BBCPERSIAN — broadcast 20260806 100000 UTC 467 transcript segments Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (https://www.gdeltproject.org/), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive. Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record. [00:00:02] when the US enters a war with Russia or China because [00:00:05] at that point, the need for ammunition will be extraordinarily higher and much [00:00:09] more than the current inventory of the most advanced American [00:00:12] weapons. [00:00:16] Well, if these reports are confirmed - of course, [00:00:20] the American side says there is no such shortage - [00:00:23] but if it's correct to some extent, then [00:00:26] it can be predicted that, [00:00:30] for example, the US government and the US army [00:00:33] will be forced to change its strategy in this war, [00:00:37] meaning that [00:00:41] in order to carry out its operations, [00:00:44] it might be forced to use [00:00:47] more high-risk methods? [00:00:49] Again, if we're talking about the current [00:00:54] conflict with Iran, Iran's threat to US forces [00:00:58] is not that extensive. These forces maintain their distance [00:01:02] from Iran, they have defensive warships, [00:01:05] and their aircraft's maneuverability [00:01:08] is high. Of course, some can be shot down. Several [00:01:11] helicopters and planes have been downed, but casualties are low [00:01:15] and the defense is very good. But it might be an obstacle for ground [00:01:18] operations. Because Iran can use a large part [00:01:22] of its firepower. For example, if [00:01:25] the US captures Kharg Island, the marines [00:01:29] and... [00:01:39] You also mentioned other threats [00:01:41] facing the US, China and [00:01:45] Russia in this current [00:01:48] situation. Is this in a way giving an [00:01:52] early warning to the US [00:01:54] regarding the ammunition it might have available in case [00:01:58] of conflict? [00:02:10] And China has an extraordinarily high number of long-range [00:02:13] and short-range missiles and very effective defense systems. [00:02:17] As a result, if a battle breaks out in Asia or Europe [00:02:20] with these countries, the US will probably be forced [00:02:24] to stop operations in Iran or significantly reduce [00:02:28] their scale to be able to [00:02:30] focus on these priorities. And overall, [00:02:33] the challenge is that even before the events of the past few months, we were worried [00:02:37] that the US didn't have enough weapons and ammunition in Asia, [00:02:41] and now the situation has gotten [00:02:43] even worse. [00:02:46] Many analysts believed that [00:02:49] this halt in US [00:02:52] attacks was one of the reasons for [00:02:55] the shortage of weapons. And [00:02:59] now we're hearing that, in any case, negotiations are underway [00:03:03] to open the Strait of Hormuz. But if this [00:03:05] issue has caused these attacks to stop, [00:03:09] then do you think [00:03:12] that in the coming weeks, for example, the US might [00:03:16] come back and refill its arsenals and resume attacks? [00:03:20] It depends [00:03:22] on the type of weapons. For Patriot air defense systems [00:03:26] or long-range offensive systems like [00:03:29] Tomahawk missiles, the assessment is that the US [00:03:32] needs 5 years to fully restore its [00:03:35] inventory to the pre-war level. [00:03:38] This means the US has enough stock [00:03:42] of these weapons, but only for a week or two. But [00:03:46] this is not enough for a large-scale operation [00:03:49] against Russia, China, or North Korea. [00:03:52] Richard [00:03:56] White, Director of the Center for Military-Political Analysis. [00:04:01] But the first part of the four-part interview with Masoud Pezeshkian, the Iranian [00:04:05] president, with the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting is currently airing on Khabar channel. [00:04:09] This part, which was supposed to be released last night, according to the [00:04:12] President's Office, was postponed due to the busy schedule [00:04:16] of IRIB on Arba'een night, and now these talks have concluded. [00:04:20] Mr. Pezeshkian said in part of this interview that the Islamic Republic [00:04:23] has managed to overcome the most difficult post-revolution conditions. He [00:04:27] said that despite the crises of the past two years, Iran [00:04:31] is referred to as a powerful country. My colleague, Ghoncheh [00:04:34] Habibzadeh, is with me. I know you saw [00:04:38] this interview. What did Mr. Pezeshkian say? Mr. Pezeshkian started from the last two [00:04:42] years, from what happened, from the killing of Ismail Haniyeh, [00:04:46] the Hamas leader, in Tehran, and what happened after that. Then [00:04:49] a 12-day war happened. The recent war, all of this, the killing [00:04:53] of the leader of the Islamic Republic, Ali Khamenei, and [00:04:56] in a part of his speech, he said that after Ali Khamenei's killing, many thought [00:05:00] that even he himself, Mr. Pezeshkian, thought a country couldn't continue [00:05:04] after this, that there would be an internal rebellion, something that, according to [00:05:08] Mr. Pezeshkian, the leaders of the countries that had attacked wanted to, in a [00:05:11] way, [00:05:14] he brought up this issue about Mojtaba Khamenei, the third leader of the Islamic [00:05:17] Republic, in his speech, and said that accessing him is very [00:05:21] difficult, but he said that when Mr. Pezeshkian had [00:05:25] a meeting with him, he again said that his personality is different [00:05:29] from what they portray, and also talked about some differences [00:05:32] and divisions within the factions of Iran, especially [00:05:36] about the agreement and memorandum of understanding with the US, [00:05:39] and said that Mr. Khamenei had said [00:05:42] that if three-quarters of the members, more than that, agree to [00:05:46] this agreement, three-quarters of the members of the Supreme National Security Council, [00:05:50] this agreement will be approved by Iran. [00:05:53] However, some have now said they oppose it. [00:05:57] Mr. Pezeshkian criticized this issue, and also a main issue that [00:06:00] Mr. Pezeshkian referred to was the protests of December [00:06:04] 18th and 19th. Let's listen to a part of his remarks. [00:06:08] Both he and we were extremely upset because the actions [00:06:12] that were taken, the management of the situation, [00:06:15] because there was no preparation, [00:06:19] many people were harmed. [00:06:20] And [00:06:25] both he and we can't [00:06:28] remove from our minds that many of our [00:06:32] youth, a large number of them, [00:06:35] died, became martyrs, some of them were [00:06:39] injured, some of them lost some of their [00:06:43] body parts. Well, this was very bad for [00:06:46] him, and even now, I [00:06:50] cannot forget that incident. Mr. Pezeshkian [00:06:53] here had mentioned that he was referring to the distress of the former [00:06:57] leader of the Islamic Republic, Ali Khamenei, and the first meeting after [00:07:00] the protests. He was talking about that, about the events [00:07:04] that had occurred. And also, in another part of his speech, [00:07:07] he referred to the number of casualties and accused [00:07:11] foreign media of fabricating numbers, saying [00:07:15] 30,000 people were killed. And the statistics [00:07:18] published by Iran are not these figures; they said 3,000 people were killed. [00:07:22] He also spoke about this issue. And [00:07:26] this was a summary of what was published in the first part. [00:07:29] In other parts, Mr. Pezeshkian is expected to address other issues, as [00:07:33] is clear from the teaser for this interview, which they say will [00:07:36] be broadcast in the coming nights. Thank you, Goncheh. Goncheh Habibi Azad, my colleague [00:07:40] in the studio. Kazem Alamdari, sociologist and author [00:07:44] of "Why Iran Lagged Behind and the West Advanced" is with us [00:07:48] wrote an article on the Iran-e-Emrooz website [00:07:52] titled "What Fate Awaits Iran?" Mr. Alamdari, [00:07:56] this question you have raised is probably a question that [00:07:59] occupies the minds of 90 million Iranians: [00:08:03] what fate awaits Iran? [00:08:06] We just heard from my colleague that Mr. Pezeshkian, [00:08:10] the president of Iran, refers to the ongoing [00:08:13] problems and challenges that [00:08:16] the current government and the regime are grappling with. [00:08:20] At present, what fate do you think awaits [00:08:23] Iran? [00:08:26] Yes, I think that Iran is [00:08:30] in a very deadlocked situation, [00:08:33] a multi-faceted and interconnected deadlock. [00:08:36] And if these deadlocks continue, [00:08:40] the society will [00:08:44] reach a point where social order and security become more important [00:08:47] than freedom. The crises that can be mentioned are, first, [00:08:51] that the government has reached obsolescence. Second, [00:08:55] there is a deadlock between the two dominant [00:08:58] factions within the current government, [00:09:02] and one faction, the hardline [00:09:06] faction, prevents agreement with the West, with the US, [00:09:10] while the other faction is trying [00:09:13] to reach an agreement and a consensus. [00:09:16] The third deadlock is [00:09:19] that the war has reached a stage where it doesn't [00:09:23] seem that any group, any side, [00:09:26] will be victorious in this war. Society has [00:09:29] reached fatigue, complete exhaustion, [00:09:32] where crises have also accumulated [00:09:36] and the government is unable to respond to the needs [00:09:40] of society. All of this has created [00:09:43] a situation, as I mentioned, where society [00:09:46] might seek a savior. There isn't one, [00:09:49] but the conditions might create a savior, [00:09:53] just as [00:09:55] I cited Napoleon Bonaparte in my article [00:09:59] as an example of the conditions in France at that time, [00:10:02] which are not even similar to today's Iran. [00:10:05] It wasn't. But for example, [00:10:08] Reza Shah can be seen as a phenomenon or [00:10:11] product of a situation where society [00:10:15] had reached multiple deadlocks and couldn't solve its problems. [00:10:18] One of the crises that I consider very important [00:10:22] is that the opposition [00:10:25] is neither able to overcome the government [00:10:29] nor is the government able to completely silence [00:10:33] the opposition, eliminate it, or ignore [00:10:36] it. Therefore, this combination of deadlocks causes [00:10:39] society to reach a point, a time, [00:10:43] a situation where, as I first mentioned, [00:10:45] social order and security become more important [00:10:49] than freedom, and everyone is looking for someone to come [00:10:52] powerfully and establish this order [00:10:56] and security. From your perspective, could this lead to a [00:10:59] dictatorship, as you wrote in the article? Exactly. [00:11:03] This is exactly what a dictatorship needs, a military figure. [00:11:07] Today, such a figure does not exist in Iranian society, [00:11:10] whereas several years ago, before Qassem [00:11:14] Soleimani was killed, he could have played that role [00:11:17] when the proxy forces of the Islamic Republic still existed. [00:11:21] Because both the government and all factions of the government [00:11:25] were behind him. The perception was that he was fighting ISIS [00:11:29] outside of Iran, and a part of [00:11:32] the national movements also supported him with the same [00:11:35] discourse and narrative that he was fighting ISIS [00:11:39] outside to prevent them from entering Iran. [00:11:42] Today, such a personality does not exist [00:11:45] in the military apparatus of the Islamic Republic. Therefore, [00:11:49] the situation must become more critical for one to be created, [00:11:52] for one to emerge, and for society to accept [00:11:56] him. In a part of this article, you also said that the lack of a coherent [00:12:00] political alternative [00:12:03] does not necessarily mean the survival of the Islamic Republic. [00:12:07] That alternative may not exist, but the Islamic Republic could still [00:12:10] collapse and disappear. How do you reconcile [00:12:13] these two? Exactly. That's exactly right. [00:12:16] As I mentioned, the Islamic [00:12:19] Republic's revolution has not failed. The government has become [00:12:22] obsolete. The government is not capable of [00:12:25] responding to the needs of society. [00:12:28] On the other hand, [00:12:31] mechanisms have been employed over the past 47 years [00:12:35] that have not allowed an opposition, [00:12:37] even an opposition within the government, to emerge. For example, the reformists [00:12:41] to be considered an alternative within the government [00:12:44] at a time when the government as a whole [00:12:48] has reached a deadlock like today, for them to take [00:12:52] power. For example, I think Pezeshkian [00:12:55] and Ghalibaf these days are trying to play the role [00:12:59] of past reformists and [00:13:02] to break out of the structure of the Islamic Republic, where [00:13:05] all power was absolutely concentrated [00:13:09] in one person, [00:13:12] and create a new structure. Today, due to those [00:13:15] same mechanisms, no governmental alternative [00:13:19] or prominent opposition has formed outside [00:13:23] the government. [00:13:25] Yes, a large majority of society opposes the Islamic [00:13:29] Republic, but this is not enough. This majority needs to have [00:13:32] organization, organic leadership, [00:13:36] be present across Iran, within Iran. These have not yet [00:13:39] taken shape in Iran. [00:13:42] You also mentioned the possibility of chaos [00:13:45] in case of the Islamic Republic's collapse in this article. From [00:13:49] a social perspective, you are, after all, a sociologist. [00:13:53] How concerning should this chaos be for ordinary [00:13:57] people in Iran? Look, [00:14:00] we haven't reached that threshold yet. This society hasn't [00:14:03] reached that threshold, but it can reach that threshold where [00:14:07] the fatigue caused by accumulated [00:14:10] crises, by poverty and unemployment, and [00:14:14] discrimination and repression - these [00:14:17] will make society unable to endure them [00:14:20] anymore, and regional rebellions will [00:14:24] begin. Regional rebellions will begin, [00:14:27] and the Islamic Republic will be unable to control [00:14:31] them. I mentioned in the article that one of the reasons [00:14:35] that these days the Islamic Republic resorts to suppression or missile [00:14:38] attacks on the bases of Kurdish parties in the Kurdistan [00:14:42] Region is that the Islamic Republic itself sees this potential [00:14:46] in society for rebellions to occur [00:14:49] and for armed [00:14:53] Kurdish parties to be able to play a role. They would arm people in various parts [00:14:56] of Iran. Therefore, as a preventive measure [00:15:00] the Islamic Republic is taking, it aims to neutralize the forces [00:15:04] of armed parties in the Kurdistan Region. Therefore, [00:15:07] yes, the potential exists that society, whether it wants [00:15:10] to or not, might experience these so-called rebellions [00:15:13] due to a situation where everything has [00:15:17] reached a deadlock and society feels it has tried every [00:15:21] path without success. Even the major world powers, [00:15:25] such as the US and Israel, have intervened, thousands of bombs [00:15:28] were dropped on Iran, yet the Islamic Republic remains, there are still [00:15:32] problems, there is still a crisis, and it has gotten worse, and it [00:15:36] will get even worse. Therefore. [00:15:58] The Islamic Republic has transformed military war into economic [00:16:02] war. Therefore, whenever it is attacked by the US, [00:16:06] or for example, Iranian structures [00:16:08] are bombed by the US, [00:16:12] the Islamic Republic retaliates by attacking neighboring [00:16:15] countries. Attacking neighboring countries - now, a large [00:16:19] portion of them are US allies, [00:16:22] but even if they're not, it doesn't matter, because [00:16:26] 20% of the world's economic resources, [00:16:29] primarily oil and gas, [00:16:32] pass through the Persian Gulf. [00:16:36] And [00:16:50] if it seizes the world, the US will suffer greatly from this, [00:16:54] and if military forces enter Iran, because some [00:16:58] analysts think the only remaining option for the US [00:17:02] is to send military forces into Iran, this would be a catastrophe [00:17:05] that would, in my opinion, put all parties involved, [00:17:09] including the US itself, under great pressure [00:17:12] and would be the end of the great American [00:17:15] empire, just as in the First World War, [00:17:19] and especially the Second World War, it was the end [00:17:22] of the British Empire. [00:17:25] And as a final question, don't you think that the scenarios [00:17:28] you have presented here might be a bit [00:17:31] pessimistic? Look, I mentioned [00:17:35] at the beginning of the article [00:17:37] that we must see realities, act based on realities, [00:17:41] and analyze. The ideals we have or the desires [00:17:45] we have can be very contradictory. Yes, I don't like any [00:17:49] of these, but they might happen. Based on the data [00:17:52] available so far, some American analysts have concluded [00:17:56] that there is no other way for the US but [00:18:00] to enter Iranian territory, and they themselves concluded [00:18:04] that this is a great catastrophe that, so to speak, the US [00:18:11] cannot... Therefore, these realities must be seen, and based on these realities, [00:18:14] there might be some exaggeration, and I might look at it [00:18:18] pessimistically, but this pessimism is necessary to [00:18:22] alert everyone that in the future, we will face [00:18:25] a situation much worse than what it is today, and those [00:18:29] who are actively involved can take action. For example, within [00:18:33] the Islamic Republic, the two factions of the Islamic Republic cannot [00:18:36] reach an agreement. One faction, the hardline [00:18:39] faction, sees its entire political destiny in the continuation [00:18:43] of war. Israel and a part of the opposition [00:18:46] to the Islamic Republic outside Iran are [00:18:50] rejoicing at the occupation of Iran, at the bombing [00:18:53] of Iran's infrastructure. This future situation is very concerning, [00:18:57] why should Iranians rejoice over the destruction [00:19:00] of Iran's infrastructure and be happy that Iran's cities [00:19:04] will probably be destroyed? Therefore, [00:19:08] all these must be considered together and analyzed based on these realities, [00:19:12] not on what we like or dislike. Thank you, [00:19:15] Kazem Alamdari, sociologist, with [00:19:19] me. In a few weeks, the United Nations must elect [00:19:23] a new Secretary-General for a 5-year term. [00:19:26] Many say it's time for a woman to lead [00:19:30] the organization for the first time. Bahman Karbasi, our correspondent [00:19:34] in New York, on the process of this election and the competitors... [00:19:50] At the end of this year, December 31st, will hand over the Secretary-General's chair to his successor. The [00:19:53] organization. [00:19:57] An organization with its affiliated bodies has over 100 [00:20:00] thousand employees, and its Secretary-General plays [00:20:03] a symbolic and sometimes effective [00:20:06] role in reducing tensions between countries. The election [00:20:10] of Mr. Guterres's replacement may take several [00:20:14] weeks. First, any member state of the United Nations [00:20:17] can nominate a candidate for [00:20:20] the post. This time, fewer than 10 countries [00:20:24] have nominated individuals. The expectation is that they [00:20:27] should have experience in diplomacy and management of international [00:20:31] organizations. Then the Security [00:20:34] Council will review the work experience and abilities [00:20:38] of these individuals. Who will be the next UN Secretary-General [00:20:42] will be determined here at the Security Council meeting [00:20:45] venue at the United Nations. [00:20:48] The non-permanent members of the Council, [00:20:51] 10 countries, will vote with white ballots, and the permanent [00:20:55] members - Britain, Russia, China, the United States, and France [00:20:59] - will express their opinions with red ballots regarding [00:21:03] these six or seven candidates for Secretary-General. But [00:21:06] it must be determined which of these has a better chance to get [00:21:10] both the majority vote and have no permanent member oppose [00:21:14] them. A process that will continue for several weeks in this [00:21:17] hall until finally a name from. [00:21:50] the Atomic Energy Agency, amid the wars, we talked with the leaders of both [00:21:54] sides and were accepted as an effective mediator. This is [00:21:58] a role the UN should be able [00:22:00] to play. [00:22:07] The UN has had nine Secretaries-General [00:22:11] to date. All men. These images are of them on [00:22:14] silk tapestries donated by Iran. In one of the [00:22:17] entrances to the UN headquarters [00:22:20] in New York. Many countries insist that this [00:22:24] time a woman should lead the organization. The presence [00:22:28] of four female candidates indicates the possibility [00:22:31] of one of them being chosen. According to [00:22:35] news leaked from last week's Security [00:22:38] Council vote, Rebeca Grynspan, former Vice President [00:22:42] of Costa Rica, has received the most [00:22:45] support. People are losing faith that this [00:22:48] organization can establish peace in today's more [00:22:52] dangerous world. With one less vote, Carolyn [00:22:55] Rodrigues Birkett, former Foreign Minister of Guyana, [00:22:58] is also a serious contender for Secretary-General. [00:23:02] We need a Secretary-General who is [00:23:06] pragmatic and action-oriented. Any of these competitors who [00:23:09] succeeds in gaining the support of the Security Council members [00:23:13] will be nominated to the General Assembly. [00:23:16] Where all countries have the right to vote. [00:23:20] This last step is symbolic because it is expected [00:23:23] that representatives of most countries will vote [00:23:26] in favor of the nominated individual. [00:23:30] The tenth Secretary-General of the United Nations, who after [00:23:33] his election will immediately face the super-crises of ongoing [00:23:37] wars, climate change, and questions about the effectiveness [00:23:41] and impact of the United Nations. [00:23:44] Bahman Kalbasi, BBC [00:23:46] New York. A stray [00:23:50] space rocket belonging to SpaceX [00:23:53] has collided with the moon's surface. This rocket [00:23:57] is the empty upper section of a Falcon 9 [00:24:01] missile that was launched in January last year and [00:24:04] was on a collision course with the moon at a speed [00:24:08] of about 885 kilometers per hour. Watch [00:24:11] our science reporter, Palapsh's, [00:24:13] report. [00:24:20] A year and a half ago, this rocket was launched to carry a lunar lander and rover to [00:24:24] the moon, but the rocket itself was not supposed to land on the moon, [00:24:28] let alone collide with it. [00:24:29] A successful [00:24:32] launch in the skies of Florida, USA. [00:24:36] The moment the lower section separated while [00:24:39] the upper section continued its journey to the moon. [00:24:43] At that time, they didn't know it would eventually crash [00:24:45] into the moon. [00:24:49] Something like this was supposed to happen: a recreated [00:24:52] NASA image of an intentional crash on the moon's surface [00:24:56] 17 years ago. A luminous [00:24:58] explosion and scattered debris up to 100 [00:25:01] kilometers high. Observing it from Earth was not [00:25:04] easy, but powerful telescopes were able to record it, [00:25:07] providing valuable information to scientists. [00:25:09] That [00:25:12] collision is interesting to scientists because we know it actually happened, [00:25:16] and we know the speed and mass of the rocket that collided with the moon. [00:25:20] This isn't information we normally obtain in our daily lives. [00:25:24] As a result, when scientists want to study the [00:25:27] scattered debris from the collision with the moon's surface, [00:25:31] they have a lot more data available. By studying [00:25:34] the light emissions that result from the explosion, [00:25:37] scientists can identify the type of materials and understand [00:25:41] the moon's composition at the impact site. This is an incredible [00:25:44] opportunity for scientists who want to know how the moon was formed, [00:25:48] what its history was. [00:26:32] You can check the latest news. Just 55 minutes [00:26:36] ago, as you can see, CBS said that [00:26:39] an agreement between Iran and Oman for the reopening [00:26:43] of the Strait of Hormuz might be announced in the coming [00:26:46] days. This is something that in a way confirms [00:26:49] the Iranian Foreign Minister's statements today that an agreement between [00:26:53] Iran and Oman is being finalized and will be announced [00:26:56] soon. Thank you for being with us for these 60 [00:27:00] minutes. [00:27:25] They use fake names. Their phones are disposable [00:27:29] and they hide from the law. Not to escape the law, but [00:27:33] to expose lawbreakers. They are [00:27:36] BBC World Service journalists, [00:27:39] and this is Global Eye on BBC [00:27:43] Persian. Jürgen Habermas was one of [00:27:46] those philosophers who were widely welcomed [00:27:49] in Iran. Why? What ideas in his political [00:27:53] philosophy received attention in Iran? Habermas [00:27:56] is not a pacifist at any cost. In Eastern [00:28:00] Europe. In the late 80s, when revolutions [00:28:03] were happening, he supported them. When we look at his [00:28:07] opinion on Israel and Palestine, we see [00:28:10] that he turns into a German for whom the Holocaust is a red [00:28:14] line. [00:28:28] One billion. [00:28:32] Ever, freckles, [00:28:43] little mark here. It's amazing, yeah, yeah, to know there's [00:28:46] a little piece of - still [00:28:48] there. [00:28:53] Good morning, how are [00:28:54] you? [00:29:08] "Thank you doesn't seem enough for this because it's just such an incredible gift [00:29:11] that's given me so much [00:29:13] independence." [00:29:21] When I was asked about limbs, I kind of [00:29:25] paused for a minute. I thought, what's the difference if I'm given [00:29:28] a heart, liver, lungs, kidneys? What difference [00:29:32] does it make? So, and it'll change somebody's life, so yeah. I've been [00:29:35] able to finally hold my youngest granddaughter's hand, and I can [00:29:39] actually feel it now. [00:30:40] Hello, and welcome to this short news segment from BBC Persian [00:30:44] Television. Reuters news agency has reported [00:30:47] that a proposed agreement between Iran and Oman [00:30:50] to end military tension in the Strait of Hormuz would allow [00:30:53] Tehran to control the entry of ships into the Persian [00:30:57] Gulf. The US has not yet commented on this. [00:31:00] Iran and Oman within the framework.