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20260808 010000 UTC
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[00:00:22] Headline news:
[00:00:24] Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan agree on a defense pact in Mecca.
[00:00:28] Riyadh says their pact doesn't threaten any country.
[00:00:31] Ankara also says it doesn't conflict with its NATO obligations.
[00:00:35] Trump hopes for an agreement to reopen the Strait of Hormuz in
[00:00:39] the near future. A US official said that if this waterway
[00:00:43] is fully opened, the naval blockade on Iran
[00:00:46] would be lifted.
[00:00:48] Scattered clashes over women's dress in Iran. Tehran's Friday
[00:00:52] prayer leader claimed a systematic foreign effort
[00:00:55] to promote immodesty. And a 97-year-old woman
[00:01:02] breaks her own record by performing stunts on the wing
[00:01:06] of a plane.
[00:01:26] Hello and welcome to this news segment from BBC Persian. I am Parham.
[00:01:30] Qadi. Saudi Arabia says the joint defense agreement it
[00:01:33] signed with Turkey and Pakistan
[00:01:36] is unrelated to any nuclear ambitions and does not threaten
[00:01:40] any country in the region. Turkey also stated that this
[00:01:43] defense pact does not conflict with its commitments within the
[00:01:47] NATO framework. According to this agreement, signed by Mohammed bin
[00:01:50] Salman, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and Shahbaz Sharif in Mecca,
[00:01:54] an armed attack on any of these three countries
[00:01:57] will be considered an attack on all of them. Turkey is a member of
[00:02:01] NATO. Saudi Arabia is one of the main allies of the US in
[00:02:04] the region and the largest oil exporter in the world.
[00:02:07] Pakistan is also the only Muslim country with nuclear
[00:02:11] weapons. More details in a report by Kasra
[00:02:13] Naji.
[00:02:17] The leaders of Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey signed
[00:02:21] a trilateral defense pact today, known as the
[00:02:24] Mecca Pact. This comes just as the Iran-US
[00:02:28] conflict in the region is
[00:02:30] escalating, and Saudi Arabia has been drawn
[00:02:34] into it.
[00:02:39] According to this pact, or joint Mecca defense agreement,
[00:02:43] an attack or aggression against one of the signatories is considered
[00:02:46] an attack and aggression against all three. Just a few
[00:02:50] days ago, Iran officially and in writing informed the Arab
[00:02:54] countries in the region that in case of new US attacks on
[00:02:58] Iran, their oil installations would be targeted. Today's agreement
[00:03:01] states that all three countries are committed to further
[00:03:05] strengthening their collective security
[00:03:08] and promoting peace, security, and stability in
[00:03:12] the region and beyond. The defense pact of these
[00:03:15] three Muslim countries bordering Iran - Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and
[00:03:19] Turkey - now shows that Iran has managed to unite
[00:03:23] these three countries against its threats.
[00:03:26] Although this pact also has
[00:03:30] Israel in its sights, whose level of threats
[00:03:33] has significantly increased in the past few years.
[00:03:37] For Saudi Arabia, this pact is now an opportunity to
[00:03:40] reduce reliance on the US for its defense.
[00:03:44] Just 11 months ago, wealthy
[00:03:48] Saudi Arabia and nuclear-powered Pakistan signed
[00:03:51] a joint defense pact. A pact that puts Pakistan's
[00:03:54] military power and nuclear weapons at the disposal of
[00:03:58] defense.
[00:04:18] These images today from near Marib in
[00:04:22] Yemen, adjacent to Sana'a. The Mecca defense pact
[00:04:25] was signed today under conditions where the Houthis of Yemen
[00:04:29] have increased their attacks here against Saudi forces
[00:04:32] and ships that use the country's Red Sea ports.
[00:04:36] Houthis who are considered
[00:04:39] proxies of Iran, and this pact could also
[00:04:43] affect these forces.
[00:04:46] Today's
[00:04:49] pact is a sign of the current situation in the region
[00:04:52] and the threat these countries mainly feel from Iran.
[00:04:56] An Iran whose behavior is likely to mobilize
[00:05:00] and unite more countries against itself.
[00:05:03] Kasrinji, BBC
[00:05:05] C.
[00:05:08] For more discussion, Farzad Nadimi, military affairs analyst from Washington, D.C.
[00:05:14] Each of these countries has certain capabilities. What
[00:05:17] do each of them bring to the table? Well,
[00:05:21] Turkey has
[00:05:24] a very significant
[00:05:27] and extensive defense industry
[00:05:30] in the region that has advanced
[00:05:33] greatly. It can
[00:05:35] add its military industrial capacity to this pact.
[00:05:39] In the current circumstances, Saudi Arabia
[00:05:43] is investing in some of Turkey's projects,
[00:05:46] such as the Kaan stealth fighter, with an investment of about
[00:05:49] 8 billion dollars, and there is talk that it will purchase
[00:05:53] a number of these fighters once they reach the production
[00:05:56] stage. Turkey also has
[00:06:00] a multi-layered missile defense system
[00:06:04] called GUMED Pouladin under
[00:06:07] research and development, which includes both air
[00:06:11] and missile defense.
[00:06:13] And given that similar Western systems
[00:06:16] take a considerable amount of time to be ordered
[00:06:20] and delivered, and these countries themselves
[00:06:23] have a very great need, Saudi Arabia can
[00:06:27] count on Turkey's missile defense system,
[00:06:30] which could enter the production cycle in the
[00:06:34] relatively near future, and any investment by Turkey
[00:06:38] or Saudi Arabia will again return.
[00:07:13] Pakistan's nuclear program is supposed
[00:07:16] to be applied to Saudi Arabia, meaning in the face of
[00:07:19] potential
[00:07:21] attacks. This topic has been discussed very vaguely,
[00:07:25] and it's ambiguous.
[00:07:27] Perhaps it was intentional. Naturally, when the pact states
[00:07:31] that any attack on any of these countries will be an attack
[00:07:35] on the other country, it can potentially
[00:07:38] include the use of nuclear weapons.
[00:07:41] But we see that using nuclear weapons for countries that
[00:07:45] possess this capability
[00:07:47] is not
[00:07:50] easy at all. We saw in several conflicts between India and Pakistan
[00:07:53] that neither of these countries used nuclear weapons.
[00:07:56] Therefore, it can be expected that in many
[00:08:00] future scenarios, if something happens
[00:08:03] and Pakistan wants to get involved in defending Turkey
[00:08:06] or Saudi Arabia, it will not necessarily resort
[00:08:10] But having around
[00:08:13] a hundred and one nuclear agreements just recently, Donald Trump announced
[00:08:16] that he had signed with Saudi Arabia. Apart from that, 13 years
[00:08:20] ago, it was reported that Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, on behalf of
[00:08:23] Saudi Arabia, had built nuclear warheads and were ready for delivery whenever
[00:08:27] Saudi Arabia wanted them. In the 80s, they also acquired CS2
[00:08:30] missiles from China, which have a range of approximately 3,000 kilometers.
[00:08:34] If you look at the totality of these, what is Saudi Arabia worried about?
[00:08:37] Iran or Israel?
[00:08:40] Saudi Arabia is trying to increase its deterrence
[00:08:44] in every direction, and this includes both Israel and
[00:08:47] Iran. Saudi Arabia's
[00:08:50] energy industry and energy infrastructure are very vulnerable,
[00:08:53] and the events that have occurred in the past few years, from 2019 to today,
[00:08:57] have shown how vulnerable Saudi Arabia's energy
[00:09:00] infrastructure is, both in the Persian Gulf and in
[00:09:04] the Red Sea. It must create a significant deterrence capability
[00:09:08] here and has realized that the defense
[00:09:11] that the United States can provide in the region
[00:09:15] is very limited and is not enough to defend itself,
[00:09:19] let alone its allies. And
[00:09:22] Saudi Arabia must look to other
[00:09:26] defense capabilities, and here the issue is nuclear
[00:09:29] deterrence. Pakistan, of course, can potentially
[00:09:33] be a deterrent factor, although
[00:09:37] it is not specifically mentioned in this defense pact.
[00:09:40] But naturally, because Pakistan's military
[00:09:44] nuclear program, it is said, was financed by Saudi Arabia,
[00:09:48] therefore, perhaps in some
[00:09:51] confidential articles of this pact
[00:09:54] between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, or even in a bilateral
[00:09:57] pact between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, they might have envisioned the use of nuclear
[00:10:01] weapons in certain circumstances.
[00:10:04] In that case, Saudi Arabia would be at ease. Yes, long-range
[00:10:08] missiles were purchased in two phases, CS2,
[00:10:11] from China in the 1980s. Their range was 2,500 kilometers
[00:10:15] at that time for deterrence against Iran. And
[00:10:18] of course, Israel was also mentioned at that time,
[00:10:22] and then they acquired much newer generations of missiles from China
[00:10:25] again, and it is even said that they intend to manufacture them in Saudi
[00:10:29] Arabia.
[00:10:33] Is signing this memorandum of understanding
[00:10:36] sufficient, or are other things needed, such as a joint command,
[00:10:40] holding military exercises, and things of that
[00:10:42] nature? Well, naturally, this
[00:10:46] is the political agreement
[00:10:49] of this pact. Naturally, a lot of time must be spent
[00:10:52] to establish joint
[00:10:55] cooperation and compatibility of command and
[00:10:59] control systems among these countries, especially
[00:11:02] Turkey. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have a long
[00:11:06] history of military cooperation. Pakistani military forces
[00:11:09] have been present in Saudi Arabia, and many of
[00:11:13] Saudi Arabia's military systems are actually operated by Pakistanis.
[00:11:17] But simultaneous cooperation between Pakistan,
[00:11:20] Turkey, and Saudi Arabia requires
[00:11:23] significant training.
[00:11:32] Control and command and control. Now, to what extent will this happen?
[00:11:35] Will a joint structure be created?
[00:11:38] I think these details are not yet clear. In the future,
[00:11:42] it will be determined whether a joint military
[00:11:45] force will be established within the framework of this
[00:11:49] pact, or whether this is simply a political
[00:11:52] pact, and defense cooperation will take place bilaterally
[00:11:56] or trilaterally within a specific framework that will be determined
[00:12:00] in the future. But it seems that, as stated,
[00:12:03] it does not contradict the Peninsula Shield Force
[00:12:07] of the Gulf Cooperation Council and will somehow cooperate with it. And this
[00:12:11] might lead to countries like Kuwait and Bahrain joining
[00:12:15] it in the future. It's still hard to be sure about
[00:12:18] the UAE. Do you think that if, for example, Iran's infrastructure
[00:12:21] is targeted by the US, and Iran attacks
[00:12:25] Saudi Arabia's infrastructure, or Iranian-backed groups from Iraq
[00:12:29] or the Houthis, will this cause Turkey and Pakistan to take
[00:12:33] military action against Iran? Briefly, if you can say,
[00:12:36] automatically, no. But it could cause
[00:12:40] Saudi Arabia to ask these countries for help
[00:12:44] very clearly and directly, and these countries,
[00:12:47] according to their own discretion and interests,
[00:12:50] can use their capabilities to defend
[00:12:53] Saudi Arabia. I think Turkey can quickly send
[00:12:57] its air force and air defense systems to Saudi Arabia.
[00:13:01] Turkey too, but not in a direct offensive against Iran, I don't
[00:13:04] think so. Thank you very much for your presence in the program.
[00:13:07] Farzad Nadimi, military analyst from Washington,
[00:13:10] is with us. We have Meir Javdanfar,
[00:13:13] Israeli affairs expert from Tel Aviv, with us. Welcome to the program, Mr. Javdanfar.
[00:13:16] Has the Islamic NATO caused concern in Israel?
[00:13:19] From one
[00:13:22] perspective, yes, because
[00:13:26] it can
[00:13:28] make diplomatic relations between Israel
[00:13:32] and Saudi Arabia more
[00:13:35] difficult. Let's not forget that one of the reasons Hamas
[00:13:38] attacked Israel on October 7th was that Israel and Saudi Arabia
[00:13:42] were on the verge of establishing diplomatic relations.
[00:13:45] And now we know that
[00:13:48] Mr. Erdogan
[00:13:51] has really taken very strong anti-Israeli
[00:13:54] stances since the day
[00:13:58] after October 7th, especially, and
[00:14:01] close relations between Saudi Arabia
[00:14:05] and Turkey could, in the future, of course with a different
[00:14:09] Israeli government, not with the current Israeli government, make the issue
[00:14:13] more difficult. But from another perspective,
[00:14:16] no, because
[00:14:19] it really can also be an opportunity
[00:14:23] for Israel, because it seems
[00:14:26] that one of the main goals
[00:14:29] of this pact is the Velayat-e Faqih
[00:14:33] government in Tehran. Do you think this will affect
[00:14:37] the normalization of relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel,
[00:14:40] something they were very much pursuing?
[00:14:43] It can, yes, it can.
[00:14:46] One of the hopes in
[00:14:50] Israel in previous years was that Israel, Saudi Arabia, and
[00:14:53] moderate Sunni countries
[00:14:56] that are against the government and really suffer
[00:14:59] from the policies of the Velayat-e Faqih government,
[00:15:02] Israel would form an alliance with them
[00:15:06] against the government in Iran,
[00:15:09] against the policies of the government in Iran. But Israel failed
[00:15:13] for various reasons, due to
[00:15:16] October 7th, and it's also possible that because
[00:15:20] the war could have ended sooner in Gaza,
[00:15:23] but perhaps due to Israel's policies, it continued,
[00:15:27] and the longer the war continued, it really became
[00:15:30] harder for Israel to reach an agreement
[00:15:34] with Saudi Arabia. Now, while
[00:15:37] the Saudis will truly be dependent
[00:15:41] on Mr. Erdogan for their country's
[00:15:43] defense, perhaps one of the conditions
[00:15:47] he will set in the future for continued
[00:15:51] defense of Saudi Arabia will be
[00:15:53] that Saudi Arabia never establishes relations with Israel. This
[00:15:57] could truly be a big challenge for Israel
[00:16:00] in the short term, but in the long term, it's difficult,
[00:16:04] because we all know how much
[00:16:07] pacts and relationships can
[00:16:11] truly undergo significant changes
[00:16:15] in the Middle East. Don't forget how much Saudi Arabia and Turkey
[00:16:19] were enemies. Mr. Khashoggi was killed in Turkey,
[00:16:22] and Turkey was really against Mr. Bin Salman,
[00:16:25] and with the problems that arose, Mr.
[00:16:29] Erdogan truly supported
[00:16:32] these issues to create problems for Bin Salman,
[00:16:36] and it was his main source.
[00:17:02] people who take dollars to be present in society, with what he calls
[00:17:05] an undesirable situation.
[00:17:07] Mohammad Javad Haj Ali Akbari said in his Friday prayer
[00:17:11] sermon that a group is taking advantage of the war situation
[00:17:15] and promoting nudity. At the same time, reports of hijab warnings to
[00:17:18] some women in several cities, including Tehran, Rasht, and Isfahan,
[00:17:22] were published, and a number of cafes were also sealed.
[00:17:25] Saman Savadi, lawyer and gender equality activist from Brighton,
[00:17:29] UK, is with us. Welcome to the program, Ms. Savadi. In a situation
[00:17:32] where the Islamic Republic of Iran is currently
[00:17:36] in war, the officials are trying very hard, as they say,
[00:17:40] to create unity. On the other hand, livelihood problems have become
[00:17:43] so severe that even the officials of the Islamic Republic admit
[00:17:47] that protests are likely. Why should they touch
[00:17:49] such a controversial issue?
[00:17:52] Hello to you and the viewers of your program.
[00:17:55] Exactly for the reasons you mentioned, the Islamic Republic is currently
[00:17:59] trying to increase its control over women's bodies and, through
[00:18:03] that, over society, because it knows that the people
[00:18:06] are embers under ashes, and at any moment, this fire
[00:18:10] may ignite again. The issue is that, fundamentally, when we want
[00:18:14] to look at the core of what happens regarding hijab, the issue is not
[00:18:17] what kind of clothes a woman wears or doesn't wear, or what kind of lifestyle
[00:18:21] she has, but rather the issue of control and
[00:18:24] obedience. Just as in previous weeks and months, we witnessed
[00:18:28] women who did not have the preferred covering of the Islamic
[00:18:31] Republic participating in government street carnivals and occupying the streets.
[00:18:35] There, the command was to occupy the streets.
[00:18:38] The command was to display national unity, and the issue
[00:18:41] of hijab was not important. But now the situation is different.
[00:18:45] Now the issue is to send this message to society, to women, and to all
[00:18:48] citizens: I can control you. Let's be aware of this point:
[00:18:52] the force that is currently present in the streets as the morality
[00:18:56] police will not always remain the morality police. The issue is
[00:18:59] control. Today, that morality police is supposed to control
[00:19:03] the issue of women's hijab, and tomorrow, it will control
[00:19:07] street protests. It will control other behaviors
[00:19:10] of citizens. In fact, the Islamic Republic, with what we call
[00:19:14] dress control, is normalizing
[00:19:17] control at the societal level. The moral panic,
[00:19:21] those words you used, nakedness, immodesty, creates
[00:19:25] a moral panic in society, which is essentially meant to say
[00:19:28] that due to this existing panic, I justify any kind of suppression,
[00:19:32] any kind of confrontation. Well, for all these years,
[00:19:35] the desire of the officials of the Islamic
[00:19:45] Republic has not been able to stop the cultural policies of the Islamic
[00:19:49] Republic from hindering women and people in other cultural
[00:19:52] spheres. Why are they so insistent on continuing this
[00:19:55] war? This point you refer to
[00:19:58] is an interesting one, because as you said, women
[00:20:02] have never abandoned this front. It was the first
[00:20:05] line of defense that women established against the Islamic Republic
[00:20:09] in Esfand 57 (March 1979). They came to the streets and said, "No to headscarves,
[00:20:13] no to oppression." They knew very well, as we heard earlier,
[00:20:16] that whoever tells them what to wear will later tell them what to think
[00:20:20] and how to live. This has continued from that
[00:20:23] year until now. The women who came to the streets
[00:20:26] that day, their granddaughters, their daughters, have not left the streets,
[00:20:30] they have not returned home. They are still in the streets and fighting,
[00:20:33] and yes, they have been able to push the Islamic Republic back
[00:20:37] slightly, but the Islamic Republic knows very well that the issue
[00:20:41] is not exactly what I said in the first part, the issue is control. If they tell
[00:20:45] these women that they can no longer wear the hijab, then they will demand
[00:20:48] their other rights, their civil rights. Of course, women
[00:20:52] will also demand their other rights. But there is another point,
[00:20:56] and that is that, after all, the Islamic Republic has a core of supporters,
[00:20:59] and that core of supporters expects the Islamic Republic
[00:21:03] to police society on who wears what, drinks what,
[00:21:06] and has what kind of relationships. If the Islamic Republic were to lose
[00:21:10] support from that core and lose its own supporters by
[00:21:14] retreating on the issue of hijab,
[00:21:18] then it would have lost its supporters,
[00:21:20] but it cannot attract my opponents. I am against
[00:21:23] the Islamic Republic, and if the Islamic Republic retreats from
[00:21:27] the issue of hijab, I will not become a supporter of the Islamic Republic.
[00:21:31] So, the Islamic Republic finds itself in this difficult position that
[00:21:35] if it retreats from hijab, it will lose support from its own
[00:21:38] supporters, and it will not gain opponents. So, it sees the best course of action
[00:21:42] as maintaining this front, maintaining control over women and society,
[00:21:46] and relying on the support of that same group that still
[00:21:52] supports it. These actions by the Islamic Republic are usually
[00:21:56] seasonal. For example, they happen more often in summers. Now we are
[00:21:59] also approaching the anniversary of the Woman, Life, Freedom movement.
[00:22:02] Some say that might be the reason. Do you think these will
[00:22:06] have any effect on the path that Iranian women or
[00:22:09] others have taken, and their distance from the policies
[00:22:12] of the Islamic Republic? What has happened throughout
[00:22:16] these past four decades shows us that these will not
[00:22:20] have an effect. Meaning, the Islamic Republic constantly tries to
[00:22:23] brand the way women dress and the lifestyle
[00:22:27] of citizens as "abnormal,"
[00:22:30] whereas what we are witnessing shows that if it were normal,
[00:22:34] there would be no need for police, cameras, sealing
[00:22:37] businesses, and such measures to enforce it on society.
[00:22:41] This shows that, on the contrary, society is very clearly telling
[00:22:44] the government that the way you treat me
[00:22:47] is abnormal, and this struggle continues.
[00:22:51] I don't think that, in fact, society will retreat
[00:22:54] from these kinds of behaviors right now. But society also
[00:22:58] has a tolerance level, you know. It might sometimes pause to regroup,
[00:23:01] but later it will stand up more against these kinds of behaviors.
[00:23:05] Thank you very much for your presence in the program. Saman Savadi,
[00:23:08] lawyer and gender equality activist from Brighton,
[00:23:11] We continue the program with a few short news items.
[00:23:14] A court of appeals in the US has ordered the government
[00:23:18] to construct a 400-person
[00:23:23] reception hall. This court announced that the government
[00:23:26] must obtain congressional approval for this project. Following
[00:23:30] the destruction of the east wing of the White House, the National Trust for Historic
[00:23:34] Preservation had sued the government to stop further construction.
[00:23:38] Donald Trump reacted to this ruling by describing it as a politically
[00:23:41] motivated act and said that his administration would appeal to the Supreme
[00:23:45] Court. After a shooting at a school in the suburbs
[00:23:49] of Bangkok, the Prime Minister of Thailand promised to enact
[00:23:52] a new law to control firearms. In this incident, a 14-year-old
[00:23:56] boy killed seven people, including five teachers,
[00:24:00] and then committed suicide. He first killed
[00:24:03] his grandparents and then stormed the school
[00:24:06] he attended. 13 people were hospitalized.
[00:24:10] The Prime Minister of Thailand said it is clear that this attack
[00:24:13] was premeditated. An
[00:24:17] eastern imperial eagle was released into the wild in Serbia
[00:24:21] after being rescued from wildlife traffickers. This bird, named
[00:24:24] Felix, was caught last year after leaving its nest and
[00:24:28] smuggled to the Middle East. The smugglers had demanded a ransom
[00:24:31] for its release. Tracking devices showed that Felix's
[00:24:35] last location was Syria. After long negotiations,
[00:24:39] it was sent to Beirut for recovery and returned home
[00:24:42] six months later. The eastern imperial eagle is an endangered
[00:24:46] species. A
[00:24:51] 97-year-old woman, who held the record for wing-walking
[00:24:54] on a plane, has broken her own world record.
[00:24:58] Betty Bromage has been performing these aerial stunts for a decade
[00:25:02] to raise money for charities. In her latest
[00:25:05] performance, she raised funds for the healthcare staff
[00:25:09] who helped her during her stroke. BBC correspondent Steve
[00:25:12] Noyes witnessed her adventurous flight up
[00:25:15] close.
[00:25:18] Betty is back. She is 97 years old and has taken
[00:25:22] to the skies again. If I don't do these things,
[00:25:26] life gets boring for me. When you get old, you can't go to certain places,
[00:25:29] you can't do certain things, you can't drive.
[00:25:33] You can't see well. I can't see very well. It's a bit frustrating. In the sky,
[00:25:37] Betty feels at home. On the ground, her friends and
[00:25:40] neighbors in her village in Cheltenham watch her
[00:25:44] with concern. Betty started
[00:25:48] this 10 years ago. At 87 years old, since
[00:25:51] then, she has abseiled from a tower in Cheltenham
[00:25:55] and zip-lined in Snowdonia. But this time, she has gone
[00:25:59] further than ever before and from behind.
[00:26:32] The staff of the department sent her a message and wished her
[00:26:36] success.
[00:26:42] It's amazing that she's doing something like this for us. We're very
[00:26:45] grateful. To get on an airplane and wing-walk
[00:26:49] just to support our department is amazing. We're very
[00:26:52] grateful for her. We're very grateful that she's doing this. On the ground,
[00:26:56] Betty calmly celebrated her success. She
[00:26:59] broke her own world record again. She is the most senior
[00:27:03] woman to perform stunts on the wing of an
[00:27:06] airplane.
[00:27:11] I was a children's nurse, and I worked at Dr. Bernardo's home in Bristol.
[00:27:14] On my bed there was a note with this message: "We only pass
[00:27:18] through this world once. For every good deed and for every act
[00:27:21] of kindness, we are only given one opportunity. Every time
[00:27:25] you have the chance to do good, don't overlook it, because you won't
[00:27:29] pass this way again." Betty has promised to go back to the sky
[00:27:33] in two and a half years, at the age of 100, to spend
[00:27:36] her centenary gloriously on a flying
[00:27:41] machine. For the latest, always visit our social media channels and our
[00:27:45] website. This news segment has come to an end. Thank you for
[00:27:49] choosing BBC Persian.
[00:27:59] Jürgen Habermas was one of those philosophers
[00:28:03] who were greatly welcomed in Iran. Why? What
[00:28:07] ideas in his political philosophy gained attention
[00:28:10] in Iran? Habermas is not a pacifist
[00:28:13] at all costs. In Eastern Europe, in the late
[00:28:17] 1980s, he supported the revolutions that occurred. When it comes
[00:28:21] to his opinion on Israel and Palestine, we see that he becomes
[00:28:24] a German for whom the Holocaust is a red line,
[00:28:28] the only red line. In an era where free and stable
[00:28:32] access to is not always guaranteed, BBC Persian
[00:28:35] selects the best every Thursday with its weekly
[00:28:39] newsletter and sends it directly to your email. By subscribing
[00:28:43] to the BBC Persian newsletter, you will receive a collection
[00:28:46] of the best reports, exclusive videos, and credible
[00:28:50] analyses every week, and stay up-to-date with special
[00:28:53] editions during critical news moments. To receive
[00:28:57] the BBC Persian newsletter, subscribe now.
[00:29:00] There are also methods for obtaining
[00:29:04] information during internet outages. So, if we face another widespread
[00:29:08] and severe outage like the one what will happen? It's not unlikely at all.
[00:29:12] If you have internet, you can get these apps. One way is to get information from satellite
[00:29:15] TV receivers. Another way is to share information among mobile phone users
[00:29:19] without everyone having access to free internet. Seno is a good example.
[00:29:23] Seno is actually an internet browser that is very useful for reading news, especially
[00:29:27] during internet outages or disruptions. The logic is that
[00:29:30] users don't just read content for themselves, but when they open that content,
[00:29:34] it becomes available to others as well. If someone can connect
[00:29:38] to the internet and open content from websites like BBC Farsi with the Seno browser,
[00:29:41] that content enters the Seno network. Then,
[00:29:45] other users who have Seno, even with a limited or unstable connection,
[00:29:49] can receive the same content through this network. Now, with this internet outage,
[00:29:52] we have practically gone back many years. Bluetooth is a communication
[00:29:56] method that still works. Now, using the same method of the Bluetooth network,
[00:30:00] there are apps for messaging. One of them that has become very popular
[00:30:03] is the Bitchat app. It was created by Jack Dorsey, the person
[00:30:07] who previously launched Twitter. It is available for both Apple devices and Android.
[00:30:11] It is built on blockchain and its security is high. Its code is available as open source
[00:30:15] to technical people, which makes it more secure. And
[00:30:18] now, on BBC
[00:30:23] Farsi Television, science.
[00:30:26] علم.