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20260808 223000 UTC
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[00:00:30] Hormuz, at the same time as new attacks on ships,
[00:00:33] Tehran says that the prerequisite for reopening this waterway
[00:00:37] is America's acceptance
[00:00:38] of its conditions.
[00:00:41] Reports of the US Army Chief of Staff's warning to
[00:00:45] Trump's advisors. Milley said that a way
[00:00:48] must be found to exit the war with Iran.
[00:00:51] The pressure of war, sanctions, and
[00:00:53] naval blockade on Iran's
[00:00:57] dilapidated economy. Pezeshkian says the ways of importing
[00:01:00] goods have been closed. High prices are a real thing.
[00:01:03] They closed our way. We used to bring it
[00:01:06] cheaply. We used to bring it through an easy route. Now
[00:01:10] we have to turn around and bring it into the country
[00:01:13] through different ways.
[00:01:16] Environmental concerns about the Strait of Hormuz
[00:01:19] remaining closed. Accumulation of invasive aquatic species
[00:01:23] threatens shipping and marine ecosystems. Hello and welcome
[00:01:25] to this news program.
[00:01:44] I am Farnoud Amerishahi. While American officials say
[00:01:48] that an agreement between Iran and Oman for
[00:01:51] reopening the Strait of Hormuz is near, Tehran
[00:01:55] insists that the reopening of this waterway is conditional
[00:01:58] on America accepting its terms.
[00:02:01] The Iranian Foreign Minister said that Tehran and Muscat
[00:02:04] have reached an agreement on a new shipping
[00:02:08] route, but the reopening of this waterway requires
[00:02:11] other conditions, including compensation for violations
[00:02:15] of the Islamabad agreement by America. Meanwhile, Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian
[00:02:19] has defended negotiations with the US to reach
[00:02:22] a favorable agreement. Kasra Naji reports.
[00:02:25] Images
[00:02:28] of American forces disembarking
[00:02:30] on an Iranian oil tanker in the Sea of Oman.
[00:02:34] The US says that if an agreement is reached between Iran and Oman,
[00:02:37] the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz will end
[00:02:41] Iran's naval blockade. But the Iranian side apparently
[00:02:45] is not in a hurry. The reopening of the Strait
[00:02:47] of Hormuz has its own specific mechanism
[00:02:51] and has no relation to the negotiations between Iran
[00:02:54] and Oman. The Strait of Hormuz, as the opening
[00:02:58] of the Strait of Hormuz, is in fact subject to conditions
[00:03:02] that the Islamic Republic will open based
[00:03:05] on those conditions, and that also
[00:03:08] depends on the extent of America's
[00:03:11] acceptance of the conditions that the Islamic Republic
[00:03:15] of Iran sets. Today an Emirati ship
[00:03:19] was targeted here in the Strait of Hormuz, something that fuels
[00:03:23] the war. An action that hardliners welcome.
[00:03:26] Something that ties the government's hands for negotiation and
[00:03:57] his decision to sign a memorandum of understanding
[00:04:00] to end the war with the US. They criticize
[00:04:04] with harsh words: "We have a president who has no understanding,
[00:04:08] may God know what to do with the Guardian Council, who approved such
[00:04:11] a disaster. And may God curse that wicked, accursed Marandi
[00:04:15] who crammed this into the throats of our nation.
[00:04:19] What did we give to America? We had many achievements.
[00:04:22] Why do you give the people false information?" The skill
[00:04:26] is that the President of Iran, who apparently has given up hope
[00:04:30] on using state television to convey his message to the people,
[00:04:34] today, on Journalists' Day, asked journalists for help
[00:04:37] on how to convey a message, how to give a message,
[00:04:41] how to create an atmosphere where unity and cohesion
[00:04:44] can be formed within the country. That is
[00:04:47] your skill. The lack of national cohesion
[00:04:50] is now a source of concern for many in Iran, including here
[00:04:54] in Chabahar, in southeastern Iran, which in recent
[00:04:58] months has been on the front line of the war with the US.
[00:05:02] Concerns about differences that could
[00:05:05] lead the country to more wars.
[00:05:09] Kasra Naji, BBC. Alireza Namvar Haghighi,
[00:05:15] political analyst on Iranian affairs from Toronto, Canada,
[00:05:19] is with us. Welcome, Mr. Namvar Haghighi. Mr. Pezeshkian,
[00:05:23] when asked today about the resignation of the Secretary
[00:05:26] of the Supreme National Security Council, said that there are differences
[00:05:29] and he is trying to resolve them. What are
[00:05:33] these differences that have now manifested externally?
[00:05:36] Yes, my dear Ms. Amirshahi, and dear viewers
[00:05:39] and listeners of BBC Persian Television,
[00:05:42] these differences are related to the type
[00:05:45] of management and the challenges within the power bloc.
[00:05:49] Apparently, Mr. Zolgadr
[00:05:51] still, despite being the Secretary of the Supreme National Security
[00:05:55] Council and having been appointed to this position
[00:05:59] by Mr. Pezeshkian, has not yet received
[00:06:02] the Supreme Leader's representation. This is one point.
[00:06:05] The second point is about the management
[00:06:09] of state media and the effects
[00:06:12] of negative propaganda and sometimes
[00:06:16] malicious attacks against
[00:06:20] decisions, especially regarding
[00:06:22] the memorandum of understanding. Well, Mr. Zolgadr is opposed
[00:06:26] and the Supreme National Security Council
[00:06:29] is the superior decision-making body
[00:06:32] in the field of foreign policy and the surrounding
[00:06:35] environment. And well, television is deviating
[00:06:38] from this path and is actually sabotaging.
[00:06:41] Therefore, there is disagreement on this
[00:06:45] issue, but proposals have been made for Mr. Ali
[00:06:48] Bagheri or Mr. Mohsen Rezaei to replace him. He resigned,
[00:06:52] but Mr. Pezeshkian has not accepted
[00:06:56] it. The reason is that Mr. Pezeshkian's disposition generally does not align
[00:07:00] with Mr. Rezaei's, and of course, none of
[00:07:03] these reports have been officially confirmed and are still
[00:07:07] rumors. But Mr. Namvar Haghighi,
[00:07:10] anyway, we are seeing that while it is being said that negotiations
[00:07:14] are progressing, there was even talk that an initial
[00:07:18] framework has been reached. But today,
[00:07:21] for example, we hear from the IRGC spokesman that other conditions are also
[00:07:25] being discussed and we will not reopen the Strait
[00:07:29] unless America accepts our conditions. Why are these obstacles
[00:07:33] being created by the hardline conservative
[00:07:36] and powerful faction? Well,
[00:07:40] first and foremost, the most important issue was
[00:07:44] this very memorandum that was signed.
[00:07:47] It was the best thing Iran could get. Mr. Pezeshkian also
[00:07:50] confirmed it, and unfortunately, based
[00:07:54] on some calculations for which no one took responsibility,
[00:07:58] when Mr. Pezeshkian was on a trip, those Saudi
[00:08:01] ships were shelled, and again,
[00:08:04] the Arabian Gulf,
[00:08:07] which has caused 4-5 billion dollars in damages to the country,
[00:08:11] and now it is not clear if these negotiations
[00:08:14] can return us to that
[00:08:17] memorandum. That memorandum and due to that shelling,
[00:08:21] Iran's oil and petrochemical sales exemption was also revoked,
[00:08:24] so both ships are stuck in Kharg
[00:08:27] and Iran's naval blockade has started again.
[00:08:30] The reason is that some of these factions
[00:08:34] are opposed. One is that strategically
[00:08:38] and in their view, Iran and
[00:08:42] the US cannot really enter into an understanding
[00:08:45] and even move towards normalization, because
[00:08:48] the understanding is about development,
[00:08:52] peace and the path to development. Because Iran has
[00:08:56] no other way if it wants to develop, and when you want
[00:09:00] the first sanctions to be lifted, 300 billion dollars
[00:09:03] to be invested, Iran must respect the US
[00:09:07] and the US must respect Iran, and also
[00:09:11] whatever you wanted to tie with me.
[00:09:16] Well, opposing political groups in Iran are not willing.
[00:09:19] They believe that in this atmosphere, the government
[00:09:23] will face crisis and decline, and they believe
[00:09:26] that if this path continues, it will benefit them more. The second
[00:09:29] point is about the Strait of Hormuz. They have a wrong calculation
[00:09:33] about the Strait of Hormuz and think that this is a bottleneck
[00:09:37] through which they can pressure and get whatever they want, while
[00:09:40] in practice, it seems this will not happen and
[00:09:44] it can lead to a comprehensive war and create
[00:09:48] a global consensus against Iran. In addition, the third
[00:09:51] point that these opposing and military factions
[00:09:55] do not consider is that they underestimate
[00:09:58] Iran's economic resilience, meaning that with
[00:10:02] a comprehensive blockade
[00:10:04] and the inability to sell
[00:10:07] oil, Iran's economy
[00:10:11] Thank you for everything Mr. Pezeshkian also mentioned
[00:10:15] Alireza Namvar Haghighi, political analyst on Iranian affairs. Thank you
[00:10:18] very much. US Vice President
[00:10:22] J.D. Vance says that Tehran has assured Washington
[00:10:26] that it will allow the maximum possible amount
[00:10:29] of oil to pass through the Strait of Hormuz. But the US will verify
[00:10:33] this promise of the Iranian government. This is while Iran says
[00:10:37] that negotiations with Oman have nothing to do with the reopening
[00:10:40] of the Strait of Hormuz, and for the reopening of this waterway, Washington
[00:10:43] must accept Tehran's conditions. Meanwhile, CNN has reported
[00:10:47] that the US Army Chief of Staff privately told
[00:10:51] senior advisors to Donald Trump that the US must find
[00:10:55] a way to exit the war with Iran, because existing military options
[00:10:59] for escalating the conflict could be counterproductive.
[00:11:02] Our correspondent Shideh Hooshmandi is with us live from Washington.
[00:11:06] Shideh, let's start with J.D. Vance, who on the one hand
[00:11:10] expresses hope that negotiations are progressing, but on the other
[00:11:14] hand says we don't trust the Iranian side's words.
[00:11:16] Yes,
[00:11:18] this ambiguity adds to the ambiguity for those
[00:11:22] who look very pessimistically at the ongoing negotiations.
[00:11:26] But Mr. Vance says that the Iranians
[00:11:29] told him that they are going to
[00:11:33] reach a mechanism that Iran will not shoot
[00:11:37] at commercial ships, and the amount of
[00:11:41] oil and gas traffic will return to the level
[00:11:45] that it was before the war.
[00:11:47] He says they are in the process of determining this mechanism,
[00:11:51] but at the same time, he says that the Iranians have laid a large number of mines.
[00:11:55] This mine clearance also needs to be done to ensure
[00:11:58] safe passage for ships,
[00:12:02] and this situation actually
[00:12:05] shows the dual nature
[00:12:07] of the negotiations with Oman.
[00:12:10] At the same time, he says that
[00:12:14] Iran has also announced that it will not
[00:12:17] collect any tolls from ships, but this is while we
[00:12:20] have heard from Iranian officials that there is talk
[00:12:24] of 5 to 7 percent in tolls. Therefore, this again
[00:12:28] creates a question mark. Mr. Vance says that we must
[00:12:32] see in practice what the Iranian side will
[00:12:35] actually do. All the countries of the Persian Gulf
[00:12:39] want security to return to this vital waterway,
[00:12:41] but the reality is that it needs
[00:12:45] to be verified, and we need to see what
[00:12:48] Iran will do this time in practice. But we know
[00:12:51] that the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
[00:13:29] the IRGC are emphasizing it and are counting on it to advance US goals to a certain extent, and it doesn't necessarily achieve Washington's strategic and political goals. CNN reports this
[00:13:32] from informed sources, but Mr. King had previously
[00:13:35] mentioned these issues in his speech to Congress.
[00:13:39] He said that if the US wants to maintain its power
[00:13:43] and superiority, it must use other tools, such as economic
[00:13:46] tools and diplomacy. He also
[00:13:50] warned about military strategic
[00:13:53] reserves,
[00:13:55] which could be challenging
[00:13:59] for the United States in the long run
[00:14:02] if a conflict arises elsewhere
[00:14:05] in the world. Thank you, Shida.
[00:14:09] Shida Hooshmandi from Washington.
[00:14:12] Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian says that he is more concerned
[00:14:16] about people's livelihoods than war. In a meeting
[00:14:20] with journalists, he said that the way for goods
[00:14:23] to enter Iran has been closed,
[00:14:25] and the government does not even have enough resources for gasoline.
[00:14:29] In these circumstances, the economic and naval blockade of Iran persists.
[00:14:33] The fate of negotiations with the US regarding
[00:14:36] the mechanism for reopening the Strait of Hormuz is still
[00:14:40] unclear, and Tehran adds
[00:14:42] new conditions to the table every day.
[00:14:45] Where does the Iranian government get its foreign exchange?
[00:14:48] This has been the main concern of the government
[00:14:51] in Iran for years, and now the naval blockade
[00:14:55] by the US has dealt another severe blow to
[00:14:59] Iran's crisis-ridden economy. A matter that has
[00:15:02] led to a sharp decrease in foreign exchange
[00:15:05] revenue for Iran. It was expected that
[00:15:09] Iran's recent agreement with the US would address
[00:15:13] part of this budget deficit. But the resumption of war
[00:15:17] after the attack on several oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz
[00:15:19] squandered this opportunity. During the temporary lifting
[00:15:23] of the blockade, Tehran exported a large portion of its floating
[00:15:27] oil reserves from the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman,
[00:15:31] worth 6 billion dollars. Now, Iranian President
[00:15:34] Masoud Pezeshkian, on the second anniversary of his inauguration,
[00:15:37] defended the Islamabad agreement with the US
[00:15:41] at a press conference, because under it, Iran could
[00:15:45] export oil products and bring back part of its blocked
[00:15:48] funds to the country. Sanctions are a reality.
[00:15:52] When we can't sell our oil,
[00:15:55] we won't have foreign exchange. Now, the pressure on our
[00:15:58] government is at its maximum. Mr. Pezeshkian, defending the removal
[00:16:02] of preferential foreign exchange, says that if this had not
[00:16:05] been done earlier, famine would have been certain in wartime.
[00:16:09] God helped us. If this had not happened and
[00:16:12] war had started, there would have been
[00:16:16] a definite scarcity in the market. We wouldn't have had
[00:16:19] the 28-rial dollar to give, and they wouldn't
[00:16:23] have sold goods with the free market dollar. Sanctions,
[00:16:26] which in past years have meant more expensive
[00:16:29] goods and poverty for the people, have poured billions of dollars
[00:16:33] into the pockets of middlemen who are trusted by the government
[00:16:36] and sell Iranian oil on the black market
[00:16:40] during sanctions, and return the money indirectly
[00:16:43] to the country – of course, not always
[00:16:47] and not all of it. Government officials have repeatedly
[00:16:50] reported the disappearance of billions of dollars
[00:16:54] by these trusted individuals. If I could
[00:16:56] get a privilege, get a dollar that
[00:17:00] was different from the market, eventually, billions of dollars
[00:17:04] would automatically come in. We had to eliminate these.
[00:17:09] Apparently, Mr. Pezeshkian has not forgotten where
[00:17:12] the December protests began – the Tehran market. Protests
[00:17:16] that were sparked by rising prices and the livelihood crisis,
[00:17:20] and quickly turned into the biggest domestic crisis
[00:17:23] in the history of the Islamic Republic.
[00:17:27] With these pressures they are imposing, they want to make people dissatisfied
[00:17:30] and, so to speak, force them
[00:17:33] into protest. The president here speaks of privatization.
[00:17:37] Another source for compensating the budget
[00:17:40] deficit of Saipa and other parts,
[00:17:44] even various other companies, is currently on the agenda
[00:17:48] to be handed over as much as possible.
[00:17:51] In November 2019, when the government raised
[00:17:54] fuel prices to compensate for the budget deficit, it led to
[00:17:58] widespread protests in the country, which ended with the killing of hundreds.
[00:18:02] Amidst the government's efforts to find new
[00:18:05] financial resources, oil exports from Kharg
[00:18:09] Island have practically stopped, meaning the US has
[00:18:12] placed its foot on the throat of Iran's economy.
[00:18:15] Under the shadow of sanctions and war, many Iranians
[00:18:19] have been putting a brave face on it. Apparently,
[00:18:22] the government is also struggling with a severe shortage of foreign currency.
[00:18:26] This raises many questions, including what if Iran
[00:18:30] does not reach an agreement with the US and sanctions
[00:18:34] are not lifted? Where will the government get money?
[00:18:52] It's worse than before. In this situation where he says he has no
[00:18:56] money at all and can't even import goods,
[00:18:59] and is barely able to provide for the people's
[00:19:02] daily needs, how can the government cover
[00:19:06] its expenses? Well,
[00:19:09] the government has tried to do this by printing
[00:19:12] money, meaning the most liquid resource it has.
[00:19:16] Why? Because if we consider
[00:19:20] other resources, for example,
[00:19:23] the sale of bonds, it has not been welcomed
[00:19:27] according to the statistics we have. The government's
[00:19:30] plans have not progressed as predicted in the budget.
[00:19:34] On the other hand, oil revenues are limited
[00:19:38] and becoming more limited. But at the same time,
[00:19:41] the resources that are acquired
[00:19:45] must be allocated to war, to commanders, to the Islamic
[00:19:48] Revolutionary Guard Corps, to the government's proxies, and of course,
[00:19:52] to war expenditures. Therefore, the only remaining
[00:19:55] way is to actually create money
[00:19:58] without backing. Statistics also confirm this.
[00:20:02] This action causes
[00:20:05] inflation, which is described as
[00:20:09] reaching into people's pockets. Can
[00:20:13] these solutions truly solve
[00:20:16] Iran's economic problem or at least
[00:20:20] compensate for the government's expenses?
[00:20:24] Absolutely not. As other ways,
[00:20:28] such as selling government assets or this
[00:20:31] so-called privatization that ultimately leads
[00:20:35] to privatization, it's naturally
[00:20:37] impossible for these measures to work.
[00:20:41] And if we look at the inflation figures,
[00:20:44] the increase in liquidity, the monetary base, and
[00:20:47] other variables such as, for example,
[00:20:51] gross domestic product, we see that while
[00:20:55] we are witnessing a contraction in the real sector
[00:20:58] of the economy, meaning what is called
[00:21:01] gross domestic product, on the other hand, liquidity
[00:21:05] is increasing, and this actually leads to inflation.
[00:21:09] But this inflation that exists,
[00:21:13] how can it continue? And the government,
[00:21:16] no one else can give you a convincing
[00:21:20] answer. Excuse me, a question arises here. Some
[00:21:24] economists say that one of the government's
[00:21:27] solutions has been to increase the cost
[00:21:31] of its services, for example, electricity prices have increased
[00:21:34] or services that the government provides. Can
[00:21:38] these increases compensate for the
[00:21:41] government's shortages? Absolutely not. This is because
[00:21:45] the increase in electricity or water tariffs
[00:21:48] or other services that the government provides,
[00:21:52] or simultaneously the reduction in the supply
[00:21:55] of government services and making them more expensive,
[00:21:58] like, for example, the deteriorating quality
[00:22:02] of education or healthcare, or the increasing cost
[00:22:05] of healthcare, has practically failed to create
[00:22:08] this balance in the budget. Therefore, the only remaining
[00:22:12] way is to print money without backing, and of course,
[00:22:16] it should be noted that a significant portion
[00:22:20] of this existing budget deficit, which has made the government
[00:22:23] more powerless, is related to the costs associated with
[00:22:27] corruption and rent-seeking given to government media
[00:22:30] or institutions of soft and hard repression.
[00:22:34] If the government wants to take a positive
[00:22:37] step to curb inflation, it must first eliminate
[00:22:41] rent-seeking expenditures, which the government,
[00:22:44] because it needs these institutions of repression,
[00:22:48] both soft and hard, cannot do. Therefore,
[00:22:52] the only remaining way is what I told
[00:22:55] you, namely an increase in liquidity,
[00:22:58] the monetary base, and consequently continued inflation, which
[00:23:02] is expected to increase even further in the coming months.
[00:23:06] Thank you very much, Ahmad Alavi, economic researcher. Two brief
[00:23:10] news items.
[00:23:12] Iranian media reported the abduction and murder
[00:23:15] of Hamidreza Rajabzadeh, a religious eulogist. According
[00:23:19] to these reports, an image of the moment Mr. Rajabzadeh
[00:23:22] was abducted was sent to his family more than two weeks
[00:23:26] after his disappearance. A video has also been circulated on social
[00:23:30] media showing a person resembling Mr. Rajabzadeh on the ground,
[00:23:34] appearing to be bloody. Some pro-government sources
[00:23:38] attributed this murder to Israeli agents. Tasnim News Agency
[00:23:42] reported that four people involved in his murder were arrested.
[00:23:45] Riding electric scooters
[00:23:48] in Paris
[00:23:50] without adhering to new safety regulations will result
[00:23:54] in fines. Currently, the fine for not wearing a helmet
[00:23:57] while riding is equivalent to more than $150.
[00:24:01] Not wearing a reflective vest also carries a $40
[00:24:05] fine. According to the police, as the use of electric
[00:24:09] scooters increases daily, accidents have also increased.
[00:24:12] Last year, nearly 80 people died in these accidents
[00:24:16] and more than a thousand were seriously injured. Scientists and researchers
[00:24:22] are reporting a major environmental threat
[00:24:26] that, with the closure of the Strait of Hormuz,
[00:24:29] threatens the ecosystem of the Persian Gulf, the Sea of Oman,
[00:24:33] and other parts of the world. According to them, invasive
[00:24:36] species of aquatic animals attach themselves to the hull of any
[00:24:40] ship that remains motionless in the water. Not only are they difficult
[00:24:44] to remove, but they also destroy other marine species and cause
[00:24:48] severe damage to the ship itself and the shipping industry. Siavash
[00:24:51] now has more details.
[00:24:53] Amidst the war between Iran and the US over
[00:24:57] control of the Strait of Hormuz, a common and silent
[00:25:00] enemy is being created beneath these waters.
[00:25:04] The closure of the Strait of Hormuz means
[00:25:07] hundreds of ships remaining motionless in the region's
[00:25:11] waters, and this is a breeding ground
[00:25:14] for invasive species that attach to ship hulls.
[00:25:17] In the shipping industry, these organisms are known
[00:25:21] as biofouling or bioaccumulators.
[00:25:24] A costly nuisance for shipping,
[00:25:27] both commercial, recreational, and military.
[00:25:31] The journal Biological Invasions, in its research,
[00:25:35] described this issue as a huge threat to
[00:25:39] global biosecurity. Where is the problem?
[00:25:42] Bioaccumulators are not just harmless and innocent
[00:25:46] species that are easily cleaned from a ship's hull.
[00:25:50] When they settle on a ship's surface,
[00:25:53] they multiply rapidly and turn every ship
[00:25:57] into a carrier of various types of microbes
[00:26:00] and bacteria that can destroy the native species
[00:26:04] of any region. When these invasive
[00:26:07] species themselves, such as black mussels,
[00:26:11] microscopic algae, and sea squirts, detach
[00:26:15] from the ship's hull, they quickly tighten their grip
[00:26:17] on other species in the ecosystem. With the prolonged
[00:26:21] stagnation of ships in the Persian Gulf
[00:26:24] and the Sea of Oman, the primary threat is
[00:26:27] to the ecosystem of these waters. And when these ships
[00:26:30] sail from other parts of the world, they bring the same
[00:26:34] problems to other ecosystems. But this is not
[00:26:37] just an environmental issue. The shipping industry
[00:26:41] spends $30 to $50 billion annually
[00:26:44] to combat marine bioaccumulators. These
[00:26:47] invasive species not only damage ship engines,
[00:26:51] but they also cause ships to consume up to
[00:26:54] 40% more fuel to move,
[00:26:57] and greater fuel consumption means more pollution
[00:27:01] of the waters and the atmosphere.
[00:27:20] In Persian Gulf ports, like many other ports
[00:27:24] in the world, these wastes are not collected.
[00:27:27] Perhaps with new agreements between the countries involved
[00:27:30] in the war, ships will soon
[00:27:37] start moving. A portion of the tolls that Iran and Oman are trying
[00:27:41] to collect from ships will be used to address
[00:27:44] the environmental issues of the region's waters.
[00:27:48] Siavash Ardalan, BBC.
[00:27:49] We have reached
[00:27:54] the end of this news segment. Thank you for
[00:27:56] joining us.