BBCPERSIAN — broadcast
20260915 180000 UTC
442 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (https://www.gdeltproject.org/), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive.
Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record.

[00:00:00] The Islamic Republic, in its current critical and vital
[00:00:04] situation, has been forced to ignore the restrictions and boundaries
[00:00:07] that it has imposed throughout
[00:00:11] all the years of its existence for women's voices
[00:00:14] to be heard,
[00:00:16] and
[00:00:24] now on BBC Farsi TV. Hello,
[00:00:27] I am Nazanin Motamedi.
[00:01:02] In this program, at 37 degrees, we talk
[00:01:06] about tooth erosion, a very common problem
[00:01:09] whose treatment is both expensive and complicated, but it has
[00:01:13] simple preventive ways. And later in the program,
[00:01:16] if you feel left behind by others
[00:01:19] by browsing social networks, what should we do with the anxiety
[00:01:22] caused by this feeling? How do we not let the use of social
[00:01:26] networks turn into severe dependence and addiction?
[00:01:33] Have you heard anything about tooth erosion?
[00:01:36] Unlike tooth decay, in tooth erosion, all teeth
[00:01:39] are affected. The surface of the tooth or enamel disappears,
[00:01:43] the color of the tooth changes, and the teeth become shorter, and finally,
[00:01:47] speech becomes difficult, and the teeth lose their function.
[00:01:50] Given the high cost of dental services,
[00:01:54] it's good to know about it, especially since some of our daily habits, which we even
[00:01:58] consider useful, are related to tooth erosion.
[00:02:00] When
[00:02:03] we were children, we were always warned about tooth decay,
[00:02:06] how sweets and chocolates harm our teeth.
[00:02:10] But
[00:02:12] until recently, I hadn't heard anything about tooth erosion,
[00:02:16] especially for a problem that is so
[00:02:19] common in the world.
[00:02:23] 33% of people have tooth erosion,
[00:02:26] meaning one out of every three people, which is a lot.
[00:02:31] What happens in tooth erosion? Tooth erosion means
[00:02:35] the dissolution of the tooth surface by acids present in
[00:02:39] food. When the surface or enamel of the tooth
[00:02:42] wears away, since it has no living cells, it cannot
[00:02:46] regenerate itself. Therefore, any damage to the enamel
[00:02:49] is permanent damage. The
[00:02:53] amazing thing is that the cause of tooth erosion are habits
[00:02:57] that we consider healthy and beneficial.
[00:03:01] I came to King's College London to see a researcher who
[00:03:05] has been researching tooth erosion and ways to prevent it for years.
[00:03:09] One
[00:03:12] of the members of this group is Dr. Charalambos.
[00:03:14] To
[00:03:17] show me the cause of tooth erosion, Dr. Charalambos
[00:03:20] conducts an experiment on me. What
[00:03:24] we are going to do now is to measure the acid level
[00:03:27] in your mouth before you drink anything.
[00:04:01] We want to measure the time it takes for your mouth's pH to return
[00:04:04] to normal. The acidity of my mouth
[00:04:08] immediately drops to 4.7, and it takes 18
[00:04:12] seconds to return to a safe, neutral state.
[00:04:15] Now, this time, when drinking, hold
[00:04:19] it in your mouth for 10 seconds, then
[00:04:22] swallow it. This way, both
[00:04:25] the acidity of my mouth increased and it took
[00:04:29] 5 times longer for the environment inside my mouth
[00:04:32] to return to neutral. All right,
[00:04:35] now this time, rinse the orange juice in your mouth
[00:04:39] like a mouthwash for about 10 seconds, and
[00:04:41] then swallow
[00:04:44] it. This time, the pH dropped to three, and it took
[00:04:48] almost 10 minutes for the mouth environment to return to neutral.
[00:04:50] What happened that this time my mouth environment remained acidic
[00:04:54] for such a long time? This experiment showed that holding
[00:04:58] a drink in your mouth for too long or swirling
[00:05:02] it in your mouth causes significantly more damage
[00:05:05] to your teeth. Therefore, the best
[00:05:09] way to protect your teeth from erosion
[00:05:42] is not only oranges. Among the drinks that seem healthy to us,
[00:05:46] fruit tea, lemon in hot water, and drinks flavored with fruits
[00:05:50] also have the same destructive effect on teeth.
[00:05:53] What is the difference between tooth decay
[00:05:56] and tooth
[00:05:58] erosion?
[00:06:01] The cause of tooth erosion is food acids
[00:06:04] or stomach acid. Tooth decay is due to
[00:06:07] bacteria that settle on the teeth. They feed
[00:06:11] on the sugar in our diet and cause
[00:06:14] cavities to form on the teeth. Now let's compare
[00:06:18] the effect of different drinks on tooth erosion.
[00:06:21] We place samples of tooth enamel in orange juice,
[00:06:25] soda, non-carbonated doogh,
[00:06:27] and fruit tea.
[00:06:29] It's
[00:06:35] been an hour. The damage done to the tooth
[00:06:39] enamel in this time is equivalent to someone
[00:06:42] drinking three drinks
[00:06:45] a day for two days. Here we have four different microscopic
[00:06:49] images. The damage caused by erosion is the dark line
[00:06:52] in the middle of the samples. Soda
[00:06:56] is the one that causes the most damage to tooth enamel. You can
[00:06:59] see that it has eroded about 10 microns
[00:07:02] of the tooth. The damage from non-carbonated
[00:07:05] doogh is very slight. So slight that it's as
[00:07:09] if it caused no damage at all. How interesting.
[00:07:13] In addition to carbonated drinks, alcoholic beverages,
[00:07:17] citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppers, and anything that contains
[00:07:20] vinegar, such as various pickles, ketchup, and even chips,
[00:07:24] due to their high acidity, increase
[00:07:28] the rate of tooth erosion. Whenever you
[00:07:31] eat or drink something, it takes time for your
[00:07:34] mouth's pH to return to a neutral and normal state. But this does not
[00:07:38] mean that we should eliminate healthy acidic foods from our diet.
[00:07:42] There
[00:07:44] are many things that can be done to minimize tooth erosion. For example,
[00:07:47] try to consume acidic
[00:07:51] drinks or foods during main meals,
[00:07:54] not as a snack. For example, drink
[00:07:58] orange juice with lunch or immediately
[00:08:01] before or after it. Research
[00:08:04] has shown that if we drink two cups of acidic drinks
[00:08:07] between main meals daily, the likelihood of
[00:08:11] severe erosion
[00:08:17] is higher. I never thought that some of these drinks would have such an effect
[00:08:21] on our teeth. We only have one set of teeth for most of our lives, so we should
[00:08:25] be careful with them. Fortunately, there are things
[00:08:28] that can be done to reduce enamel damage.
[00:08:30] You can eat a calcium-rich food
[00:08:34] after consuming an acidic substance, for example, a piece
[00:08:37] of cheese, or eat your fruit with yogurt,
[00:08:40] because calcium helps
[00:08:42] to minimize tooth erosion and to
[00:08:46] restore minerals. Tea or
[00:08:50] coffee and certainly water do not cause tooth erosion.
[00:08:53] Instead of fruit tea, drink green tea.
[00:08:56] Be careful that some herbal teas that contain
[00:08:59] citrus are highly acidic. If you want
[00:09:03] to flavor your water, instead of lemon, use
[00:09:06] cucumber, mint, or rosemary. And always
[00:09:10] have sugar-free gum with you, because gum increases
[00:09:13] your saliva production, which helps protect
[00:09:17] your teeth from acid.
[00:09:19] Dr. Amir Ataie Kachoee, a dentist and former lecturer
[00:09:23] of various dental courses at King's College London,
[00:09:27] is our guest. Dr. Ataie was a finalist
[00:09:30] for the best young dentist in Britain in 2016. Welcome,
[00:09:34] Dr. Thank you for your invitation. How do we know if our teeth
[00:09:38] are eroded? Well, there are symptoms such as tooth sensitivity
[00:09:41] to drinks or sweets, or
[00:09:45] discoloration of the teeth towards a darker shade because the tooth enamel
[00:09:48] becomes thinner or sometimes disappears, and the dentin of the tooth
[00:09:52] is darker in color, and tooth decay
[00:09:55] at a faster rate, or the shortening of the teeth
[00:09:59] aesthetically, or the presence of certain grooves at the side of the teeth. These
[00:10:02] are symptoms that patients might be able to notice that this is happening.
[00:10:06] What habits exacerbate tooth erosion or cause
[00:10:10] tooth erosion? It can be due to
[00:10:14] acidic drinks or
[00:10:18] acidic factors originating from inside the body.
[00:10:22] For example, people who consume a lot
[00:10:24] of carbonated drinks, or alcoholic beverages can
[00:10:28] also do this. Research has shown that even diet
[00:10:32] sodas are even more acidic than regular sodas.
[00:10:35] Things like fruit leathers, tamarinds,
[00:10:39] and limes are very bad. Or people who have stomach problems,
[00:10:43] acid reflux from the stomach to the mouth. Or
[00:10:46] diseases like bulimia, anorexia, where people
[00:10:49] intentionally do this to lose weight
[00:10:53] or not eat too much.
[00:10:55] Another category is due to what we call attrition
[00:10:58] in medicine, and that is due to excessive
[00:11:02] pressure that patients apply to their teeth
[00:11:05] during chewing or during sleep or wakefulness, which we
[00:11:09] colloquially call clenching or bruxism. Is that the same as teeth grinding?
[00:11:13] Yes, teeth grinding. In a way that they grind them together
[00:11:17] excessively, continuously, and for a long time. This causes these two hard materials,
[00:11:21] like any two other hard materials that you grind together, over
[00:11:24] time, to suffer severe erosion.
[00:11:27] And another factor is also mistakes that people
[00:11:31] might make, such as using very hard toothbrushes.
[00:11:34] For example, people who drink a lot of tea and coffee or smoke
[00:11:38] because their teeth get darker faster, they think that if they use a hard toothbrush,
[00:11:41] they will remove these stains from their teeth faster, and then they brush
[00:11:45] their teeth hard. So both a rough
[00:11:48] brush and hard brushing, yes, or habits
[00:11:52] such as using toothpicks, which we do not recommend at all.
[00:11:55] So what should we do? There is dental floss, which should be used correctly,
[00:11:59] and interdental brushes,
[00:12:03] which are brushes, or floss that has no brush at all, but it cannot
[00:12:06] damage the teeth. But something like a toothpick, because
[00:12:10] it has no brush and is a wooden stick and a relatively hard material, if this is done
[00:12:14] repeatedly over time, it will only damage the teeth.
[00:12:17] Dr. Ataie said in the report that after eating
[00:12:21] acidic foods or
[00:12:25] acidic drinks, it is better to eat cheese or calcium-rich foods.
[00:12:29] Besides cheese, what kind of things can be eaten? I do not recommend
[00:12:32] cream cheeses. Regular cheeses,
[00:12:36] these cheeses, because they are both sticky and high in calcium
[00:12:39] and alkaline, these cause the acidic state of the teeth to return
[00:12:43] quickly, and because they are sticky, they stick to the teeth for a certain extent and give
[00:12:47] calcium to the teeth, because calcium helps the teeth
[00:12:51] return to normal faster. And besides cheese, green
[00:12:55] vegetables like spinach or broccoli or
[00:12:58] cauliflower, these are other foods that can be used
[00:13:02] after acidic drinks. Dr. Ataie,
[00:13:05] if we drink water after eating acidic things, does
[00:13:09] the acidity of the teeth decrease? Well, water may not be able
[00:13:13] to reduce it as quickly or as much as some foods like cheese
[00:13:16] or vegetables that I mentioned, but it doesn't harm
[00:13:20] your teeth either, from a dental perspective,
[00:13:23] because it dilutes the concentration
[00:13:27] of the acidic liquid, and in some parts
[00:13:30] of the world, water also contains fluoride, which also helps regenerate
[00:13:34] teeth. Perhaps it's better than water to use
[00:13:38] things like mint tablets or sugar-free fresheners
[00:13:41] that cause saliva production to be
[00:13:44] faster and better, and since saliva can
[00:13:48] neutralize the acidity of the mouth better and faster
[00:13:51] than water. What should we do to prevent teeth grinding? First,
[00:13:55] the person needs to become somewhat aware that they are doing this.
[00:13:58] Sometimes it's hidden, and they don't
[00:14:01] realize they're doing it, because the most important factor
[00:14:05] in teeth grinding is stress. Try to reduce your stress
[00:14:08] by doing exercise and breathing exercises.
[00:14:11] People who are used to chewing gum a lot and even think
[00:14:15] it's good for their teeth, because their chewing system gets used
[00:14:19] to excessive chewing and clenching, they are more
[00:14:22] likely to grind their teeth at night.
[00:14:26] And finally, if they see that the problem
[00:14:30] still persists, the best thing to do is to ask their dentist for a
[00:14:33] dental guard, which we call a night guard in English. It is custom-made
[00:14:37] for them. It covers one of their jaws,
[00:14:41] and if they grind their teeth, it prevents their teeth
[00:14:45] from damaging each other and even prevents some damage to the jaw,
[00:14:48] temporomandibular joint, and the chewing
[00:14:52] muscles that are in this area over time.
[00:15:02] The most important part is prevention, after prevention and the elimination of factors
[00:15:05] that cause tooth erosion, and appropriate academic evaluations, treatments
[00:15:09] are in the form of restoration through dental composites or
[00:15:13] gold inlays, and sometimes
[00:15:17] ceramic veneers or also
[00:15:20] ceramic inlays, and sometimes, if necessary, ceramic
[00:15:24] crowns. With gold. Thank you very much, Dr. Ataie, for your kindness.
[00:15:27] You're welcome. Thank you for your
[00:15:28] invitation.
[00:15:35] If you suddenly realize that you have been on
[00:15:38] Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, or other social networks
[00:15:42] for hours, scrolling up and down, you are not alone.
[00:15:45] New research shows that internet users spend an average
[00:15:48] of 2 hours and 24 minutes
[00:15:52] a day on social networks. These networks are now
[00:15:55] a popular and somewhat inevitable part of everyone's
[00:15:59] life, regardless of age. Many positive and useful things
[00:16:02] can be done on these networks that should not be overlooked.
[00:16:06] Our point in this program is not that these networks should not be used,
[00:16:10] but rather we will give you tips so that you can maintain
[00:16:14] your mental health while using these networks,
[00:16:17] because experts say that excessive use of social networks
[00:16:20] may have serious consequences for health and turn into
[00:16:24] severe dependence and addictive behavior, and
[00:16:27] its consequences are similar to other addictions. But when
[00:16:31] is the amount of social media use alarming, and
[00:16:34] when has it reached an addictive state? If
[00:16:38] you spend time on social networks when you need rest and relaxation,
[00:16:42] you should be aware that there is a danger.
[00:16:46] But if you constantly have to check your phone, otherwise you get nervous and agitated,
[00:16:50] this is one of the signs of addiction. If you have face-to-face
[00:16:53] interactions in addition to social networks, that's good. But if you rarely
[00:16:57] see your friends in person or neglect some of
[00:17:00] your responsibilities because of spending time on social networks,
[00:17:03] this is a sign of addiction. If you go to social
[00:17:07] networks to avoid doing something or to postpone it,
[00:17:10] a warning bell has rung for you. But if you take refuge
[00:17:14] in these networks to escape the worries and problems of personal life,
[00:17:18] this can be one of the signs of addiction. If
[00:17:21] how much attention your post receives is very important
[00:17:25] to you, you should distance yourself a little from social networks.
[00:17:28] But if your whole focus is on how many likes or comments
[00:17:32] your post gets, this can be a sign of addiction.
[00:17:36] If you edit your posts to make them more attractive,
[00:17:40] this is a warning sign. But if you change
[00:17:43] aspects of your personality and life to please
[00:17:46] your audience, this is a red flag that you need professional help.
[00:17:49] If you see any of these signs in yourself
[00:17:53] or those around you, be sure to see a mental health professional,
[00:17:56] because there are good solutions to the problem.
[00:18:00] We have a conversation with Dr. Nona Al-Bakrkaraki, Senior Counselor
[00:18:03] at the UK Addiction Treatment Center, who has 18 years
[00:18:06] of experience in treating addictive behaviors in various countries
[00:18:10] around the world. I know you're very busy, and I appreciate you giving
[00:18:14] your time to 37 degrees. Dr. Abu Karaki, why do social
[00:18:17] networks create such dependence?
[00:18:20] His friends say that when
[00:18:23] we spend time on social networks, dopamine is released
[00:18:27] in the brain. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter
[00:18:31] responsible for the feeling of pleasure in the brain. The person
[00:18:34] feels excited by receiving feedback in the form of likes, comments,
[00:18:38] and the number of times a post is seen.
[00:18:42] This makes the brain consider it a rewarding
[00:18:45] activity and want to repeat
[00:18:48] it. When a person prefers
[00:18:52] to be alone and isolated, or is dissatisfied with themselves,
[00:18:55] or is involved in an emotional problem, they are more
[00:18:58] attracted to these networks for more dopamine
[00:19:02] release and may become dependent on them.
[00:19:05] Stay with us. Social networks have many positive effects,
[00:19:09] from staying informed about news to learning knowledge, skills,
[00:19:12] earning income, and so on. Several of the audience of the 37-degree program
[00:19:16] also talked about the negative effects of social networks. News content
[00:19:20] and another cause is lifestyle comparison,
[00:19:23] which causes me to feel anxiety.
[00:19:26] Very rarely, but it has happened that to get more
[00:19:30] reactions on social networks, I have shared an image or text
[00:19:34] that differs from my real face.
[00:19:37] I felt a lot of anxiety because
[00:19:41] there was a time when I had a goal and I hadn't reached
[00:19:44] that goal, and for example, I saw people posting pictures, I don't know,
[00:19:48] of them continuing their education abroad. Oh my god, that person is so
[00:19:52] happy. Everyone is so good now. Everyone is so happy, and these things. Not that I'm
[00:19:56] unhappy with their happiness, but I'm unhappy that I haven't reached
[00:19:59] my goal yet and everyone else has. I became
[00:20:03] a little anxious, and then I felt that I was actually depressed.
[00:20:13] How should we deal with people on social networks?
[00:20:16] On social networks, people constantly compare themselves.
[00:20:20] Their inner selves and their most
[00:20:24] private things, meaning their thoughts and feelings,
[00:20:28] with the flawless and edited external versions
[00:20:31] of others, which in such a comparison,
[00:20:35] we are almost always losers,
[00:20:38] and this is harmful to our mental health
[00:20:42] and our self-perception. The images that are shared
[00:20:44] on Instagram, Facebook, and other platforms are distorted, unrealistic, and filtered.
[00:20:48] In fact, if before, edited photos
[00:20:51] of models were seen in magazines, now on social
[00:20:55] networks, everyone looks perfect. Constant comparison
[00:20:58] of oneself with these images can lead to feelings of shame
[00:21:02] and perfectionism, which often manifest
[00:21:05] as social anxiety disorder.
[00:21:08] How
[00:21:10] do we prevent the use of social networks from becoming excessive?
[00:21:14] There are many practical ways.
[00:21:17] Turn off notifications. Don't check social
[00:21:25] media. Designate a spot in your house as a phone
[00:21:28] parking lot, for example, by the door, somewhere
[00:21:32] there's no chair. Whenever you want to check your phone,
[00:21:35] go there and check it while standing, and then come back. I specifically
[00:21:39] say standing so that you don't feel comfortable
[00:21:42] on the couch checking it. The chances
[00:21:46] of you spending a longer time on these networks
[00:21:48] are higher. Allocate a reasonable
[00:21:52] amount of time to social networks daily.
[00:21:55] Use a timer to adhere to this
[00:21:58] period. Don't take your phones into
[00:22:02] the bedroom at all, and use an alarm clock to wake
[00:22:06] up. Every day, have time for completely
[00:22:09] offline activities that are not related
[00:22:13] to technology, such as exercise,
[00:22:15] reading, or listening to music and things
[00:22:19] like that. Whenever possible, see family
[00:22:23] and friends in person, and don't check social
[00:22:26] media during the visit.
[00:22:28] Delete unnecessary apps and different groups
[00:22:32] in, for example, Telegram, WhatsApp, and reduce the number of your
[00:22:36] friends on social networks. Once a month, don't touch
[00:22:39] your phone at all during the last week. In my opinion, it's doable,
[00:22:43] and the world won't end. Research has shown that
[00:22:47] when life satisfaction increases, dependence on the internet and
[00:22:51] social networks also decreases. It's better for families to go
[00:22:54] out together or do things at home that cause dopamine
[00:22:58] to be released without needing to browse social networks,
[00:23:01] such as board games, card games, puzzles, and things like that.
[00:23:05] Perhaps with these types of activities, the rate of dopamine release may be slower,
[00:23:09] but ultimately, we will be happier.
[00:23:12] Is the fear of being judged on social networks, the fear
[00:23:16] of missing out on an opportunity, or falling behind others
[00:23:20] natural? In my opinion, it's natural as long as it doesn't
[00:23:23] cause you serious problems. We are human, and the fear
[00:23:27] of being judged is in all of us. But when it affects
[00:23:31] a person's normal life and mental health,
[00:23:34] something needs to be done about it. This is what
[00:23:38] we do in psychotherapy sessions.
[00:23:41] We open up the issue of why the judgment of
[00:23:44] others has suddenly become so important
[00:23:48] to us. I use
[00:24:48] techniques. I ask people to talk
[00:24:52] about their mental health problems. I don't talk
[00:24:55] about the events that happen in life.
[00:24:58] Most of us share our most private things with ourselves,
[00:25:02] with our loved ones, and with our psychiatrist and psychotherapist,
[00:25:06] and we share things on social networks
[00:25:09] that we want to. How many people do you
[00:25:12] know who have hundreds and thousands of friends on social
[00:25:16] networks but are actually very lonely?
[00:25:20] What is digital detoxification
[00:25:23] or digital detox? Is it effective, and do you
[00:25:27] use it at the addiction treatment center? In digital detoxification
[00:25:30] or digital detox, individuals consciously stop
[00:25:34] their social media activity. Those who come to our center
[00:25:38] hand in their phones for the first week and don't touch
[00:25:41] them at all unless there's an urgent need.
[00:25:44] Yes, it has an effect because people start
[00:25:48] connecting with
[00:25:52] each other. After
[00:25:54] this one-week
[00:25:58] detox period, people are willing to set
[00:26:01] limits for themselves and spend less
[00:26:05] time on social networks. Taking
[00:26:08] a break from technology, even for a short time, helps
[00:26:11] us to live in the present moment and deeply
[00:26:15] reflect on ourselves and enjoying life. Remember
[00:26:19] that the control over using social networks should be in your
[00:26:22] hands, not in the hands of your accounts
[00:26:26] on these networks. Thank you very much, Dr.
[00:26:30] Al-Bakrkaraki. In the next parts, we will again address excessive
[00:26:34] internet use and talk with reputable global experts about
[00:26:37] online betting, online games, online shopping, and
[00:28:38] There are also ways to get information during internet outages. I mean, if we face
[00:28:42] widespread and complete outages again, like a few days after the gatherings on the 18th and 19th,
[00:28:46] what will happen? It's not at all unlikely. Now that you have internet, you can download this app. One way
[00:28:50] is to get information from satellite TV receivers. Another way is to pass
[00:28:53] information hand-to-hand among mobile phone users without everyone having access to free
[00:28:57] internet. Suna is a good example. Suna is actually a web browser
[00:29:01] that is very useful for reading news, especially during internet
[00:29:05] outages or disruptions. The logic is that users don't just read content for themselves,
[00:29:08] but when they open that content, it becomes available to others as
[00:29:12] well. If someone can connect to the internet and open websites like BBC
[00:29:15] Farsi with the Suna browser, that content enters
[00:29:19] the Suna network. Then other users who have Suna, even with
[00:29:23] a limited or unstable connection, can receive the same content through
[00:29:27] this network. Now that we have these internet outages, we have effectively gone back
[00:29:30] many years. Bluetooth
[00:29:33] is a communication method that still works. Now, using the same Bluetooth method,
[00:29:36] there are messaging apps. One of them that has been very popular is the
[00:29:40] Bitchat app. Jack Dorsey, the person who previously launched Twitter,
[00:29:44] created this. It's available for both Apple devices and Android. It's built
[00:29:48] on blockchain and has high security. Its code is also available as open source
[00:29:51] to tech-savvy people, which makes
[00:29:53] it more reliable.
[00:30:25] The Iranian government's system for monitoring opponents abroad
[00:30:29] is called Alaj. Is the government trying to expand
[00:30:32] repression and threats beyond its borders?
[00:30:36] We ask a writer and former political prisoner why the focus
[00:30:39] on opponents and critics of the Islamic Republic abroad
[00:30:43] has increased. We also ask
[00:30:46] a lawyer if this action and threats have a legal
[00:30:49] basis. Also, in tonight's
[00:30:53] program, Bin Salman's visit to Cairo
[00:30:57] in an attempt to counter the Houthis of Yemen. The Egyptian
[00:31:00] president on free shipping.