BBCPERSIAN — broadcast
20260920 093000 UTC
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[00:00:41] Controversy over the simultaneous holding of the women's marathon and the
[00:00:44] Jan Fada government ceremony in Tehran. The judiciary announced charges
[00:00:47] against the organizers of the race for the participants' lack of hijab.
[00:00:51] We ask a journalist in Paris whether the government's
[00:00:54] sensitivity about the simultaneous holding of this marathon
[00:00:58] is due to the call of its
[00:01:01] supporters. We also ask a sociologist whether the government
[00:01:05] can stop society's movement towards more social
[00:01:09] freedoms. Also in tonight's
[00:01:11] program.
[00:01:13] The halt of activity on Saudi Arabia's East-West oil pipelines became
[00:01:17] clear to the West. Aramco will stop delivering oil to some
[00:01:21] European customers in October. In an interview
[00:01:25] with an energy market analyst, we ask how much of Saudi Arabia's
[00:01:28] oil production has stopped and.
[00:01:40] Tehran is ready
[00:01:42] for a decisive war. Reactions to the government's
[00:01:46] green light for the return of opponents of the US attack on Iran. Critics
[00:01:50] say that one should not act selectively. If
[00:01:54] I want to describe it correctly, I must say that he completely
[00:01:57] lost his temper and then started verbally attacking
[00:02:00] our family. A controversial conversation between
[00:02:03] Diana's brother and King Charles after the death of the former
[00:02:06] Prince of Wales. Buckingham Palace questioned Earl Spencer's memory.
[00:02:22] 60 minutes live from BBC
[00:02:26] in London. Four years after widespread protests
[00:02:30] over the killing of Mahsa Amini in Tehran's morality police detention,
[00:02:34] Tehran witnessed an unprecedented event: a marathon race
[00:02:37] with hundreds of men and women, while most
[00:02:40] of the female participants challenged the compulsory
[00:02:43] hijab. This happened on the very day that the government had called its supporters
[00:02:47] to the streets in another location. Now the issue has become controversial.
[00:02:51] The judiciary has filed charges against the organizers and agents
[00:02:55] of this competition. The spokesperson of the Ministry of Interior
[00:02:58] also called the simultaneous holding of these two events a mistake,
[00:03:02] and the Director General of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province
[00:03:06] said that a pathology session on the marathon issue in
[00:03:09] Velayat Park is currently underway with officials. What is the government doing
[00:03:13] regarding social freedoms? Has the perception of tolerance
[00:03:16] from the government been wrong? We will talk more about this
[00:03:20] issue. First, a report
[00:03:21] Hashemi.
[00:03:24] The Tehran Public Prosecutor's Office announced charges against the organizers
[00:03:28] of the marathon race. The Public Prosecutor's Office says
[00:03:32] that a judicial case has been opened for them because a large number
[00:03:36] of women ran without compulsory hijab.
[00:03:38] The race was 10 kilometers long and was held in
[00:03:42] Velayat Park, Tehran. 500 women and
[00:03:45] 100 men raced separately. Jan Fadayans
[00:03:49] of Iran accompany them. This government exercise of Jan Fadayans
[00:03:52] of Iran, which was held simultaneously in Tehran yesterday,
[00:03:56] with the participation of the IRGC military forces and government supporters.
[00:04:30] It definitely happens, observing
[00:04:33] the laws and even the prevailing customs of the country is
[00:04:36] necessary. All our governors, the Security Council
[00:04:40] and all pillars pay
[00:04:42] attention to it. Habib Sotoudehnejad, Director General
[00:04:46] of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province, said that before the start of the competition,
[00:04:50] athletes were required to sign a commitment to observe
[00:04:53] technical, ethical and Islamic principles, and headbands were given
[00:04:57] to them. The law of preserving the system.
[00:05:01] More than 2300 seminary and university professors and researchers recently
[00:05:05] wrote a letter to the head of the Supreme National Security Council
[00:05:08] and called for the necessity of implementing the Chastity and Hijab Bill.
[00:05:13] One of the most controversial bills of the past few years, the implementation
[00:05:17] of which was postponed at the recommendation of Masoud Pezeshkian and
[00:05:21] by order of the Supreme National Security Council. Well, one side accepts
[00:05:24] hijab, it's the popular culture of the people.
[00:05:28] The other side, in order to create social capital, brings up
[00:05:31] so-called social freedoms. Why?
[00:05:35] Because it benefits
[00:05:38] from Western propaganda, both in cyberspace
[00:05:41] and on television.
[00:05:44] And so on. Well, it wants these two to become social capital. Therefore,
[00:05:47] Mr. Pezeshkian made this his slogan.
[00:05:50] That's why he pursued
[00:05:54] consensus with Mr. Ghalibaf
[00:05:57] so that Mr. Ghalibaf would not become Speaker of Parliament
[00:06:00] unless independents and reformists
[00:06:04] voted for him, and that's what happened.
[00:06:08] When we became responsible, so to speak, we issued a circular
[00:06:11] to everyone that they must come with this
[00:06:15] framework. Of course, we coordinated with the Revolutionary Court and the children
[00:06:19] that we would make this decision tomorrow. The issue of hijab
[00:06:23] and such had not yet come up, although Masoud Pezeshkian was one of the pioneers
[00:06:26] of implementing compulsory hijab in the early years of the revolution,
[00:06:30] but two years ago he said he could not stand against the people and enforce
[00:06:34] the hijab and chastity law. Mr. President
[00:06:36] had an expression that
[00:06:40] I used, that this view
[00:06:43] that we currently have on the issue of hijab, that we think
[00:06:47] by force or by external
[00:06:50] pressure we can change this, is a wrong path.
[00:06:54] And beyond all this, we created a patrol and
[00:06:58] a plan called "Noor" (Light), and
[00:07:02] this plan is darkness.
[00:07:05] The non-observance of compulsory hijab by a large part
[00:07:09] of society's women in the streets is almost normal these days.
[00:07:17] This was achieved due to the widespread struggle of women and men since the Women, Life, Freedom movement. Four years after the killing
[00:07:21] of Mahsa Zhina Amini on the pretext of not observing
[00:07:24] compulsory hijab, now the change in the streets
[00:07:28] is tangible. A change that does not seem
[00:07:32] likely to easily return to before the Mahsa
[00:07:34] movement. Farin Hashemi, BBC
[00:07:37] . Sina Ghambarpoor, social commentator from Paris,
[00:07:41] France.
[00:07:47] If, for example, government supporters were not at that gathering
[00:07:50] and this marathon
[00:07:53] was held, would they have
[00:08:02] that that group from the
[00:08:06] hard core of power, which came to power
[00:08:09] after March 1st and the start of the US attack
[00:08:13] on Iran, they used all their might
[00:08:17] and power to prevent
[00:08:20] the repetition of what we witnessed
[00:08:23] on January 8th and 9th in Tehran and the country
[00:08:26] through street mobilization.
[00:08:30] And they have paid
[00:08:34] a very high price for it until now.
[00:08:37] In practice, the convention held under
[00:08:40] the title of Jan Fada last Friday
[00:08:44] tried to somehow borrow from the title
[00:08:47] given to those killed in January. This
[00:08:51] propaganda
[00:08:53] has been overshadowed
[00:08:55] by that marathon, and as you
[00:08:59] showed in your report,
[00:09:02] Mr. Allahkaram, whom we have known for years
[00:09:05] as the leader of a pressure group,
[00:09:09] is practically saying that we are turning
[00:09:13] a blind eye or overlooking it. We have taken
[00:09:17] a step back, and this shows that the custom has actually changed.
[00:09:20] Now , purely
[00:09:23] the conflict that has been exposed is what
[00:09:26] the government wants to display and has spent heavily
[00:09:30] on, compared to what the people want to see,
[00:09:34] and this is not pleasant
[00:09:36] for those at the top of power.
[00:09:39] Not good. You mentioned that
[00:09:43] those in power do not like
[00:09:47] such scenes, but on the other hand,
[00:09:50] there is a great desire for social
[00:09:53] freedoms. How will this struggle
[00:09:57] continue, especially in wartime, when the country
[00:10:01] is also under economic pressure?
[00:10:05] Unfortunately,
[00:10:07] to put it colloquially,
[00:10:09] a festering wound. Since none of the
[00:10:12] laws related to social freedoms
[00:10:16] have changed, the law that was Article
[00:10:20] 638 of the former
[00:10:23] Islamic Penal Code and considered not
[00:10:27] wearing a hijab as punishable
[00:10:30] is still in place. Now the Hijab and Chastity Bill
[00:10:34] has not been implemented, and that is also there. Many
[00:10:37] other cases, even laws related to the use of
[00:10:41] satellites, are still in effect and
[00:10:45] have not been repealed or rejected,
[00:10:48] and the government can use them at any time.
[00:10:51] Simply put, the change in social
[00:10:55] norms and what women, especially since
[00:10:59] the beginning of the revolution, had started with
[00:11:02] "Woman, Life, Freedom" reached a turning
[00:11:05] point, causing the government to actually step back
[00:11:09] a bit to be able to preserve
[00:11:12] itself. Well, now, will the government
[00:11:16] potentially, for its own preservation,
[00:11:19] even, give in to these laws, to these
[00:11:23] changes, in a formal way?
[00:11:30] You mentioned the satellite law, the enforcement of which was
[00:11:34] almost impossible. Is it possible that they will maintain this
[00:11:38] as it is and then revert to it,
[00:11:41] or perhaps adapt themselves to social
[00:11:43] changes and also accept them?
[00:11:47] It doesn't seem that social changes are reversible,
[00:11:51] and in fact, gradually,
[00:11:55] what people have shown since the "Woman,
[00:11:59] Life, Freedom" movement is that
[00:12:02] these changes are the desire of the young generation,
[00:12:06] especially that group that is Generation Z
[00:12:10] and are now teenagers and young adults. They
[00:12:13] will absolutely not submit to the laws
[00:12:17] that we endured in the 1980s. Therefore, it seems
[00:12:20] that no matter how stubborn they are,
[00:12:23] this painful compromise will eventually lead
[00:12:26] to a point where the people can advance their demands.
[00:12:30] However, in these times, especially during wartime,
[00:12:33] we have witnessed these dual conflicts
[00:12:37] between rich and poor, and we will continue
[00:12:39] to do so. If we talk about political conflict,
[00:12:43] this issue was highly controversial. Now, reformists,
[00:12:47] people like Mr. Pezeshkian, wanted
[00:12:50] things to be easier. They wanted to
[00:12:53] say that there should be tolerance,
[00:12:57] but on the other hand, in a different way,
[00:13:00] these conflicts might start again
[00:13:04] within the government, and that
[00:13:07] old wound might reopen?
[00:13:11] Unfortunately, the war, as many
[00:13:14] experts and external observers had
[00:13:18] predicted before, led to the radicalization
[00:13:21] of the atmosphere and the
[00:13:25] rise of the extremist
[00:13:27] faction. At the same time, we know that
[00:13:31] social changes happen little by little.
[00:13:34] Even those who are, so to speak, "value-oriented"
[00:13:38] and hardcore
[00:13:41] have slowly changed, and
[00:13:44] now they are not like they were
[00:13:48] in past decades,
[00:13:50] as these
[00:13:53] changes will eventually affect
[00:13:56] them too. However, the war and what
[00:14:00] we have witnessed over the past
[00:14:03] six months helped this extremist faction
[00:14:06] to insist on many of its demands,
[00:14:09] otherwise, the civil movement could have achieved
[00:14:13] more tangible concessions or
[00:14:16] achievements. Thank you Mr. Ghambarpoor. Sina
[00:14:19] Ghambarpoor, a journalist
[00:14:21] in Paris, France. Mitra Zargari, a sociologist
[00:14:25] and author from Florida, USA, is with us. Ms. Zargari is the author of
[00:14:29] a three-volume collection on idealism and an ideal society
[00:14:32] in contemporary Iran. She also has a detailed interview
[00:14:36] in the book "Street, Space, and Power" titled
[00:14:47] have passed since the killing of Zhina
[00:14:50] Mahsa Amini and the protests that led
[00:14:53] to the Woman, Life, Freedom movement.
[00:15:04] Is it the same struggle and protests, or is it a different
[00:15:08] and
[00:15:16] of the accumulated trend that we can even
[00:15:19] trace back to before the revolution, to the women's
[00:15:23] movement. And certainly,
[00:15:25] after the revolution, this aspect took on a different
[00:15:29] form and content. The demands became more diverse.
[00:15:32] But this is a continuation of that, and it's interesting
[00:15:36] to me again that this discussion arose
[00:15:39] from a marathon that we can consider the symbol
[00:15:43] of this physical marathon as a symbol of
[00:15:45] the marathon that women have fought for
[00:15:49] for decades and even centuries. And again, as I said
[00:15:53] to you, after the 1979 revolution,
[00:15:57] this marathon took on a different depth
[00:16:00] and content, which is beyond our discussion right now.
[00:16:04] and and again, this
[00:16:08] marathon is a marathon that we can say is a symbol
[00:16:11] of the marathon-like
[00:16:15] struggle of women for
[00:16:18] their basic rights in the fight
[00:16:22] against anti-women, anti-human laws. And this marathon
[00:16:25] incidentally coincides with a parade
[00:16:28] that uses the material and spiritual
[00:16:32] resources that the government provides
[00:16:35] for the organizers and individuals present at this
[00:16:39] parade. This has actually
[00:16:43] converged. A convergence
[00:16:46] that can actually, in my opinion,
[00:16:49] in a way, show that despite the government's
[00:16:52] attempt to impose its own narrative with this
[00:16:56] parade, the women's movement
[00:17:00] in the past few decades, in particular,
[00:17:03] has characteristics that have greatly solidified it.
[00:17:07] That is, it not only exists in a solidified form,
[00:17:11] but these characteristics have caused it to show that this movement
[00:17:15] is a stable
[00:17:21] Look, in the contemporary period,
[00:17:24] the women's movement is the only movement that
[00:17:28] both produces narrative and wears down
[00:17:31] counter-narrative. What do I mean by counter-narrative?
[00:17:34] It's the narrative that the Islamic Republic regime
[00:17:38] tries to spread as
[00:17:42] a counter-narrative to the existing one
[00:17:45] in society. Meaning,
[00:17:48] we see an example of this in this
[00:17:52] parade.
[00:17:54] What kind of parade
[00:17:57] is this government's parade that they call
[00:18:00] "Jan Fada"? Yes, the Jan Fada parade.
[00:18:04] In the Jan Fada parade, we see the government trying
[00:18:08] to embody all the symbols of
[00:18:11] that idealized, ideological, religious,
[00:18:14] ideological woman that it has been trying
[00:18:17] for five decades to
[00:18:20] promote through various official and unofficial
[00:18:24] means as the accepted and only prevailing
[00:18:27] model in society: a veiled woman, an obedient woman,
[00:18:31] a homemaker, and an ideological woman.
[00:18:35] And this parade is based on the fact
[00:18:38] that the organizers of this
[00:18:41] parade have tried to reflect
[00:18:44] that ideological woman that the government
[00:18:48] is trying to create. And you say that this
[00:18:51] marathon overshadowed that effort.
[00:18:55] Well, the country's situation
[00:18:57] is very sensitive. On the one hand,
[00:19:01] a war is ongoing whose end has not been announced.
[00:19:05] On the other hand, pressures have reached
[00:19:08] their peak. But in the midst of all this,
[00:19:12] in your opinion, how does the protesting
[00:19:16] society of women who seek greater social freedoms
[00:19:19] find its way, because you mentioned and said that the women's
[00:19:23] movement can both create narratives and has been very continuous
[00:19:27] throughout these years?
[00:19:30] Yes, the women's movement. Let me
[00:19:33] complete this in line with your previous
[00:19:36] question.
[00:19:39] With staging, they tried to portray the best
[00:19:42] image of the ideal woman desired by the government.
[00:19:46] Even in this, they failed, which is why I say
[00:19:50] that the women's movement was able to become the dominant
[00:19:54] narrative over the government's official
[00:19:57] narrative. It has eroded it from within, emptied
[00:20:00] it. Meaning, in this very parade
[00:20:04] that they held, we see that they came
[00:20:07] on motorcycles with different coverings, coverings that
[00:20:11] even they themselves complained about because
[00:20:15] they considered them unconventional. In addition, the women's
[00:20:18] movement, as I saw was mentioned
[00:20:22] in the previous discussion, was able to normalize
[00:20:25] things. What does that mean? It means it introduced
[00:20:29] new norms into society. It has spread
[00:20:32] them, created them. Normalization occurs
[00:20:36] when a large part of society accepts the norm.
[00:20:39] Here, whether the law wants it or not,
[00:20:42] the government is forced So this is not something
[00:20:46] the government chooses. It is not its desire
[00:20:50] or something it can prevent. This is a process that has emerged
[00:20:53] in society, and you correctly included
[00:20:57] in your question whether this is a generational
[00:21:00] continuity. Yes, in fact, another characteristic of
[00:21:03] our contemporary women's movement, the women's
[00:21:06] movement in general, is this generational continuity.
[00:21:10] we can consider this marathon as a manifestation
[00:21:13] and a symbol of, has the characteristic
[00:21:17] of being multi-generational. That is, in the women's
[00:21:21] movement, this is one of the reasons for its success,
[00:21:24] that it has been able to bring together different generations.
[00:21:27] I can say we don't have many other social movements
[00:21:31] that bring together such a wide range of generations
[00:21:35] in an accumulative way. That is,
[00:21:38] it is not just the continuation of today's
[00:21:41] 90s generation, it is not just the continuation
[00:21:44] of the 30s or 40s generation. It is accumulative and
[00:21:48] redefines everything, and all of this contributes
[00:21:51] to its stability and continuity, shaping a solidified
[00:21:55] future for this movement. Furthermore,
[00:21:59] in my opinion, a point that definitely needs to be defined
[00:22:02] is that this marathon, as I said, strangely
[00:22:06] incorporates all the symbols of the movement.
[00:22:09] It shows that the women's movement has entered the phase
[00:22:12] of reclaiming prohibited spaces. We saw this before,
[00:22:15] too. That is, we have been seeing for decades that women are slowly
[00:22:19] reclaiming prohibited spaces or spaces that
[00:22:22] have been considered male spaces.
[00:22:26] They are taking them back. This stage
[00:22:29] is irreversible. That's why I say that
[00:22:32] whether the government wants
[00:22:45] of normalization, it becomes
[00:22:52] of the government, I, whether I want to or not,
[00:22:55] am forced to concede. Whether I incorporate it into law
[00:22:59] or not, the women's movement has normalized
[00:23:02] things. The women's movement has conquered space.
[00:23:06] Ms. Zargari, thank you very much. Mitra Zargari,
[00:23:09] sociologist and writer.
[00:23:12] Mohsen Rezaee, Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council of Iran, says
[00:23:16] Tehran has communicated its conditions for negotiation through mediators
[00:23:20] with the US and is now waiting for Donald Trump's answer.
[00:23:23] In an interview with Al Jazeera, he said Iran's conditions
[00:23:27] include an end to the war on all fronts, the unblocking of Iran's frozen
[00:23:30] assets, and an end to the naval blockade. Mr. Rezaee
[00:23:34] also warned that if Iran is attacked, US bases
[00:23:37] and Washington's interests in the region
[00:23:40] will be targeted with greater force. Earlier,
[00:23:44] US President Donald Trump had again emphasized that
[00:23:47] the war with Iran would soon end
[00:23:50] and gasoline prices would return to a significantly
[00:23:53] lower level, or even lower than before. Kasra Naji
[00:23:56] reports.
[00:23:58] In the US, there are nearly six weeks left until the midterm
[00:24:02] elections, which could remove both chambers of the US Congress
[00:24:05] from the control of the President's supporters and Republicans.
[00:24:09] Elections amidst rising
[00:24:12] living costs, including the price of gasoline
[00:24:15] and diesel, following the war with Iran
[00:24:18] that Donald Trump started.
[00:24:50] I'm proud of it, and that is that Iran will never acquire
[00:24:53] nuclear weapons. Of course, for such an achievement, people must pay
[00:24:57] something extra. I think if people were to choose
[00:25:00] between lower gasoline and diesel prices
[00:25:04] or the threat of nuclear Iran, I bet the result
[00:25:08] would be a very high vote. People don't want
[00:25:11] Iran to acquire nuclear
[00:25:13] weapons.
[00:25:15] Direct war between the two sides has subsided for about
[00:25:19] 10 days. But there is no sign that it will end soon.
[00:25:22] The Iranian side seeks to inflict the biggest
[00:25:26] blow to the Republicans' electoral
[00:25:29] chances in the American midterm elections.
[00:25:31] آمریکاست.
[00:25:35] This is the US Defense Secretary and his complaint about the country's
[00:25:39] major media, who, according to him, only want to criticize the
[00:25:42] president. It's
[00:25:45] very sad that at the very moment our warriors are achieving
[00:25:49] great success in dangerous situations,
[00:25:52] we have insane media whose hatred for the president is greater
[00:25:55] than their love for America. But we
[00:25:58] will complete our mission. Iran will never possess nuclear weapons.
[00:26:19] It is reported that two airport runways were targeted and
[00:26:23] flights were halted. Houthi attacks and
[00:26:26] Saudi forces against each other have intensified
[00:26:29] in recent days, and with that,
[00:26:33] the price of gasoline and diesel in
[00:26:36] the US is likely to increase. Kasra
[00:26:38] Naji, BBC. Yemen's Houthis say they have targeted
[00:26:42] positions in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, and the city of
[00:26:46] Yanbu on the Red Sea coast. The Iran-backed
[00:26:50] group has announced that it also attacked Saudi Arabia's
[00:26:53] state oil company, Aramco. Bloomberg News, quoting informed
[00:26:57] sources, reported that Aramco informed at least two
[00:27:01] European customers that they would not receive crude
[00:27:04] oil next month. To examine the impact of Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia
[00:27:08] and their effect on oil production,
[00:27:11] I spoke with Eliezer, an energy market
[00:27:14] analyst and a manager at Beringa, which
[00:27:18] consults on the energy market. I first asked him how much of Saudi
[00:27:22] Arabia's production has been
[00:27:24] taken offline.
[00:27:28] I think the main question is how much oil is actually being moved,
[00:27:31] because almost all the volume produced from various Saudi
[00:27:35] fields, given that it's stuck in the Gulf, practically
[00:27:38] cannot be moved. If we look at Saudi Arabia as a whole,
[00:27:42] this country usually produces about 10 million barrels
[00:27:45] per day, and a large part of it passes through
[00:27:49] the Strait of Hormuz. In reality, however, because very
[00:27:52] little oil passes through the Strait of Hormuz, Saudi Arabia
[00:27:56] used to transport about four million barrels per day through
[00:28:00] a pipeline to the Red Sea and export it from there.
[00:28:03] This route has recently been affected by Houthi attacks.
[00:28:07] They targeted a pumping station on this pipeline,
[00:28:11] bringing its activity to a halt, which has a significant impact.
[00:28:15] It seems this pipeline may soon be reactivated,
[00:28:18] but probably only at 50% capacity. Therefore, we expect about
[00:28:22] 2 million barrels per day to re-enter the cycle
[00:28:26] through this pipeline. The fundamental challenge is still how to get
[00:28:29] this oil out of the Red Sea, and the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait
[00:28:33] is clearly facing restrictions.
[00:28:35] So this makes things very difficult. Is it possible
[00:28:39] that OPEC member countries
[00:28:42] or global strategic energy reserves can
[00:28:45] compensate for this shortage? Or will
[00:28:49] we face a real global supply shortage?
[00:28:52] The
[00:28:56] system has been incredibly resilient so far. If we go back to when
[00:28:59] this crisis began, analysts, including myself, predicted
[00:29:03] that we might face shortages of some products
[00:29:06] like jet fuel, especially in the summer. But this
[00:29:10] didn't happen. Many other producers in the world
[00:29:13] increased their production. On the other hand,
[00:29:17] consumers also didn't have much desire to significantly
[00:29:20] reduce demand. Demand in China has decreased
[00:29:24] in a specific way, but not because consumption
[00:29:27] has stopped. It's more because the type of fuel
[00:29:31] used has changed, and they have drawn from their
[00:29:34] reserves. This has led to greater flexibility and
[00:29:38] resilience in the summer. But the main challenge is that
[00:29:41] we are now entering the winter season in the Northern
[00:29:45] Hemisphere, a season when our consumption, especially
[00:29:48] of petroleum products for heating, significantly
[00:29:52] increases. There is no more excess production to be put
[00:29:55] into the market, and there is no more excess
[00:29:59] refining capacity that can be activated. Therefore,
[00:30:33] Yes, they certainly can, and strategic reserves
[00:30:36] are indeed very important. reserves are controlled by the government, andTELEVISION NEWS TRANSCRIPT:
[00:30:40] In fact, as state or sovereign
[00:30:43] reserves. In other countries, the reserves are held by the
[00:30:47] private sector, and naturally, their release requires
[00:30:51] negotiation with private companies that hold these reserves.
[00:30:54] This is definitely one of the levers that can be
[00:30:58] used. However, it should be noted that reserves in some.