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[00:00:05] see your name, phone number or photo, even us.
[00:00:43] Welcome to Global Eyes. Every week, we bring you
[00:00:46] a selection of the best reports from the BBC World Service
[00:00:50] from a different location around the world. I'm Sami
[00:00:53] Awami, a BBC Africa correspondent. For the past two weeks,
[00:00:57] I've been in Madagascar to prepare a report.
[00:01:01] A place where the anger and frustration of Generation Z
[00:01:05] has fueled political unrest. In this program, I will explain
[00:01:08] the importance of these developments. Of course,
[00:01:12] Madagascar is not the only country struggling with protests.
[00:01:15] All over the world, young people are demanding
[00:01:19] a better life from their leaders.
[00:01:22] And the response of many governments has been severe violence.
[00:01:25] This is the Jatra highway. You see the police are shooting.
[00:01:28] Also, we will see a BBC report about
[00:01:32] one of the worst cases of police killings in the history
[00:01:35] of Bangladesh, amidst protests that led to the fall of the government.
[00:01:39] And we will go to Indonesia, where
[00:01:43] local residents are dealing with their villages being submerged.
[00:01:46] I understood that these trees can stop
[00:01:50] the waves and prevent erosion.
[00:01:54] کند.
[00:02:30] and only about a quarter of the people have access to electricity.
[00:02:33] Madagascar is also one of the youngest
[00:02:36] countries in the world. Until 65 years ago, it was a French
[00:02:40] colony, and more than half of its population is under 25
[00:02:44] years old.
[00:02:47] Since its independence, Madagascar has been caught in a cycle of coups,
[00:02:51] disputed elections, and economic setbacks.
[00:02:54] Recent protests began due to widespread power
[00:02:58] outages and a shortage.
[00:03:33] The government claimed that the crackdown was necessary to prevent foreign
[00:03:37] sabotage, but human rights organizations
[00:03:41] called the government's response disproportionate and illegal.
[00:03:43] دونستند.
[00:03:46] President Andry Rajoelina, who was previously a DJ,
[00:03:50] was dismissed and impeached, and the Supreme Constitutional Court
[00:03:54] appointed a special army chief, Kapsato, as the new
[00:03:57] leader.
[00:04:48] sworn in as president of the new military government and promised to hold new elections
[00:04:51] within two years. For
[00:04:55] the second time in just over a month, protests led
[00:04:58] by young people have overthrown a government, which indicates
[00:05:02] a wave of discontent among Generation Z
[00:05:05] across the globe. In Nepal,
[00:05:09] protests against corruption led to the storming of parliament and the resignation
[00:05:16] The desire for rebellion has also grown stronger in Madagascar. Young people have been
[00:05:20] inspired by youth movements around the world.
[00:05:24] Solidarity in the digital
[00:05:27] world has linked these seemingly disparate uprisings,
[00:05:31] from demands for education reform in Morocco to demonstrations
[00:05:35] against crime in Peru.
[00:05:39] Technology has led to the formation of a shared visual language.
[00:05:42] The emoji of clenched fists and flames, manga characters,
[00:05:46] and comic book heroes who fight corrupt systems.
[00:05:50] These symbols have become tools for mobilization.
[00:05:53] Memes for resistance that know no
[00:05:57] borders.
[00:06:00] The Gen Z revolution in Bangladesh has been
[00:06:04] profoundly impactful. In July
[00:06:07] 2024, youth anger over a controversial
[00:06:10] quota system for government employment led to nationwide
[00:06:14] demonstrations. It is estimated that during several weeks
[00:06:18] of unrest, about 1,400 people were killed and
[00:06:21] thousands were injured. But what
[00:06:24] really happened, and who is responsible? The BBC
[00:06:28] Eye team, using so-called open-source methods, has analyzed
[00:06:32] videos, documents, and eyewitness accounts
[00:06:35] to investigate one of the key days of this revolution.
[00:06:38] We will now see Redija's report on this.
[00:06:54] August 5, 2024.
[00:06:57] For weeks, throughout the capital of Bangladesh, Dhaka,
[00:07:00] protests have been ongoing. Protesters are fleeing
[00:07:04] a hail of bullets. They are shooting continuously.
[00:07:08] Now is not the time to be afraid. In the Jatra
[00:07:12] neighborhood.
[00:07:22] Using unseen footage, we will uncover the narratives
[00:07:25] of the police, the protesters, and those responsible
[00:07:29] for these events. We will avenge every drop
[00:07:32] of spilled blood.
[00:07:34] گیریم.
[00:07:41] Bangladesh was for 15 years
[00:07:43] under the rule of Sheikh Hasina and the Awami League party.
[00:07:47] Bangladesh has always
[00:07:50] respected human rights.
[00:07:52] In my opinion, human rights
[00:07:54] mean people's security, the right to access
[00:07:58] justice, the right to vote, and the right to life. These are
[00:08:01] the things we protect. But in July
[00:08:05] 2024, with the return of the quota
[00:08:08] system in Bangladesh, protests erupted across
[00:08:12] the country. A law that limited
[00:08:16] access to government jobs.
[00:08:20] About 30% of jobs are allocated to the families of freedom
[00:08:23] fighters.
[00:08:25] یابد.
[00:08:30] Students like Russel Mahmud organized these protests.
[00:08:34] Seeing the discriminatory nature of the quota
[00:08:37] system, I realized I might become a victim of this inequality
[00:08:41] and not be able to get a job.
[00:08:53] The protests are met with violent police repression.
[00:08:56] شود.
[00:08:58] Communications are cut across the country,
[00:09:01] and the government orders an internet shutdown.
[00:09:05] صادر می
[00:09:05] کند.
[00:09:09] The government wanted to suppress this movement at all costs.
[00:09:13] Bijoy, a young student, becomes one of the powerful
[00:09:17] voices of resistance.
[00:09:19] Our first plan was to unite
[00:09:23] everyone when the internet was cut. Because there were widespread
[00:09:26] arrests, and we had no idea where anyone was.
[00:09:29] کجاست.
[00:09:33] I ordered all of them to be arrested tonight. Everyone
[00:09:36] has been informed. Arrest them wherever you find them.
[00:09:39] Sheikh Hasina
[00:09:43] orders the police and security forces to use lethal
[00:09:47] force.
[00:09:49] This leaked audio file, whose authenticity has been confirmed
[00:09:53] by the BBC, shows that she directed the security
[00:09:57] forces. I have now issued a public order. From
[00:10:00] now on, they will use lethal weapons. Wherever they find them,
[00:10:04] they will shoot.
[00:10:07] I'm not going anywhere without my brother. Release my brother.
[00:10:11] But the repression intensifies the protests.
[00:10:14] You can never stop this movement. We will continue to protest.
[00:10:17] And on August 5, protesters
[00:10:21] in Dhaka demand her resignation.
[00:10:26] Among the protesters are two friends named Shawan and Miraj.
[00:10:29] Miraj believed
[00:10:33] that change was necessary. He thought
[00:10:37] that the problems afflicting Bangladesh, especially
[00:10:41] discrimination in employment and unemployment,
[00:10:44] needed solutions.
[00:10:46] Wherever he saw injustice,
[00:10:50] he protested.
[00:10:51] میکرد.
[00:10:57] He and I used to see each other regularly in the neighborhood.
[00:11:00] His special quality was that he kept everyone
[00:11:04] together like a protector.
[00:11:06] That's why our friendship was so deep. We weren't
[00:11:10] just friends, we were like family. These two
[00:11:13] friends join the march at one of the city's
[00:11:17] main intersections, which is protected by a large police
[00:11:21] station. When we
[00:11:23] arrived, this place was full
[00:11:27] of people. It seemed like no one was
[00:11:29] afraid.
[00:11:32] What happens next leads to one of the worst cases
[00:11:36] of police violence in the history of Bangladesh. We have gathered
[00:11:39] and analyzed hundreds of videos, photos, and eyewitness
[00:11:43] accounts to paint an accurate picture of the events.
[00:11:46] This is the Jatra highway. You
[00:11:49] see the police are shooting. That's the sound of a single
[00:11:52] shot.
[00:11:57] At 1:05 PM, the police have left
[00:12:01] the station.
[00:12:02] شده.
[00:12:07] They are pushing the protesters back along the highway.
[00:12:10] راند.
[00:12:13] The protesters are pushed back. The army arrives
[00:12:16] and positions itself between them and the police.
[00:12:20] The news had spread
[00:12:23] that Sheikh Hasina was going to resign
[00:12:27] and that the army commander
[00:12:30] might make a speech. The army informs
[00:12:33] Sheikh Hasina that they cannot prevent protesters from reaching
[00:12:37] her residence, and she escapes
[00:12:41] by helicopter to a military airport at 2:25
[00:12:45] PM.
[00:12:49] Almost simultaneously, army vehicles begin to
[00:12:52] leave the area. But forces are still stationed
[00:12:56] outside the police station. Miraj and Shawan
[00:12:59] move towards the station.
[00:13:03] We were standing there watching when
[00:13:06] suddenly either a gas canister
[00:13:10] or a car tire exploded with a loud bang.
[00:13:13] I started
[00:13:16] running.
[00:13:20] But Miraj stays and watches the soldiers
[00:13:24] leaving the police station.
[00:13:55] I couldn't control myself.
[00:13:59] He was next to me moments before, and now
[00:14:02] he was gone. It was very
[00:14:05] sad.
[00:14:09] But for those still in the streets, the terror
[00:14:13] continues. At 3:27 PM,
[00:14:17] police retreat to a temporary army barracks, and others
[00:14:20] flee in civilian clothes.
[00:14:23] گریزند.
[00:14:28] As protesters enter the building, they set it on fire,
[00:14:32] and at least six officers are killed. Videos
[00:14:35] show that during the shooting, the army was only
[00:14:39] observing. Answer me. Why
[00:14:42] did they shoot? How were so many people killed in front of your eyes?
[00:14:46] Go see how many bodies are piled
[00:14:49] up.
[00:15:03] As the chaos subsided, one question remained:
[00:15:07] who is responsible? The police
[00:15:10] officers we interviewed claimed they were just following
[00:15:13] orders. We operate under a chain of command.
[00:15:17] Going beyond orders is not
[00:15:19] allowed.
[00:15:22] Abul Hassan, the chief of Jetrabari Police
[00:15:26] Station, was present at the scene during
[00:15:28] the killings.
[00:15:31] The station commander was in contact
[00:15:35] with higher-ranking officials.
[00:15:39] At that moment, he was our leader,
[00:15:42] and we did whatever he said. We
[00:15:45] were obligated to execute orders
[00:15:48] without question.
[00:15:52] Hassan has been arrested, but we have been told
[00:15:56] that he was receiving orders from senior officers during
[00:15:59] the protests. One of them was senior
[00:16:03] detective Harun al-Rashid, who
[00:16:06] in July
[00:16:22] Headquarters was issuing orders.
[00:16:24] کرد
[00:16:27] Nothing happens without the commissioner's order.
[00:16:29] The order
[00:16:31] to shoot was given
[00:16:33] by the commissioner.
[00:17:09] His leadership and orders led to this crackdown.
[00:17:12] Sheikh Hasina is now in exile.
[00:17:16] But in Bangladesh, a court convicted her
[00:17:19] of crimes against humanity and sentenced her to death.
[00:17:23] She vehemently denies these allegations.
[00:17:26] The Awami League party also denies its responsibility
[00:17:30] for the killing of protesters. Her trial
[00:17:33] is still ongoing.
[00:17:38] August 5 was a happy day
[00:17:41] for everyone.
[00:17:48] We comfort ourselves with the thought that
[00:17:52] my brother's sacrifice and blood helped
[00:17:55] free the country from oppression and
[00:17:59] build a new
[00:18:00] country.
[00:18:39] We lost so many brothers. We regained our independence,
[00:18:42] and I no longer feel afraid. The fear I had is completely
[00:18:46] gone. Now I feel more courageous.
[00:19:56] The use of technology by young people to launch major
[00:19:59] movements is not new. The Arab Spring
[00:20:02] and the Occupy Wall Street movement in the 2010s to inform
[00:20:06] to.
[00:20:47] reports on how local people are coping with their livelihoods disrupted
[00:20:51] and their homes threatened.
[00:20:53] هستند.
[00:21:02] Along the coast of northern Java, the sea is engulfing
[00:21:05] villages. Java, the most populous island
[00:21:09] in Indonesia, is home to more than half of the country's
[00:21:12] 284 million people. It accounts for more
[00:21:15] than 55% of the country's economy.
[00:21:17] است.
[00:21:20] Ningsih has lived in Eretan Wetan her entire
[00:21:23] life.
[00:21:26] This once quiet fishing village has become deserted
[00:21:30] as its neighborhoods have been completely submerged.
[00:21:32] شده.
[00:21:34] When I was young, before I got married, there were no
[00:21:38] floods like this at all. It was
[00:21:42] dry here.
[00:21:45] But over the years, things have gotten worse
[00:21:48] and worse. This village is one of several
[00:21:52] struggling with severe land subsidence caused by decades
[00:21:56] of excessive groundwater extraction. It has also been
[00:22:00] affected by rising sea levels for years.
[00:22:03] Ningsih has witnessed floods destroy
[00:22:07] roads, engulf homes, and force many
[00:22:11] families to leave the area. Her family decided
[00:22:14] to stay. But this is what they face
[00:22:18] every day. When the high tide comes, the water
[00:22:21] rises this high. Everything goes
[00:22:25] under water, even inside the rooms.
[00:22:28] It usually starts rising around one or two
[00:22:32] in the afternoon and recedes around three or four in the morning. On the north
[00:22:36] coast of Java, more than 30 million people live in areas at
[00:22:40] risk of being submerged. Factories and industrial areas
[00:22:44] have replaced mangrove forests and fish farms,
[00:22:47] accelerating a gradual disaster
[00:22:50] already exacerbated by climate change.
[00:22:53] Experts warn that by 2050,
[00:22:57] a large portion of this coast may go
[00:23:00] underwater. The government is now building a massive
[00:23:03] defense system, including a 500-kilometer sea
[00:23:07] wall and giant pumps to contain
[00:23:10] the sea. But critics say these measures may
[00:23:14] not be enough, especially with continued development and
[00:23:17] coastal land reclamation. Nearly 30.
[00:23:30] coasts protect against erosion and storms,
[00:23:34] provide breeding grounds for fish and shrimp.
[00:23:38] Kendal has experienced the worst coastal
[00:23:40] erosion since
[00:23:43] around 2019. It was at that
[00:23:47] time that we really felt its severity.
[00:23:51] Why did this happen? Later it turned
[00:23:54] out that the problem was land use change.
[00:23:57] Coastal areas have been converted into industrial
[00:24:01] areas, and their land use has changed. Factories
[00:24:05] and ports built in the Kendal industrial zone have long
[00:24:08] been accused of destroying coastal mangroves,
[00:24:11] a claim that officials deny. They say
[00:24:15] land subsidence was a serious problem long before
[00:24:19] the factories were built. But with the loss of natural barriers,
[00:24:22] the sea began to engulf the land.
[00:24:24] کرد.
[00:24:27] The government has denied the claim that industrial areas are the root
[00:24:30] cause of the problem, saying that the subsidence of Java's
[00:24:34] coastal areas is primarily a natural process. However,
[00:24:37] Wasito has seen this destruction firsthand and decided to take
[00:24:40] action. We decided
[00:24:44] to plant mangroves there. When
[00:24:47] the first trees grew, and gradually
[00:24:50] the surrounding area filled up, local people got excited
[00:24:54] and joined me. When I
[00:24:58] saw the trees grow and the sand stopped
[00:25:01] there, I realized these trees could block
[00:25:05] the waves and prevent erosion.
[00:25:09] Since 2006, Wasito and his neighbors have planted
[00:25:13] thousands of mangrove trees, creating a living wall to stop
[00:25:16] the sea's advance. This forest now
[00:25:20] stretches along the coast, protecting people's homes
[00:25:23] and livelihoods. But with further land development, the remaining
[00:25:27] mangrove areas are rapidly disappearing.
[00:25:31] If the entire coast becomes industrial, the remaining protected
[00:25:34] areas need special attention,
[00:25:38] دارند
[00:25:40] otherwise the damage will not be limited
[00:25:44] to the coastline
[00:25:44] only.
[00:25:48] As it continues to rise.
[00:25:51] Climate change communities living on the subsiding
[00:25:55] coasts of Java are trying to protect their
[00:25:58] land.
[00:26:01] Thank you for being with me in Madagascar. We look forward
[00:26:05] to your comments on Global Eye. Write to us on social media
[00:26:09] with the hashtag BBC Global Eye. Next
[00:26:12] week, we will be with you from Peru. Goodbye.
[00:27:57] received a notification on twitter of someone
[00:28:00] requesting grock to put me. a microkini so they
[00:28:04] kept like requesting different things until
[00:28:08] grock actually created a nude of
[00:28:10] me.
[00:28:16] this is the picture that i uploaded on twitter, it's a
[00:28:19] picture of me and my cat. the next morning when i woke up the
[00:28:23] photo had some unusual activity on it, there were
[00:28:27] more likes and more comments than
[00:28:29] usual.
[00:28:41] It was really scary because of how real those
[00:28:44] photos looked and in my mind I was like, what if someone sends
[00:28:48] this image to someone at my work or to my family
[00:28:52] or to my friends, so it was just like moments
[00:28:55] of pure
[00:28:56] horror.
[00:29:08] one week after that, i entered an elevator and it
[00:29:11] was only man inside of the elevator, the thoughts that
[00:29:15] i had at that time, like thinking that they could
[00:29:19] have seen the photos or that they could have made the
[00:29:22] photos. everything that i've done ever since, it's really
[00:29:26] considering that some people did this to
[00:29:29] me.
[00:29:50] The satellite broadcasting of BBC Persian TV programs
[00:29:54] will gradually change. Eutelsat frequency 11
[00:29:57] 304 from June 5, Hot Bird
[00:30:00] transponder 89.
[00:30:17] And Yahsat satellite frequency 11996
[00:30:21] transponder 15. Stay with us on BBC
[00:30:25] Persian, wherever
[00:30:26] you are.
[00:30:33] And now on BBC Persian TV, current
[00:30:37] issues.
[00:30:39] Is Iranian culture a suitable ground for violence?
[00:30:43] Can it be said that insensitivity to violence in public
[00:30:46] or the use of verbal violence are among
[00:30:50] the signs of violence in Iranian
[00:30:53] culture?