BELARUSTV — broadcast
20260808 080000 UTC
272 transcript segments
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[00:00:23] lands of Belarus, and
[00:00:26] it included lands of five administrative...
[00:00:30] districts, although the largest area is represented by Khoyniki,
[00:00:33] Bragin and Narovlya. Approximately
[00:00:36] 750 people currently work
[00:00:39] in the organization, and of these, just over 650
[00:00:42] fall into the staff category. These are all
[00:00:45] specialists who carry out activities
[00:00:48] to maintain this territory as a safe
[00:00:50] object.
[00:00:58] Thanks to the decisions made at the state
[00:01:01] level, approaches to overcoming
[00:01:04] the consequences of the accident were formed, which made it possible to organize
[00:01:08] life taking into account the radiation aspects of neighboring
[00:01:12] territories. The territory was initially divided
[00:01:15] into such blocks: the first is
[00:01:19] directly the exclusion zone, which is 47 hectares, according to which, according
[00:01:23] to the scenario, the return of people is not foreseen. About
[00:01:27] 107 hectares is the resettlement zone,
[00:01:30] which, according to the scenario, when decontamination measures are carried
[00:01:33] out, was planned to be returned to circulation, and the rest
[00:01:37] of the territory is the zone of strict radiation
[00:01:39] control.
[00:01:43] Work was carried out by August, that is, 107
[00:01:46] settlements were resettled from the entire territory covering three
[00:01:50] administrative districts: Khoyniki, Bragin, and Narovlya. As
[00:01:54] a result, approximately 2020
[00:01:56] people were evacuated, and work
[00:01:58] was carried out directly on
[00:02:02] cattle transfer, on decontamination of settlements.
[00:02:05] A large number of military personnel and law enforcement agencies
[00:02:08] were involved in this, which undoubtedly led to such
[00:02:11] positive results, that the population
[00:02:15] reduced additional radiation doses.
[00:02:18] In the acute period after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant,
[00:02:21] approximately 92 settlements
[00:02:24] were resettled from the territory of the Reserve. This is not much, not
[00:02:28] little, 22...
[00:02:31] people. 27 farms operated on the territory of the reserve,
[00:02:34] of which 14 were state farms and 13 were collective farms.
[00:02:38] The territory was largely agricultural, highly developed,
[00:02:41] therefore the accident at the Chernobyl
[00:02:44] nuclear power plant is more agricultural,
[00:02:46] since its impact and consequences
[00:02:50] directly affected
[00:02:51] the territories of rural settlements.
[00:02:55] At the current moment,
[00:02:58] the villages of the reserve represent an anthropogenic landscape that
[00:03:02] is constantly under the influence of the development of plant
[00:03:05] species, that is, their gradual absorption is taking place.
[00:03:10] Our work shows that there is a gradual replacement
[00:03:13] of anthropogenic species, of synanthropic species
[00:03:17] with forest-forming species, that is, over time we
[00:03:20] will see that the reserve will change towards
[00:03:24] such a wild territory, which is important for the preservation
[00:03:27] of protected species.
[00:04:00] is a unique territory where the processes
[00:04:03] of ecosystem restoration are monitored. Immediately
[00:04:07] after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, with
[00:04:10] state support, efforts were made to minimize the release
[00:04:14] of radionuclides into adjacent territories. This was a primary task,
[00:04:17] which at the current moment also remains crucial for this
[00:04:20] institution. It included the creation
[00:04:24] of a complex of measures to prevent
[00:04:28] the discharge of radionuclides into the Pripyat and Dnieper,
[00:04:31] especially in the areas adjacent to the reserve.
[00:04:35] Accordingly, all these works led to the creation of a unique
[00:04:39] environment that allowed ecosystems to
[00:04:41] develop under natural conditions. As
[00:04:45] a result of monitoring research programs,
[00:04:48] international projects, we
[00:04:51] found that today, for example, 272 species
[00:04:54] of vascular plants grow in the reserve, of
[00:04:57] which 48 are included in the Red Book.
[00:05:05] the safety of this territory is
[00:05:08] the creation of forest plantations, therefore
[00:05:11] afforestation,
[00:05:33] for the sale of planting material and introduced
[00:05:37] tree species to the population with a closed root system, the reserve
[00:05:40] acquires clean soil, which is used for growing
[00:05:44] planting material. For afforestation
[00:05:47] and reforestation activities,
[00:05:50] the reserve annually creates just over 300 hectares of forest
[00:05:54] cultures, for the entire
[00:05:56] post-Chernobyl period, about 12,000
[00:06:00] hectares have been created, which undoubtedly positively affects,
[00:06:03] let's say, the retention of radionuclides in the event
[00:06:07] of any emergency
[00:06:08] situations,
[00:06:11] fires. on the territory of the reserve has its own specifics,
[00:06:15] since it involves, when
[00:06:18] burning forest combustible materials, the activity
[00:06:21] of radionuclides. Volumetric activity is reduced by
[00:06:25] 100 times per 1 km of forest-covered area. This
[00:06:29] indicates that the higher the forest cover of this territory,
[00:06:32] the minimal will be the transfer of radionuclides over long
[00:06:35] distances.
[00:06:38] To eliminate radioactive forest trophic fires, three
[00:06:41] fire-chemical stations have been created on the territory
[00:06:44] of the reserve, two second-type stations and one first-type
[00:06:48] station. The first type
[00:06:51] implies maximum equipment
[00:06:53] and the ability to eliminate not only fires that occur in the forest
[00:06:57] fund, but also fires that
[00:06:59] are associated with the Babchin facilities, where almost
[00:07:03] the entire infrastructure of the reserve is located.
[00:07:07] Khoyniki section. Approximately 64
[00:07:10] people work at the fire-chemical stations, who on
[00:07:14] a permanent basis monitor fires, assess fires in the forest
[00:07:18] fund. The fund of the reserve is quite large, it is about
[00:07:21] 217.
[00:07:25] And within this territory, a specialized network of observation
[00:07:28] towers has been organized, which are used
[00:07:31] for triangulation methods to detect forest
[00:07:34] fires. Especially dangerous for the territory
[00:07:38] of the Reserve are peat fires,
[00:07:40] because of the swamps.
[00:11:02] Undoubtedly, the radiation situation for a number
[00:11:05] of isotopes is improving, for example, for such
[00:11:09] elements as 137 cesium and strontium 90,
[00:11:12] it has improved, that is, we currently have about 58%
[00:11:16] for the first element, and about
[00:11:19] 62% for the second. Due to natural decay, the activity
[00:11:22] has decreased, and the situation is also improving
[00:11:25] for 241 plutonium isotopes, that is, about 84%
[00:11:29] of it has already decayed. However, given that
[00:11:33] the current radiation situation is also formed
[00:11:37] by such isotopes as 239,
[00:11:40] 238, 240 plutonium isotopes, as well
[00:11:43] as 241 and Americium isotopes, their
[00:11:46] half-lives range from 87 years
[00:11:49] to 24,000 years, which means we are talking about the fact that we
[00:11:53] will still have them for a long time...
[00:12:30] at each site, samples are taken
[00:12:33] covering both abiotic
[00:12:36] and biotic factors, accordingly, their
[00:12:40] volume ranges from 80 to 120
[00:12:44] samples per say, each cycle
[00:12:47] of radiation situation assessment at the site, each
[00:12:51] site is determined by typology.
[00:12:56] and in order for
[00:12:59] the assessment of radiation and ecological monitoring
[00:13:03] to be adequate, these sites are distributed in the
[00:13:06] most representative types of forest, they
[00:13:10] cover a range from 60 to 80%
[00:13:14] of the representation of such areas in the reserve.
[00:13:17] each scientific department goes to its
[00:13:21] own or...
[00:13:55] Belarusian scientists, but also international ones, that is,
[00:13:58] publications are formed and
[00:14:02] thanks to these
[00:14:05] data, accordingly, an assessment
[00:14:08] of the processes that occur generally on this
[00:14:12] closed
[00:14:12] territory is formed.
[00:14:17] Scientific activity is connected with the implementation
[00:14:20] of five-year programs, we are already
[00:14:23] implementing the eighth program, each program consists
[00:14:27] of two blocks, a routine monitoring block that we conduct for forest
[00:14:31] ecosystems, we also conduct a monitoring block for
[00:14:34] changes in the meteorological situation, changes
[00:14:37] in the migratory capacity of radionuclides in the soil, this is such a long-term
[00:14:41] monitoring that has been conducted for some issues since
[00:14:45] 1987, here we take
[00:14:48] the department of ecology of plant complexes, all this natural
[00:14:51] science work is based on the study of plant ecosystems,
[00:15:25] This is a block on biological
[00:15:27] diversity,
[00:15:33] and here are mostly scientific samples,
[00:15:37] first of all it is soil, and
[00:15:40] biological samples that were taken
[00:15:44] directly from vegetation, these
[00:15:47] samples undergo the final stage
[00:15:50] of sample preparation for further determination
[00:15:54] of radionuclides of cesium
[00:15:57] 1379 isotope in plutonium and
[00:16:00] 241 Americium by spectrometric
[00:16:03] or radiochemical methods.
[00:16:11] The laboratory of spectrometry and radiochemistry, its
[00:16:14] activity is primarily related
[00:16:17] to the assessment of the content in
[00:16:21] environmental objects, we carry out this work on
[00:16:25] a permanent basis, depending on the year, from 3 to 8 thousand samples
[00:16:28] pass through this department.
[00:16:32] Currently, we determine the specific activity
[00:16:35] of 137 cesium in commercial timber,
[00:16:39] as a result of spectrometric analysis, a value
[00:16:43] of 235 per kilogram was registered
[00:16:46] in this sample, which corresponds to the republican permissible levels and
[00:16:49] allows this timber to be used for its intended
[00:16:51] purpose.
[00:16:59] The idea of involving these lands or somehow compensating
[00:17:03] costs was at the very origin of the organization's
[00:17:06] formation. However, in all
[00:17:09] decisions that determined the development of activities, there is undoubtedly
[00:17:12] a radiation factor, that is, we are talking about those types of activities
[00:17:16] that are experimental and economic, which have taken root and
[00:17:20] give some accompanying result, well, it cannot be said that it is key for
[00:17:24] the organization, but nevertheless, the task of these types
[00:17:27] of activities was
[00:17:29] to obtain results, including their scientific support,
[00:17:33] which can be applied to conditionally clean territories where the population lives.
[00:17:38] The forest comes to us from logging from an experimental
[00:17:42] farm, it goes to the workshop, with
[00:17:45] all compliance with the standards, all requirements are met,
[00:17:49] and some wood goes to our sawmill, where it
[00:17:52] is sawn into edged and unedged boards, beams,
[00:17:56] some of the wood goes to the carpentry shop for the manufacture
[00:17:59] of carpentry products, and then the
[00:18:02] products that we have go to the domestic market, to the foreign
[00:18:06] market, that is, for...
[00:18:37] work with multi-operational machines that we
[00:18:41] have been importing in recent years, well, that is, the level of mechanization is being increased,
[00:18:44] which undoubtedly positively affects
[00:18:47] the radiation doses of personnel who perform this
[00:18:50] work.
[00:19:00] If we take, for example, beekeeping, then questions such as
[00:19:03] transfer coefficients to vegetation were worked out.
[00:19:08] These are transfer coefficients to products,
[00:19:11] honey, these are the densities
[00:19:14] of contamination and what types of radionuclides, under which it is possible
[00:19:17] to obtain normatively clean products, that is, these points are
[00:19:21] largely taken into account at the current
[00:19:24] moment, an experimental beekeeping
[00:19:27] farm has been organized on the territory of the Reserve as one of the measures
[00:19:30] for the involvement and rehabilitation of this territory, however,
[00:19:34] it should be taken into account that for its organization, there was...
[00:19:51] depending on the year, we produce up to 10 tons of products, and in general, it complies with the permissible republican levels. The task of this
[00:19:54] direction is to obtain results, conducting
[00:19:57] beekeeping in radioactively contaminated territories, and these
[00:20:01] results can be applied as a consequence for conditionally clean
[00:20:05] territories where the population lives.
[00:20:50] receive normatively clean
[00:20:52] products.
[00:20:55] Starting from 1996, within
[00:20:58] the framework of the Head of State's instructions,
[00:21:01] experimental horse breeding was created
[00:21:05] on the territory of the Reserve as one of the types
[00:21:09] of experimental activity. First of all, it is aimed
[00:21:12] at considering the possibility of breeding
[00:21:15] the Russian Heavy Draft breed in this
[00:21:18] territory. Our horses participate
[00:21:22] in republican and international competitions,
[00:21:25] this idea, as one of the measures
[00:21:29] of possible use, has the right to exist,
[00:21:32] since areas with minimum
[00:21:35] radioactive contamination density are involved, all
[00:21:38] horses also undergo monitoring, chipping,
[00:21:42] are entered into a single republican
[00:21:45] database, therefore, in general, the work
[00:21:48] undoubtedly has
[00:24:44] Digital cooperation, increased exports, direct
[00:24:47] flights between Belarus and Saudi Arabia are reaching
[00:24:51] a fundamentally new level of economic
[00:24:54] cooperation. The first railway route connected Belarus and
[00:24:57] Uzbekistan. The Slavic Caravan project will speed up freight
[00:25:00] traffic by rail. From tasting to competition, Bakers' Tractor
[00:25:04] Show, Grodno region invites you to the Bread Festival. What is the recipe
[00:25:08] for that very daddy's bun? And what is the secret of the popularity of
[00:25:10] Karavai-fest? Expert's opinion. Circulation
[00:25:14] of 2,000 copies, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus presented the English version of the book
[00:25:18] Our President. And for new knowledge to the top of the
[00:25:22] planet, a gymnasium student from Vitebsk will go to
[00:25:23] the North Pole on an atomic
[00:25:33] icebreaker. Editors' club. Western
[00:25:36] vaccines are somehow correct, and Russian
[00:25:40] ones are incorrect, all these vaccines
[00:25:42] were launched, let's say, into production for
[00:25:46] use literally off the wheels. We will still
[00:25:49] see the consequences. What happened with COVID is such
[00:25:53] a story, precisely with the preparation
[00:26:49] buy. But what are you? Don't miss on Belarus