CCTV1 — -2026-25
20260808 143600 UTC
278 transcript segments
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[00:00:11] Focusing on brand technology development, Chinese enterprises can dominate the global market with a strong posture and become a brand
[00:00:13] that goes global.
[00:00:20] In the natural festival, home has a constantly changing
[00:00:23] form
[00:00:24] .
[00:00:31] We are all a part of nature , and nature's deficit
[00:00:34] should be shared
[00:00:36] .
[00:00:39] Nature and humanity, all things are one family
[00:00:42] . This is young
[00:00:46] . This is living young
[00:00:49] . Living young is truly young
[00:00:53] . Living young starts with a healthy lifestyle
[00:00:56] . And 力扭 is here.
[00:01:09] If one day the energy from a cup of water retrieved from the sea
[00:01:12] could light up the entire city's lights
[00:01:15] . If one day new energy vehicles and
[00:01:19] spaceships are no longer limited by fuel refueling, achieving
[00:01:23] continuous operation , would you
[00:01:26] think this is a fantasy ?
[00:01:31] But for scientists, these are not unattainable dreams
[00:01:35] , but rather the future after controlled fusion
[00:01:38] is achieved. The sun generates light and heat because of the
[00:01:42] massive fusion reactions inside it, producing enormous energy. The first successful
[00:01:46] alloy surface reaction on Earth was light
[00:01:49] . But that was uncontrollable. We
[00:01:53] are researching and exploring controllable fusion reactions. This
[00:01:57] is the artificial sun .
[00:02:01] He led China's artificial sun to rank first internationally
[00:02:05] , winning China international discourse power in controllable
[00:02:08] fusion technology. He and his team developed the latest generation
[00:02:12] artificial sun, China's HL-3, which pushed this technology
[00:02:16] to the forefront globally . The new generation artificial
[00:02:19] sun, China's HL-3, is open to the world. The new generation artificial
[00:02:23] sun, China's HL-3, for the first time achieved
[00:02:27] both ion and electron temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees.
[00:03:04] Now the public and society are concerned
[00:03:07] and a fusion fever has been stirred up. There are two relatively extreme
[00:03:11] views. One view believes that fusion cannot
[00:03:15] escape the 50-year curse and that fusion is impossible to achieve
[00:03:19] . This point is too objective. Another
[00:03:22] view believes that in a few years, the application of
[00:03:26] fusion will be realized. This view is too optimistic.
[00:03:30] In summary, we hope everyone has a clear
[00:03:33] and objective understanding of artificial sun and nuclear
[00:03:37] fusion . Everyone
[00:03:40] may have heard more about nuclear fission, like
[00:03:43] current nuclear power plants, and also
[00:03:47] past atomic bombs . So, with nuclear fission
[00:03:50] , it is provided for human bombs
[00:03:52] .
[00:03:57] Now the river is facing us.
[00:06:12] This plays a very important role in accelerating our country's
[00:06:16] research and development capabilities in fusion. For more than ten years
[00:06:20] , we have been trying to join this project
[00:06:23] , but we have been kept outside the door
[00:06:26] .
[00:06:29] The turning point appeared around 2000
[00:06:32] , when our country launched several nuclear fusion projects, and
[00:06:36] made progress. For example , China's HL-2A
[00:06:40] device achieved relatively good experimental results in
[00:06:42] 2002.
[00:06:47] In addition, with international changes, China was finally invited in 2003 to participate in the project as a full member.
[00:06:59] .
[00:07:02] that's also possible for each subgroup meeting,
[00:07:06] yes yes the idea is
[00:07:08] to have a main connection for the general assembly.
[00:07:12] After China joined the set of plans , it actively chose the
[00:07:16] most difficult and challenging evolution task , facing the high
[00:07:20] temperature and high density of the first
[00:07:23] generation.
[00:07:31] Of course, I have a deep impression of
[00:07:34] the technical director of this project who only encountered technical
[00:07:38] problems that could not be solved, especially when they could not be solved for a long time
[00:07:41] ,
[00:07:45] I called him, and
[00:07:48] he was very worried and felt confused. What should I do? I said, let's discuss it carefully tomorrow, and we will always find a solution .
[00:07:52] The final certification was in 2022 for
[00:07:55] the full scale
[00:07:58] prototype, which is related to the testing of the
[00:08:02] national from the past of running behind, to
[00:08:06] running in parallel, and even like DB and other technologies
[00:08:09] reaching the international forefront.
[00:08:16] This sand table display became the main part of our entire
[00:08:20] China Fusion HL-3 device and its auxiliary system
[00:08:23] . This main part, like this spherical body, is equivalent to the heart
[00:08:27] of our human body, and the auxiliary part is equivalent to heating
[00:08:31] and cooling it, which is like the blood vessels
[00:08:35] and veins of our body
[00:08:35] .
[00:08:39] The challenge is huge. As we all know , villagers can convert the energy of the coast into their own kinetic energy
[00:09:11] We will
[00:09:12] wave
[00:09:16] . As long as the speed of the wave is faster than the particles, it is possible
[00:09:20] to transfer energy to the particles to achieve heating. The temperature is so
[00:09:24] high, what kind of materials do we have that can withstand such high temperature
[00:09:28] bombardment? In fact , no single
[00:09:32] material on Earth can withstand the intense
[00:09:35] bombardment of a high temperature of one degree. So how do
[00:09:39] we make these high energy particles not emit?
[00:10:17] Not long ago, a major breakthrough was achieved on the China Fusion HL-3 device
[00:10:20] , where both the ion temperature and electron temperature showed a sharp
[00:10:24] increase
[00:10:35] TFTR,
[00:10:42] but these two devices have been retired.
[00:10:44] So by 2027,
[00:10:47] now it seems
[00:10:49] that China's Hua device is the only one to carry out natural research.
[00:13:55] So by around 2045, we will build a demonstration
[00:13:58] plant.
[00:14:06] We have done the relevant technologies , challenges, and engineering verification
[00:14:10] . So we can then develop our own commercial
[00:14:14] fusion reactors. Of course, one more point that may accelerate this process is the utilization
[00:14:18] of new technologies
[00:14:20] .
[00:14:24] And artificial intelligence
[00:14:55] . I believe that as a fusion person, I have worked for about
[00:14:59] 40 years . Seeing its development
[00:15:02] , at first glance, the difficulty and challenge were indeed very great. At that
[00:15:06] time, I never thought we could build a nuclear power
[00:15:10] plant-sized fusion reactor, but now it seems that it is steadily progressing
[00:15:14] . At least so far , I haven't seen any insurmountable
[00:15:17] challenges. That's right
[00:15:20] .
[00:15:24] I have one more question. Teacher, is it true that among all the competition
[00:15:27] and development in the world, China's speed is the fastest, and it is expected
[00:15:31] to become the first country in the world to light up an artificial
[00:15:35] sun?
[00:15:38] From 2006 until now , our development speed
[00:15:42] and the level and capability of our technology in the international
[00:15:45] arena are obvious to all and are also recognized by the global fusion community
[00:15:49] . Including our contributions to ITER, the international
[00:15:53] fusion experimental reactor, should be from the
[00:15:57] procurement package tasks, which are the development and manufacturing tasks of key components
[00:16:00] . In terms of progress and difficulty , we have done the best. So
[00:16:04] we are confident and hope for us.
[00:16:37] Just now we talked about these application scenarios, which are probably more connected to our science fiction works, but
[00:16:41] what about our actual situation ? For example, in the future
[00:16:45] , is it possible for this device to become smaller and more miniaturized, so that our
[00:16:48] cars can also be equipped with one ?
[00:16:52] And we won't need to charge them anymore, right? Including our mobile phones
[00:16:55] , after you buy them, this mobile phone will last until it's eliminated
[00:16:57] .
[00:16:59] Stable operation. Teacher , this idea of ours
[00:17:02] , is it promising ? Is it possible to achieve
[00:17:06] it?
[00:19:08] We tried various methods, it seems we tried everything, but we just couldn't solve
[00:19:12] it. We couldn't overcome this difficulty. Yes , so he called me at night
[00:19:15] . Can't do it
[00:19:19] anymore.
[00:19:23] He was also quite depressed
[00:19:25] at that time.
[00:19:27] I
[00:19:30] understand. So, I knew then that many
[00:19:33] problems that we couldn't solve in the past could be solved.
[00:19:38] This problem, this obstacle, can be overcome. I have this
[00:19:41] confidence. So I said , let's talk about it tomorrow, and
[00:19:45] we'll discuss it again tomorrow.
[00:20:37] Some support without regard to cost
[00:20:41] . So this is also why I think
[00:20:44] we also believe that China has hope
[00:20:47] to be the first to achieve this , because our
[00:20:51] country has its unique advantages, such as strong coordination, mobilizing
[00:20:54] the strength of the whole country to achieve great things . This
[00:20:58] institutional advantage is unmatched by other countries. Exactly
[00:21:01] . Thank you, teacher
[00:21:04] . So speaking of such a grand goal and
[00:21:07] prospect, we need to have sufficient belief and confidence
[00:21:11] . Yes. But we need to respect science. We need to calm down
[00:21:15] . We need to eat one bite at a time and walk one step at a time
[00:21:18] . With the joint support and efforts of all parties, the goal
[00:21:22] will be achieved little by little
[00:21:23] .
[00:21:28] Okay, next, Teacher Duan, we will also hand over
[00:21:31] to many young students present today. Because today, many
[00:21:35] friends are here with their interest and questions
[00:21:38] about controllable fusion . They especially want to ask
[00:21:42] Teacher Duan in person . Next, let's invite everyone
[00:21:46] . Come on, everyone, okay, this young man , you speak first. Hello everyone, I am
[00:21:50] I am the new generation
[00:22:19] . Yes.
[00:24:20] This happened many years ago . But I think the decision
[00:24:24] at that time was correct . At that time, we actually
[00:24:27] had an operator
[00:24:29] .
[00:24:34] China's HL-2A device was built in 2002
[00:24:38] and operated for many years . From then on, every year
[00:24:42] I would find the most outstanding interviewees, including doctoral students, and give them to him
[00:24:45] , at least one person every year . But in fact
[00:24:49] , it was not successful in cultivating a new
[00:24:53] operator . One
[00:24:55] year, by chance, when interviewing Li Bo,
[00:24:59] he was at that time in his undergraduate studies, his academic performance was
[00:25:03] very outstanding. But he was qualified
[00:25:07] to be recommended for postgraduate studies, but he did not choose it
[00:25:09] .
[00:25:12] It was not what he hoped for. So he took the exam. I felt
[00:25:16] that he was very quick-witted during the interview.
[00:25:50] Later I found out it was about fusion
[00:25:51] .
[00:25:55] So in fact, I first understood it , but after I came in, I found that
[00:25:59] the artificial sun here is both mysterious and sacred. I secretly
[00:26:03] made a decision in my heart, if I can contribute my strength
[00:26:07] in the field of nuclear fusion , even if it is to solve a technical problem
[00:26:11] , then I feel that this life
[00:26:12] of mine
[00:26:22] . Over so many years , I actually have always had a small
[00:26:25] confusion in my heart, and I especially want to ask Teacher Duan , because the teacher pays great attention to details
[00:26:29] in his daily work. Usually , maybe in a document,
[00:27:32] the operation and construction phase of China HL-2 to
[00:27:36] HL-3 involved a lot of experience accumulation, so there was almost
[00:27:39] no room for failure in terms of technology
[00:27:43] . So if the decision is not
[00:27:46] correct, then it will lead to the possibility that this path
[00:27:50] cannot be taken later. So from another
[00:27:54] perspective
[00:27:54] .
[00:27:58] I still have a similar .
[00:32:45] This is mainly due to two reasons. On the one hand
[00:32:49] , our country is developing rapidly , and the demand for energy is growing
[00:32:52] . Currently , fossil energy as the main source
[00:32:56] of energy has a greater impact on the environment . We also need to achieve
[00:33:00] dual goals, which urges us to pursue
[00:33:04] the early realization of fusion energy . So now
[00:33:08] , our country has listed fusion as a future energy development direction
[00:33:11] in the 14th Five-Year Plan. Of course, to a certain extent,
[00:34:15] if you don't go through the early
[00:34:19] stages to release its risks
[00:34:22] , then the final construction may be able to generate electricity
[00:34:26] , but many risks will lead to fatal consequences
[00:34:29] for the next step of development. Okay
[00:34:33] , thank you, teacher, please sit down, young man .
[00:34:35] 。
[00:34:40] In fact, the question just raised by this student also involves our country's
[00:34:43] continuous adherence to
[00:36:27] . Hello, host, my name is Niu Yiming , and I am a doctoral student
[00:36:31] from the Department of Materials Science at Tsinghua University. Then you should join this team quickly. Yes
[00:36:35] , my question today is indeed related to career choices. I
[00:36:39] expect to graduate in June next year, so I really have to face
[00:36:42] the job search period in the second half of this year . And now, in fact
[00:36:46] , with the development of the times, our choices are also increasing, but at the same time, our
[00:36:50] confusions are also increasing . Because in the current
[00:36:54] era, like nuclear fusion, AI,
[00:36:57] AI actually also had a long
[00:37:14] cold winter. So for us students who are about to leave the laboratory
[00:37:17] , should we seize the opportunity of the times and choose a
[00:37:21] hot industry , or should we calm down
[00:37:25] and think about what we really want to do?
[00:38:15] The country's investment and the development
[00:38:18] at that time were still not satisfactory, especially the development level was still far
[00:38:22] behind internationally . In fact, this
[00:38:25] really belonged to the low point of the industry
[00:39:28] . The boss also hoped that I would continue to look at it, but due to
[00:39:32] my own interest in fusion, and also because
[00:39:35] of a sense of belonging
[00:39:38] to the unit, these two considerations
[00:39:41] .
[00:39:44] I continued my fusion dream
[00:44:13] So, are we not worried about energy in the future, and will there be no wars for energy
[00:44:16] , right? Then we will have more time to develop technology, but
[00:44:20] how to imagine it, we still
[00:44:24] rely on your young generation
[00:45:41] . From the perspective of competing for energy, in the future there may no longer be a struggle for oil
[00:45:44] . From China's perspective, if we can light up this light
[00:45:48] first, as we imagined just now, isn't it?
[00:45:51] From the perspective of the global community and everyone developing together
[00:45:55] and being happy together, we can also appropriately share our Chinese solutions
[00:45:59] and Chinese technology to help other countries
[00:46:03] develop peacefully together . This is
[00:46:06] certain. Because now China includes
[00:46:53] . But this cake today , in fact, our chefs
[00:46:57] are making it for us . The cake is in the pot
[00:47:00] , and in the future, it may be served hot
[00:47:04] on the table. So everyone can open their minds. Just like when
[00:47:08] we first said, when watching some science fiction movies , everyone will feel that it is in a future
[00:47:11] society that we long for but cannot reach. Today
[00:47:15] , the teacher has laid a solid foundation for this vision, that is, when our
[00:47:19] controllable fusion technology can be richly developed