CCTV1 — -2
20260810 212700 UTC
255 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
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[00:00:03] Luhua 5S pressure-fried peanut oil, invented to remove Huang Jumei.
[00:00:07] Won the National Science and Technology Progress Award.
[00:00:09] 。
[00:00:13] Healthy for the whole family.
[00:00:55] In every era, cities are the center stage
[00:00:59] for the inheritance and development of civilization. Capital- level cities are even more
[00:01:03] engraved with the rise and fall of a regime's history.
[00:01:06] 。
[00:01:10] This section of the city wall beside me is located in the old city of Zhengzhou City,
[00:01:14] Henan Province. Before the 1950s,
[00:01:18] no one knew who first built
[00:01:22] this ancient city wall. With the step-by-step exploration
[00:01:25] of archaeological excavations, the story of more than 3600 years,
[00:01:29] hidden under the dust and wind of the loess,
[00:01:33] has finally
[00:01:37] emerged.
[00:01:42] The Zhengzhou Shang City Museum, located on the east side
[00:01:45] of the Zhengzhou Shang City wall, is named after the cross-section of the wall.
[00:01:49] Here, people can touch the traces
[00:01:52] of the growth of ancient cities. I
[00:01:56] went to school for six years in the north of Chengbai Road when I was little.
[00:03:00] This city wall was built after the Warring States period by filling in the cultural layer of the Shang Dynasty.
[00:03:03] Such a large piece was directly filled in. So,
[00:03:07] from the perspective of the layers of the city wall, the Shang people built it with a sense of
[00:03:11] reverence, not just a simple "serious" attitude.
[00:03:15] During the Warring States period, it was more hastily and temporarily built.
[00:03:18] Including such a large escape route, they didn't pick it out but directly moved in.
[00:03:22] 了
[00:03:25] Over thousands of years, the texture of Zhengzhou City's growth
[00:03:29] has been recorded by the constantly added city
[00:03:32] walls of successive dynasties, like
[00:03:36] a tree ring. Peeling back the historical
[00:03:40] dust and exploring downwards, the mysterious face
[00:03:43] of the city, hidden under the layers of city walls from the Tang
[00:03:47] Dynasty, Warring States, and Ming and Qing Dynasties,
[00:03:51] finally appeared before the world.
[00:03:54] 在 世 人 面 前
[00:03:56] 。
[00:04:02] Build a city for military purposes,
[00:04:05] and rule the country with the people.
[00:04:08] "Cheng Yu Guo" originally
[00:04:11] refers to the inner and outer city walls of ancient Chinese
[00:04:15] cities. The inner city wall of the Shang City in Zhengzhou
[00:04:19] encloses the entire old city.
[00:04:23] The city wall faces approximately
[00:04:26] six degrees north by east.
[00:05:50] During the process of clearing the city wall, people discovered
[00:05:54] this jade axe in the Shang Dynasty
[00:05:57] stratum. The axe is a symbol of power
[00:06:00] and a ritual object that only Shang kings and nobles could use.
[00:06:04] The Shang people valued sacrifices. They
[00:06:08] regarded all things in nature, clan ancestors, as deities.
[00:06:12] They honored them with solemn rituals
[00:06:15] and ceremonies.
[00:06:21] buried within the city wall, to protect and bless it with its divine power.
[00:06:24] Who exactly planned
[00:06:28] and built this magnificent city?
[00:06:31] 。
[00:06:34] Historical records indicate that Tang was in Bo.
[00:06:37] Bo was interpreted by experts as the Shang
[00:06:41] Tang capital.
[00:07:43] A large number of these pottery shards with "Bo" directly written on them
[00:07:46] were discovered. This means that during the Eastern Zhou period, Zhengzhou's name
[00:07:50] was
[00:07:54] Bo. Why did Shang Tang
[00:07:57] choose Bo as his capital
[00:07:59] city?
[00:08:02] Lu Peng, a researcher at the Henan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Geography,
[00:08:06] has conducted long-term and in-depth research on the changes in the ancient environment
[00:08:10] around Zhengzhou. Today,
[00:08:13] he led his team to the Jiahe and Shangyou areas
[00:08:17] in the southwest of Zhengzhou City to conduct environmental surveys
[00:08:20] of ancient riverbeds.
[00:08:22] 。
[00:08:32] Our current location is in the Shangyou area of this river. After such a long time,
[00:08:35] this riverbed has already cut down to here, which is nearly 20 meters.
[00:08:39] What is its significance to Zhengzhou Shang City?
[00:09:12] The tribe lived by the Yellow River for a long time, and had a deep understanding
[00:09:16] of the importance of water. The drainage system
[00:09:20] of Zhengzhou Shang City was built by utilizing the Jinshui River
[00:09:24] and the Xiong'er River, two natural river channels, and then
[00:09:27] manually modifying and constructing them.
[00:09:31] Zhengzhou is located at the eastern end of the Songshan Mountain Range,
[00:09:35] with a high elevation that is beneficial for flood control.
[00:09:38] It is also at the confluence of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.
[00:09:42] Here, the great river flows through a narrow valley and enters the vast
[00:09:46] and flat North China Plain. It
[00:09:50] is in a transitional zone, so it has both the loess landform
[00:09:54] and alluvial plains. It is a relatively
[00:09:58] high landform unit in this plain.
[00:09:59] 。
[00:10:02] Before this, the flooding situation in the plain area of Zhengzhou Shang City was improved.
[00:10:06] So the Shang people building Shang City here also
[00:10:10] reflects their consideration of the natural environment of this area.
[00:10:16] Today's Zhengzhou City is located about three to five meters
[00:10:20] above the Shang Dynasty city. These three to five meters of
[00:10:24] strata record the outline of Zhengzhou City's growth
[00:10:27] through the Shang Dynasty, Warring States, Two Han Dynasties, Tang
[00:10:31] and Song Dynasties, then Ming and Qing Dynasties, and modern and contemporary
[00:10:35] times.
[00:10:38] Leaning on the city wall built in the early Shang Dynasty,
[00:10:42] the Chinese people have continuously multiplied until today.
[00:10:46] 。
[00:10:58] The ruins of the Shuyuan Street North District are located north of the south city wall
[00:11:02] of Zhengzhou Shang City, near the southwest corner of the city wall.
[00:11:06] Here, 14 newly discovered
[00:11:09] rectangular rammed earth buildings are arranged from east to west
[00:11:13] in three rows from north to south, distributed symmetrically.
[00:11:16] The rammed earth building complex covers an area of over
[00:11:20] 10,000 square meters, comparable in scale to the northeast
[00:11:24] part of Zhengzhou Shang City.
[00:12:33] This huge capital city once stood majestically
[00:12:36] among the great civilizations of the same era, but it seemed to stop developing
[00:12:40] overnight.
[00:12:44] Archeology shows that around 1450 BC,
[00:12:47] the palace area of Zhengzhou Shang City was suddenly
[00:12:51] abandoned, and the capital was lost to Shang City.
[00:13:25] The king named Zhong Ding thousands of years ago. This
[00:13:29] was the beginning of the five famous capital relocations in Shang Dynasty history.
[00:13:33] Academics generally regard these five capital relocations as the
[00:13:36] Middle Shang period. So why did King
[00:13:40] Zhong Ding of Shang move the capital from Bo
[00:13:43] to Ao? Where is Ao, as recorded in historical
[00:13:47] records?
[00:13:51] This majestic rammed earth platform is located in the center.
[00:14:33] This bronze ritual vessel with a beast face pattern has a square front,
[00:14:37] and a single-line beast face pattern. There are several rectangular holes
[00:14:41] on both sides, with dragon patterns carved around the holes.
[00:14:44] This bronze vessel, with its dignified
[00:14:48] and solemn shape, intricate and beautiful patterns, and unique form.
[00:14:52] What was it used for?
[00:14:59] At Xiaoshuangqiao, people discovered two identical
[00:15:03] vessels. This square-shaped beast-face patterned
[00:15:07] vessel is concave as a whole due to corrosion.
[00:15:11] The rectangular holes on both sides are symmetrically distributed.
[00:15:14] It is 19 centimeters high, 18.8 centimeters
[00:15:18] wide, 16.3 centimeters long,
[00:15:21] and weighs six kilograms. Such a nature.
[00:15:38] After years of subsequent excavations, people gradually
[00:15:42] realized that the Xiaoshuangqiao site was not the Zhou Bo Mu
[00:15:46] passed down locally for generations, but a rammed earth platform complex
[00:15:49] built in the mid-Shang Dynasty. This
[00:15:53] platform has a circumference
[00:15:56] of 250 meters and a height of 13 meters. It consists of
[00:16:00] a three-tiered stepped platform. Large buildings were built on the platform,
[00:16:04] possibly for large-scale rituals.
[00:17:17] In the Later Han Shu, Eastern Han,
[00:17:20] as for Zhong Ding's actions, the relationship between the Shang people and the surrounding areas had long been fractured.
[00:18:10] However, the prosperity of Xiaoshuangqiao lasted
[00:18:14] only twenty or thirty years, and the Shang Dynasty capital
[00:18:17] was relocated again. What changes
[00:18:20] happened during this period?
[00:18:23] 故
[00:18:25] ?
[00:18:27] Historical records say that since Zhong Ding,
[00:18:30] the crown prince was deposed and younger brothers were appointed,
[00:18:34] leading to fierce competition for the throne,
[00:18:38] resulting in nine generations of chaos. As a result, the princes
[00:18:41] rebelled.
[00:18:47] Later scholars speculate that the reasons for the frequent
[00:18:50] capital relocations of the Shang Dynasty included both external threats from wars and
[00:18:54] internal strife over succession to the throne. This kind of internal
[00:18:57] chaos, where everyone vied for power, lasted for nine generations of Shang kings.
[00:19:01] Until Pangeng moved the capital to
[00:19:03] Yin.
[00:19:09] Since then,
[00:19:12] there was no more capital relocation.
[00:19:15] Sima Tian's evaluation of King Pangeng was that
[00:19:19] he was a popular and beloved ruler. After
[00:19:23] Pangeng moved the capital, he followed the way of governing
[00:19:26] by Shang Tang, and the people lived in peace and
[00:19:30] stability.
[00:19:31] 。
[00:19:37] This is Anyang, Henan, the site of the late Shang capital, Yin Xu.
[00:19:41] Since the excavation began in 1928,
[00:19:44] after nearly a hundred years, the archaeology of Yin Xu
[00:19:48] has depicted to the world the magnificent
[00:19:51] Shang Dynasty capital from more than 3300
[00:19:54] years ago.
[00:19:57] 。
[00:20:26] In recent years, the urban layout of the Huanbei Shang City has become increasingly clear.
[00:20:28] The Outer City, Inner City, and Palace City are all aligned
[00:20:32] approximately 13 degrees north-northeast, following
[00:20:35] the Shang people's reverence for the northeast.
[00:21:20] So, is Huanbei Shang City actually the first place
[00:21:24] where Pan Geng settled after moving his capital to Yin? If you
[00:21:27] ask me now about my understanding of the nature of Huanbei Shang City,
[00:21:31] I can tell you that I'm still confused.
[00:21:34] At least, it is from the mid-Shang Dynasty.
[00:21:38] It is after Zhengzhou Shang City and before Yin Xu.
[00:21:41] The importance of this intermediate period is enough
[00:21:45] by itself.
[00:21:48] Although it cannot be
[00:21:50] Why is this?
[00:22:05] a constant surprise or
[00:22:16] village.
[00:23:22] At first, King Wu Ding of Shang established a new
[00:23:26] palace area in Xiaotun. The palace
[00:23:29] and ancestral temple area covers 700,000 square meters.
[00:23:33] The nearly century-long Yin Xu archaeology began here.
[00:23:37] From 1928 to the 1980s,
[00:23:41] 54 rammed earth sites were excavated here.
[00:23:44] Among
[00:23:47] them, the Group A complex.
[00:24:36] In 2019, the Anyang working group of the Institute of Archaeology,
[00:24:40] Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, resumed the exploration and excavation
[00:24:44] of the Xiaotun Palace Area. This excavation
[00:24:47] was led by researcher Yue Hongbin. A
[00:24:51] surprising discovery was gradually revealed before people's eyes.
[00:24:54] The eastern side of that courtyard site.
[00:24:58] 。
[00:25:08] So we explored this core area and found that
[00:25:12] this courtyard site should not be shallower than 16
[00:25:15] meters. The area is about 60,000 square meters,
[00:25:19] the deepest.
[00:26:35] The layout and planning of the Yinxu palace area are very different
[00:26:39] from those of the previous Shang capitals.
[00:26:42] It is built on a river bank affected by impact,
[00:26:46] and the city wall encloses the palace
[00:26:49] and new district within a large area, so that the entire
[00:26:53] palace area is surrounded by water on three sides, and a very complex
[00:26:56] and precise drainage network is established. What was the reason
[00:27:00] for this consideration?
[00:27:33] How big is it? The nearly century-long Yinxu archaeology has been expanding its
[00:27:37] area. 36 square kilometers
[00:27:40] is just a temporary number. As of today,
[00:27:44] no city walls have been found at Yinxu. This also
[00:27:48] means that this super capital of the late Shang Dynasty
[00:27:51] will continue to expand with archaeological discoveries,
[00:27:54] presenting unknown surprises to people.
[00:27:58] Since Pangeng moved to Yin,
[00:28:19] in over two centuries, with Yin Xu as the core, the Shang people spread bronze ritual and bronze production technology
[00:28:22] throughout China, and also allowed the earliest
[00:28:26] mature writing, in the form of oracle bone inscriptions,
[00:28:30] to be passed down. As
[00:28:33] a World Cultural Heritage site, the important historical status
[00:28:37] and cultural value of Yin Xu have been widely
[00:28:41] recognized by the international community.
[00:28:43] 。
[00:28:47] The Shang Dynasty, an ancient dynasty. Due to the lack
[00:28:51] of written records and archaeological data, it once felt incredibly
[00:28:54] mysterious. In 1928, the discovery
[00:28:58] of Yin Xu kicked off the scientific archaeology of the Shang Dynasty.
[00:29:01] After nearly 100 years of unremitting exploration, the mysterious
[00:29:05] veil of Shang civilization is being peeled
[00:29:09] back layer by layer, revealing its true face.
[00:29:12] 。
[00:29:16] The capital of the Shang Dynasty, Lu Jingqianxi. This
[00:29:19] city, which left its name in ancient texts but was buried
[00:29:23] in the loess, has gradually been brought to light
[00:29:27] by generations of archaeologists who worked hard and diligently,
[00:29:31] revealing its past.
[00:32:18] Standing higher,
[00:33:38] Zhang Wen Tianxia opens a brand new day.
[00:33:42] Good morning, viewers. Good morning, everyone. This is the CCTV Comprehensive Channel and.