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20260811 102200 UTC
247 transcript segments
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[00:01:04] Xucun Town, a thousand-year-old ancient town hidden between Huangshan and
[00:01:08] the mountains.
[00:01:12] More than 200 ancient buildings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties
[00:01:15] stand side by side, unfolding in layers.
[00:01:18] In a thousand years of history,
[00:01:22] from the decline of the sunset to
[00:01:25] the magnificent chapter of continuous cultural heritage.
[00:01:29] Master
[00:01:31] Shu's ancestral teachings
[00:01:34] are born here without hesitation.
[00:01:37] Generations of people pass on
[00:01:40] the prosperity of interactions with the upper class.
[00:01:45] All the flowing ancient Huizhou dialects
[00:03:02] are good. However, Xucun Town is located in the southern mountainous area of Anhui.
[00:03:05] From nowhere, a southern ancient
[00:03:08] town, why engrave the northern memories of
[00:03:12] the Gobi Desert in its folk customs?
[00:03:14] The answer is hidden in
[00:03:18] the migration path of Xucun
[00:03:20] people.
[00:03:25] Ancient Huizhou, where Xucun Town is located, is hidden in Huangshan and
[00:03:28] Tianmu Mountain.
[00:03:47] It directly connects to Jiangnan, a place of continuous
[00:03:51] culture and prosperity. The mountain roads of Fanshan and Yueling
[00:03:54] also connect to the outside world.
[00:03:57] 。
[00:05:20] The two rivers, Xiyu and Shenxi, meet in the center of the basin, forming
[00:05:26] two good waters
[00:05:28] and a double pattern.
[00:05:33] Shenxi was the earliest settlement of Xucun people.
[00:05:37] In order to make it convenient for every household to
[00:05:41] access water,
[00:06:13] these words were convenient for fetching water, and also convenient for
[00:06:17] farming and defense.
[00:06:20] The earliest two villages, Dongxi and Qianxi, grew up here.
[00:06:23] As the population grew, the villages
[00:06:26] gradually spread along the two streams up and down.
[00:06:30] The communication between water
[00:06:32] and mountain roads also closely connected
[00:06:36] these scattered villages. They
[00:06:40] slowly covered and took shape along the Fuzi River,
[00:06:43] Faxi, and Shengxi three water systems. Finally,
[00:06:47] six major areas were formed: Shacheng, Gaoyang,
[00:06:50] Dongsheng, Huanquan, Qianxi, and Jincun.
[00:06:54] Gaoyang is the facade of Xucun Town.
[00:06:57] It is located in the ancient town
[00:07:01] and is the area with the most concentrated national-level ancient architectural relics
[00:07:05] in the entire town. Shacheng Piling Fuzi River,
[00:07:08] with rice processing as its characteristic industry.
[00:07:19] It is also a gathering place for workshops such as pine smoke and bamboo weaving.
[00:07:21] Huanquan was specialized in tile firing
[00:07:25] and incense powder processing, and was one of the industrial centers
[00:07:29] of the ancient town. Dongsheng was the earliest
[00:07:33] commercial district, where businesses and residences were mixed on Dongsheng Road,
[00:07:37] with shops facing
[00:07:38] the street.
[00:08:13] The wedding banquet is held at the intersection of Gaoyang Road and Dongsheng Road.
[00:08:16] This is also the area where the most national key cultural
[00:08:20] relics and ancient buildings in Xucun Town are concentrated.
[00:08:24] Within a short hundred meters, Gaoyang Bridge, Shuangshou Chengen
[00:08:28] Square, Daguanting, and Wumafang, four
[00:08:31] ancient buildings, span the three dynasties of Yuan, Ming, and Qing.
[00:08:35] Their forms and styles vary, but they are closely adjacent.
[00:08:39] Visitors to the ancient town.
[00:08:47] But for Xucun people, this is a distant
[00:08:50] and sacred place.
[00:08:52] 。
[00:09:01] What continues is the tradition of Xucun people's family values,
[00:09:05] and the taste on their lips comes from the wisdom of Huizhou merchants'
[00:09:09] lives on their long journeys.
[00:09:14] The road is long, the climate is humid, fresh fish, fresh
[00:09:17] meat, and tofu are not easy to store. People
[00:09:21] use salting, smoking, fermenting, and air-drying methods
[00:09:25] to turn perishable ingredients into supplements that are easy
[00:09:28] to preserve and suitable for long journeys. The smelly mandarin fish
[00:09:32] of Xian'anjiang, the hairy tofu
[00:09:34] of Shendu, and the knife board box of Shexian.
[00:09:38] These Huizhou flavors that were once popular on trade routes.
[00:10:25] This ancient town is not only a composite living complex,
[00:10:29] but also a miniature collection of Huizhou culture.
[00:10:33] 集 解
[00:10:33] 。
[00:10:41] Today is Tingting's wedding day.
[00:10:45] According to the custom of the ancient town, the wedding procession
[00:10:48] must pass through the ancient building complex.
[00:10:50] 。
[00:10:52] This route, from the oldest one.
[00:11:55] It also continues to witness every important moment
[00:11:58] in Xu Village's life.
[00:12:01] After crossing Gaoyang Bridge, less than ten meters away,
[00:12:05] is the landmark building of Xucun Town, Daguanting.
[00:12:08] Daguanting has been around for nearly
[00:12:12] 30 years, with a total height of 11.75 meters,
[00:12:15] and is the tallest ancient building in Xucun Town.
[00:12:19] 。
[00:12:55] Xucun Town is located in a mountainous area. Local craftsmen
[00:12:59] cleverly integrate brick walls and wooden structures, allowing the bottom
[00:13:02] floor to connect two floors, which saves wood and
[00:13:06] enhances the stability of the building. And the most
[00:13:10] eye-catching design of Daguanting is the hidden
[00:13:13] gable roof
[00:13:14] at the top.
[00:13:20] Mostly used in important buildings such as temples and ancestral
[00:13:23] halls, the most typical one.
[00:13:55] The eaves are curved, and the black roof is high,
[00:13:58] allowing rainwater to flow down, which is more suitable
[00:14:02] for the rainy climate of southern Anhui.
[00:14:05] Daguan Mansion has the appearance of a pavilion, but
[00:14:09] it is actually an octagonal path that can be traversed.
[00:14:11] 。
[00:14:15] Taking Daguanting as the center, it happens to be located
[00:14:18] near the intersection of Fangxi and Shengxi. In the eyes of Xucun
[00:14:22] people,
[00:14:55] these undulating walls are one of the most
[00:14:58] distinctive symbols of Huizhou architecture, the horse-head wall.
[00:15:39] After the Ming Dynasty, Huizhou merchants rose,
[00:15:42] and wealthy families rebuilt their homes in their hometowns.
[00:15:46] In ancient Huizhou, flat land was scarce,
[00:15:50] houses became denser, and wooden structures became
[00:15:54] closer, leading to an increase in fires.
[00:15:56] In the 16th year of Ming Hongzhi, the core of Huizhou Prefecture ordered
[00:16:00] the implementation of the wind and fire wall system, using walls higher than
[00:16:04] the roof to separate the houses and prevent the spread of fire.
[00:16:09] From then on, the walls changed from a defensive
[00:16:12] function to a unique symbolic
[00:16:16] symbol of Huizhou
[00:16:16] architecture.
[00:16:21] What Xucun people use most often are official seal-shaped
[00:16:25] and imperial hat-shaped walls. The official seal
[00:16:29] symbolizes ancient official seals, implying smooth official careers,
[00:16:32] while the imperial hat symbolizes official
[00:16:36] positions, signifying the Xucun people's pursuit of education and official careers.
[00:17:01] This kind of green tea leaf is tightly rolled, with a green color and a unique
[00:17:05] infectious aroma. Relying on Songluo tea, Xu Shengyuan
[00:17:09] became a representative tea
[00:17:12] Years of tea business have left a clear
[00:17:16] mark on this mansion.
[00:17:18] Xu Shengyuan's mansion only has three courtyards. It looks
[00:17:22] plain from the outside, but every detail inside is exquisite.
[00:17:25] Entering the first courtyard, almost every wooden
[00:17:29] door and every carved window has exquisite wood
[00:17:33] carvings. Among them, the tea fox pattern directly
[00:17:36] confirms the Xu family's.
[00:18:07] Colored
[00:18:09] glass.
[00:18:19] Looking at it against the light, the faces of people are faintly
[00:18:22] visible on the glass. This is not ordinary
[00:18:26] glass, but old glass negatives.
[00:18:29] They preserve precious images of Xu Shixian's ancestors.
[00:18:33] During the Republic of China, they were specially photographed.
[00:18:43] These glass negatives preserved the faces of their ancestors
[00:18:47] and also reflected the sincere intention of a Huizhou merchant
[00:18:50] family's inheritance. Xu Shengyuan is just
[00:18:54] a microcosm of Xucun Huizhou merchants. During
[00:18:58] the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the footprints of Huizhou merchants
[00:19:02] in Xucun Town covered more than half of China and even overseas.
[00:19:06] Folk
[00:19:16] proverbs say that in this commercial map, Xucun Town is a key town for Huizhou merchants to go north.
[00:19:20] When Xucun merchants went out to make a living,
[00:19:23] the first road they took
[00:19:24] was the Ruolin Ancient Road.
[00:19:32] Xu Qi, a scholar of Anhui Hui Studies,
[00:19:36] has long been committed to.
[00:20:15] The vast majority of them went out through this road. In ancient Huizhou, there were many mountains and long roads, and most of the freight was transported by water, but the Huangshan Mountains crisscrossed the area, cutting off the direct connection between the Xin'an River
[00:20:19] and the Yangtze River Basin.
[00:20:21] 。
[00:20:26] The Danjia Bridge at the northern foot of Huangshan Mountain is about 40
[00:20:29] kilometers long. It officially connects the two major
[00:20:33] water systems, connecting Huizhou and the core waterway of the Yangtze River Basin.
[00:21:20] It is not only a blueprint for future generations to forge
[00:21:24] ahead, but also a key link for ancient Huizhou to integrate
[00:21:28] into the Chinese commercial system. Until today,
[00:21:31] there is still a kind of cultural and artistic treasure that once
[00:21:35] crossed mountains and ridges to the outside
[00:21:37] world.
[00:21:40] The archway in front is built in the Longqing period of the Ming Dynasty
[00:21:44] for two centenarians.
[00:21:45] 。
[00:21:58] More than four hundred years have passed, and the inscriptions on the Shuangshou Chengen Square have not been repainted, but are still clearly visible. Why can this
[00:22:02] black color withstand hundreds of years of wind
[00:22:05] and rain and remain
[00:22:07] vibrant?
[00:22:12] In the Huimo factory where Chen Guosheng is located, the ancient
[00:22:16] oil smoke ink making process has been completely preserved.
[00:22:21] Every step of the process is strictly followed,
[00:22:24] not daring to be neglected in the slightest.
[00:22:28] The red oil and the ink are mixed
[00:22:30] together.
[00:22:33] The soot it produces reaches the top of the
[00:22:37] bowl, and then we collect it, which is the raw material for making
[00:22:41] the ink. After curing for more than a year, we will make
[00:22:44] it again.
[00:23:25] This seemingly tedious repetition is the key
[00:23:29] to making the Huizhou ink like jade and as
[00:23:32] smooth as oil.
[00:23:36] After the ink stick is formed, it also needs
[00:23:40] to be cured in a drying
[00:23:41] room for a whole year.
[00:23:51] The circulation is slow.
[00:23:51] This allows the ink to slowly dry and become dense and stable.
[00:24:00] 。
[00:24:04] In 1915, a piece of Huizhou ink named "Earth Ink"
[00:24:07] was displayed at the Panama Pacific International Exposition
[00:24:11] and won a gold medal. The reason why Huizhou
[00:24:15] ink can go nationwide and overseas is inseparable
[00:24:18] from the transportation location
[00:24:21] of Xucun Town. In those days, ink
[00:24:24] came to Xucun by water, then crossed the Ruolin Ancient
[00:24:28] Road, entered the market towns of the Yangtze River Basin,
[00:24:32] and finally entered the literati's study.
[00:24:34] Ink will also go further and further
[00:24:38] through the promotion of literati. It turns ink from
[00:24:42] a consumable into an artwork,
[00:24:44] one or two gold.
[00:24:46] Later, literati, calligraphers, and painters
[00:25:03] created cultural and artistic treasures with aesthetic and collection
[00:25:06] value. This finally led to the reputation
[00:25:10] that "the best ink in the world is from Huizhou".
[00:25:12] And in Xucun Town, what the ancient Shuangshou Chengen
[00:25:16] Square has left behind is not only the long-lasting
[00:25:20] charm of Huizhou ink, but also a building symbol
[00:25:24] that continues the unique style of Huizhou, the upside-down lion.
[00:25:27] The ancient stone lions commonly seen are mostly
[00:25:31] sitting upright and majestic, but the stone lion
[00:25:34] on this archway has its head down and its tail
[00:25:37] up. Why would they hang the lion upside
[00:25:41] down?
[00:25:43] In ancient times, the lion symbolized warding off evil and protecting
[00:25:46] the home, but the Ming Dynasty's etiquette was strict.
[00:25:50] The powerful gatekeepers were mostly for official use,
[00:25:54] and ordinary people could not use them privately.
[00:25:58] The resourceful Huizhou people found a clever way to
[00:26:01] invite the lion from
[00:27:52] the front of the gate.
[00:27:58] Do you know what our school's motto is? "Learning
[00:28:36] from enlightened education to national sentiment, integrity,
[00:28:39] wisdom, and strictness." This spirit
[00:28:43] has long been integrated into the blood of Xucun
[00:28:46] people, becoming the confidence and character of this thousand-year-old
[00:28:50] ancient town, which thrives endlessly.
[00:29:38] Today, Xucun Town is still a vibrant facet of ancient
[00:29:42] Huizhou culture. Its vitality is endless,
[00:29:45] ,
[00:29:47] passed down. Amidst the green mountains
[00:29:51] and clear waters of southern Anhui, Xucun Town is quietly
[00:29:55] writing a new legend of a thousand-year-old
[00:29:57] ancient town.