CCTV1 — -4
20260821 143600 UTC
265 transcript segments
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[00:00:03] By focusing on brand and technological development, Chinese enterprises can stand strong globally
[00:00:07] and become a world-renowned
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[00:00:11] 。
[00:00:19] Eliminating the invention patent of curcumin technology.
[00:00:22] 。
[00:00:37] This is youth. This is living youth. Living youth is true youth. Living
[00:00:41] youth starts with a healthy lifestyle. Amway Nutrilite.
[00:00:45] 力 扭 催 来 。
[00:01:06] Because of love, Nicholas Tse's co-branded
[00:01:10] series quickly
[00:01:11] launched.
[00:01:16] Open a bottle of glue wine.
[00:01:20] Drink with a few friends.
[00:01:23] For gatherings, choose good wine.
[00:01:26] 。
[00:02:15] is a plain-weave single garment. This single garment is
[00:02:18] 128 centimeters long and has a sleeve length of 190 centimeters,
[00:02:22] with a thickness of approximately 0.05 to 0.08
[00:02:25] millimeters. It has wide sleeves and weighs only
[00:02:29] 49 grams.
[00:02:32] It weighs less than an egg, and when folded, it can fit into a small matchbox.
[00:02:35] It presented a technical mystery. Under the
[00:02:39] production conditions of that time, how did the ancients manage to
[00:02:43] weave such light and thin garments
[00:02:46] with their memory and ingenuity? What force drove
[00:02:49] them to push the silk weaving craft to its extreme?
[00:02:52] ?
[00:03:02] As time flows, the plain-weave single garment
[00:03:05] is now displayed in the showcase of the Hunan Provincial Museum. Through
[00:03:09] the glass, visitors can gaze at it.
[00:03:13] 。
[00:03:17] This replica was unearthed from Changsha City, Hunan Province,
[00:03:21] from the two flat-topped burial mounds shaped like saddled horses,
[00:03:25] located
[00:03:26] in the city.
[00:03:29] In 1972, after
[00:03:32] 2200 years of slumber, the Mawangdui Han tombs were excavated.
[00:03:36] 。
[00:03:40] Nearly a hundred Han Dynasty silk artifacts were unearthed,
[00:03:43] in astonishing numbers, setting new archaeological records for silk.
[00:03:47] Many categories were unprecedented.
[00:03:51] 。
[00:05:00] This plain-weave silk spanning two millennia not only embodies the
[00:05:04] exquisite craftsmanship of Han Dynasty artisans but also conceals
[00:05:08] the secrets of Western Han
[00:05:09] weaving.
[00:05:12] For many years, numerous cultural and museum researchers and
[00:05:16] textile experts have been exploring its weaving techniques.
[00:05:36] In 2017, under the guidance of the National Cultural Heritage Administration, the Jiangsu
[00:05:40] Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute began
[00:07:15] tracing the origin of plain-weave silk, from reeling silk to weaving.
[00:07:18] Every step requires extreme precision, demanding that the
[00:07:22] weaver possess almost obsessive experience and dedication.
[00:07:25] 。
[00:07:28] Today, although the principles of weaving can be traced back to the Han
[00:07:32] Dynasty, the real difficulty lies in the silk itself.
[00:07:35] The three-strand raw silk used in the Han
[00:07:39] Dynasty had fewer cotton impurities.
[00:07:57] Following ancient methods, the reproduction team finally selected
[00:08:01] 11-denier fine three-year raw silk. This
[00:08:05] means that 9,000 meters of silk thread weigh only about
[00:08:08] 11 grams.
[00:08:19] Even with today's advanced technology, the path to reproduction
[00:08:23] is still full of challenges, and another
[00:08:26] test is hidden in the garment's details.
[00:08:29] In addition to the main plain-weave silk, its collar
[00:08:33] and cuffs are also woven with Han Dynasty-style three-dimensional
[00:08:36] "ring" patterns.
[00:08:38] 。
[00:09:12] This is the most difficult throughout Chinese history.
[00:09:15] 的
[00:09:18] The three-dimensional effect of the "ring" pattern comes from a sophisticated
[00:09:22] weaving technique. It uses multi-colored
[00:09:25] warp threads interwoven with single-colored weft threads. The key is the
[00:09:29] combination of two types of weft threads. One
[00:09:32] is woven into the fabric, forming the basic
[00:09:36] weave. The other is a temporary weft designed specifically
[00:09:39] for shaping. It acts like a temporary support.
[00:09:44] During the manufacturing process, the warp threads are lifted, forming
[00:09:48] raised "rings".
[00:09:49] 。
[00:09:53] Only the full, three-dimensional patterns are left. Some
[00:09:56] scholars believe that the Han Dynasty used ramie thread as the temporary weft.
[00:10:00] However, in this reproduction, researchers chose to use
[00:10:04] smoother and finer fishing line instead.
[00:10:07] 。
[00:10:13] After 12 years, the reproduction of the plain-weave single garment was finally
[00:10:16] completed. Its weight, shape, and texture are almost
[00:10:20] identical to the original. However, the significance of reproduction
[00:10:24] goes far beyond that.
[00:10:55] If plain silk achieved the ultimate in simplicity, then Han brocade,
[00:10:59] with its intricate and magnificent weaving, captured the beliefs and
[00:11:03] aspirations of an era. In the hearts of the ancients,
[00:11:06] brocade was more than just magnificent clothing. It was imbued with
[00:11:10] auspicious meaning, carrying their hopes for life.
[00:11:13] Phrases like "beautiful as brocade," "brocade-like clothes," and "brocade
[00:11:17] returns to hometown," these idioms, passed down for thousands of years,
[00:11:21] reflect the ancients' deep feelings and aspirations for brocade. Even today, they are
[00:11:25] frequently quoted.
[00:11:28] The magnificence of Han brocade lies in its intricate and exquisite patterns.
[00:11:31] These patterns not only served as decoration
[00:11:35] but also embodied the aesthetics and thoughts of that time.
[00:11:37] 。
[00:11:40] In the context of all Chinese silk, among different varieties,
[00:11:43] it is a type of the highest grade.
[00:11:47] Its highest grade is mainly attributed to two things. One is that, from
[00:11:51] its effect, it has a very magnificent effect. We,
[00:12:05] all kinds of animals at the end,
[00:12:08] plus the theme of rice patterns,
[00:12:11] actually illustrate people's
[00:12:15] cosmology at that time. This view, in particular, is an expression of the Taoist idea of "immortals." The whole world,
[00:12:25] we can see immortal mountains, divine mountains in the clouds.
[00:12:29] These are all things that enable people to pursue longevity,
[00:12:32] pursue immortality,
[00:12:36] such a scene.
[00:12:38] 。
[00:12:41] The evolution of ancient Chinese brocade patterns followed a trajectory from
[00:12:45] simple to complex, from concrete to symbolic, unfolding
[00:12:49] a scroll of intertwined memories and concepts. It recorded the jacquard technology.
[00:12:52] 他 记 录 着 提 花 技 术 的 。
[00:13:04] Some scholars believe that early brocade mainly featured repeating geometric patterns.
[00:13:08] During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, pattern design gradually broke away
[00:13:12] from the single geometric pattern constraint. By the
[00:13:15] Han Dynasty, cloud patterns appeared on woven brocade,
[00:13:19] coexisting with traditional geometric patterns.
[00:13:21] 。
[00:13:39] Interspersed throughout are auspicious characters woven into the warp and weft,
[00:13:43] with swirling lines and alternating patterns of reality
[00:13:46] and illusion, creating a rich and
[00:13:50] dynamic world on the brocade fabric.
[00:13:51] 界
[00:13:54] The silkworm is a large family, it has come all the way from 5000 years ago,
[00:13:58] and it has been constantly enriched. We say 14 major categories,
[00:14:02] such as "silk," "brocade," "damask," "gauze," and "satin." Everyone is familiar with these, which is
[00:14:05] normal because they are made of silk. Have you noticed that the character for "brocade"
[00:14:09] has the "gold" radical? This comes from "heavy as gold" and "thin as silk." This shows
[00:14:13] what?
[00:14:14] ?
[00:14:19] Its value is like gold, precisely because its manufacturing difficulty and technological content
[00:14:23] are very high. Han brocade patterns are
[00:14:27] intricate and fluid, with swirling clouds and fantastic beasts.
[00:14:30] How did Han Dynasty artisans manage to precisely
[00:14:34] weave such soaring imaginations into
[00:14:37] the warp and weft with such ingenuity and skill?
[00:14:40] 。
[00:14:44] The ingenious weaving of Han brocade is inseparable from a revolutionary
[00:14:48] invention of its time. In 2013, four
[00:14:52] loom models were unearthed from the Laoguanshan Han Tomb in Chengdu, Sichuan.
[00:15:28] The evolution of technology promoted the innovation
[00:15:32] of ancient Chinese weaving
[00:15:33] techniques.
[00:15:37] Archaeological discoveries confirm that as early as
[00:15:41] four to five thousand years ago, during the Liangzhu culture period of the Neolithic
[00:15:45] Age, primitive forms of looms had already appeared.
[00:15:48] 。
[00:15:51] The earliest form was likely a primitive backstrap loom, and this
[00:15:54] loom actually had no frame.
[00:15:57] 。
[00:16:07] The development of weaving technology and patterns
[00:16:11] was a very important and key point in its development.
[00:16:14] 。
[00:16:17] From the Warring States to the Han Dynasty, looms underwent a revolutionary
[00:16:21] breakthrough, as evidenced by a Han Dynasty
[00:16:25] loom model, on which
[00:16:27] foot treadles
[00:16:29] appeared.
[00:16:35] Using both hands, the efficiency was doubled.
[00:17:37] thin plates used to control the rising and falling of warp threads
[00:17:41] according to the pattern rules, creating a precise framework for the floral
[00:17:45] patterns. The more plates, the more complex
[00:17:49] the woven patterns.
[00:17:49] 。
[00:17:56] Researchers at the China National Silk Museum used the loom models
[00:18:00] from the Laoguanshan Han Tomb as a basis, combined with textual
[00:18:04] references and contemporary silk patterns for repeated experimentation.
[00:18:37] The "gou zeng" was a device on Han Dynasty jacquard looms that used hooks to connect
[00:18:41] multiple "zeng" plates. It worked in conjunction with
[00:18:45] foot treadles.
[00:19:02] After our research and restoration, we found that it has two forms. One is
[00:19:05] a loom with a "hua guang" hook and lift mechanism.
[00:19:38] computer. It relies on a multi-heald lifting device to store the pattern
[00:19:42] designs in advance. During the manufacturing process,
[00:19:46] by lifting the corresponding heald plates to control the rising
[00:19:49] and falling of warp threads, the pattern information is gradually released,
[00:19:53] transforming complex patterns into repeatable manufacturing procedures.
[00:19:57] This allowed multi-heald jacquard looms to mass-produce
[00:20:00] repeating patterns, reflecting the high wisdom of Han Dynasty
[00:20:04] weaving.
[00:20:07] This was a revolutionary innovation over two thousand years
[00:20:11] ago.
[00:20:14] This technology created a batch of exquisite Han brocades.
[00:20:28] Written Han brocades were unearthed in large quantities
[00:20:32] in places like Xinjiang Loulan and
[00:20:34] Niya.
[00:20:37] Phoenix, etc. are Chinese characters from the East,
[00:21:45] The ancients observed the stars of water, earth, and fire,
[00:21:50] regarding this auspicious phenomenon as a sign of national peace and prosperity.
[00:21:54] The brocade fabric, with its blue, yellow,
[00:21:57] green, white, and red five-colored warp threads, subtly echoed
[00:22:01] the Five Elements philosophy prevalent in the Han Dynasty.
[00:22:03] In the Han Dynasty, Taoism was revered. We talk about
[00:22:07] metal, wood, water, fire, earth; green, red, yellow, white, black; and also
[00:22:11] the five musical notes, five colors, five forms, five directions. In fact, these all
[00:22:15] formed their own complete system during the Han
[00:22:18] Dynasty. Some scholars believe that the Five
[00:22:22] Elements philosophy of the Han Dynasty was integrated into silk weaving craftsmanship. The five-colored
[00:22:26] brocade, "Five Stars Rise from the East, Benefiting China," is a highly representative
[00:22:29] Han Dynasty brocade in terms of craftsmanship
[00:22:33] and intricate patterns.
[00:22:34] 。
[00:22:39] In 2016, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cultural Relics
[00:22:42] and Archaeology Research Institute, in collaboration with the China
[00:22:46] National Silk Museum, jointly applied for a reproduction project,
[00:24:20] and then gradually released it.
[00:24:21] 。
[00:24:24] The emergence of the jacquard loom allowed Han Dynasty weaving
[00:24:28] to precisely coordinate the intricate colors and
[00:24:32] patterns between the warp and weft, integrating cloud patterns, fantastic
[00:24:35] beasts, and auspicious phrases into one, creating
[00:24:39] the legendary "inch of brocade, inch of gold"
[00:24:42] Han brocade.
[00:25:05] As a precious physical evidence for studying the Han Dynasty political
[00:25:09] system, it not only clearly points to the official identity of the Han
[00:25:12] Dynasty's "Zuo Ling Cheng," but also directly reveals a governmental
[00:25:16] agency within Chang'an City, directly managed by the imperial court, specializing
[00:25:20] in the production of high-end silk goods: the Dongzhi Shi. This indicates that
[00:25:24] weaving was not only a manifestation of skill but also an embodiment of state
[00:25:28] institutions and governance.
[00:25:31] The "Baiguan Gongqing Biao" in the Book of Han records that the Shaofu's
[00:25:35] subordinate officials included the Dongzhi and Xizhi Lingcheng,
[00:25:39] who were specifically responsible for the production of high-grade silk products for the
[00:25:42] imperial court. The technological and artistic achievements of the Qin and Han Dynasties in
[00:25:46] city planning and architectural construction were unparalleled.
[00:26:11] Hanyangling is the mausoleum of Emperor Jing of Han, Liu
[00:26:15] Qi, the fourth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and Empress Wang.
[00:27:17] Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing repeatedly issued edicts encouraging agriculture and sericulture. The empress personally participated in sericulture
[00:27:21] rituals, promoting weaving and spinning. Emperor Wu of Han
[00:27:24] established the Grand Minister of Agriculture to oversee all agricultural and sericultural affairs
[00:27:27] nationwide. The Weiyang Palace established the Eastern and Western Weaving
[00:27:31] Workshops, and local governments also set them up.
[00:28:02] I think it has a very important and consistent standard in execution.
[00:28:06] 。
[00:28:11] The production process of patterns is fixed.
[00:28:14] 。
[00:28:16] The results of standardized production are evidenced by unearthed
[00:28:20] cultural relics from various vassal tombs.
[00:28:23] The golden and silver flame-patterned brocade unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb
[00:28:27] in Changsha, its patterns are similar to those found in
[00:28:31] Guangzhou.
[00:29:03] to exhibit control. We can see from the King of Nan Yue's Tomb, from Mawangdui,
[00:29:07] that there was a large amount of hand production
[00:29:10] there. Embroidery, printing.
[00:29:14] The manufacturing is all very similar. We suspect that among
[00:29:18] the silk products obtained from these kings at that time,
[00:29:21] a large portion of them was very likely
[00:29:25] produced by specialized methods.
[00:29:29] Otherwise, it would be difficult to do so much.
[00:29:39] The concentrated area of silk production in the Western Han Dynasty.
[00:29:45] The division of silk production continued to expand,
[00:29:50] hearing "om," "Changfu," and other numerous creations.
[00:30:51] Silk has since crossed mountains and oceans, becoming a dazzling symbol of China in East-West
[00:30:54] exchanges.
[00:30:56] 。
[00:36:14] .