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20261010 202000 UTC
319 transcript segments
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[00:00:48] This is a clear sandstorm from the Siberian
[00:00:51] plateau. At this moment, this sandstorm
[00:00:55] is approaching inland China with a wind speed of more than 100 kilometers
[00:00:59] per hour.
[00:01:16] With its weak body, it tries to slow down the wind speed. This is licorice.
[00:01:17] 。
[00:01:21] Born in the wilderness, belonging to the wilderness, this
[00:01:25] plant, by nature, yearns for freedom. For thousands of
[00:01:28] years, it has given back to people.
[00:01:43] It has given us endless warmth and sweet dryness. Licorice is one of the most widely used and important
[00:01:46] herbs. Its roots and rhizomes are used as medicine,
[00:01:50] and it is named for its sweetness. In Zhang
[00:01:53] Zhongjing's "Treatise on Cold Damage" of the Eastern Han Dynasty, among the 113
[00:01:56] prescriptions, 70 contain licorice.
[00:02:01] In terms of frequency of use among all medicinal materials, it ranks first.
[00:02:04] However, licorice does not steal the
[00:02:08] show. In prescriptions, it is often used in very small
[00:02:12] quantities, greatly reducing the possibility of toxic side effects
[00:02:15] between various medicinal materials, becoming a well-deserved master of
[00:02:19] balance among important materials. It was praised
[00:02:23] by famous doctors of all dynasties, such as Tao Hongjing and Li Shizhen, as the
[00:02:26] "Elder of Medicine."
[00:02:32] In Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, the Ordos Grassland and the Kubuqi
[00:02:36] Desert intersect. At noon,
[00:02:40] the surface temperature of the desert is nearly 70 degrees
[00:02:43] Celsius. Sandstorms and strong light make
[00:02:47] the survival of cave plants difficult. However, licorice
[00:02:51] blooms in the hottest July.
[00:02:55] 。
[00:02:57] The licorice flowers extend into layered flower
[00:03:00] cups. The layered petals wait in the scorching sun for
[00:03:04] pollinators to
[00:03:05] arrive.
[00:03:09] A blade of grass wants
[00:03:11] to become a medicine. In every stage of its flowering and fruiting, it
[00:03:15] faces challenges everywhere.
[00:04:14] Before it matures, it is threatened by pests and viruses.
[00:04:18] At the same time, it is also an important source of ingredients for many
[00:04:22] plants. The tannins in licorice are one of the main
[00:04:26] categories.
[00:04:30] However, for animals, after tannins react with proteins in
[00:04:34] saliva, they produce a dry sensation, which cannot
[00:04:38] satisfy picky tastes. In the lower stage, where every
[00:04:42] opportunity is seized for growth, licorice temporarily escapes a
[00:04:45] disaster.
[00:04:49] Not only that, the movement of sheep can also carry
[00:04:53] pollen with them, completing the mission of pollination while having
[00:04:57] a full meal. Standing,
[00:05:13] a
[00:05:14] blade of grass,
[00:05:19] but its roots continue to grow underground,
[00:05:21] never stopping, like a cold stream.
[00:05:38] This is the root system of a licorice plant that has grown for about 20 years.
[00:05:43] All the intertwined roots in front of us come from the same
[00:05:47] plant. A year ago, She Haiyan accidentally
[00:05:51] discovered this licorice root while directing the harvest. She
[00:05:55] and her friends dug for three full days before they could
[00:05:58] completely dig out
[00:05:59] this plant.
[00:06:05] 15 kilograms. Most of them are quite fleshy.
[00:06:08] This is the first time I've seen something like this in over
[00:06:12] 30 years. Look at its thickness, your small hand can't
[00:06:15] even grasp it. The growth cycle of cultivated
[00:06:19] licorice is usually around three years. But
[00:06:23] this licorice, which has grown for nearly 20 years, still has rich
[00:06:27] and stable medicinal active ingredients. Especially
[00:06:31] this.
[00:06:59] Approximately 410 million years ago, plants evolved roots, and from then on began their slow march to land. Learning to absorb and store water was a new
[00:07:03] challenge in this evolution.
[00:07:04] 。
[00:08:13] So, what kind of growth environment can provide better
[00:08:17] conditions for the formation of licorice's medicinal properties?
[00:08:20] ?
[00:08:23] This is the national distribution map of licorice
[00:08:26] resources. In the fourth resource survey, we conducted
[00:08:30] detailed statistics on the wild resources
[00:08:33] and cultivated resources of each medicinal material.
[00:08:36] In the Hulunbuir and Xilin Gol Grassland areas,
[00:08:40] the distribution of licorice is relatively small.
[00:09:18] This is a secret only roots know. Down, down, continuously
[00:09:22] down. One meter, two
[00:09:25] meters. The main root of this wild licorice still shows no sign
[00:09:29] of thinning.
[00:09:32] Seeking water is a plant's lifelong pursuit.
[00:09:35] Where people can see,
[00:09:38] it is just a small sprout that has just sprouted.
[00:09:43] Below the ground, however, it can often extend two
[00:09:47] or three meters, which is more than ten times the visible
[00:09:50] biomass above ground. The developed root
[00:09:53] system and root nodules can efficiently absorb
[00:09:56] groundwater.
[00:09:59] The crisscrossing fibrous roots and underground
[00:10:02] stems, coupled with the nitrogen-fixing effect of the legume root
[00:10:06] nodules, firmly hold the sandy soil in place,
[00:10:10] preventing sandstorms from washing
[00:10:12] inland. It has become a well-deserved sand-fixing
[00:10:16] pioneer. In the desert, it supports a green
[00:10:19] oasis. Licorice itself is
[00:10:23] a hardy plant.
[00:10:26] Its distribution is very wide, and in the entire grassland area, it is also
[00:10:30] an important ecological advantage species,
[00:10:33] which plays a good role in environmental protection, especially
[00:10:37] for the sand control at the edge of the grassland
[00:10:41] desert. It is a good windbreak and sand-fixing plant. Therefore, in some
[00:10:44] grassland areas, to protect the grassland, licorice is also planted, allowing
[00:10:48] licorice to grow naturally, which can play a very good protective role. So,
[00:10:52] it is both a medicine and
[00:10:56] a food ingredient, and also a very good natural
[00:11:00] and important ecological protection.
[00:11:02] 。
[00:11:05] Desert spiders crawl out of their holes. They sense
[00:11:09] something unusual in the air. The rain is about to
[00:11:12] come.
[00:11:16] 。
[00:11:27] Licorice has adapted
[00:11:27] to the dry environment.
[00:11:35] After the rain, the leaves of the grass begin to soften and recede.
[00:11:40] This return to grass once again becomes food.
[00:11:55] At this time, the seeds ripen,
[00:12:05] and are eaten by the sheep along with the
[00:12:09] stems and leaves. Soon after, they are excreted
[00:12:13] with the feces. As the sheep move, the grass
[00:12:16] seeds are trampled into the soil, and the hard
[00:12:19] seed coat has not yet softened, greatly increasing the germination
[00:12:23] rate. A spring breeze
[00:12:56] blows, and the seeds, thanks to the establishment of the gene bank, are preserved.
[00:12:58] We have established
[00:13:02] a seed gene bank for the Inner Mongolia region at the school. This
[00:13:06] is of great significance for the important resources of the Inner Mongolia
[00:13:10] region. On the one hand, the preservation of seed
[00:13:13] resources is the core of resource protection. On the other hand,
[00:13:17] when these seed resources are stored in the gene bank,
[00:13:20] we will evaluate the quality of these seeds. So, for this.
[00:13:30] The purple skin is intact.
[00:13:35] A small, sweet kernel.
[00:13:43] Gentle and smooth.
[00:13:50] From the cross-section, it can be seen that the licorice seeds have a thick seed coat.
[00:13:56] This is the weapon it has evolved for
[00:13:58] reproduction.
[00:14:01] 。
[00:14:03] Licorice, this kind of plant, mainly lives in the
[00:14:07] junction of grassland and desert. So, the seed coat
[00:14:11] of mature licorice seeds is very thick and very
[00:14:14] hard. On the one hand, it can prevent insect
[00:14:18] infestation. On the other hand, it can retain moisture and
[00:14:22] oxygen. A mature licorice seed, stored on the
[00:14:26] ground for more than ten years, its germination rate can still reach
[00:14:29] over 60%, which shows that the seed coat plays a crucial
[00:14:33] role. To what extent can the protective effect of the
[00:14:37] seed coat on licorice seeds
[00:14:39] reach?
[00:14:45] Corrosion, carbonization, burning.
[00:14:49] Concentrated sulfuric acid has extremely strong dehydrating
[00:14:52] and corrosive properties. Most
[00:14:56] substances will be completely disfigured the moment they come
[00:14:59] into contact with it.
[00:15:04] Pour the same concentrated sulfuric acid into a petri
[00:15:08] dish containing licorice seeds. After five minutes of immersion,
[00:15:11] the grass seeds are still intact. In
[00:15:15] the past for a long time, concentrated sulfuric acid,
[00:15:18] like the gastric acid of sheep, was once a good
[00:15:22] helper for softening seed coats and promoting grass seed germination.
[00:15:27] Gao Wenzhi examination.
[00:15:30] If the time is not ripe, this seed, only a few
[00:15:33] millimeters in diameter, will remain dormant.
[00:16:08] To ensure the vitality of the seeds in the gene bank,
[00:16:12] Professor Li Minghui goes to different places every year to collect
[00:16:15] that year's grass seeds and store them in the school's
[00:16:18] gene bank.
[00:16:21] In the work of wild seed resource surveys, he often needs
[00:16:25] to walk several kilometers in the desert to find
[00:16:28] suitable plants for collection. Every year,
[00:16:32] we have field missions, which means going
[00:16:35] to collect wild licorice seeds.
[00:16:55] The skin is reddish, the cut surface is smooth, the aroma
[00:16:58] is fragrant and sweet, and the content of glycyrrhizic acid and
[00:17:02] glycyrrhetinic acid is sufficient
[00:17:03] and stable.
[00:17:37] After washing and removing impurities, soaking, and simmering, it softens.
[00:17:41] The trimmed licorice is of uniform thickness. After
[00:17:45] slicing, it is air-dried and sun-dried in a
[00:17:48] ventilated place.
[00:17:50] Licorice is divided into raw and processed
[00:17:53] forms.
[00:17:56] The honey-frying method often appears with
[00:17:59] licorice. Pour honey into a copper pot,
[00:18:02] heat and boil. This
[00:18:05] process is called honey refining.
[00:18:08] The color continuously deepens, and "ox-eye"
[00:18:11] bubbles appear. At this time, add licorice
[00:18:15] and an appropriate amount of boiling water, allowing the honey
[00:18:19] to evenly coat the licorice. After it is drained,
[00:18:23] spread it out on a bamboo mat and dry it for 48
[00:18:26] hours. The processing of
[00:18:28] honey-fried licorice is complete.
[00:18:34] Processing further reduces the raw licorice's
[00:18:39] effect. The addition of honey, firstly, helps control the
[00:18:42] heat, and secondly, makes it more moist and easily absorbed.
[00:18:46] Therefore, there is a saying that raw use clears heat and detoxifies,
[00:18:49] while processed use tonifies the middle
[00:18:51] and replenishes qi.
[00:18:59] In traditional Chinese medicine, medicines are formulated in combinations.
[00:19:03] According to the different functions of each medicine in the prescription, they
[00:19:07] are divided into monarch, minister, assistant, and guide. This was first
[00:19:10] proposed in the "Shennong Ben Cao Jing" of the Han
[00:19:13] Dynasty. The main medicine targeting the main syndrome is the
[00:19:17] monarch. The auxiliary medicine that helps the main medicine to exert
[00:19:21] its effect is the minister. The medicine that treats the concomitant syndromes is
[00:19:23] the assistant. The medicine that guides the other medicines to the
[00:19:27] affected area or harmonizes the medicines is called
[00:19:29] the guide. Licorice often exhibits
[00:19:33] the characteristic of harmonizing and coordinating, appearing as a guide
[00:19:36] medicine.
[00:19:39] For licorice, processing is not to strengthen its
[00:19:42] efficacy; on the contrary, it is to reduce the
[00:19:46] medicinal properties of licorice itself, so as to better
[00:19:50] exert its guiding effect. Harmonizing and coordinating,
[00:19:54] not contending.
[00:20:10] Licorice in
[00:20:12] Inner
[00:20:15] Mongolia is called "sweet root." Peel off the skin of the root, and you can taste
[00:20:18] a hint of sweetness.
[00:20:21] The sweetness of licorice comes from glycyrrhizic acid. Although
[00:20:25] it is called acid, its sweetness is about
[00:20:29] 250 times that of sugar. Even
[00:20:32] if it is diluted with 4,000 times its volume of
[00:20:35] water, it can still taste sweet.
[00:20:44] Thousands of miles away, Chaozhou people boil
[00:20:47] licorice water and add sliced fruit.
[00:22:33] Licorice has graced the world with its presence.
[00:22:40] For thousands of years, at this moment of enjoying life, drinking tea and wine,
[00:23:21] After Dongmang, during the Longdong season, farmers
[00:23:25] and herdsmen gather on the grassland with their furs
[00:23:28] and medicinal materials. Horse racing, wrestling,
[00:23:32] archery, all kinds of thrilling and exciting competitions, enchanting
[00:23:36] songs and dances, all celebrate the same thing, a good
[00:23:40] harvest.
[00:23:40] 。
[00:23:47] This building was built in the 1970s.
[00:24:20] This is the Ulias of the Qing Dynasty.
[00:24:23] In our land, in a place called
[00:24:27] Baland, there was a
[00:24:31] trade that people came to establish
[00:24:34] this kind of fire
[00:24:36] for our herdsmen,
[00:24:38] and then it went on
[00:24:41] as a train. This is
[00:24:44] now a well-known place.
[00:24:47] юмаа.
[00:24:50] Across the road, there is an Aobao built
[00:24:54] with licorice. Although small in size, it has
[00:24:58] a history of over 100 years. Legend
[00:25:00] has it that a "licorice king" was unearthed here.
[00:25:04] People then piled up firewood on the grass
[00:25:08] house where the licorice king was enshrined, forming an Aobao,
[00:25:12] to pray for a good licorice harvest. Because this is the
[00:25:15] highland of the northwest, people who came from far away saw
[00:25:19] the Aobao and knew they had reached their destination.
[00:25:53] In October, Inner Mongolia ushered in a short
[00:25:56] autumn frost. Medicinal herb farmers
[00:25:59] had to complete the planting of licorice roots before the
[00:26:05] frost. A new round of autumn sowing
[00:26:09] began at the same time as the harvest. To maintain
[00:26:13] the integrity of the roots and reduce the difficulty of
[00:26:16] harvesting caused by deep rooting, people decided to
[00:26:19] transplant licorice.
[00:26:20] 。
[00:26:30] And then this one.
[00:26:48] Sow the seeds slowly, and the licorice seedlings are buried
[00:26:51] in the soil. Three years later,
[00:26:55] a small seedling will transform here
[00:26:58] into a medicinal plant.
[00:27:37] Originally, licorice growing on the edge of the desert
[00:27:41] was not adapted to a stable and comfortable artificial environment.
[00:27:45] Modern cultivation uses a method of forcing water
[00:27:49] and fertilizer, with less water and fertilizer, or even no
[00:27:52] water or fertilizer. This not only saves costs but also
[00:27:56] provides licorice with a relatively familiar growth environment,
[00:28:00] which helps the accumulation of
[00:28:07] medicinal properties, forming a virtuous cycle. Regarding the quality of licorice, one aspect is the species, and the other is the environment. There is a saying
[00:28:10] that a good environment yields a good yield, and a harsh environment yields good quality.
[00:28:14] When there is a lot of water, it grows more like starchy
[00:28:18] things. Like glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizic acid, some of them are
[00:28:22] secondary metabolites. Some of these secondary metabolites
[00:28:26] are produced by plants as a kind of antibody
[00:28:29] to resist natural drought or diseases and pests and
[00:28:33] other unfavorable environments. So, in a natural state, it
[00:28:37] produces resistance to drought, cold, diseases and pests,
[00:28:41] and other external interferences. Only under harsh conditions
[00:28:45] can there be a high content of these
[00:28:47] medicinal ingredients.
[00:28:49] Deep in the desert, wild licorice continues
[00:28:53] to grow, one by one,
[00:28:57] clump by clump, patch by patch,
[00:29:01] constantly rooting deeper. It firmly
[00:29:04] locks the desert. In the
[00:29:07] laboratory, Professor Li Minghui completed the selection of
[00:29:11] seeds and stored this year's grass seeds
[00:29:14] in the gene bank.
[00:29:17] A blade of grass, born in the desert,
[00:29:21] has the heroic spirit and wildness of defying sandstorms. Yet,
[00:29:25] it leaves the gentlest sweet taste to the
[00:29:27] world. From the Eastern Han Dynasty
[00:29:31] to the present, licorice is
[00:30:16] an ecological advantage product from Mount Yimeng.
[00:30:20] The northern tail is 350 degrees Celsius.
[00:31:45] Give the mountain wings of comprehensive revitalization.
[00:31:48] 。
[00:31:53] Let the desert wear the green attire of harmonious coexistence.
[00:32:12] During the 15th Five-Year Plan, looking to the future.
[00:32:16] Under the vast sky, all things coexist.
[00:32:19] Birds are an important component
[00:32:22] of the natural ecosystem.
[00:32:25] China's Wildlife Protection Law prohibits
[00:32:28] illegal hunting, buying,
[00:32:32] selling, transporting,
[00:32:35] and using nationally protected wild birds.
[00:32:38] Eating methods,
[00:32:42] hunting birds and rare birds.