CCTV1 — -1
20261012 143500 UTC
260 transcript segments
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Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record.

[00:00:18] all living things coexist. Birds
[00:00:22] are an important component of the natural ecosystem.
[00:00:25] China's Wild Animal Protection
[00:00:28] Law.
[00:00:47] CCTV Great Wall Honor Brand.
[00:02:02] The history you can taste,
[00:02:05] 453 years, Guojiao 1573.
[00:02:19] These shell middens, one by one, on the flat island, were discarded
[00:02:23] in one place by ancient people after eating meat more than 7,000
[00:02:26] years ago.
[00:03:30] After the tide receded, they greedily picked up shells. People moved with
[00:03:34] the tide, treating the sea as their field. This
[00:03:38] wisdom of survival, intertwined with the vast sea, has transcended time
[00:03:41] and endured
[00:03:43] until today.
[00:03:48] Pan Xuechun, a researcher at the Fujian Museum, has presided over archaeological surveys
[00:03:52] and excavations of prehistoric sites in Fujian
[00:03:56] many times. He most hoped to discover this kind of thing.
[00:04:00] One is a cave, a limestone cave, and the other is a shell
[00:04:03] mound near the sea. The information about human survival activities is most likely
[00:04:07] here.
[00:04:13] Limestone and shells, their main components are
[00:04:17] calcium carbonate. As a weakly alkaline compound,
[00:04:21] calcium carbonate can effectively neutralize soil
[00:04:24] acidity. And the loose
[00:04:28] structure formed by layers of stacked shells can play a buffering role.
[00:04:42] It has been preserved intact, becoming a code to decipher the life of prehistoric humans. Code.
[00:04:46] It covers all their
[00:04:50] production and living processes,
[00:04:54] which they considered no longer useful,
[00:04:57] including production tools, such as stone tools,
[00:05:00] bone tools, and shell tools. Through these
[00:05:04] shells and fish bones, we know what
[00:05:08] marine animals they ate.
[00:05:10] 。
[00:06:05] Concentrated and distributed within an area of 7 kilometers long and 3 kilometers wide, they jointly form the Kaqiu Tou Yizhi Group, which is of concern to academic circles. From about 7,500 years ago to about 3,000 years ago,
[00:06:09] a time span of more than 4,500 years was left behind.
[00:06:43] A complete and continuous development of this oceanic civilization.
[00:06:47] The shells excavated from the Kaqiu Tou Yizhi Group
[00:06:50] have a fan shape, a claw shape,
[00:06:54] a spiral shape, and thousands of other shapes.
[00:06:58] They intuitively speak of the ancestors' reliance and love
[00:07:02] for this marine
[00:07:04] monk.
[00:07:08] More than 80% are mother oysters. In fact, the main ones are these. In addition, a small number
[00:07:12] are
[00:07:14] some
[00:07:18] clams and. From the Xiying Site about 7,500 years ago, to the Guishan Site
[00:07:22] about 3,000 years ago, archaeologists were surprised
[00:07:26] to find that the marine shellfish and fish populations in this sea
[00:07:29] area had hardly changed at all.
[00:07:32] After identification, there are up to 24
[00:07:35] species of mollusks
[00:07:37] here.
[00:07:42] This means that from seven or eight thousand years ago to the present, the key indicators
[00:07:46] such as water quality and temperature in the Pingtan sea area have not changed
[00:07:50] much. The
[00:07:53] ocean sometimes rages, sometimes ripples,
[00:07:57] but beneath its ever-changing face, its selfless
[00:08:01] generosity to humanity remains unchanged. Thousands of
[00:08:04] years ago, our ancestors survived by it, adapted
[00:08:08] to it. Day after day, they ate shellfish and discarded
[00:08:12] the shells that were left over. They were piled up in layers
[00:08:16] unintentionally, leaving behind information about their living years. Through the size
[00:08:19] of the shells in different layers, archaeologists can also decipher
[00:08:23] many details. We can see a very interesting phenomenon, which
[00:08:26] is that the further down the shell mound,
[00:08:30] the larger the size of the oysters. And the further up
[00:08:34] the shell mound, the smaller the size of the oysters in the upper part.
[00:08:38] This vividly tells us that people are getting more and more numerous. At the beginning,
[00:09:09] this also provides a basis for the information judgment of the shells unearthed from the Kaqiu Tou Yizhi Group. basis.
[00:09:34] However, in the selection of these easily accessible foods, the ancestors on Pingtan Island also formed their own unique taste
[00:09:38] preferences.
[00:09:41] This is
[00:09:45] marine food is an important source of food for survival.
[00:09:52] And the various stone tools that are indispensable in the daily life of the ancestors also show the marine charm.
[00:10:00] These are all
[00:10:03] basically these volcanoes from our local island, which were found on the coast of our island.
[00:10:13] Adze is a widely
[00:10:17] existing type of stone tool in the prehistoric sites of the southeast coast of China. Its most
[00:10:21] prominent feature is that the surface of the stone has a regular pit of various sizes,
[00:10:55] indicating that the users at that time were careful and precise
[00:10:58] in every movement. Unearthed with it was a stone
[00:11:02] axe. From the perfectly matching shapes of the two,
[00:11:06] they should be a set of systematically used tools.
[00:11:09] 。
[00:11:16] This adze was very likely a grinding
[00:11:20] tool or a tool for grinding food at that time.
[00:11:24] And it is
[00:13:00] patient sorting and pattern research under indoor lighting. Every piece of pottery extracted from the excavation site
[00:13:04] requires文物 restorationists to patiently combine
[00:13:08] reasonable reasoning and comparison. Between incompleteness and completeness,
[00:13:12] they bridge the gap, allowing these artifacts that are closely
[00:13:16] related to the production and life of ancient people to reappear
[00:13:19] in their original appearance. And when the appearance of an artifact gradually becomes clear,
[00:13:22] the exploration of its function becomes.
[00:13:45] This kind of pottery is the main cooking utensil used by the ancestors of Kaqiu Tou on Pingtan Island thousands of years ago, just like today's
[00:13:49] pot. They have long-necked jar shapes, and also
[00:13:53] basin shapes with large mouths and small bottoms. These utensils vary in size, but they all
[00:13:57] have one common feature: they are all round-bottomed and sand-tempered pottery.
[00:14:00] The so-called sand tempering means that a certain proportion
[00:14:04] of sand grains is added to the pottery clay, making it stronger
[00:14:08] and more durable, and not easy to crack. Along with this kind
[00:14:12] of round-bottomed and sand-tempered pottery, there is also a kind
[00:14:15] of pottery stand. This kind of utensil combination has been
[00:14:19] continuously used by the ancestors of Kaqiu Tou since 7,500
[00:14:22] years ago. From
[00:14:55] a group, compared with the inland areas, it is that kind of
[00:14:58] basin-shaped pot, and some mouths can reach 450
[00:15:02] centimeters.
[00:15:02] 。
[00:15:06] The production of large pottery requires not only overcoming the difficulty
[00:15:10] of forming, but also dealing with many variables during the firing process.
[00:15:13] Especially pottery is easily damaged during daily use
[00:15:17] and friction. However, this kind
[00:15:21] of large pot was found in Donghuaqiu and Gui.
[00:15:37] It is very likely that several households have used it. It requires
[00:15:41] people to have this kind of relatively long-mouthed
[00:15:45] and large pot. One is that it is easy to take
[00:15:48] out when cooking, and the other is that a large amount is cooked, which is also suitable for
[00:15:52] this kind of island area, a utensil for
[00:15:56] this kind of marine economic life.
[00:15:59] A large number of marine animal remains, diverse stone tools,
[00:16:03] and pottery with the characteristics of marine industry. Thousands
[00:16:06] of years ago,
[00:17:14] they were intentionally discarded by the prehistoric inhabitants of Pingtan Island after consumption.
[00:17:17] Through these bone remains, archaeologists were able
[00:17:21] to infer the diverse dietary structure of the early islanders,
[00:17:25] as well as the animal distribution ecology on Pingtan Island
[00:17:29] from over 7,000 years ago
[00:17:30] to over 3,000 years ago.
[00:17:35] People get hungry easily, so,
[00:19:49] these soluble silica precipitate and coagulate between
[00:19:53] and within cells, forming non-crystalline silicon
[00:19:56] dioxide particles, which are phytoliths.
[00:20:00] Phytoliths are like the fingerprints of plants, with extremely strong stability,
[00:20:04] and can be preserved in the soil for tens of thousands of years, or even longer.
[00:20:50] This time, the time when we had rice
[00:20:54] on our island was suddenly pushed back to six or seven thousand
[00:20:58] years ago. In order to verify the rice remains of the Kaqiu Tou Yizhi Group
[00:21:01] from multiple angles, the Zuo Xinxing team introduced pottery shard scanning
[00:21:05] technology. They tried to explore whether the Pingtan ancestors
[00:21:09] six or seven thousand years ago would mix rice
[00:21:13] husks and other substances to increase the adhesion
[00:21:16] of the pottery.
[00:21:24] This wave curve reconstructs the mixed rice husks, rice leaves, or small fragments of rice in it. small fragments of rice,
[00:21:28] in three dimensions, and found a large number of
[00:21:32] broken rice stems. Such evidence
[00:21:36] also shows that not only do we have
[00:21:39] such a large number of rice remains in the strata.
[00:21:42] In the pottery fragments from six or seven years ago,
[00:21:46] the form of broken rice husks gradually became clear under the microscope. This
[00:21:50] discovery further confirmed the existence of early rice cultivation
[00:21:54] on Pingtan Island, and even revealed that rice stalk
[00:21:57] residues had become an important tempering material for pottery
[00:22:01] at that time. It is important to know that Pingtan Island has been ravaged by strong winds
[00:22:05] since ancient times, and is not an ideal place for growing rice.
[00:22:09] So where did these rice fields come from?
[00:22:13] On Pingtan Island, these earliest discovered rice fields,
[00:22:16] one is that their domestication rate is still relatively high.
[00:22:50] They already possessed certain navigation skills and could travel
[00:22:54] between the mainland and offshore islands, and production technologies and precious
[00:22:57] rice seeds were continuously spread with the movement of people,
[00:23:01] depicting a vivid picture of early coastal ancestors
[00:23:05] communicating and interacting.
[00:23:08] A jade jue unearthed from the Kaqiu Tou site further
[00:23:12] confirmed this cross-regional
[00:23:14] exchange.
[00:23:18] Warm and translucent.
[00:23:50] Without this mine, it should not have been made locally
[00:23:54] in Pingtan. We in the inland regions all have this,
[00:23:58] which means that this kind of jade must have
[00:24:01] come from outside.
[00:24:04] The domestication and cultivation of rice, the accumulation and inheritance of pottery
[00:24:08] skills, each of these was difficult to independently develop
[00:24:12] and mature on an isolated small island. The many discoveries
[00:24:15] at the Kaqiu Tou site have made the dichotomy between the ancient people
[00:24:19] of Pingtan Island's marine and terrestrial production and living patterns
[00:24:22] increasingly clear, but new questions have also emerged at any time.
[00:24:26] Where did the earliest inhabitants who settled here
[00:24:29] come from? Pottery archaeologists found the key
[00:24:33] evidence to unravel this mystery in the shell mound of the site.
[00:24:37] key evidence. When the excavation was nearing
[00:24:41] its end in 2024, we were cleaning the bottom of this shell layer,
[00:24:44] and suddenly one morning, we unexpectedly scraped out a whole
[00:24:48] piece from the bottom of this shell.
[00:25:32] DNA,
[00:25:33] through the teacher's series of
[00:25:36] DNA tests and analyses, it was found that there is a very strong similarity and genetic relationship with the DNA of the ancient people such as the Hedong people and Liang people, and these ancient humans all have a very strong genetic
[00:25:42] relationship.
[00:25:49] 。
[00:28:02] However, their cluster distribution patterns and the composition
[00:28:06] of their residences have a high degree of similarity.
[00:28:08] 。
[00:28:12] This is very interesting.
[00:28:14] 。
[00:28:22] The form, patterns, and craftsmanship
[00:28:25] of pottery vary with different eras, groups,
[00:28:29] and regions, and are unique, being a changing prehistoric human.
[00:28:43] These patterns with marine imagery appear in large numbers
[00:28:47] on the pottery unearthed from the Niutoushan site
[00:28:51] and the Kaqiu Tou site, and round-bottomed pottery
[00:28:55] is the common mainstream vessel type
[00:28:57] at both sites.
[00:28:59] Our group belongs to this kind of marine type.
[00:29:02] So it also has strong similarities with the Qihe Cave.
[00:29:13] In terms of early culture, or regional exchange,
[00:29:17] there may be very close ties, even though they are very far apart.
[00:29:20] 。
[00:29:23] It is also very likely to have been influenced by our northwestern mountainous area,
[00:29:27] and also by Zhejiang in the east, and also by the Qihe River in the west. At the same time, it is also related to us,
[00:29:30] 同 时 它 还 与 我 们 ,
[00:30:37] Perhaps they even carried precious rice seeds with them,
[00:30:40] traveling through mountains and forests, and rivers towards the east,
[00:30:44] eventually arriving at Pingtan Island and other islands.
[00:30:48] Facing the abundant ocean, they began new attempts
[00:30:52] and creations. One after another, primitive wooden boats
[00:30:56] were formed under the cutting of stone tools. As they gazed at the endless sea,
[00:30:59] what kind of aspirations surged in their hearts?
[00:31:15] The history chapter.
[00:31:19] 。
[00:31:24] Cool down, remove oil dry mother-in-law.
[00:31:28] 。
[00:31:30] Jiangxi, beautiful
[00:31:33] scenery.
[00:31:41] The vast sky.
[00:31:46] Down-to-earth people, who can
[00:31:49] quantify unlimited possibilities.
[00:31:51] 。
[00:31:54] For every small but endless road.
[00:31:57] 。
[00:32:01] For every pair of eyes that are not tired of the ocean of knowledge.
[00:32:04] 。
[00:32:09] Transform the height of technology into the warmth
[00:32:12] of life.
[00:32:16] Let the golden years embrace a brand new world.
[00:32:20] 界
[00:32:23] Let intelligent children have a garden like home.
[00:32:26] 。
[00:32:35] Give the great mountains the wings of a brand new heart.
[00:32:39] 。
[00:33:17] Some homes are hotels,
[00:33:19] ,
[00:33:22] some homes are quiet and mysterious.
[00:33:25] 。
[00:33:31] Some homes follow the footsteps
[00:33:33] of the wind. We are all a part
[00:33:37] of nature. The lightly fallen leaves,
[00:33:40] the burned bones. Every
[00:33:44] place. Is the best protection for home.
[00:33:47] Natural fairy tales, all things
[00:33:50] one family.
[00:34:21] On the left bank of the Four Rivers is a beautiful Wolf Wine
[00:34:24] Village.
[00:34:29] Blue and white
[00:34:31] wolf.
[00:34:37] Hello, nature. Hello,
[00:34:41] partner. You are good.
[00:34:46] Hello, dream. Science education
[00:34:49] illuminates a better future.