CHANNELSTV — broadcast
20261011 200000 UTC
496 transcript segments
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[00:00:07] Franco, declared the irrigation of
[00:00:15] Now this may look like rock, but
[00:00:18] it's actually a coral, and do you
[00:00:22] know what, corals are living animals,
[00:00:25] many colonies come together to form reefs, colorful underw.
[00:00:30] cities. That's right, Chris. Ancora
[00:00:34] reefs cover less than 1% of the
[00:00:37] ocean, yet they support around a quarter of all
[00:00:40] marine species. They also act like natural
[00:00:44] seawalls, absorbing up to 97%
[00:00:48] of wave energy and helping protect coastal
[00:00:51] communities from currents, waves and
[00:00:55] dive, the big thing we need to do is storms. But these ecosystems are approaching
[00:00:57] a dangerous threshold. Even if we limit global warming to
[00:01:01] 1.5 degrees, scientists project that cora reefs
[00:01:05] could decline by a further 70 to
[00:01:08] 90%.
[00:01:11] At two degrees, more than 99% could be
[00:01:14] lost.
[00:01:22] Husna Aminu and her team are a mission, building up new
[00:01:26] coral reef habitats off Tanzania's coast.
[00:01:30] Their efforts are critical to protecting both the oceans ecosystem
[00:01:34] and the livelihoods of millions of Tanzanians.
[00:01:38] Kilwa is a rural district on the Indian Ocean its
[00:01:41] coral reefs provide vital shelter and breeding grounds for
[00:01:45] everything that revolves around fish, sustaining local fishing communities and
[00:01:49] food security. Plus the reefs are tourist
[00:01:52] attraction, but climate change and overfishing are
[00:01:55] degrading these vital habitats, threatening marine life and the local
[00:02:01] because every... report can make a economy. Enter Action for Ocean, a Tanzanian organization aiming to
[00:02:04] restore marine
[00:02:05] life.
[00:02:09] Husna Aminu leads the organization's efforts in Kilwa. While
[00:02:12] women had largely been left out of conservation, Husna became one of
[00:02:16] Tanzania's first female marine experts. She broke
[00:02:20] barriers in a male dominated field, training scores of female
[00:02:23] divers and expanding local
[00:02:25] expertise.
[00:02:28] We need lot of women's.
[00:02:30] in ocean space, we need our leaderships, we need their
[00:02:34] voice, their efforts in marine conservation,
[00:02:37] so can inspire other women to do marine conservation
[00:02:42] efforts and enjoying the beautiful of and they can be part of ocean conservation,
[00:02:45] husna grew up near the ocean and had affinity for marine
[00:02:49] life from young age, but she soon realized how much of it was
[00:02:53] threatened, she decided to work in conservation and earned a
[00:02:56] degree in aquatic science from the university of
[00:03:00] salam
[00:03:02] today she and her team are conducting surveys of their new coral reef
[00:03:06] nursery aimed at reintroducing corals to
[00:03:09] previously degraded
[00:03:10] habitats,
[00:03:14] the team reviews the plan for the dive wanga
[00:03:18] sister ataandika sister wako sita
[00:03:21] kama ni cq
[00:03:23] Cumber
[00:03:25] from Kilwa's shoreline the head to the offshore reefs after an...
[00:03:30] they finally reach the site, here is one of our nursery is called the
[00:03:34] kifinger. These coral reef nurseries are made
[00:03:38] of ropes to securely hold coral fragments and support their
[00:03:41] growth. In the water, the team measures the restoration
[00:03:45] area, accounting for any expansion or destruction of the
[00:03:48] nursery. The team then brushes algae from the
[00:03:52] ropes, preventing it from competing for resources with the
[00:03:55] coral. Next, using a wooden block, they assign
[00:03:58] numbers each plot. streamlining used for comparing
[00:04:02] growth during data analysis. Husna amino
[00:04:05] then records the coral fragment's health and takes pictures
[00:04:08] to document the findings. Just some
[00:04:11] meters away it becomes clear why new reef habitats need to be
[00:04:15] built. These reefs are nearly dead. A restoration
[00:04:18] effort is essential. Pias
[00:04:21] Momwaja is assistant lecturer at the University of Daris
[00:04:24] Salam. He specializes in coral reef ecosystems.
[00:04:28] Coral bleaching is a result. of rising ocean temperatures due to climate
[00:04:33] 326 of change in briaching is when call become white, if the condition it
[00:04:36] keep um continuing like if there is elevated
[00:04:40] temperature and it keep for so long, call undergo mortality, when you
[00:04:44] compare from protected and unprotected, you found those protector they are
[00:04:47] having some good biodiversity or some good
[00:04:51] condition, but those open access they are destructed and the
[00:04:55] mortality high,
[00:04:57] fishing is critical to killw's economy. but overfishing
[00:05:01] has destroyed reef habitats, this in turn
[00:05:03] droveaway fish, lowering catches even
[00:05:06] more. Said Juma struggles to catch fish,
[00:05:10] but working with Husna team has made him optimistic. We
[00:05:13] asked them why they were going to plant corals.
[00:05:17] They told us it was for fish breeding, meaning we were going to plant
[00:05:20] fish breeding grounds. We asked them again who would fish
[00:05:24] when the fish were born. So up to now, we're going hand
[00:05:27] in hand, they don't bother us and we don't bother them.
[00:05:30] the divers regularly great fishermen on
[00:05:34] their missions, but relations weren't always positive. so
[00:05:38] when we started to operate in kilwa, community, they fell
[00:05:41] like we need to take uh to stop them going to the
[00:05:45] ocean, they they feel like action for ocean, they
[00:05:48] are taking our resources, but after so their
[00:05:52] fellow communities are divers and the one who reading the
[00:05:55] initiatives, they get more interested.
[00:05:59] beyond their collaboration with fishermen, the conservationists
[00:06:02] must train the next generation of divers. f
[00:06:07] relax, but today we are going to subscribe to open water,
[00:06:11] we will start at 13 14 meters up to
[00:06:15] 18.
[00:06:19] On this expedition, these diving students are aiming to pass their
[00:06:22] final exam.
[00:06:25] The test is the culmination of 10 days of diving, swimming and
[00:06:29] safety training. Their dive is a critical
[00:06:32] simulation, ensuring students have the skills to descend to and
[00:06:36] navigate the seafoor to contribute to reef restoration
[00:06:40] efforts.
[00:06:43] After a 40-m swim, the team has
[00:06:45] passed.
[00:06:48] Graduating student Cundy Julius Kugary entered the program with
[00:06:51] passion for Tanzania's marine life. I
[00:06:55] wanted to do this because
[00:06:58] me and my husband have a production company. Me being here, I
[00:07:02] believe I could show more to
[00:07:05] people through visuals and how
[00:07:08] we can um bring the coral life back and
[00:07:12] save part of the marine life.
[00:07:16] With temperatures continuing to rise, over 70%
[00:07:19] of Tanzania's coral reef habitats could degrade by
[00:07:22] 2050, putting 5 to 10 billion dollars
[00:07:26] in annual economic value from reef dependent activities at
[00:07:29] risk.
[00:07:32] Huzna believes more has to be done to increase awareness
[00:07:36] amongst Tanzanians. We
[00:07:38] have beautiful ocean, but most of people do not have a
[00:07:42] direct. access to intellect, see the beautiful
[00:07:45] of it, change the narrative, you need to inspire more young
[00:07:49] people to come into the ocean and make the conservation
[00:07:54] the ocean. in spreading the word, husna aminu and
[00:07:58] her team take another step towards helping kilwa's reefs
[00:08:01] flourish for generations to
[00:08:03] come.
[00:08:06] in rural subsaharan africa, more than
[00:08:09] eight in 10 people lack at. for
[00:08:13] another safe drinking water source at home, the
[00:08:16] responsibility of collecting water usually falls
[00:08:19] onto the women and girls in Burkina Faso, our
[00:08:23] museum is making that burden visible and bringing
[00:08:27] people together, not only to observe and experience,
[00:08:31] but to take
[00:08:32] action,
[00:08:36] many people, especially women in Burkina Faso have to walk several
[00:08:39] kilometers every day to fetch water. Here in the
[00:08:43] Museum of Water in Saba, visitors symbolically walk apart of that
[00:08:47] distance and get a sense of what this daily journey
[00:08:50] means, physical effort and
[00:08:52] exhaustion.
[00:08:55] Alasan Samura has created the Museum of Water to explore it
[00:08:58] from various perspectives, as a resource, as part of
[00:09:02] cultural heritage and as the base of healthy environment.
[00:09:05] Today he's invited artists and guests to help plant a thousand
[00:09:09] trees on the museum grounds.
[00:09:14] where there is no art, there is no water, but by making
[00:09:18] the maximum amount of art, we necessarily create a microclimate
[00:09:21] where water will necessarily fall, so that's a bit of the
[00:09:25] relationship that the Water Museum tries to make people understand,
[00:09:29] we are not just a museum of exhibitions, but we
[00:09:33] work on themes related to climate change,
[00:09:36] water, environment, biodiversity,
[00:09:40] ecosystem,
[00:10:12] It's a smart low-tech solution to protect the freshly planted
[00:10:16] trees from being destroyed by grazing
[00:10:19] animals, reused
[00:10:20] tires.
[00:10:25] buy grids, grids are expensive for us, so
[00:10:28] we take used tires from the city
[00:10:31] that we will try to reuse, so give them a second
[00:10:35] chance.
[00:10:41] year round, but also supplying water to
[00:10:44] 200 people living nearby.
[00:10:47] the museum also educates children about important water bodies
[00:10:51] and rivers on the continent.
[00:11:25] So it's the cream of the youth with their graves here that we tried to
[00:11:28] monumentalize and the dugout canoe, so we tried
[00:11:32] to shock the youth by telling them they must
[00:11:35] prevent water from being a factor of
[00:11:39] death for them.
[00:11:43] water also has a cultural dimension here. Ngari law is a
[00:11:47] traditional storyteller, so-called criot from
[00:11:49] senegal.
[00:11:58] water in my songs is expressed
[00:12:00] from all angles, that
[00:12:04] things it brings diseases or it gives life, it's
[00:12:10] water.
[00:12:14] and
[00:12:22] communities depending on it. message that is getting more and more ecosystems important.
[00:12:25] region sees fewer showers and more storms, so
[00:12:28] water is more precious than
[00:12:30] ever.
[00:12:38] you know 247, you know plus 234, but i bet you've never heard
[00:12:42] of 330-300. once you do, you will never look at legos the
[00:12:46] same way. 330-300 is a simple guideline, cities follow to
[00:12:50] make life better. it simply means you should say three three from your window,
[00:12:54] leave in a neighbor right? 30% green and have a park within 300
[00:12:57] meters. Lagos is failing the 330 300 test badly
[00:13:01] and it's not just Lagos oh, other cities are failing too. We have more
[00:13:04] buildings than trees, although in 2025 Laspark planted
[00:13:08] 19,00 trees. Sounds like lot right, but for over 20
[00:13:12] million people, that's barely drop in the ocean. Let's do a quick audit,
[00:13:16] comment green if you have trees near you or gray if you are surrounded by
[00:13:19] buildings. Let's see how many of us actually have that space. We need to stay
[00:13:23] healthy. Toodles!
[00:13:25] In 2024, a drought worsten by Alnino devastated
[00:13:28] Zambia's crops and hydropower, now
[00:13:31] another strong Elnino is developing, putting
[00:13:35] water security back in focus, so
[00:13:38] intense water scastity can push people into
[00:13:42] water theft. Our reporter joined a special police unit
[00:13:45] in Spain tracking down suspected water
[00:13:49] theves. We're in El Rothio, a
[00:13:52] 700-year-old village in southwestern.
[00:13:56] It sits right next to a UNESCO World Heritage National Park, one of the
[00:14:00] most important wetlands in Europe, home to threaten birds and mammals
[00:14:04] as well as hundreds of thousands of migratory birds,
[00:14:08] but like lot of the world lately, Spain has been
[00:14:11] cooking, and this is one of the areas most
[00:14:14] affected by the severe heat and droughts of the past couple of
[00:14:17] years, well, my daily life, the
[00:14:21] only thing that seems possible here is for the animals.
[00:14:25] that I have to get water so that the well doesn't have
[00:14:29] enough water to get it all out at once, the
[00:14:33] town is very close to the Atlantic coast, at the very tip of southern
[00:14:37] Spain. this is what the national park looked like a couple
[00:14:40] of years ago. the left satellite picture is from
[00:14:44] 2021, the right is year later.
[00:14:48] the greater area experience water shortages and
[00:14:50] restrictions. surface water has recovered
[00:14:54] somewhat because of... rainfall, but that hasn't solved the core
[00:14:57] concern, because rising temperatures and drought caused by climate
[00:15:01] change are only part of the problem. Doñana's
[00:15:04] wetlands and the region's water supply depend on an underground
[00:15:07] aquafar, aquefar that's gradually being sucked
[00:15:10] dry. The cause of that can be found in our
[00:15:14] supermarkets. We can now get fresh produce all year
[00:15:17] round, and in Europe, a quarter of it is grown in one
[00:15:21] country. Spain.
[00:15:25] This area used to be royal hunting grounds, consisting of
[00:15:29] marshes and ponds, then parts of it were used for
[00:15:33] dryland farming, meaning farming in dry regions that heavily
[00:15:37] relies rainwater, but then
[00:15:39] in 1971, Spain, still under the dictator
[00:15:44] the region to be of national interest. The
[00:15:48] Almonte Marismus plan, named after the Aquafy tapped
[00:15:51] into, was part of a massive state sponsored effort to
[00:15:55] increase food production,
[00:15:58] and here they decided to bet on what they called red
[00:16:02] gold. Strawberries: strawberries
[00:16:05] turned out to be very, very profit.
[00:16:08] According to calculations based on FAO data, they can yield up to
[00:16:12] €150,000 gross revenue per hectare a
[00:16:16] year, compared to roughly 20,000 for potatoes or
[00:16:19] 15,000 for grapes. This is
[00:16:22] how they became one of the biggest producers of strawberries in
[00:16:26] Europe, but this also meant using lot
[00:16:29] more water.
[00:16:32] Authorities handed out quotas and allotments very
[00:16:35] generously, seemingly without. considering how much extraction the
[00:16:39] Aqua could handle, but even those legal
[00:16:42] quotas were not enough for the ever expanding
[00:16:45] fields.
[00:16:47] The solution: illegal wells and
[00:16:50] reservoirs. In 2016,
[00:16:53] WWF Spain estimated that this region was home
[00:16:56] to over 100 illegal wells and over
[00:16:59] 1,700 suspicious irrigation ponds, illegally
[00:17:03] irrigating area as big as 4,200 football pitches.
[00:17:23] within the situation of extreme drought and lack of attention from the administration that
[00:17:25] led us to have a series of
[00:17:29] farms or parts of the farm that are outside the
[00:17:32] agricultural land qualified as irrigable. In
[00:17:35] 2021, the EU Court of Justice ruled that Spain failed
[00:17:39] to protect the Doñana aqua and violated EU
[00:17:43] law. But illegal water extraction isn't only a problem
[00:17:46] here. The same is happening all over Spain in
[00:17:50] agricultural regions supplying local and international
[00:17:53] markets, one of them being just two hours drive south for
[00:17:56] Madrid.
[00:17:58] In another Wetland national park called
[00:18:03] Tablas de Damiel, a UNESCO. to
[00:18:06] extract
[00:18:16] water and disperse water throughout
[00:18:20] the crop and as you can see if you look here to the
[00:18:22] right, here the park is here and the aquifer is
[00:18:26] below us
[00:18:27] so
[00:18:32] the region also shifted from traditional dryland farming towards
[00:18:36] irrigated crops different types of melons, onion, garlic
[00:18:40] and grapes, illegal irrigation and
[00:18:42] overextraction, coupled with droughts and high temperatures got so
[00:18:46] bad that an underground peat fire broke out in
[00:18:49] 2009, a problem that still hasn't gone
[00:18:52] away. the lieutenants here are part of the
[00:18:56] bigger initiative from Spanish police to crack down on water
[00:18:59] theft.
[00:19:02] first, police as well as NGOs like WWF
[00:19:05] Spain look at satellite. images of the region.
[00:19:09] On the left, you can see the blue incircled areas.
[00:19:13] Those used to be protected forests. On the right, you can
[00:19:16] see later picture where the forests were cut down to make space for illegal
[00:19:20] cultivation. They also look at land rights maps and
[00:19:24] compare them with actual satellite images. The yellow parts
[00:19:27] are allotments with legal irrigation rights. The red fields
[00:19:31] don't have those rights. So,
[00:19:33] for example, if we see an area that belongs to a dryland crop,
[00:19:39] and that area, the satellite has
[00:19:43] given us an image that it has greenery, then it is possibly an area
[00:19:46] that is being illegally
[00:19:55] irrigated. The well would be in that shed,
[00:19:58] there you can see the
[00:20:00] pipe that goes towards the crop, and that pipe
[00:20:04] is what distributes the water so that...
[00:20:10] A well can either be completely illegal like these that the
[00:20:13] WWF found back in Doñana a couple of years
[00:20:16] ago, or the well itself can be legal, but
[00:20:20] extract more than it is allowed
[00:20:21] to.
[00:20:25] That could be the case with this very green parcel of land right next to
[00:20:28] the park we just saw through the drone, so it needs
[00:20:31] closer onsoight
[00:20:33] inspection.
[00:20:46] So this section here is where the
[00:20:50] water volume measurement element is located. So, normally during our
[00:20:53] inspections, we verify that the
[00:20:57] flow meter, which is this section here, first,
[00:21:00] that it has the seals from the confederation and that they are not
[00:21:04] tampered with, like a normal meter in a
[00:21:06] house. So this is the
[00:21:09] element where most of the manipulations are
[00:21:12] directed, which are
[00:21:15] aimed at extracting a flow greater than
[00:21:19] what is permitted, if it contains the simplest, the
[00:21:22] most traditional is to place a very
[00:21:25] powerful magnet, usually placed here in this area. So the magnet
[00:21:28] retains the internal mechanism of the
[00:21:31] flow meter. The water passes through the
[00:21:35] flow meter, but the mechanism does not
[00:21:36] move.
[00:21:45] the field is not using more water than it's allowed to, but that's not
[00:21:49] all.
[00:21:54] There is already a service order called Operation CRI, which is a national
[00:21:57] theme, and around 40 inspections are carried
[00:22:00] out annually, imposing around one thousand administrative
[00:22:04] infractions on the matter. There is an enormous environmental impact, and the
[00:22:07] economically quantified damage can reach
[00:22:10] millions. The farmers can be charged with crimes against
[00:22:14] the environment and fraud. They usually have to
[00:22:17] pay fines but can also be sentenced to prison.
[00:22:36] What's happening in these hotspots is a symptom of a bigger worldwide
[00:22:40] problem, how do you balance new reality of climate change
[00:22:44] with increasingly intensive thirsty
[00:22:46] agriculture? It's complicated.
[00:22:50] especially in regions that rely almost entirely on agriculture,
[00:22:54] like back in Doñana, well in 2023, the local
[00:22:57] ruling conservative party had an idea: in the middle of the most
[00:23:01] severe drought in history, they proposed the law to legitimize
[00:23:04] many of the illegal farms in the area, which to no
[00:23:08] one's surprise, was hit by lot of backlash from the
[00:23:12] EU, UNESCO and NGOs as well as national
[00:23:15] government, which led to the Conservative Party ultimately
[00:23:19] shelving the bill. Instead, the local and national
[00:23:22] government negotiated a 1.4 billion euro
[00:23:26] joint plan. First they agree to continue the shutdown of
[00:23:29] illegal wells. Almost 300 illegal wells have been
[00:23:33] sealed in the Duniyana region alone.
[00:23:36] Secondly, they started buying up farmland, rewilding it and
[00:23:40] turning it into protected areas. Then they
[00:23:43] set up funds to create jobs in other sectors like tourism and
[00:23:46] renewable energy. Farmers also had to
[00:23:55] For strawberries, we also have
[00:23:59] black plastic to prevent
[00:24:02] evaporation and to prevent large water
[00:24:06] losses. The irrigation is with a drip
[00:24:09] system, each plant
[00:24:12] has its own dripper and it is much more
[00:24:15] efficient. We also have humidity sensors
[00:24:19] that, through a computer system, announce
[00:24:23] where water is needed and the exact amount of water
[00:24:27] the plant needs so as not to abuse
[00:24:30] the use of water or the use of fertilizers.
[00:24:34] According to Pedro, they also started planting less water
[00:24:37] intense crops and moving the growing season into the colder
[00:24:41] months, which is why everything is currently
[00:24:43] dead. This doesn't mean the water problem is solved
[00:24:46] entirely. NGOs are pushing for more personnel. to enforce
[00:24:50] the plan and higher penalties for water
[00:24:53] theft. Other countries are introducing similar
[00:24:56] measures. Morocco is using satellite comparisons to monitor
[00:25:00] irrigation and is giving out subsidies for farmers to switch to drip
[00:25:04] irrigation.
[00:25:06] India is attempting to move farmers towards less thirsty
[00:25:09] crops. The Californian government has paid
[00:25:12] farmers to stop this type of irrigation and has
[00:25:15] introduced legislation to monitor and allot water more sustainably.
[00:25:22] For the longest time, water was treated as an unlimited
[00:25:25] resource, any type of growth was seen as good, but we
[00:25:29] need to face new reality. It will need coordinated efforts from
[00:25:33] all parties to figure out how to make the most of the limited
[00:25:37] precious water we
[00:25:38] have.
[00:25:41] That's it for this week's show, but sign up to our
[00:25:45] eco drop newsletter to get more innovative
[00:25:48] solutions. And as always, do send us
[00:25:52] your suggestions and ideas, we love hearing from you. We'll
[00:25:55] see you next
[00:25:56] week.
[00:26:05] It's a, it's a pleasure doing this
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[00:27:11] Nigeria's economy is an informal sector, just like this
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[00:28:16] we've all,TELEVISION NEWS TRANSCRIPT:
[00:28:20] we pray and ask,
[00:28:23] the less Anambra,
[00:28:27] God bless the shiny
[00:28:31] light,
[00:28:34] we we're the only ones to make her
[00:28:37] brighter, the only ones to make
[00:28:41] her better, the only ones to
[00:28:44] make another
[00:28:46] shine,
[00:28:53] but ladies and gentlemen, here is
[00:28:55] my promise, we will conduct local government
[00:28:59] election,
[00:29:04] no doubt, the uniform local government system, as the
[00:29:08] third federation unit is one of the contested features of our
[00:29:11] federalism, but we must make the best of a B
[00:29:14] system by unleashing the potential of governance
[00:29:18] at the lower level. Over the next two years, we shall
[00:29:21] review, amend the relevant legislation, reform and
[00:29:25] strengthen the system for efficiency, restructure and
[00:29:28] strengthen the Anambra's independent electoral commission and
[00:29:32] local government election, we will collaborate and coordinate
[00:29:36] actively with local governments to ensure synergy and
[00:29:39] complementarity. Let the revolution also get to the
[00:29:43] grass.
[00:29:49] Across the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the search for
[00:29:53] a functional, responsive, and truly
[00:29:56] autonomous local government system has long been the
[00:29:59] elusive holy grail of subnational
[00:30:02] administration. For decades, questions have
[00:30:05] lingered: Is the third tier of government breathing
[00:30:09] or is it on life support?
[00:30:13] the government
[00:30:15] abolished the transition government
[00:30:19] system, and to governors, I
[00:30:22] promise came up
[00:30:24] with
[00:30:27] 2024 law that enabled us to
[00:30:30] conduct the election till the 21 governments and
[00:30:36] the state. So now we have elected
[00:30:38] governments in the government
[00:30:41] system. We are completely
[00:30:44] autonomous, are not controlled from anywhere. We don't
[00:30:48] control them from here. We only issue guidelines and they run
[00:30:52] their governments. Simply different from what
[00:30:54] was. So filling the sacred social
[00:30:58] contract outlined with