CSPAN3 — Public Affairs Events
20260915 071100 UTC
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[00:00:01] YOUR ISSUE AND STRENGTHEN YOUR DOCUMENTARY BY INCLUDING C-SPAN
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[00:00:16] BE SURE TO SUBMIT YOUR DOCUMENTARY BY JANUARY 20TH,
[00:00:20] 2027, FOR OFFICIAL RULES AND EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO GET
[00:00:24] STARTED. VISIT STUDENT CAM FOR YOUR VOICE MATTERS.
[00:00:28] YOUR IDEAS MATTER.
[00:00:28] NOW IT'S TIME TO MAKE YOUR CASE.
[00:00:32] AND NOW A DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN
[00:00:35] WAR ZONES FEATURING REMARKS FROM
[00:00:37] A FORMER TOP MILITARY OFFICIALS WHO ALSO ADDRESS THE USE OF
[00:00:41] DRONES AND WHETHER I COULD AFFECT CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
[00:00:44] AMONG SERVICE MEMBERS FROM THE ATLANTIC COUNCIL.
[00:00:46] IT'S AN HOUR, 15 MINUTES.
[00:00:50] GOOD AFTERNOON. MY NAME IS TRUST AGAIN LOVE.
[00:00:53] AND I'M ACTING SENIOR DIRECTOR AND SENIOR FELLOW OF THE
[00:00:57] ATLANTIC COUNCIL, SCOWCROFT CENTER FOR STRATEGY AND SECURITY.
[00:01:01] CONVENING SUCH AS THESE ARE INTEGRAL TO THE SCOWCROFT
[00:01:04] CENTER'S MISSION OF DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE, NONPARTISAN
[00:01:08] STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS THE MOST IMPORTANT SECURITY CHALLENGES
[00:01:11] FACING THE UNITED STATES AND ITS ALLIES.
[00:01:14] WITHIN THE SCOWCROFT CENTER, THE FORD DEFENSE PROGRAM DEVELOPS
[00:01:17] AND SHAPES POLICY SOLUTIONS THAT BUILD U.S. MILITARY POWER TO
[00:01:20] DETER WAR AND SECURE THE FUTURE.
[00:01:24] I'M PLEASED TODAY TO LAUNCH THE FORD DEFENSE PROGRAM'S NEW
[00:01:26] REPORT, TITLED A.I. AND AUTONOMY
[00:01:29] IN THE CONTESTED OPERATIONS.
[00:01:31] WE THANK OUR SPONSOR, MANY OF
[00:01:33] WHOM ARE HERE TODAY FOR SUPPORTING THIS CRITICAL TOPIC.
[00:01:37] OVER THE NEXT HOUR, THIS PANEL WILL DISCUSS WHAT IT TAKES TO
[00:01:40] MOVE A.I. FROM THE LAB TO OPERATIONS.
[00:01:44] WE KNOW MANY SYSTEMS THAT USE
[00:01:46] A.I. DEPEND ON CONNECTIVITY TO
[00:01:48] CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE OR LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS.
[00:01:51] AND THESE CONNECTIONS CAN FALTER
[00:01:53] OR DISAPPEAR ENTIRELY IN THE FIELD, AS WE'RE SEEING IN
[00:01:58] UKRAINE, OPERATIONAL ADVANTAGE WILL INCREASINGLY DEPEND ON
[00:02:01] SYSTEMS THAT MUST KEEP WORKING WHEN CONNECTIVITY IS LOST OR
[00:02:05] DISRUPTED. THIS IS A CHALLENGE AT THE HEART
[00:02:08] OF THIS BRIEF MILITARY. LEADERS SHOULD EXPECT TO OPERATE
[00:02:11] IN DENIED, DEGRADED, INTERMITTENT AND LIMITED
[00:02:15] ENVIRONMENT USE AND SHOULD NOT TREAT THOSE CONDITIONS AS AN OUTLIER.
[00:02:18] BETTER TECHNOLOGY ALONE WILL NOT
[00:02:20] SOLVE THIS PROBLEM.
[00:02:22] WE MUST ALSO REFORM TRAINING AUTHORITIES AND CONCEPTS TO
[00:02:26] ENSURE SHOULDER SOLDIERS AND COMMANDERS WILL HAVE TRUST THAT
[00:02:29] THESE SYSTEMS WILL EFFECTIVELY
[00:02:31] AND SAFELY WORK WHEN IT COUNTS.
[00:02:33] THIS BRIEF TAKES UP THOSE QUESTIONS DIRECTLY AND OFFERS
[00:02:37] CONCRETE RECOMMENDATIONS AS THE PENTAGON MOVES TOWARDS BROADER
[00:02:41] ADOPTION. OUR PANEL IS EXACTLY THE GROUP
[00:02:43] TO DISCUSS THEM, MUTTERING
[00:02:45] TODAY'S CONVERSATION WILL BE FOR
[00:02:48] DEFENSE DIRECTOR JOE COSTA. JOE, OVER TO YOU.
[00:02:52] THANK YOU, PROFESSOR. THANK YOU ALL FOR COMING TODAY.
[00:02:54] I TRIES TO MENTION I MANAGE THE FORWARD DEFENSE PROGRAM HERE
[00:02:57] UNDER THE SCOWCROFT CENTER. WE HAVE A VERY DISTINGUISHED
[00:03:01] PANEL TO ADDRESS SOME OF THESE QUESTIONS.
[00:03:04] I'M GOING TO FIRST START WITH AN INTRODUCTION. I'LL ASK A FEW QUESTIONS.
[00:03:07] GO TILL ABOUT 445, AND THEN WE'LL OPEN UP FOR 15 MINUTES FOR
[00:03:11] Q&A FROM THE AUDIENCE SITTING TO
[00:03:13] MY FAR LEFT.
[00:03:15] GENERAL JAMES CARTWRIGHT SERVED AS THE EIGHTH VICE CHAIRMAN OF
[00:03:19] THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF, THE SECOND HIGHEST RANKING MILITARY
[00:03:22] OFFICIAL WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WAS THE COMMANDER OF
[00:03:25] U.S. STRATEGIC COMMAND AND SERVED OUR COUNTRY IN UNIFORM AS
[00:03:28] A MARINE FOR NEARLY 40 YEARS. AND OF COURSE, HIS MORE
[00:03:32] IMPORTANT ROLE AS ATLANTIC COUNCIL BOARD MEMBER.
[00:03:35] THANK YOU, SIR, FOR BEING HERE.
[00:03:36] LIEUTENANT GENERAL DAVID HARRIS
[00:03:39] SERVED FOR OVER 30 YEARS IN THE
[00:03:42] UNITED STATES AIR FORCE UNTIL HIS RETIREMENT ONLY FOUR MONTHS AGO.
[00:03:46] SO HE'S GETTING USED TO WEARING A NEW TYPE OF UNIFORM HERE.
[00:03:48] HE LAST SERVED AS DEPUTY CHIEF
[00:03:51] OF STAFF OF AIR FORCE FUTURES,
[00:03:53] WHICH IS THE SENIOR AIR FORCE
[00:03:55] LEADER RESPONSIBLE FOR STRATEGY,
[00:03:57] INTEGRATION AND REQUIRE MENTS. ALSO HAS I SAW 2500 FLIGHT HOURS
[00:04:01] AND SERVED MULTIPLE MISSIONS. SO THANK YOU, SIR, AS WELL FOR
[00:04:05] YOUR SERVICE AND BEING HERE. AND OWEN DANIELS TO MY LEFT,
[00:04:08] NONRESIDENT SENIOR FELLOW. HERE IS PART OF THE FORD DEFENSE
[00:04:13] PROGRAM AND HE'S ALSO AN ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF ANALYSIS.
[00:04:15] AND ANDREW MARSHALL, FELLOW AT GEORGETOWN CENTER FOR SECURITY
[00:04:18] AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGY, WHERE HE WORKS ON ARTIFICIAL
[00:04:21] INTELLIGENCE AND GOVERNANCE ISSUE.
[00:04:24] AND I WOULD BE REMISS IF I DID NOT SAY HE HAS A GREAT
[00:04:28] FORTHCOMING BOOK COMING OUT CALLED I AND THE FUTURE OF WAR.
[00:04:30] SO THESE TOPICS INTEREST YOU. PLEASE GO OUT AND BUY THE BOOK
[00:04:35] WITH WITH THAT, I'M GOING TO
[00:04:38] KICK OFF WITH A FEW QUESTIONS AND I'LL JUST NOTE THAT ASK AC
[00:04:41] DAWG IS THE WEBSITE TO ASK YOUR
[00:04:43] QUESTIONS WHEN WE GET THERE AT 445 AND OF COURSE WILL TAKE SOME
[00:04:47] QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE AS WELL.
[00:04:49] THE BRIEF ARGUES THAT WE WILL
[00:04:53] PUT OUT ON THE WEBSITE TODAY THAT THE U.S. MILITARY SHOULD
[00:04:56] PRESUME MOST OPERATIONS WILL OCCUR IN CONTESTED, LOW
[00:05:02] CONNECTED CITY ENVIRONMENTS OR WHAT WE CALL DIGITAL ENVIRONMENTS DENIED, DEGRADED,
[00:05:06] INTIMATE AND LIMITED, WHICH OF COURSE CAN HAPPEN FROM ADVERSARY INTENT OR SOMETIMES THROUGH
[00:05:11] CONGESTION OF OUR OWN SYSTEMS. GENERAL CARTER, LET ME START WITH YOU.
[00:05:14] CAN YOU PLEASE DESCRIBE WHAT WE
[00:05:17] MEAN BY DETAIL ENVIRONMENT FOR SOME OF OUR LISTENERS RIGHT NOW?
[00:05:21] AND SPECIFICALLY HOW IT IMPACTS
[00:05:23] HOW WE THINK OF BUILDING AND
[00:05:26] DEPLOYING A.I. IN THE FIELD. SURE.
[00:05:29] YOU COULD WRITE A NOVEL ON THIS,
[00:05:33] BUT I THINK THE FIRST THING TO
[00:05:37] UNDERSTAND HERE IS THAT THE IDEA
[00:05:38] OF DENIAL LIED AND DELAYED AND
[00:05:42] AND ALL OF THOSE ATTRIBUTES IS NOT NEW.
[00:05:48] IT'S BEEN AROUND EVER SINCE. WARFARE SPIN AROUND. OKAY.
[00:05:51] AND IT'S BEEN ON BOTH THE OFFENSIVE AND THE DEFENSIVE
[00:05:55] SIDE, SO TO SPEAK, DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU SIT. SO THAT'S NOT NEW.
[00:05:59] WHAT IS FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT
[00:06:01] HERE IN THE TECHNOLOGY THAT
[00:06:03] THAT'S EMERGING THROUGH A.I. IS
[00:06:07] HOW WE BOTH PLAN AND OPERATE
[00:06:10] THROUGH THAT KIND OF AN ENVIRONMENT. NUMBER ONE.
[00:06:13] NUMBER TWO, IN PLANNING, IT'S
[00:06:16] ALWAYS BEEN THE CASE THAT YOU
[00:06:18] ASSUME THAT IT WILL BE THERE NO MATTER, YOU KNOW, WHAT
[00:06:22] GENERATION YOU CAME FROM, WHAT WAR YOU MIGHT HAVE HAD
[00:06:26] EXPERIENCE IN ITS PLAN FOR IT.
[00:06:30] BUT PROBABLY THE FREQUENCY AND THE DEPTH OF IT HAS NEVER BEEN
[00:06:33] AS HIGH AS AS IT IS FOR TODAY'S
[00:06:37] WARS. OKAY. SO YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT
[00:06:39] SOMETHING THAT HAS GENERATED
[00:06:43] SUBSTANTIAL INTEREST,
[00:06:45] SUBSTANTIAL LEVERAGE FOR BOTH SIDES OF THE FIGHT.
[00:06:48] AND IT'S NOT A STATIC ACTIVITY.
[00:06:51] SO COULD COULD HAVE BEEN YEARS
[00:06:54] AGO, YOU KNOW, THROUGH A TENT OR A BLANKET OVER MY TANK.
[00:06:57] AND AND NOBODY COULD SEE IT FROM THE AIR. AND THEN I, YOU KNOW, GOT A
[00:07:00] CHANCE TO SHOOT AND SURVIVE FOR A WHILE LONGER OR WHATEVER THE
[00:07:06] SOPHISTICATION IN TODAY IS FAR GREATER.
[00:07:10] AND I DON'T WANT TO GEEK OUT ON
[00:07:11] THIS TOO MUCH, BUT, YOU KNOW, WE
[00:07:14] WE LOOK AT THE BATTLES SPACE IN
[00:07:17] A WAY THAT ACKNOWLEDGES THE
[00:07:21] SOPHISTICATION AND THE SPEED AND
[00:07:23] THE PRECISION WITH WHICH WE ARE MOVING THROUGH IT.
[00:07:27] THE BATTLE SPACE IS FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT AND IT'S BEEN CHANGING.
[00:07:30] TODAY WE ASSUME ANY PLACE ON THE FACE OF THE EARTH, WE ALL KNOW
[00:07:34] POSITION, NAVIGATION AND TIMING BECAUSE OF GPS. OKAY.
[00:07:39] YOU CAN GO BACK EVEN TO THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST GULF WAR.
[00:07:42] THAT WAS NOT THE CASE.
[00:07:44] YOU KNOW, YOU STOOD AT THE LINE OF DEPARTURE AND PEOPLE WERE
[00:07:47] HANDING OUT MAPS THAT YOU COULD SOMEHOW NAVIGATE THE MOGULS OF
[00:07:51] SAND AND TELL ONE FROM THE OTHER, WHICH NEVER REALLY WORKED
[00:07:55] OUT ALL THAT WAY. YOU JUST KIND OF WENT BECAUSE IT
[00:07:56] WAS VERY DIFFICULT AND YOU DIDN'T KNOW WHAT WAS ON YOUR LEFT.
[00:08:00] YOU DIDN'T KNOW WHAT WAS ON YOUR RIGHT. ALL OF THOSE THINGS WERE DIFFICULT AT THAT TIME, BUT NOW
[00:08:04] IT'S THERE. YOU DON'T HAVE TO PREPARE FOR IT. YOU DON'T HAVE TO HOPE THAT IT'S GOING TO BE THERE.
[00:08:09] BUT IT IS POSSIBLE. IT IS.
[00:08:11] JAMBOL DENIED. YOU KNOW, YOU HAVE TO THINK
[00:08:14] ABOUT ALL OF THOSE. AND THE SERVICES HAVE DONE A FANTASTIC JOB OF BOTH.
[00:08:19] TRAIN ING PEOPLE AND CREATING THE EQUIPMENT THAT GIVES
[00:08:22] GRACEFUL DEGRADATION, GIVES YOU THE IDEA AND UNDERSTANDING THAT
[00:08:25] IT'S GOING TO HAPPEN. IT'S PROBABLY HAPPENING TO YOU
[00:08:28] AND ENOUGH BACKUPS, PHENOMENOLOGY TO LOOK AT TO SAY,
[00:08:32] OKAY, THAT'S SUPPOSED TO BE A
[00:08:35] TRUCK, BUT IT DOESN'T LOOK LIKE A TRUCK.
[00:08:38] SOMETHING'S WRONG HERE. SO NOW I'VE GOT TO THINK MY WAY THROUGH WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN.
[00:08:41] SO, SO YOU HAVE THAT. WHAT'S CHANGING RIGHT NOW?
[00:08:47] EQUALLY FAST BUT HASN'T REALLY
[00:08:49] COMPLETED YET, IS THE IDEA THAT
[00:08:52] ANY PLACE YOU GO, THE COMS WILL BE THERE. OKAY.
[00:08:55] THEY'RE CERTAINLY JAMBA ALL THERE.
[00:08:58] CERTAINLY THE ABILITY TO USE THEM FOR DECEPTION ALL SORTS OF THINGS.
[00:09:02] BUT IT USED TO BE CERTAINLY FOR
[00:09:04] MY TIME, I CAN REMEMBER WAITING
[00:09:07] 3 TO 6 MONTHS FOR A SATELLITE TO BE MOVED TO GET A FOOTPRINT
[00:09:10] WHERE WE NEEDED IT IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO USE IT. THAT'S JUST NOT THE CASE ANYMORE.
[00:09:14] YOU CAN BASICALLY COUNT ON THE FACT THAT YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE
[00:09:18] COMS THAT CAN REMEMBER MORE THAN
[00:09:21] ONCE THAT LINE OF DEPARTURE IS LISTENING TO PEOPLE SAY, OKAY,
[00:09:24] WHAT'S THE THINGS THAT AREN'T GOING TO WORK? COMS WAS ALWAYS FIRST.
[00:09:27] OKAY? THAT'S JUST NOT THE CASE ANYMORE. WE'VE GOT IT. WE'VE GOT IT.
[00:09:31] WE'VE GOT WORK TO DO IN IT.
[00:09:33] BUT IT'S BECOMING UBIQUITOUS AND
[00:09:36] AVAILABLE AND IT'S STARTING TO
[00:09:38] MOVE AND BE MORE DIGITAL IN
[00:09:40] NATURE AND IT'S BECAUSE OF THE
[00:09:42] LOW LATENCY AND AND THE CAPABILITIES THAT YOU CAN DO
[00:09:45] FROM LOW EARTH ORBIT. NOW, THE ABILITY TO USE THOSE IN
[00:09:50] FIRES IS VERY REALISTIC.
[00:09:52] BECAUSE OF THE LATENCY ISSUES
[00:09:54] ARE NOT THERE THAT WE USED TO HAVE USED TO BE OF CALLING
[00:09:58] SOMEBODY UP. WAIT A FEW MINUTES, YOU SPEAK, YOU WAIT. THEN THEY SPEAK.
[00:10:02] THAT'S JUST NOT THE CASE ANYMORE. IT'S LIKE THEY'RE SITTING RIGHT
[00:10:05] NEXT TO YOU. AND SO THAT KIND OF SPEED OF
[00:10:10] ACTION AVAILABLE ANY PLACE ON THE FACE OF THE EARTH WITH VERY
[00:10:14] FEW BLINKING MOUNTAINS, DON'T BLANKET BECAUSE THERE'S ONE ON THE OTHER SIDE.
[00:10:17] IT'S JUST BECOMING VERY, VERY RELIABLE. OKAY.
[00:10:20] BUT NOT GUARANTEED FOR SURE.
[00:10:24] AND THEN THE THIRD ACTIVITY,
[00:10:25] THAT'S GOING ON AND THIS IS JUST
[00:10:28] NOW STARTING TO EMERGE, WHICH IS COMPUTE. OKAY.
[00:10:32] THE ABILITY TO HAVE THE COMPUTE
[00:10:34] NECESSARY AND THE BANDWIDTH
[00:10:36] NECESSARY TO MAKE THIS GLOBALLY
[00:10:40] AVAILABLE READILY, THERE AND
[00:10:42] USABLE BY THE EDGE AT THE EDGE.
[00:10:47] THE EMERGENCE THAT WE'RE SEEING
[00:10:49] PROBABLY HERE IN THE NEXT 6 OR 7
[00:10:51] MONTHS WITH THE ABILITY TO USE
[00:10:54] YOUR CELL PHONE AND JUST NOT KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
[00:10:57] WHETHER YOU'RE TALKING TO A SATELLITE OR WHETHER YOU'RE TALKING TO A CELL TOWER.
[00:11:00] THAT KIND OF CALM AND ASSURED CALM. IT'S NOT BEEN THERE BEFORE.
[00:11:04] IT'S NOT BEEN THERE IN THIS FORM FACTOR.
[00:11:08] BUT BUT I REQUIRE HOURS, THE
[00:11:11] ABILITY TO BOTH COMPUTE AT THE EDGE AND BE ABLE TO SURVIVE AT
[00:11:15] THE EDGE WITHOUT BEING CONNECTED.
[00:11:17] BUT THEN ALSO TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF BEING CONNECTED TO BASICALLY
[00:11:21] HAVE COMMAND AND CONTROL THAT
[00:11:23] REACHES BACK TO HEADQUARTERS, REACHES BACK TO INTENT, ALLOWS
[00:11:27] YOU TO UNDERSTAND RULES OF ENGAGEMENT THAT ARE DYNAMIC AND MOVING ALL THE TIME AND ALLOWS
[00:11:31] YOU TO UNDERSTAND MANEUVER, SCHEME THAT IS IN MULTIPLE
[00:11:37] DIMENSIONS SIMULTANEOUSLY. AND SO THOSE TYPES OF THINGS
[00:11:42] START TO CHANGE. THE BATTLE SPACE AND OUR ABILITY TO OPERATE IN DENIED
[00:11:46] ENVIRONMENTS. OKAY. IT DOES NOT GUARANTEE US THAT.
[00:11:49] AND I THINK THE LAST THING TO ME THAT'S IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND
[00:11:53] IN THIS ENVIRONMENT, WHICH STARTS TO GO MORE TOWARDS THE GEEK SIDE OF THE EQUATION, BUT
[00:11:57] AS YOU START TO LOOK AT CHAOS
[00:12:01] THEORY AND SWARM THEORY, CHAOS
[00:12:05] BEING THAT I CAN MAKE
[00:12:08] PERTURBATION IN A NETWORK OR IN
[00:12:10] AN IN A DOMAIN, AND THAT SMALL
[00:12:13] PERTURBATION QUICKLY CASCADES.
[00:12:16] THE CHALLENGE IS YOU DON'T KNOW WHERE IT'S GOING TO CASCADE
[00:12:19] OFTENTIMES, AND YOU DON'T KNOW HOW LONG IT'S GOING TO PERSIST, ETC.
[00:12:23] BUT THOSE KINDS OF ACTIVITIES
[00:12:26] WITH COMPUTE, YOU START TO UNDERSTAND BOTH WHERE TO PER
[00:12:30] DEBATE, BUT ALSO TO WHERE TO PUT
[00:12:31] GUARDRAILS TO TO CORNER THINGS IN CYBER AND OTHER PLACES WHERE
[00:12:35] YOU'RE MOVING IT AT DECISION SPEED. THAT IS FASTER THAN THE SPEED OF
[00:12:39] LIGHT ON A GLOBAL SCALE.
[00:12:40] AND SO WHEN YOU SAY, OKAY, HOW
[00:12:44] ARE WE GOING TO GET COMMANDERS, FOR INSTANCE, TO START TO TRUST
[00:12:48] THIS WHEN THEY CAN'T EVEN PERCEIVE IT? OKAY.
[00:12:52] AND I GO BACK THE DOT KNOPF SIDE
[00:12:55] OF THIS EQUATION, WHICH IS, I
[00:12:57] THINK PROBABLY THE BEST THING WE HAVE GOING FOR US IS THE STEM
[00:13:01] GENERATION. THEY UNDERSTAND THIS. THIS MAKES SENSE TO THEM.
[00:13:04] THEY'RE COMFORTABLE IN THESE KINDS OF THOUGHT PROCESSES.
[00:13:07] THEY'RE COMFORTABLE IN THESE KINDS OF IMPROVEMENTS
[00:13:10] INCREMENTALLY AND QUICKLY, RISK
[00:13:12] FACTORS THAT ARE CONTEXTUAL TO THE SURROUNDINGS RATHER THAN
[00:13:15] JUST A PEANUT BUTTER SPREAD ACROSS THE EARTH. THOSE TYPES OF THINGS ARE GOING
[00:13:20] TO BE REALLY ADVANTAGEOUS TO US. AND YOU CAN ALREADY SEE IT IN
[00:13:23] THE FORCES. YOU REALLY YOU CAN ALREADY
[00:13:25] PERCEIVE THE DIFFERENCE IN, YOU
[00:13:28] KNOW, GUYS LIKE ME AND AND MAYBE
[00:13:31] A LITTLE BIT THIS GUY OF GOING
[00:13:35] THROUGH THE STAGES OF DENIAL. NOW, THIS WILL NEVER WORK TO SAY I STUFF IS CRAZY.
[00:13:39] WELL OKAY AS LONG AS I DON'T HAVE TO DO IT, YOU KNOW, AND YOU
[00:13:42] JUST KEEP WORKING YOUR WAY THROUGH UNTIL IT'S FINALLY OKAY. YOU GOT A CHOICE.
[00:13:46] YOU KNOW, YOU EITHER USE IT OR YOU PERISH.
[00:13:51] BUT MUCH OF WHAT'S HAPPENING AND
[00:13:53] IN THE DDL SIDE OF THIS EQUATION
[00:13:56] IS HAPPENING LONG BELOW THE
[00:13:59] ABILITY OF A HUMAN TO PERCEIVE IT.
[00:14:02] AND THAT'S REALLY CRITICAL TO UNDERSTAND WHY THIS IS SO
[00:14:05] IMPORTANT, WHY ONLY WORK IS SO IMPORTANT IN THIS AREA.
[00:14:09] THANK YOU VERY MUCH, SIR. AND I THINK A LOT OF THIS THE
[00:14:14] SPEED WITH WHICH IT'S MOVING, HOW AI IS MANIFESTING ITSELF,
[00:14:17] HOW COUNTRIES ARE RESPONDING
[00:14:19] USING EDGE COMPUTE AND VARIOUS
[00:14:21] WAYS WE'RE SEEING IT PLAY OUT IN IRAN AND UKRAINE.
[00:14:25] SO, GENERAL HARRIS, LET ME ASK YOU, AS WE THINK OF OUR
[00:14:28] ADVERSARIES CAPABILITIES IN THIS
[00:14:30] WORLD AND THE CHALLENGE OF DEPLOYING AI AND VIDEO
[00:14:33] ENVIRONMENTS, WHAT LESSONS CAN WE DRAW FROM OPERATION EPIC FURY
[00:14:37] AND WHAT WE'RE SEEING HAPPENING IN UKRAINE? JOE, THANKS.
[00:14:40] SO FIRST, THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME HERE TODAY.
[00:14:43] I THINK THE D-DAY ENVIRONMENT, THE WAY IT WAS JUST CAPTURED BY GENERAL CARTWRIGHT WAS SPOT ON.
[00:14:47] EVERY JUNIOR ENLISTED AND JUNIOR
[00:14:49] OFFICER, SENIOR OFFICER THAT'S OUT THERE.
[00:14:51] THIS ISN'T A NEW PHENOMENOLOGY. IT'S SOMETHING WE'VE ALL DEALT WITH.
[00:14:55] WE JUST HAPPENED TO CALL IT THE FOG AND FRICTION OF WAR BEFORE.
[00:14:59] IT'S JUST HAPPENING NOW WITH A NEW EXCEL HERING CALLED AI AND
[00:15:03] AUTOMATION. AND SO HOW DO WE GET MULTIPLE
[00:15:06] GENERATIONS FROM YOUR JUNIOR ENLISTED ALL THE WAY UP TO YOUR MOST SENIOR OFFICERS?
[00:15:11] UNDERSTANDING A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AND THEN DRAWING THE RIGHT CONCLUSIONS FROM IT.
[00:15:15] IF YOU'RE USING CLOD LIKE YOU WOULD GOOGLE, I CONTEND THAT
[00:15:19] YOU'RE PROBABLY IN THE WRONG ENVIRONMENT AND YOU PROBABLY HAVE ALREADY MARKED YOURSELF IN ONE OF THOSE DEMOGRAPHICS THAT I
[00:15:23] JUST TALKED ABOUT VERSUS SOMEBODY THAT'S OUT THERE
[00:15:26] ACTUALLY APPLYING THE AI TOOLS IN THE WAY THEY NEED TO BE.
[00:15:29] AND THE WAY THAT THIS UNFOLDED. AND I THINK A GREAT EXAMPLE OF THIS IS EPIC FURY.
[00:15:33] SO ON THE OPENING DAYS OF EPIC FURY, MOST OF THOSE TARGETS WERE
[00:15:38] STATIC TARGETS. WE HAD BEEN LOOKING AT IT. WE KNEW WHERE THEY WERE.
[00:15:41] YOU COULD USE AI FOR THE WEAPON
[00:15:43] TARGET PAIRING TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAD THE OPTIMAL SOLUTION ON THEIR. ALL OF THOSE THINGS WERE
[00:15:49] RELEVANT. BUT THEN AS SOON AS THINGS KICKED OFF AND IT BECAME A
[00:15:53] DYNAMIC TARGET ENVIRONMENT, NOW IS WHEN YOU REALLY SEE THE POWER
[00:15:56] OF AI COMING TOGETHER AND HARNESSING A LOT OF WHAT YOU SEE
[00:16:00] AND NOW COMPARE AND CONTRAST THAT WITH UKRAINE. BUT FOR THAT DYNAMIC TARGET
[00:16:04] PICTURE, IT'S WHERE ARE THEY? SO AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE
[00:16:08] BATTLE SPACE THAT YOU'RE IN. AND THIS IS WHERE I REALLY BEGAN TO EXCEL. AND IT DID NOT ONLY EXCEL IN THE
[00:16:12] STRIKE SIDE, ON THE LOGISTICS SIDE, WITH U.S. TRANSCOM AS
[00:16:16] ACCESS BASING AND OVERFLIGHT BECAME A LITTLE BIT MORE RESTRICTED.
[00:16:19] IT WAS AIR TOOLS THAT WERE USED AT HEADQUARTERS TRANSCOM TO
[00:16:23] BEGIN LOOKING AT DIFFERENT PLACES FOR US TO BASE AND MOVE
[00:16:26] LOGISTICS TO AND FROM THAT THEATER.
[00:16:30] INCREDIBLY HELPFUL. BUT REALLY WHAT IT DID IS IT HELPED US MAINTAIN THAT TEMPO OF
[00:16:34] OPERATIONS THAT WE NEEDED TO. AND I THINK WHAT'S INTERESTING
[00:16:37] NOW IS AND IT'S JUST A THEORY OR
[00:16:41] AN IDEA, BUT IT GOT US TO A CERTAIN POINT AND WE'VE
[00:16:43] PLATEAUED RIGHT NOW. SO HOW DOES IT HELP IN THE BLOCKADE?
[00:16:47] HOW DOES IT HELP WITH DYNAMIC TARGETING? THESE ARE NOW AREAS WITHIN AI
[00:16:51] AND AUTONOMY THAT I THINK THAT AT LEAST OUR UNDERSTANDING OF IT
[00:16:53] HAS HAS PLATEAUED. AND WE'RE STARTING TO LEARN DIFFERENT WAYS IN WHICH TO EMPLOY AI.
[00:16:57] AND I'M HERE TO TELL YOU, IT'S NOT YOUR SENIOR OFFICERS THAT
[00:17:00] ARE SITTING UP ON THE STAGE TO UNDERSTAND THIS. IT'S A LOT OF YOUR JUNIOR
[00:17:04] ENLISTED AND JUNIOR OFFICERS THAT ARE FIGURING THIS OUT IN A
[00:17:07] REAL TIME MODE. BUT THAT SAME PIECE ABOUT
[00:17:10] UNDERSTANDING WHAT PROBLEM SETS THAT WE NEED TO UNCOVER AND THEN
[00:17:13] TACKLE IS THE SAME LESSON THAT I CONTEND THAT WE'RE LEARNING IN
[00:17:16] UKRAINE RIGHT NOW. FOR THEM, IT'S UKRAINE'S JOB
[00:17:20] RIGHT NOW FOR EVERY MINUTE OF EVERY HOUR OF EVERY DAY TO
[00:17:23] OUTWIT AND OUTSMART THE RUSSIANS AND TO STAY AHEAD OF WHERE THEY'RE AT.
[00:17:27] AND THIS IS REALLY WHERE THEY'RE STARTING TO USE A LOT OF AI, A
[00:17:30] LITTLE BIT OF AUTOMATION, BUT A LOT OF AI TO REALLY START
[00:17:34] UNDERSTANDING WHAT'S HAPPENING NEXT.
[00:17:36] THEY'LL SEND A WAVE OF DRONES
[00:17:38] OUT ON THESE LONGER RANGE ATTACKS THAT WE'RE SEEING AND THEY'RE ACTUALLY GETTING DATA TO
[00:17:43] COME BACK AND FEED IN NEW METHODS AND NEW ALGORITHMS AND
[00:17:47] WHAT MIGHT BE IN ONE FREQUENCY SPECTRUM THAT WE SEND SOMETHING
[00:17:50] IN THAT RUSSIA HAS NOW OPTIMIZED FOR, THE NEXT WAVE HAPPENS TO BE
[00:17:54] IN A DIFFERENT FREQUENCY SPECTRUM. SO YOU CAN BOUNCE BACK AND FORTH.
[00:17:56] SO WE'RE STARTING TO SEE A LITTLE BIT OF THIS ADVANTAGE PLAY OUT.
[00:18:00] THE SCARY PART IS RUSSIA'S CATCHING UP PRETTY QUICK AND
[00:18:03] THEY'RE STARTING TO FIGURE OUT THE SAME IDEAS. AND I THINK ON THE NEWS
[00:18:06] RECENTLY, WE'VE SEEN MULTIPLE STRIKES GOING BACK INTO KIEV. ONE OF THE INTERESTING STORIES I
[00:18:10] LIKE TO TELL AND I THINK IT'S IT HAPPENED ABOUT 18 MONTHS AGO, IS
[00:18:15] A GROUP OF THREE DOCTORS HAD INVESTED THEIR OWN MONEY AROUND
[00:18:19] KIEV AND PUT IPHONES UP ON LIKE
[00:18:21] A 18 FOOT POLE AND THEN
[00:18:23] CONNECTED THAT TO AN IPAD ON ONE OF THE TRIPLE A ARTILLERY PIECES.
[00:18:27] AND WHAT THEY WERE DOING WAS OPTIMIZING THOSE IPHONES FOR
[00:18:32] ACOUSTICS, SIGNATURES OF LISTENING FOR SOME OF THOSE ONE WAY ATTACK DRONES COMING IN AND
[00:18:35] THEN FROM THERE FEEDING IT INTO THAT CENTRAL IPAD.
[00:18:38] SO YOU'RE STARTING TO SEE A LEVEL OF CONNECTEDNESS HAPPEN
[00:18:42] ACROSS THE FORCE AT A LOWER LEVEL.
[00:18:44] SO FOR A FEW THOUSAND DOLLARS, THEY'RE PUTTING A LOW TECH
[00:18:48] SOLUTION AGAINST A LOW TECH PROBLEM. INSTEAD OF FIRING OFF THE $3.3
[00:18:52] MILLION PATRIOT TO INTERCEPT EVERY $40,000 DRONE THAT'S GOING OUT THERE.
[00:18:57] SO I DO THINK THAT REALLY WHAT IT'S DOING IS IT'S HELPING US
[00:19:00] LEAPFROG IN GENERATIONAL TERMS. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WE'RE
[00:19:03] GETTING AFTER FASTER? AND THEN HOW DO WE FIND SOLUTIONS THAT'S EVEN FASTER TO
[00:19:07] GET AFTER IT? THANK YOU, SIR. AND IT'S A REMINDER OF ALL THE
[00:19:10] TALK OF HOW READINESS IS BEING DEGRADED WITH OPERATION EPIC
[00:19:13] FAIRY, WHICH IS THE CASE IN SOME CASES. WE'RE ALSO LEARNING A LOT, TOO, IN A WAY THAT IMPROVES
[00:19:17] READINESS. ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THIS EQUATION.
[00:19:19] AND LET ME TURN TO YOU. YOU'RE THE LEAD AUTHOR OF THIS REPORT.
[00:19:23] WHAT DID THE RESEARCH REVEAL TO
[00:19:27] YOU THROUGHOUT THIS STUDY ON WHERE THE PENTAGON IS TODAY IN
[00:19:30] TERMS FIELDING AN EYE FOR DETAIL ENVIRONMENTS AND WHERE IT NEEDS TO GO?
[00:19:36] YES, I THINK WHAT WAS VERY APPARENT THROUGHOUT THE COURSE,
[00:19:39] THE RESEARCH AS NEW POLICIES CONTINUED TO COME OUT RIGHT, IS
[00:19:43] THAT THE TECHNO TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IS ADVANCING REALLY
[00:19:47] QUICKLY IN THIS SPACE. AND SO POLICY IS BEING
[00:19:50] FORMULATED TO KEEP UP REALLY RAPIDLY.
[00:19:52] AND SO EARLIER THIS YEAR, WE HAD
[00:19:55] THE AI ACCELERATE STRATEGY RELEASED BY THE DEPARTMENT.
[00:19:59] AND I THINK THERE ARE A LOT OF POSITIVE DEVELOPMENTS TO DRAW
[00:20:02] FROM WHAT'S HAPPENING AT THE DEPARTMENT WIDE LEVEL.
[00:20:05] SO AS I DISCUSS IN THE REPORT, I
[00:20:08] THINK THE MORE AND BETTER OPPORTUNITIES WE CAN HAVE TO
[00:20:12] INCORPORATE WARFIGHTER FEEDBACK INTO AI SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
[00:20:15] THROUGHOUT THE AI LIFECYCLE IS REALLY IMPERATIVE.
[00:20:19] AND SO WE'VE SEEN PROGRAMS LIKE SWARM FORGE AND THUNDER FORGE,
[00:20:23] WHERE PROTOTYPING IS A REALLY IMPORTANT ASPECT WHERE
[00:20:27] WARFIGHTERS ARE GIVING FEEDBACK DIRECTLY TO DEVELOPERS.
[00:20:30] FOR INSTANCE, THROUGH THE CRUCIBLE DEMOS THAT HAVE BEEN
[00:20:34] CONTINUING TO TO THAT ARE ONGOING.
[00:20:38] AND SO GETTING THAT ITERATIVE
[00:20:40] FEEDBACK ABOUT WHAT WORKS, WHAT DOESN'T WORK.
[00:20:43] CLOSING THE LOOP ON HOW LONG IT TAKES TO INCORPORATE THAT
[00:20:46] FEEDBACK INTO DESIGN IS PRETTY IMPERATIVE.
[00:20:49] I THINK THE NEXT STEPS FOR THE
[00:20:51] DEPARTMENT REALLY STEM FROM BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN WHERE THE TECHNOLOGY IS AND HOW THEY
[00:20:55] WANT IT TO BE ADOPTED AND THE
[00:20:59] IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY THAT'S COMING OUT OF THE DEPARTMENT.
[00:21:03] SO FOR A LONG TIME THE US DEPARTMENT AWARDS, DEPARTMENT OF
[00:21:06] DEFENSE HAS BEEN AT THE CUTTING EDGE WHEN IT COMES TO THINKING THROUGH INTEGRATION WITH
[00:21:12] WARFIGHTERS, THROUGH PRACTICES LIKE OPERATIONAL TEST AND
[00:21:14] EVALUATION FOR V. LAST YEAR, THE DEPARTMENT
[00:21:19] RELEASED ITS AI ASSURANCE FRAMEWORK FOR PILLARS, INCLUDING
[00:21:22] AMONG THEM INTEGRATION WITH LEGACY SYSTEMS, HUMAN FACTORS, TESTING.
[00:21:26] THIS STUFF IS REALLY IMPERATIVE
[00:21:27] TO ENSURING THAT CALIBRATED
[00:21:31] TRUST CAN BE ACHIEVED BY WARFIGHTERS IN THE SYSTEMS THAT THEY'RE GOING TO USE AND
[00:21:36] INCORPORATE A.I., PARTICULARLY INTO NODE ENVIRONMENTS, BECAUSE
[00:21:39] THAT IS WHERE SOME OF THE DECISION MAKING PRESSURE TO USE THESE TOOLS IS GOING TO BE
[00:21:42] GREATEST. AND SO THAT FRAMEWORK IS
[00:21:46] COMPARATIVELY NEW SINCE IT WAS OUT LAST YEAR. I THINK A PRIORITY FOR THE
[00:21:50] DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE NOT TREATING THAT TESTING AND
[00:21:52] EVALUATION TYPE WORK OR HUMAN FACTORS CONSIDERATIONS
[00:21:56] THROUGHOUT THE LIFECYCLE AS A HANDBRAKE, BUT RATHER TREATING
[00:22:00] THEM AS GUARDRAILS THAT CAN ENABLE US TO GO FASTER WHEN IT COMES TO INNOVATING IN THE
[00:22:06] MILITARY AIR SPACE, PARTICULARLY WITH REGARD TO CONTESTED ENVIRONMENTS.
[00:22:10] THANK YOU. I'D LIKE TO TURN TO THE TOPIC OF
[00:22:14] TRUST WE SEE BOTH IN POLLING BROADLY LACK OF TRUST IN AI AND
[00:22:17] THE AMERICAN PUBLIC, BUT SPECIFICALLY IN THE MILITARY
[00:22:21] CONTEXT. COMMAND DOES NEED TO TRUST THAT
[00:22:25] THIS IS GOING TO WORK. HE TALKED ABOUT DYNAMIC TARGETING.
[00:22:29] ARE WE GOING TO HIT THE TARGETS THAT WE'RE ACTUALLY AIMING AT? LIVES ARE ON THE LINE HERE.
[00:22:33] THE STAKES ARE MUCH HIGHER THAN WE THINK OF SOMETIMES IN THE
[00:22:36] COMMERCIAL WORLD. AND SOLDIERS, AS YOU WERE MENTIONING.
[00:22:40] OH, AND THEY MUST TRUST THAT THEIR EQUIPMENT IS GOING TO WORK
[00:22:43] AS INTENDED IN THE FIGHT. AND WE ALSO KNOW THAT OUR
[00:22:47] ADVERSARIES, THROUGH VARIOUS
[00:22:49] METHODS, ARE GOING TO TRY TO
[00:22:51] IMPACT OUR SYSTEMS NEGATIVELY IN MANY WAYS.
[00:22:54] AS YOU SAID, GENERAL CARTWRIGHT, THAT WE CANNOT PERCEIVE.
[00:22:58] ARE WE GETTING THE RIGHT DATA AND INFORMATION?
[00:23:00] IS IT ACCURATE IN THE BRIEF WE
[00:23:02] TALKED, WE REFER TO A TERM CALLED JUSTIFIED CONFIDENCE AT
[00:23:06] THE SHOOT OR DON'T SHOOT MOMENT WHEN A SYSTEM MIGHT BE OPERATING
[00:23:09] NEAR THE EDGE OF ITS COMPETENCY
[00:23:11] WITHOUT RELIABLY TELLING THE OPERATOR.
[00:23:14] AND SO MY QUESTION, I'LL START WITH YOU AGAIN, GENERAL
[00:23:17] CARTWRIGHT, IS WHAT ARE THE MOST
[00:23:20] CONCERNING CHALLENGES FOR A
[00:23:22] COMMANDER TO CONSIDER AS WE
[00:23:25] THINK OF DEPLOYING A AI IN DDL
[00:23:27] ENVIRONMENTS COMPARED TO OTHER
[00:23:31] TECHNOLOGIES?
[00:23:32] I THINK PROBABLY ONE I MIGHT
[00:23:36] TAKE THE WORD AND AND SHIFTED TO RISK.
[00:23:40] YES, IT'S CONFIDENCE.
[00:23:43] IT'S YES, IT'S TRUST. ALL OF THOSE THINGS.
[00:23:46] BUT BUT IT IS NOT UNIFORM ACROSS
[00:23:52] THE SPECTRUM OF CONFLICT. OKAY. AND SO IF YOU'RE IN A
[00:23:57] HEADQUARTERS AND YOU'RE BUILDING A NEW WIDGET, WHATEVER THAT
[00:23:59] WIDGET IS, THE TOLERANCE FOR
[00:24:01] ANYTHING THAT WON'T DO WHAT IT'S
[00:24:03] SUPPOSED TO DO IS PRETTY MUCH ZERO. OKAY?
[00:24:07] IN THE FIELD, IT'S NOT THAT WAY. ONCE YOU GET TO THE COMBATANT
[00:24:11] COMMANDER AND LOWER, THE RISK IS
[00:24:13] REALLY MORE ABOUT WHAT DO I HAVE
[00:24:16] ANY ALTERNATIVES TO PURSUE MY OBJECTIVE AND SUCCESSFULLY
[00:24:21] CAPTURE THAT OBJECTIVE. IF I CONTINUE ON THE WAY I'M
[00:24:24] DOING IT OR DO I NEED TO CHANGE? DO I NEED TO TRUST SOMETHING I
[00:24:28] DON'T KNOW A LOT ABOUT BUT EMPLOY IT ANYWAY?
[00:24:32] AND AND SO WHAT YOU FIND KIND OF
[00:24:34] AT THE COCKPIT OR FOXHOLE LEVEL
[00:24:38] IS, OKAY, THEY GAVE ME THIS
[00:24:40] THING YESTERDAY WAS REALLY UGLY.
[00:24:43] I'M WILLING TO TAKE IT OUT THERE
[00:24:45] JUST TO MAKE SURE I GET TO COME HOME OR AT LEAST HAVE A BETTER
[00:24:49] CHANCE TO COME HOME. OKAY. AND SO THERE'S TWO VERY
[00:24:53] DIFFERENT RISK CALCULUS BEING PUT AGAINST THE SAME SYSTEM AND
[00:24:57] THE TOLERANCE AT THE EDGE IS DRAMATICALLY HIGHER IN CONTEXT
[00:25:01] THAN IT IS BACK AT THE
[00:25:03] HEADQUARTERS, SO TO SPEAK, OF A SERVICE OR THE DEPARTMENT OF
[00:25:07] DEFENSE OR WAR. AND SO YOU YOU NEED TO TAKE A
[00:25:11] LOOK AT THAT. AND WHEN YOU GET TO THE HIGHER
[00:25:14] HEADQUARTERS WHERE IT'S KIND OF
[00:25:17] A VERY LOW RISK OR NO RISK ENVIRONMENT, YOU ALSO HAVE TO
[00:25:21] TAKE A LOOK AT WHAT THE METRIC
[00:25:23] IS FOR VALUE. IN NINE TIMES OUT OF TEN, THE
[00:25:28] METRIC FOR VALUE IS I'M A PERSON AND I CAN DO IT BETTER.
[00:25:33] OKAY? WHICH MATHEMATICALLY,
[00:25:36] EMPIRICALLY IS ALMOST NEVER THE CASE.
[00:25:38] BUT IN PSYCHOLOGY IS ALWAYS THE
[00:25:43] CASE. AND SO YOU'RE TRYING TO TO SAY,
[00:25:45] OKAY, YEAH, I GOT IT.
[00:25:47] YOU WATCHED, YOU KNOW, SOMETHING
[00:25:50] NOT FUNCTION THE WAY IT WAS SUPPOSED TO IN THE FIELD.
[00:25:54] OKAY? AND THEREFORE, I'M, YOU KNOW, I'M NEVER GOING TO DO THAT
[00:25:58] AGAIN. BUT THE GUY WHO HAD IT NOT WORK,
[00:26:00] YOU KNOW, NUMBER ONE, MAY HAVE MADE A MISTAKE.
[00:26:04] MAY HAVE NOT HAD A TOOL THAT ACTUALLY WORKED FOR THAT PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENT.
[00:26:08] BUT I'M -- SURE I'M GOING TO CARRY IT BACK OUT THERE THE NEXT
[00:26:11] DAY JUST TO BE HAVE ANYTHING, YOU KNOW THAT WORKS.
[00:26:15] AND SO YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU COUCH THE CRITERIA IN
[00:26:18] SOMETHING THAT IS ACTUALLY
[00:26:21] USEFUL AND MEASURABLE IN THE CONTEXT OF WHAT YOU'RE DOING IN
[00:26:24] THE BUSINESS. AND, YOU KNOW, AND WE HAVE ALL
[00:26:27] HEARD THE DIFFERENT STORIES ABOUT, OH, YOU KNOW, I SAW THAT
[00:26:30] DRIVING CAR, YOU KNOW, SELF DRIVING CAR, DROVE INTO A TREE
[00:26:33] OR, YOU KNOW, IT RAN OFF A DITCH
[00:26:36] AND YET WE FAILED TO SEE THAT,
[00:26:39] YOU KNOW, WAS SELF DRIVING
[00:26:41] VEHICLES OR COMBINES OR WHATEVER IT IS. THEY MAY HAVE MADE ONE MISTAKE
[00:26:45] DURING THE DAY, BUT THERE'S A WHOLE PEOPLE THAT DIED DRIVING
[00:26:50] CARS THAT DAY AND DROVE AND DIED
[00:26:53] BECAUSE OF HUMAN ERROR.
[00:26:55] AND SO YOU YOU WANT TO TAKE A LOOK AT THIS.
[00:26:59] AND IT'S REALLY DIFFICULT BECAUSE THAT'S PART OF THE
[00:27:01] STAGES OF GRIEVING, THE DENIAL STAGE HERE OF, YOU KNOW, OKAY,
[00:27:04] YOU KNOW, THIS CAN NEVER WORK AND I'M NEVER GOING TO DO THIS. AND AND I PULL UP SOMETHING.
[00:27:08] THE PROBLEM HERE ALSO IS THAT THAT THE PACE OF IMPROVEMENT AND
[00:27:13] CHANGE IS DRAMATICALLY FASTER. I CAN GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE OF
[00:27:16] SOMETHING THAT DIDN'T WORK LAST WEEK AND HAS ALREADY BEEN FIXED
[00:27:20] THIS WEEK. AND SO THE THE EDGE BATTLE SPACE
[00:27:23] IS FUNDED MENTALLY DIFFERENT IN
[00:27:25] THE SPEED IN WHICH IT CAN REACT
[00:27:29] PARTICULAR, YOU SEE IN THE CASE OF STATIONARY TARGETS VERSUS
[00:27:32] DYNAMIC TARGETING AND DYNAMIC ACTIVITIES.
[00:27:35] ON THE BATTLE SPACE.
[00:27:37] SO I URGE PEOPLE AS THEY LOOK AT
[00:27:40] IT AND AS COMMANDERS LOOK AT IT, ONE IS TO BE THOUGHTFUL ABOUT
[00:27:44] THE CONTEXT IN WHICH YOU'RE EVALUATING IT AND THEN SECOND,
[00:27:48] TO GIVE IT THE OPPORTUNITY
[00:27:52] BECAUSE IT'S BETTER THAN NOTHING. OFTENTIMES, IF YOU DON'T KNOW
[00:27:55] HOW THE PROBLEM MANIFESTED ITSELF OR HOW TO DEAL WITH IT.
[00:27:57] AND SO, YOU KNOW, THERE'S PROBABLY PLENTY OF BATTLE SPACE
[00:28:02] ACTIVITIES THAT ARE GOING ON RIGHT NOW THAT PROVE THAT OUT.
[00:28:05] BUT I CAN REMEMBER YOUR EARLY
[00:28:09] STAGES OF VIETNAM. WE HAD THIS THING CALLED A
[00:28:13] HELICOPTER AND WE MOVED TO A NEW HELICOPTER THAT WAS CALLED THE 46.
[00:28:16] IT HAD TWO ROTORS, ONE IN THE FRONT IN THE BACK, AND A COUPLE
[00:28:20] OF THEM SEPARATED. AND I CAN REMEMBER, YOU KNOW,
[00:28:24] STANDING THERE IN THE ZONE AND GOING, WHY DON'T YOU GET ON FIRST?
[00:28:27] WHY DON'T YOU GET ON FIRST? OKAY. BUT THERE WASN'T A CHOICE.
[00:28:31] AND YOU COULD LOOK BEHIND YOU AND THERE WERE PEOPLE COMING WITH GUNS.
[00:28:34] SO SO THE IMPERATIVE IS FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT THERE
[00:28:37] THAN IT WAS, SAY, BACK AT, YOU KNOW, COMPANY X THAT WAS BUILDING IT.
[00:28:41] AND SO IT'S DIFFICULT.
[00:28:43] YOU HAVE TO DO THIS, BUT A LOT
[00:28:46] OF THIS ACTIVITY, QUITE FRANKLY,
[00:28:48] AT THE END OF THE DAY, BOILS DOWN TO DO I HAVE THE RIGHT RISK
[00:28:52] CONTEXT IN WHICH TO THINK ABOUT THE PROBLEM AND THEN WHAT ARE
[00:28:55] THE TOOLS THAT I HAVE TO MITIGATE IF IT'S NOT TAKING ME WHERE I WANT TO GO?
[00:28:59] I THINK HE BRINGS UP A GOOD POINT, SIR, ABOUT THE RISK AND
[00:29:03] IT'S REFRAMING THE QUESTION. SO JUST 30S REAL QUICK, IF I
[00:29:06] COULD, I, I DON'T WANT OUR
[00:29:08] OPERATORS TO TRUST IN A TOOL WHAT I WANT TO DO AND TEACH THEM
[00:29:13] INSTEAD IS WHEN IS THE TOOL WORKING? AM I GETTING THE EXPECTED
[00:29:16] OUTCOMES OF THOSE? BUT IT DOES TIE BACK TO RISK.
[00:29:18] IT'S THE PROBABILITY OF SOMETHING HAPPENING AND THEN THE
[00:29:21] IMPACT IF IT REALLY DOES HAPPEN. SO IN THAT FRAMEWORK, I NEED TO
[00:29:26] TEACH THESE OPERATORS WHAT HAPPENS IF THIS ISN'T WORKING THE WAY IT'S SUPPOSED TO IN THE
[00:29:31] REAL THE REAL UNDERLYING IN THE DEEP PIECE ON THIS ONE IS IT'S
[00:29:34] REALLY EASY WHEN YOU CAN LOOK AT SOMETHING AND YOU OBVIOUSLY HAVE
[00:29:38] SOME BAD INFORMATION, YOUR DATA IS CORRUPTED, YOUR COMPUTE WAS INSUFFICIENT, SOMETHING LIKE
[00:29:42] THAT, THAT'S NOT THE CASE. I'M TALKING ABOUT. I THINK THE CASE THAT WE REALLY
[00:29:45] NEED TO WORRY ABOUT IS WHEN IT'S INSIDIOUS AND YOU GET A SOLUTION
[00:29:49] THAT YOU THINK MIGHT BE TRUE AND
[00:29:51] YOU EXECUTE ON IT. THAT'S THE PART WHERE WE REALLY
[00:29:54] HAVE TO START UNDERSTANDING FUNDAMENTALLY WHAT RISK IS,
[00:29:57] BECAUSE IN A DATA ENVIRONMENT, YOUR PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, YOUR ELECTRICAL POWER, YOUR
[00:30:02] COMPUTE MAY BE IN ONE PLACE, BUT YOUR ALGORITHMS, YOUR CHIPS AND
[00:30:04] EVERYTHING ELSE ARE FORWARD. AND UNTIL THEY ACTUALLY HAVE A
[00:30:08] CHANCE TO SYNC UP, TO GO, HERE'S WHAT I'M SEEING AND HERE'S THE
[00:30:11] ACTION I TOOK YOUR HEADQUARTERS ISN'T GOING TO KNOW. SO I THINK THIS WHOLE RISK
[00:30:15] TOLERANCE PIECE IS SOMETHING TO UNPACK A LITTLE BIT MORE.
[00:30:17] AND LET ME ASK ONE QUESTION OR CONTINUE ON THAT THEN.
[00:30:21] SO WHEN YOU WERE MANAGING AIR FORCE FUTURES, HOW DID THE HOW DID THE AIR FORCE THINK ABOUT
[00:30:24] HOW DID YOU THINK ABOUT ENSURING GREATER RELIABILITY SO THAT
[00:30:28] THERE WAS GREATER TRUST AMONG THE SOLDIERS AND COMMANDERS?
[00:30:31] ARE THERE STEPS THAT YOU TAKE? THERE WAS THERE WAS TWO THINGS
[00:30:33] THAT WE PUT IN PLACE AND I THINK
[00:30:35] IT'S BETTER IF I IF I KIND OF GIVE YOU A VIGNETTE OR A STORY
[00:30:38] ABOUT WHAT WE DID. SO AND DRILL AND GENERAL ATOMICS
[00:30:42] HAVE JUST BEEN AWARDED OUR COLLABORATOR OF COMBAT AIRCRAFT.
[00:30:45] AND IT'S WHERE THE BRAINS OF THIS COLLABORATIVE COMBAT
[00:30:47] AIRCRAFT ARE REALLY AN AIR MODEL THAT ARE RUN BY DIFFERENT
[00:30:51] COMPANIES. BUT WHAT YOU DON'T WANT TO DO IS YOU DON'T WANT TO SIT HERE AND
[00:30:55] HAVE AN UNMANNED PLATFORM FLYING IN FORMATION WITH A MANNED
[00:30:58] PLATFORM OR MORE IMPORTANTLY, SOMETHING THAT'S GOING TO JOIN
[00:31:01] IT IN SOME WEIRD WAY THAT YOU WEREN'T EXPECTING. AGAIN, AN EDGE CASE, RIGHT?
[00:31:04] SO THE WAY THAT WE LOOKED AT GUARDRAILS FOR THIS IS ONE, WE ESTABLISHED AN EXPERIMENTAL
[00:31:10] OPERATIONS UNIT IN ESU AND THIS IS REALLY TAKING THIS OUT FOR A
[00:31:14] TEST DRIVE TO SEE WHAT ARE THE LEFT AND RIGHT LIMITS. WE KNOW WHAT THE VENDOR SAID IT
[00:31:17] WAS SUPPOSED TO DO. ARE THEY REALLY HAPPENING THIS WAY? AND IF THEY ARE HAPPENING THAT
[00:31:22] WAY, GIVE IT BACK TO THE VENDOR AND LET'S WORK WITH THEM.
[00:31:24] SO YOU HAVE TO HAVE INDUSTRY ENGINEERS AND OPERATORS ALL
[00:31:28] TOGETHER IN ONE ENVIRONMENT. REALLY UNPACKING WHAT'S HAPPENING.
[00:31:31] AND THEN WHEN THAT HAPPENS, YOU NEED TO UPDATE YOUR TACTICS AND YOU NEED TO UPDATE YOUR
[00:31:35] PROCEDURES AND THEN TAKE IT BACK OUT FOR A TEST DRIVE TO SEE IF IT REALLY DIDN'T WORK.
[00:31:39] BUT THAT ALSO PREDICATES ON THE
[00:31:41] FACT THAT WE REALLY NEED SOME
[00:31:43] SOME TYPE OF SANDBOX IN WHICH TO TEST THESE TOOLS OUT AND TO GO
[00:31:47] TRAIN WITH THEM. THIS IS HOW YOU START BUILDING CONFIDENCE OR COMPETENCE AND
[00:31:52] CONFIDENCE IN YOUR OPERATORS TO USE THE TOOLS THAT WE GIVE THEM FOR THIS.
[00:31:55] SO FOR ME, IT WAS REALLY ABOUT SETTING UP THE EXPERT X, THE
[00:31:59] EXPERIMENTAL OPERATIONS UNIT. AND THEN THE OTHER PART OF IT IS
[00:32:02] REALLY SETTING UP IN AN AREA, IN AN ENVIRONMENT JUST LIKE WE DO AT NATIONAL TRAINING CENTER,
[00:32:06] JUST LIKE WE DO WITH J. R, T, C, OR NELLIS, AND SOME OF
[00:32:09] OUR RED FLAGS. BUT YOU HAVE TO TAKE THIS OUT
[00:32:11] FOR A TEST DRIVE, TRY IT AND SEE WHAT'S HAPPENED AND DO IT IN A
[00:32:15] CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT AND THAT'S WHAT HELPS YOU BUILD THE CONFIDENCE IN THERE.
[00:32:19] DON'T YOU THINK? THERE'S A THERE'S ANOTHER PIECE THAT THAT COMES IN.
[00:32:22] THERE ARE THERE ARE CLIFFS. SO TO SPEAK, IN THE DEVELOPMENT
[00:32:27] AND WHAT WE'VE SEEN BOTH IN THE
[00:32:30] AGRICULTURE SIDE OF THE EQUATION AND IN THE CAR SIDE OF THE
[00:32:33] EQUATION IS WHEN YOU GET TO A POINT WHERE THERE WHERE THE
[00:32:37] SYSTEM HAS A WAY TO TELL YOU
[00:32:39] IT'S NOT NOT COMFORTABLE AND THAT IT CAN TAKE YOU THROUGH A
[00:32:44] GRACEFUL DEGRADATION OF ITS CAPABILITY, READ WITH A CAR,
[00:32:48] PULL OFF TO THE SIDE AND SHUT DOWN, SAY, OKAY, YOU GOT TO FIX THIS.
[00:32:51] IT'S I'M UNCOMFORTABLE. WELL, I CAN'T NAVIGATE IT.
[00:32:54] AND YOU DO IT MANUALLY OR YOU GO, YEAH, OKAY. IN THE SAME IN THE FIELD.
[00:32:57] AND SO WHEN YOU GET TO THAT POINT WHERE THERE'S THE ABILITY
[00:33:01] AND GUARDRAIL KINDS OF MINDSETS TO SAY, OKAY, I'M NOT GETTING
[00:33:05] ENOUGH INFORMATION AND THIS IS
[00:33:07] THE A.I. PERSON, I'M NOT GETTING ENOUGH INFORMATION TO FEEL
[00:33:11] COMFORTABLE TO DO THIS FOR YOU. OKAY? I NEED TO TELL YOU THAT.
[00:33:14] AND I NEED TO BE ABLE TO TAKE YOU THROUGH A GRACEFUL
[00:33:18] DEGRADATION THAT GETS ME OUT OF THIS PROBLEM INTO A SAFE PLACE.
[00:33:20] ONCE YOU GET THAT, THERE SEEMS
[00:33:23] TO BE A PRETTY BIG ACCELERATION
[00:33:27] IN THE TRUST FACTOR BECAUSE YOU'RE YOU'RE IN A POSITION THEN
[00:33:31] YOU FEEL LIKE YOU HAVE AN OUT AND YOU FEEL LIKE YOU HAVE A WAY
[00:33:35] TO UNDERSTAND IF IF THE SYSTEM IS NOT WORKING.
[00:33:38] FOR INSTANCE, IN MY CAR, YOU KNOW, IT'S RAINING OUT, OKAY, I
[00:33:42] MAY BE DEGRADED. OH, OKAY. IT'S RAINING.
[00:33:46] REALLY HARD. I'M GOING TO SLOW YOU DOWN BELOW
[00:33:48] THE SPEED LIMIT. IT'S RAINING EVEN HARDER.
[00:33:52] I THINK IT'S TIME TO PULL OFF TO THE SIDE, YOU SAY?
[00:33:56] I JUST DON'T TAKE ANY ACTION. I'LL JUST SEE WHAT YOU DO.
[00:33:59] IT PULLS OFF TO THE SIDE AND IT WAITS. SO IF.
[00:34:02] IF YOU HAVE AND THAT'S NOT NECESSARILY THE ANSWER FOR EVERY
[00:34:06] PROBLEM, BUT IT IS IT IT IS ONE OF THE FACTORS THAT WE SAW BOTH
[00:34:10] IN THE AGRICULTURE SIDE AND THE OTHER IS THIS GRACEFUL
[00:34:14] DEGRADATION IDEA GIVES YOU A SET OF GUARDRAILS THAT YOU CAN START TO THINK.
[00:34:17] SO IF THE AIRPLANE PULLS UP NEXT TO ME AND IT'S UPSIDE DOWN, YOU
[00:34:22] KNOW, OKAY, THAT'S NOT PLAYING FAIR. YOU KNOW, WE WANT SOMETHING
[00:34:26] DIFFERENT OUT OF THE BEHAVIOR
[00:34:28] THAT TO ME, THAT'S THAT'S ONE OF THE KNEES IN THE CURVE WHERE YOU
[00:34:31] START TO REALIZE YOU'RE STARTING TO STARTING TO GET TOWARDS SOMETHING THAT YOU CAN ACTUALLY
[00:34:36] USE FOR. OH, AND LET ME TURN TO YOU NOW.
[00:34:39] THE REPORT DISCUSSED AIR
[00:34:43] APPLICATIONS AND CAPABILITIES THAT ACTUALLY, IF USE, CAN BE
[00:34:46] IMMEDIATELY USEFUL OR AT THE
[00:34:48] TACTICAL EDGE ON THE BATTLEFIELD.
[00:34:50] CAN YOU DESCRIBE WHAT SOME OF
[00:34:53] THESE CAPABILITIES ARE AND WHY THEY WOULD BE USEFUL?
[00:34:55] YEAH, I THINK, YOU KNOW, MOST OF
[00:34:57] US ARE THE PUBLIC IS GAINING A
[00:35:01] GREATER FAMILIARITY WITH A LOT OF THE TOPICS, A LOT OF THE
[00:35:04] CAPABILITIES THAT ARE USEFUL FOR AGI.
[00:35:07] SO SPECIFICALLY FOR DIGITAL
[00:35:10] ENVIRONMENTS, THE APPLICATIONS
[00:35:12] WHERE YOU CAN LOSE CONNECTIVITY,
[00:35:14] AS WAS DISCUSSED EARLIER, BACK TO THE HUMAN OPERATOR AND THE
[00:35:18] SYSTEM CONTINUES TO FUNCTION ANYWAY. ARE SOME OF THE MOST USEFUL
[00:35:21] APPLICATION CASES AND CONTESTED ENVIRONMENTS.
[00:35:24] SO THINKING A.I. ENABLED AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION.
[00:35:28] SOME OF YOU MAY HAVE EVEN GOTTEN THE NEW YORK TIMES NOTIFICATION
[00:35:31] ON YOUR PHONE TODAY THAT THAT HAPPENED IN UKRAINE RIGHT?
[00:35:35] AUTOMATIC LOCK ON CAPABILITIES.
[00:35:37] ALSO DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS. RIGHT.
[00:35:39] OR THERE'S AI ENABLED SYSTEMS THAT FEED UP INTO OPERATIONAL
[00:35:43] LEVEL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
[00:35:45] ARE OFTEN USEFUL FOR GIVING PEOPLE FURTHER BACK FROM THE
[00:35:48] IMMEDIATE EDGE A SENSE OF WHERE,
[00:35:51] AS GENERAL CARTWRIGHT WAS SAYING
[00:35:54] EARLIER, YOU KNOW, WHERE YOU CAN
[00:35:56] START TO MAKE OPERATIONAL PLANS
[00:35:59] THAT HIT TARGETS, GET FORCES TO
[00:36:02] AREAS WHERE THEY NEED TO BE.
[00:36:05] AND SO, YOU KNOW, WHILE THERE IS
[00:36:07] GROWING FAMILIARITY WITH THE USE FULNESS OF AI IN THESE SETTINGS,
[00:36:11] I THINK THE CHALLENGE AGAIN GOES
[00:36:13] BACK TO GIVING OPERATORS A SENSE
[00:36:17] OF WHEN TO UNDERSTAND. I NEED TO USE THIS BECAUSE I'M
[00:36:19] IN A SCENARIO WHERE IT'S MAKE OR
[00:36:22] BREAK OR DO I TRUST THE SYSTEM
[00:36:24] ENOUGH TO USE IT?
[00:36:26] AND SO AGAIN, THROUGHOUT THIS
[00:36:28] KIND OF ITERATIVE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, I THINK, YOU KNOW, THE
[00:36:32] DEPARTMENT CAN REALLY MAKE STRIDES AND THINKING THROUGH HOW
[00:36:35] TO INCORPORATE PEOPLE WITH
[00:36:37] OPERATIONAL TESTING EXPERTISE
[00:36:39] CLOSER TO THE EDGE TO START TO GIVE FEEDBACK ON HERE'S WHERE
[00:36:43] THIS SYSTEM PERFORMED WELL OUT IN THE FIELD RATHER THAN TRYING
[00:36:45] TO GET DATA FROM HEADQUARTERS OR SEND THINGS BACK.
[00:36:49] LET'S TRY TO FIX THIS ISSUE OUT WHILE WORK NEAR TO THE EDGE.
[00:36:55] SO THERE'S A LOT OF OPPORTUNITY, I THINK, TO IMPROVE SOME OF THESE CAPABILITIES.
[00:36:59] PART OF IT IS ALSO THE LACK OF
[00:37:00] OF DATA THAT AGE CAPABILITIES
[00:37:05] NECESSARILY HAVE BECAUSE, YOU
[00:37:07] KNOW, THESE SYSTEMS ARE PUT INTO
[00:37:11] SCENARIOS WHERE THERE'S ACTUALLY NOT A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF DATA FOR THEM TO TRAIN ON.
[00:37:14] AND SO.
[00:37:18] THIS IS SYSTEM, I THINK.
[00:37:22] SO PART OF IT, TOO, IS THESE
[00:37:24] SYSTEMS WILL CONTINUE TO PROVE IMPROVE AS THEY GET BETTER
[00:37:27] OPERATIONAL DATA AT THE EDGE. BUT HOW CAN WE MAKE SURE THAT
[00:37:30] THEY'RE EFFECTIVE, LIKE IN THE SHORT TERM, ESPECIALLY AS THEY
[00:37:33] GET APPLIED IN NEW CONTEXTS?
[00:37:37] SO YEAH, SO IN THE NEW CONTEXT, THERE'S ANOTHER VIGNETTE. IF I COULD JUMP IN.
[00:37:41] SO THE, THE VIGNETTE, WHEN YOU
[00:37:44] ASKED ME BEFORE ABOUT IN AIR FORCE FUTURES, HOW DO WE LOOK AT THIS, ONE OF THE PROBLEMS THAT
[00:37:48] WE WRESTLED WITH EARLY ON WAS HOW DO WE IMPROVE WARGAMING AND
[00:37:52] WHEN I GOT INTO THE JOB INITIALLY, I LOOKED AT IT AND I
[00:37:55] THOUGHT IT WAS SOMETHING LIKE A DUNGEONS AND DRAGONS GAME WHERE SOMEBODY THREW A DICE OUT AND WE
[00:37:59] FIGURED OUT WHAT MOVES COUNTERMOVES, TABLETOP
[00:38:01] EXERCISES, THINGS LIKE THAT. AND YOU QUICKLY REALIZE IT'S A
[00:38:05] COMPLEX SERIES OF MODELING AND ANALYSIS S AND ALL THE DIFFERENT
[00:38:08] SYSTEMS WE WANT TO PUT TOGETHER. BUT WHAT WE DIDN'T HAVE WAS AN ADJUDICATION MODEL.
[00:38:12] AND THIS IS WHERE I REALLY BECAME HELPFUL FOR US AS WE LOOK
[00:38:15] TO A DIFFERENT COMPANY TO BE ABLE TO START PULLING ALL THIS TOGETHER, WE REALIZED THAT A LOT
[00:38:19] OF OUR NUCLEAR SYSTEMS THAT WE HAD, THEY WERE WRITTEN ON PUNCH
[00:38:22] CARDS WITH FORTRAN ALL THE WAY
[00:38:24] UP TO THINGS WHERE WE HAVE PIPES ON AN R AND C++.
[00:38:28] YOU HAVE A DIVERSE CODING ECOSYSTEM OUT THERE THAT WE HAD
[00:38:31] TO PULL TOGETHER. SO STEP ONE WAS PULLING ALL THIS
[00:38:35] TOGETHER THAT WASN'T AT A HIGH PRICE POINT FOR THE DEPARTMENT
[00:38:38] TO BE ABLE TO TO GO FORTH AND BE ABLE TO COMMON FLEET, ALL OF THE
[00:38:42] DIFFERENT MODELS WE HAD. AND WHEN WE DID THE COMPANY THAT
[00:38:44] WE WORKED WITH, THEY BROUGHT ME
[00:38:46] UP AND THEY SHOWED ME SOMETHING. I'LL JUST CUT TO THE PUNCHLINE
[00:38:50] AS I'M SITTING THERE AND THERE'S THIS YOUNG CROWD AROUND ME AND THEY'RE ALL THE CODE WORD
[00:38:54] CODERS, DEVELOPERS AND AND GRAPHIC DESIGNERS. AND THEY SAID, HEY, DO YOU PLAY
[00:38:59] VIDEO GAMES? AND I'M LIKE, LOOK AT ME. I'M 55 YEARS OLD. NO, I DON'T PLAY VIDEO GAMES,
[00:39:02] BUT MY SON DOES SAID, INTERESTING. WHAT GAME DOES HE PLAY?
[00:39:05] AND I SAID, WELL, YEAH, COUPLE OF ONE. AND I THROUGHOUT CALL OF DUTY
[00:39:09] AND HE SAID, HI, I'M THE CO-DEVELOPER OF CALL OF DUTY. AND HE SHOWED ME WHEN HE PULLED
[00:39:13] THE SCREEN UP, ALL THE DIFFERENT THINGS, ALL THE PEOPLE IN THE
[00:39:16] WORLD AT THE TIME IT WAS LIKE A HEAT MAP OF EVERYBODY PLAYING
[00:39:18] CALL OF DUTY AND IT WAS RED, YELLOW AND GREEN.
[00:39:22] SO RED IS WHEN PEOPLE ARE CLICKING AND THEN STOP BECAUSE THEY DON'T WANT TO PLAY ANYMORE
[00:39:26] OR SOMETHING HAPPENED AND THEY'RE USING TOOLS BEHIND THE SCENES TO FIGURE OUT WHY.
[00:39:29] SO HE ZEROED IN ON ONE AND EVERY
[00:39:33] TIME THEY TURN THE CORNER, THIS ONE GUY, THEY COULDN'T SEE IT. IT WAS PIXELATED UP IN THE CORNER.
[00:39:37] SO THEY WOULD REAL QUICK ADJUST IT. BUT THEN THERE WAS A SECOND
[00:39:40] EERIE EFFECT ON THE NEXT LEVEL. THAT SAME SCREEN WAS ON
[00:39:43] PIXELATED, BUT ANOTHER AREA WAS PIXELATED.
[00:39:46] SO THERE'S ALWAYS A DIFFERENT EFFECT THAT THIS THING HAD. SECOND AND THIRD ORDER DOWN THE
[00:39:51] ROAD. BUT WHAT WAS EVEN MORE INTERESTING TO ME WAS HE DREW A
[00:39:53] BOX AROUND CHINA AND THEN HE
[00:39:56] DREW IT AROUND THE CMC ACADEMY
[00:40:00] OF WHERE THEY'RE ALL STUDYING. AND HE SHOWED EVERY MOVE AND
[00:40:04] EVERY, EVERY MOVE AND EVERY PURCHASE THAT THEY WERE MAKING
[00:40:08] ON A WHOLE SEPARATE SCREEN THAT
[00:40:11] DATA BEING FED INTO A MODEL MADE
[00:40:13] ME REALIZE RIGHT THEN MY JOB IS PROTECT OUR DATA AND CORRUPT THE
[00:40:17] ADVERSARY. AND THEIR JOB IS TO CORRUPT MY DATA AND PROTECT THEIRS.
[00:40:21] THIS WAR IS BECOMING A WAR OF DATA AND HOW DO WE HOW DO WE PROTECT IT?
[00:40:24] AND IF YOU DON'T THINK THAT CHINA'S DOING THAT TO US RIGHT NOW OR RUSSIA'S DOING THAT TO US
[00:40:28] RIGHT NOW, EVERY ONE OF THOSE SCREENS THAT WE SCROLL THROUGH
[00:40:32] WHEN WE COLLECT ACCEPT THE TERMS OF AND GO ON JUST SO WE CAN PLAY
[00:40:34] THE GAME THEY'RE USING OUR DATA TO BE ABLE TO HELP INFORM SOME
[00:40:38] OF THESE MODELS AND AND WE KNOW
[00:40:40] THAT ALL OF THIS WE PUT IT UNDER
[00:40:43] THE BROAD CONCEPT OF THE FUTURE WAR.
[00:40:45] BUT WE KNOW THIS HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR FORCE
[00:40:49] STRUCTURE, FORCE DESIGN, FORCE
[00:40:52] DEVELOPMENT, UNIFIED COMMAND PLAN, THE GLOBAL FORCE
[00:40:55] MANAGEMENT PROCESS, ALL OF THESE
[00:40:57] TERMS WE USE AND THE DEPARTING MEANT WE HAVE TO THINK ABOUT A
[00:41:01] NEW AND DIFFERENT WAYS AND THIS
[00:41:04] BROADLY FALLS UNDER THE BUCKET OF THE ACRONYM M.P.S.
[00:41:07] BUT IT'S A CHALLENGE BECAUSE THE
[00:41:10] TECHNOLOGY IS MOVING SO MUCH
[00:41:12] FASTER THAN THE BUILDING'S
[00:41:14] ABILITY TO KEEP, TO KEEP PACE.
[00:41:16] AND WE'RE WORKING FEVERISHLY AT IT. AND I THINK WE NEED TO APPLAUD
[00:41:20] THE EFFORTS THAT ARE TAKING PLACE TODAY. THE REPORT FOCUSES ON TRAINING.
[00:41:23] WE KNOW EACH OF THE SERVICES ARE DOING THIS A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENTLY.
[00:41:27] THERE'S SOME ANALOGIES TO HOW WE DID CYBER TRAINING, SOME
[00:41:31] ANALOGIES TO NUCLEAR AS WELL. WE KNOW WE'RE TRYING TO UPDATE
[00:41:34] CONCEPTS IN OUR IN OUR DOCTRINE
[00:41:36] AND JOINT PUBLICATIONS AND HOW
[00:41:38] WE'RE TRYING TO ORGANIZE OURSELVES.
[00:41:41] WHAT I'M CURIOUS IN GENERAL, HARRIS, I'LL START WITH YOU ON THIS.
[00:41:45] AS WE THINK ABOUT THIS PROBLEM
[00:41:46] SET, WHICH IS MASSIVE ACROSS
[00:41:49] EMAIL PVP AND AS WE THINK
[00:41:53] SPECIFICALLY OF AOL AND DDL ENVIRONMENTS, WHERE SHOULD WE
[00:41:57] PRIORITIZE OUR NEAR-TERM EFFORTS, THE TRAINING, IS IT
[00:42:00] UPDATING THE CONCEPTS? IS IT FORCE STRUCTURE?
[00:42:02] WHERE SHOULD WE REALLY FOCUS IT?
[00:42:06] IT'S HARD TO SINGLE OUT JUST ONE AREA TO PRIORITIZE BECAUSE I
[00:42:10] THINK THERE'S A CERTAIN NUMBER OF SYSTEMS THAT RUN IN PARALLEL THAT ALL FEED OFF OF EACH OTHER.
[00:42:13] BUT LET ME OFFER YOU THIS FIRST. I THINK THAT THERE IS A THE
[00:42:18] THERE'S A PHYSICAL PIECE OF THIS THAT NEEDS TO BE UNDERSTOOD AND
[00:42:22] THAT IS WHERE ARE WE HOUSING ALL OF THE ALL OF THE THE PHYSICAL
[00:42:27] INFRASTRUCTURE. WHERE IS THE ELECTRICITY COMING FROM? WHERE IS THE COMPUTE COMING FROM?
[00:42:30] MAKING SURE THAT WE HAVE ASSURED ACCESS TO SOME OF THE AI
[00:42:36] ALGORITHMS? THAT'S STEP ONE FOR ME. AND I THINK WHEN I LOOK AT DOT
[00:42:39] MIL PHP, IT'S A VERY UNCONVENTIONAL WAY OF LOOKING AT
[00:42:44] A WAY THAT WE WOULD PURCHASE OR ACQUIRE AN AIRCRAFT OR A HELICOPTER OR A TANK OR
[00:42:47] SOMETHING LIKE THAT. THIS IS THIS IS DIFFERENT. AND IT'S NOT EVEN REALLY
[00:42:51] SOFTWARE BECAUSE SOFTWARE IS JUST ONE PIECE OF IT ON THE MODEL PIECE, IT'S YOU STILL NEED
[00:42:55] ACCESS TO THE CHIPS, TO THE POWER, TO THE COOLING, TO THE FACILITIES.
[00:42:59] ALL OF THOSE THINGS. AND IT'S NOT SOMETHING I MEAN,
[00:43:03] WHEN SOMEBODY GIVES YOU A PICTURE OF AI AND PUTS A POWER
[00:43:05] PLANT ON THERE, THAT'S NOT A SEXY, ATTRACTIVE PICTURE FOR A GUY.
[00:43:09] THAT'S NOT WHAT WE THINK OF. BUT MAN, WHEN YOU DON'T HAVE
[00:43:12] THAT, YOUR WHOLE SYSTEM FALLS APART.
[00:43:14] THE NEXT PART OF THIS IS WHAT WE TALKED ABOUT IN THE VERY
[00:43:18] BEGINNING, AND I THINK THERE IS A TRAINING ASPECT WHEN ALL OF THOSE THINGS COME TOGETHER, YOU
[00:43:22] NOW HAVE TO GET THE OPERATORS COMFORTABLE WITH WHAT THEY'RE DOING.
[00:43:25] AND I STILL BELIEVE YOU NEED SOME AREA THAT'S A SAFE SPACE
[00:43:29] WHERE YOU CAN GO AND TEST OUT THE NEW APPLICATIONS, THE NEW LMS.
[00:43:31] WHAT ARE THESE ALGORITHMS DOING AND HOW ARE THEY HELPING OR
[00:43:35] HURTING ME? SO ONCE YOU CAN START BUILDING THAT CONFIDENCE AND THAT
[00:43:38] OPERATOR CAN GO, IS IT PRODUCING THE RESULT THAT I THOUGHT IT
[00:43:41] WOULD PRODUCE IF IT DIDN'T, WHY DO I TRUST IT?
[00:43:44] AND IF I DON'T TRUST IT, WHAT DO I DO ABOUT IT? THOSE ARE THE DIFFERENT THINGS
[00:43:47] THAT I THINK WE NEED TO START GETTING INTO THE HABIT PATTERN OF THINKING DIFFERENTLY ABOUT
[00:43:51] WARFARE WITH AI AND AUTONOMY.
[00:43:55] THANK YOU, GENERAL CARTWRIGHT. ARE THERE LESSONS FROM HISTORY
[00:43:59] WE CAN LOOK TO WHEN THE ARMED
[00:44:02] FORCES HAD TO ADOPT?
[00:44:04] NEW TECHNOLOGY IS DIFFERENT, BUT THERE MIGHT BE SOME SIMILARITIES.
[00:44:07] WHEN YOU THINK OF HOW THE SERVICES HAD TO REFORM AND ADAPT VERY QUICKLY.
[00:44:12] I KNOW WE'VE TALKED ABOUT THE RICKOVER MODEL, BUT ARE THERE EXAMPLES YOU THINK WE CAN LOOK
[00:44:16] AT AS WE THINK ABOUT HOW TO DO THIS RIGHT WHEN ADDRESSING THESE
[00:44:19] DON'T KNOW REFORMS?
[00:44:21] I THINK TO REALLY UNDERSTAND THE
[00:44:23] DEPTHS, TO WHICH THIS CHANGE IS
[00:44:25] GOING TO REACH INTO THE CLASSIC
[00:44:29] MALE PATH, THIS IN A BUSINESS,
[00:44:33] YOU KNOW, AS A DEPARTMENT OF WAR
[00:44:38] BUYING SOMETHING OFF THE SHELF,
[00:44:41] BUYING SOMETHING SHRINK WRAP IS
[00:44:45] NOT GOING TO WORK ANYMORE. BY THE TIME YOU GET IT TO THE
[00:44:49] SHELF, IT'S OBSOLETE.
[00:44:51] SO WE'RE MOVING OFF OF OF A KIND
[00:44:54] OF A TYPICAL COMMERCIAL MODEL OF
[00:44:56] I BUILD YOU BUY TO A SERVICE
[00:45:00] MODEL IN THE THE FINANCE SIDE OF
[00:45:03] THE EQUATION IS NOT SET UP FOR THAT.
[00:45:05] THE CONTRACTING SIDE OF THE EQUATION IS NOT SET UP FOR THAT.
[00:45:09] SO THERE ARE A LOT OF HURDLES THAT WE HAVE TO GO THROUGH. IT'S NOT THAT WE CAN'T DO IT,
[00:45:13] IT'S NOT EVEN THAT THE AUTHORITIES AREN'T THERE. IT'S JUST NOT THE WAY WE'VE DONE
[00:45:17] IT. OKAY. BUT A SERVICE MODEL IS PROBABLY
[00:45:21] GOING TO BE MORE CLOSELY ALIGNED TO WHAT WE HAVE TO DO.
[00:45:24] YOU KNOW, AS AS AS A FIELDING
[00:45:29] MOVE AND AS A OPERATING MOVE IN THIS.
[00:45:32] AND WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO HAVE THE ABILITY TO MAKE
[00:45:36] MODIFICATIONS AT THE EDGE, IN
[00:45:37] PARTICULAR AT A VERY HIGH RATE. AND THAT'S GOING TO BE A
[00:45:41] DIFFERENT SERVICE MODEL THAN WHAT WE HAVE TODAY.
[00:45:44] THE COMBATANT COMMANDS ARE REALLY NOT THERE.
[00:45:47] THEY'RE GEARING UP FOR IT, BUT THEY WERE NEVER DESIGNED FOR IT,
[00:45:49] QUITE FRANKLY. AND SO THAT'S GOING TO BE A BIG
[00:45:53] CHANGE WHEN YOU LOOK BACK IN HISTORY.
[00:45:55] I WON'T GO BACK TOO FAR, BUT
[00:45:59] PELOPONNESIAN WAR NOW.
[00:46:03] WHEN YOU LOOK AT WHAT WE DID ON THE NUCLEAR SIDE, BASICALLY THE
[00:46:07] EISENHOWER MODEL OF TAKE ALL OF
[00:46:09] THESE PIECES BEFORE WE EVER
[00:46:11] BUILD THEM AND PUT THEM IN WAYS
[00:46:13] IN WHICH THE FLOW OF KNOWLEDGE
[00:46:16] AND THE FLOW OF CAPABILITY
[00:46:17] CANNOT BE INTERRUPTED. IF YOU TAKE ANY ONE OF THOSE
[00:46:20] PIECES OUT. OKAY, KIND OF A FAILSAFE MEANT
[00:46:24] ALITY THAT WAS THAT WAS OKAY AT
[00:46:26] THE TIME.
[00:46:29] THE PROBLEM HERE IS THAT
[00:46:33] INTELLECTUAL KNOWLEDGE AS IT GROWS AND IN THE GENERAL
[00:46:35] POPULATION BASICALLY OVERRODE ALL OF THAT AND ALL THE THINGS
[00:46:38] THAT WE MADE SECRET WERE
[00:46:42] BASICALLY OUT AVAILABLE IN A TEXTBOOK.
[00:46:44] AND SO HOW DO YOU START TO THINK ABOUT THE PROBLEM DIFFERENTLY
[00:46:47] THE NEXT REAL BIG ACTIVITY, AT
[00:46:49] LEAST FOR FROM MY TIME, WAS
[00:46:52] BRILLIANT PEBBLES, YOU KNOW, THE IDEA THAT WE WERE GOING TO GO TO
[00:46:56] SPACE AND WE WERE GOING TO BASICALLY CREATE A SYSTEM THAT
[00:46:59] WOULD PROTECT THE WORLD IN SOME
[00:47:02] WAY AND AND IN THIS WE WENT
[00:47:06] TECHNOLOGY FIRST, PEOPLE SECOND
[00:47:08] IN AND IT KIND OF FELL IN ON ITSELF. OKAY.
[00:47:12] NOT THAT IT WAS BAD. NOT THAT THERE WAS ANY EVIL
[00:47:17] INTENT OR ANY OF THAT KIND OF STUFF. IT JUST COULDN'T GET TRACTION AT THE TIME.
[00:47:21] FINANCIAL REASONS, ETC. THEY ALL PLAYED, MOVED FORWARD TO CYBER
[00:47:25] AND SPACE OUT TO MORE RECENT
[00:47:30] EXAMPLES IN CYBER, WE STARTED
[00:47:34] FIRST WITH THE PEOPLE. THE IDEA BEHIND THE
[00:47:37] ORGANIZATIONAL CONSTRUCT WAS AN IDEA THAT SAID I NEED
[00:47:43] MATHEMATICIANS AND I NEED CRYPTOLOGY.
[00:47:46] AND THOSE TWO SKILLS ARE NUMBER
[00:47:48] ONE, AND I'M GOING TO GO FIND THEM. WHERE ARE THE SCHOOLHOUSES? WELL, THE SCHOOLHOUSES EXISTED
[00:47:53] AND IN THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY AND IN OTHER PLACES LIKE THAT.
[00:47:56] BUT THEY WERE GRADUATING MAYBE 20 OR 30 PEOPLE A YEAR.
[00:48:00] AND THEN IN THE FIRST YEAR, WE WENT FROM 20 TO 3000.
[00:48:02] AND AFTER THAT IT WAS DOUBLED UP
[00:48:06] AGAIN TO GET THE UNDERPINNING
[00:48:08] IN, TO GET THE TRAINING DONE, TO START TO HAVE THE QUESTIONS BE
[00:48:12] ASKED AND HAVE PEOPLE COMFORTABLE IN THAT ENVIRONMENT.
[00:48:15] AND IN THAT CONTEXT.
[00:48:17] AND AND IT'S NOT PERFECT, BUT IT
[00:48:20] WORKED THAT WAY. WE STILL ENDED UP, YOU KNOW,
[00:48:23] WITH SILO IS THAT REALLY HAVE
[00:48:25] HELD THINGS BACK, PARTICULARLY ON THE OFFENSIVE SIDE AND
[00:48:29] WHATNOT NOT NOT NOT FOR A BAD REASON.
[00:48:32] IT'S JUST THE WAY IT IS IN SPACE.
[00:48:34] IT WAS OKAY, I'M OUT THERE TO
[00:48:38] DISCOVER SCIENCE, OKAY? AND ANYTHING ELSE I'M DOING OUT
[00:48:41] THERE, YOU DON'T NEED TO KNOW ABOUT.
[00:48:44] AND THEN IT WAS, WELL, YOU KNOW,
[00:48:46] WE'RE NOT REALLY MOVING FORWARD
[00:48:49] AT A PACE THAT MAKES SENSE. AND SO WE FOCUSED IN ON A
[00:48:53] PARTICULAR AREA WHICH WAS ACCESS
[00:48:55] TO SPACE AND THE ABILITY TO GET THERE AND TO GO FIND THE
[00:48:59] TECHNOLOGY TO DO IT. AND WE HAD TO RELY ON THE
[00:49:01] COMMERCIAL SECTOR TO TO TO GET
[00:49:03] PAST THE RISK OF THE WAY WE HAD DONE IT IN SCIENCE.
[00:49:07] AND IN DISCOVERY. AND YOU CAN SEE THAT HAPPENING
[00:49:11] AND NOW AS WE LOOK AT DIFFERENT KINDS OF CONSTELLATIONS, SWARMS
[00:49:15] OF CONSTELLATIONS, DIFFERENT KINDS OF ENERGY ACTIVITIES,
[00:49:18] ETC., IT'S DIFFERENT. AND I THINK KIND OF GOING BACK
[00:49:22] TO THE EARLIER POINT WHERE I'M
[00:49:26] MOST UNCOMFORTABLE RIGHT NOW AND WHAT I THINK IS THE LONG POLE
[00:49:29] HERE IS WE DON'T HAVE THE ENERGY.
[00:49:31] WE DON'T HAVE THE ENERGY. FOR A WHILE IT WAS CHIPS.
[00:49:34] NOW IT'S ENERGY.
[00:49:35] AND I, I SEE THE SERVICES
[00:49:40] BUILDING PROGRAMS WITH MY CO REACTORS AND WHATNOT.
[00:49:43] AND I'M THINKING, OKAY, THAT
[00:49:44] WON'T EVEN RUN ONE DATA CENTER.
[00:49:47] HOW ARE WE GOING TO MAKE THAT TRANSITION?
[00:49:51] AND WHEN WILL WE PROBABLY MOVE FROM THIS IS INFRASTRUCTURE TO
[00:49:53] THIS IS A WAR FIGHTING CAPABILITY.
[00:49:57] AND TO BE VIEWED AS A WAR
[00:49:59] FIGHTING CAPABILITY TO BE FIELDED AS A WAR FIGHTING
[00:50:03] CAPABILITY, TO HAVE THE
[00:50:08] RESILIENCE AND THE ASSUREDNESS THAT THE GENERAL WAS TALKING
[00:50:11] ABOUT, SUCH THAT WE KNOW THAT JUST BECAUSE THERE'S A BROWNOUT
[00:50:14] IN THE TOWN DOESN'T MEAN MY BASE HAS TO BROWN OUT TO HAVE GOT TO
[00:50:18] HAVE ENOUGH PROTECTION THERE TO
[00:50:20] BE ABLE TO RUN IT BOTH IN THE IN
[00:50:24] IN THE FACILITY, BUT ALSO
[00:50:26] FORWARD AND DEPLOYED IN MOBILE.
[00:50:29] AND THAT ENERGY EQUATION RIGHT NOW IS THE LONG POLE.
[00:50:33] IT'S JUST TAKING SO LONG TO GET THERE.
[00:50:35] WE GAVE UP ALL OF OUR BASE POWER
[00:50:37] AND WENT TO THE GRID AND NOW
[00:50:40] WE'RE TRYING TO BUILD IT BACK.
[00:50:42] AND IT'S IT'S IT'S A HARD FIGHT RIGHT NOW.
[00:50:45] A DIFFICULT ONE. AND THE POWER THAT WE NEED IS DRAMATICALLY GREATER THAN
[00:50:50] ANYTHING WE'VE EVER HAD BEFORE. RIGHT.
[00:50:52] YOU JUMP TO MY LAST QUESTION, SIR. SO I'M GOING TO YOU'RE GOING TO
[00:50:55] HAVE TO FIGURE SOMETHING ELSE BESIDE POWER WHEN WE GET TO THE END.
[00:50:58] OH, AND LET ME LET ME SKIP AHEAD HERE TO THE LOOKING AT THE TIME
[00:51:04] TO TO OUR RECOMMENDATIONS RIGHT.
[00:51:08] WHAT CAN YOU GIVE A SENSE OF WHERE SOME OF THE KEY RECOMMENDATIONS ARE?
[00:51:12] WHY WE LANDED ON THEM AND HOW THAT'S GOING TO HELP US GET FROM
[00:51:15] HERE TO WHERE WE NEED TO BE? YEAH, SO THERE ARE FOUR KIND OF
[00:51:18] BROAD BUCKETS OF RECOMMENDATIONS.
[00:51:21] THE FIRST ARE RELATED TO AN
[00:51:24] ISSUE THAT YOU RAISED EARLIER, JOE, AND GENERAL CARTWRIGHT IS
[00:51:27] MENTIONED, BUT THIS NOTION OF MAPPING AUTHORITIES, RIGHT,
[00:51:30] MAPPING AUTHORITIES OVER DATA
[00:51:32] GOVERNANCE, WHO CONTROLS MODEL
[00:51:35] UPDATES, WHO CONTROLS DEPLOYMENT
[00:51:37] CHOICES RELATED TO MODELS, HOW ARE WE REPATRIATING DATA?
[00:51:41] YOU KNOW, WE NEED TO EFFECTIVELY
[00:51:43] DECIDE AND MAP WHO OWNS THESE
[00:51:47] AUTHORITIES ACROSS EACH OF THESE
[00:51:49] AREAS, PARTICULARLY AS WE GET,
[00:51:51] YOU KNOW, AS WE NEAR THE POSSIBILITY OF SOME KIND OF WAR
[00:51:55] FIGHTING SCENARIO, THE IMPERATIVE OF DOING THESE THINGS
[00:51:58] QUICKLY THROUGH WELL-ESTABLISHED CHANNELS AND HAVING THE
[00:52:01] OPPORTUNITY TO KIND OF TEST DECISION MAKING PROCESSES IN TIME IN THE RUN UP IS REALLY
[00:52:06] CRITICAL HERE. AND SO WE CAN'T AFFORD TO LET THIS GET TO THE POINT WHERE WE
[00:52:10] ARE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT THE AUTHORITIES. AND WE'RE ACTUALLY IN A
[00:52:13] CONFLICT, PARTICULARLY WITH A
[00:52:16] NEAR-PEER ADVERSARY WHO IS EXPLICITLY TARGETING OUR AI
[00:52:20] CAPABILITIES ACROSS THE VARIOUS ATTACK SURFACES THAT THEY PRESENT.
[00:52:24] THE OTHER BUCKETS OF RECOMMENDATIONS THAT WE OFFER IN
[00:52:27] THE PAPER ARE BROADLY RELATED TO THIS QUESTION OF ADOPTION RIGHT?
[00:52:30] AND EFFECTIVELY CALCULATING USER
[00:52:34] TRUST IN THE SYSTEMS SO THAT THEY CAN BE DEPLOYED IN A WAY THAT'S EFFECTIVE.
[00:52:40] SO. THE FIRST IS EXPAND AND EXPANDING THIS IDEA OF ITERATIVE DEVELOPMENT.
[00:52:43] I MENTIONED SWARM, FORGE, THUNDER FORGE EARLIER, BUT GETTING MORE OPERATORS INVOLVED
[00:52:48] WITH HELPING TO DEVELOP THESE SYSTEMS, PROVIDING FEEDBACK
[00:52:51] EARLY CONTINUOUSLY THROUGHOUT THE LIFECYCLE. THIS IS REALLY CRITICAL SO THAT
[00:52:55] WHEN WE GET TO THIS POINT WHERE
[00:52:59] OPERATORS ARE IN THE FIELD AND THEY HAVE TO TAKE A TECHNOLOGY
[00:53:01] INTO THE BATTLESPACE, THEY ARE NOT STUCK WITH SOMETHING THAT
[00:53:05] DOESN'T MEET THEIR NEEDS OR DOESN'T EFFECTIVELY INDICATE
[00:53:09] WHEN IT'S OUT-OF-AREA RIGHT, OR WHEN IT'S NOT FUNCTIONING
[00:53:11] ACCORDING TO ITS PROPER SYSTEM.
[00:53:17] I THINK THE OTHER PIECE IS STARTING TO THINK ABOUT HOW WE
[00:53:19] CAN USE CONTRACTING MECHANISMS TO GET CONTRACTORS INTO THE
[00:53:25] FIELD, HELPING WARFIGHTERS CONTINUE TO ITERATE OUT THERE,
[00:53:28] BUT ALSO THINKING THROUGH LIKE INCORPORATING OPERATIONAL
[00:53:32] TESTING ELEMENTS OUT THERE. I KNOW I MENTIONED THAT A COUPLE
[00:53:34] OF TIMES, BUT CONTINUING TO TEST A.I. SYSTEMS AFTER THEY'RE
[00:53:38] DEPLOYED IS A KEY DIFFERENTIATOR OF AI SYSTEMS COMPARED TO OTHER
[00:53:42] TRADITIONAL OPERATIONAL TESTING SYSTEMS, RIGHT?
[00:53:45] A.I. MODELS CONTINUOUSLY UPDATED, WORKING OFF OF NEW
[00:53:48] DATA, OFTEN DEPLOYED INTO DIFFERENT CONTEXTS.
[00:53:51] OPERATIONAL TESTS AND VALUATION NEEDS TO CONTINUE TO HAPPEN IN
[00:53:54] THE FIELD, EVEN AS THESE SYSTEMS ARE DEPLOYED.
[00:53:57] WE HAVE GREAT POLICY FRAMEWORKS IN PLACE FOR IT, BUT WE NEED TO START TO IMPLEMENT THEM.
[00:54:01] AND THEN FINALLY, I THINK WE'VE TOUCHED ON IT A COUPLE TIMES
[00:54:04] EARLIER, BUT TRAINING, GETTING FAMILIARITY THROUGH HANDS ON
[00:54:09] EXERCISES, CHANGING TTPS REFLECT THE WAY THAT WE'RE ACTUALLY
[00:54:12] USING THE TECHNOLOGY IN THOSE EXERCISES AND TRAINING IS REALLY
[00:54:17] IMPERATIVE. AND I KNOW THAT THE SERVICES ARE
[00:54:20] WORKING TO INCORPORATE CHANGES TO PROFESSIONAL MILITARY
[00:54:23] EDUCATION THAT ALSO INCORPORATE
[00:54:26] GREATER AWARENESS OF AI RISKS
[00:54:28] FROM AUTOMATION BIAS, WHICH WE'VE TALKED A LITTLE BIT AROUND.
[00:54:32] BUT THIS IDEA THAT, YOU KNOW,
[00:54:34] HUMANS TEND TO DEFAULT TO TO DECISION MAKING CAPABILITIES
[00:54:38] PRESENTED BY MACHINES, IT'S REALLY PERNICIOUS CHALLENGE, RIGHT?
[00:54:41] I THINK WE'VE ENCOUNTERED IT. IF YOU'RE DRIVING AND YOU TRUST YOUR JEEPS AND TAKE A WRONG
[00:54:45] TURN, THAT IS AUTOMATION BIAS. AND I THINK WHEN THE STAKES ARE
[00:54:49] SO MUCH HIGHER IN THESE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENTS, MAKING
[00:54:53] PARTICULARLY COMMANDERS WHO ARE GOING TO BE AT THE EDGE, AWARE OF THE DOWNSIDE RISK OF
[00:54:57] AUTOMATION BIASES, REALLY IMPERATIVE.
[00:55:01] SO HAVE SOME MORE SPECIFIC BULLETS IN THE REPORT AND
[00:55:04] ENCOURAGE YOU ALL TO READ IT. BUT REALLY, DRIVING TOWARDS
[00:55:07] THESE THESE IDEAS OF HOW CAN WE
[00:55:09] DRIVE DEVELOPMENT IN A WAY THAT'S MOST EFFECTIVE FOR
[00:55:12] WARFIGHTERS AND GET ADOPTION IN A WAY THAT HELPS ADOPTION SCALE
[00:55:16] THROUGHOUT THE DEPARTMENT AND ACROSS THE SERVICES. THANKS, JOHN.
[00:55:19] AND FINAL QUESTION, FINAL THREE MINUTES HERE. SO A LITTLE BIT MORE OF A RAPID
[00:55:23] FIRE, BUT WHAT WHEN WE TALK
[00:55:27] ABOUT MILITARY AI, THERE'S CONCERNS, THERE'S OPTIMISM, THERE'S PESSIMISM.
[00:55:32] SO IN IN ALL OF YOUR PERSPECTIVES IN GENERAL, CARTER WOULD START WITH YOU AND THEN GO DOWN THE LINE.
[00:55:36] WHAT ARE YOU MOST OPTIMISTIC
[00:55:39] ABOUT WHEN YOU THINK OF MILITARY AI? AND WHAT ARE YOU MOST CONCERNED
[00:55:44] ABOUT? I'M THE OPTIMIST SIDE.
[00:55:47] THE STEM GENERATION IS RIGHT AT
[00:55:49] THE TOP OF MY LIST THAT THIS
[00:55:53] THING, THIS ACTIVITY THAT WE'RE DOING WILL IN THE END BE EDGE
[00:55:57] CENTRIC. IN OTHER WORDS, IT'S GOING TO BE OUT IN THE WARFIGHTERS HANDS.
[00:56:00] IT'S NOT GOING TO BE SOMETHING
[00:56:03] THAT ONLY EXISTS AT A HEADQUARTERS. OKAY?
[00:56:07] THE LEVERAGE IS GOING TO BE IN THAT BEING AT THE EDGE AND THEN
[00:56:11] WITHIN THE NEXT 2 OR 3 YEARS
[00:56:13] BEING THE COMMS AT GLOBAL SCALE,
[00:56:16] BEING ABLE TO PICK UP YOUR PHONE AND TALK TO ANYBODY ON THE FACE
[00:56:19] OF THE EARTH FROM ANY PLACE, THAT KIND OF CALM BECAUSE OF
[00:56:23] SPACE IS IS CERTAINLY NEXT. AND THEN RIGHT AFTER THAT WILL
[00:56:26] BE I CAN DO ALL OF THAT AND I
[00:56:28] CAN AND I CAN GET IT COMPUTE.
[00:56:32] I THINK THOSE THINGS WILL BE THE
[00:56:34] BIG CHANGES OUT THERE IF I'M TO WORRY.
[00:56:38] IT'S POWER. IT'S IT'S THE ENERGY SIDE OF THE EQUATION.
[00:56:42] AND TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO DO THIS, BECAUSE RIGHT NOW THERE
[00:56:45] IS NO CHAMP IN IN THE DEPARTMENT
[00:56:47] OF WAR OTHER THAN THE LEADERSHIP
[00:56:51] WHICH DOESN'T MAKE THE SERVICES NECESSARILY BEHAVE THE SAME WAY.
[00:56:55] BUT THERE'S NOBODY OUT THERE.
[00:56:57] I THINK IF I'M A SERVICE CHIEF
[00:56:59] OR A SERVICE J8, HOW DO I HOW DO
[00:57:01] I AVOID PAYING THIS BILL?
[00:57:03] SO I THINK AND SO WE HAVE TO
[00:57:07] FIND A DIFFERENT WAY TO SERVE,
[00:57:09] BRING THAT ENERGY TO BEAR IN AND
[00:57:12] HAVE IT BE ASSURED AND RESILIENT
[00:57:16] SO THAT WHEN SOMEBODY ELSE IS GREAT OUT OR SOMEBODY COMES
[00:57:20] CABLE OR ANYTHING THAT WE'VE GOT SOVEREIGN CAPABILITY.
[00:57:24] IRELAND DID ON FEDERAL LAND, SO TO SPEAK.
[00:57:28] GENERAL HARRIS SO WHAT AM I
[00:57:31] OPTIMISTIC ABOUT THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF WAR HAS THIS IN THEIR GUN SITE AND THEY'RE
[00:57:34] AGGRESSIVELY PURSUING IT. THERE'S A CULTURAL PIECE OF THIS
[00:57:37] THAT OFTENTIMES WE TALK ABOUT THE VALLEY OF DEATH.
[00:57:40] I WOULD SAY THAT THIS IS ONE OF THOSE WHERE WHEN YOU HAVE EVERYBODY LINED UP CLAPPING AND
[00:57:44] CHEERING AND AGGRESSIVELY GOING
[00:57:46] AFTER AI IS A GOOD THING.
[00:57:48] THAT'S ALSO THE OTHER SIDE THAT I WORRY ABOUT.
[00:57:51] IT'S ALL THRUST, NO VECTOR. I COME FROM A COMMUNITY OF U.S.
[00:57:55] SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND, AND THERE IS A SOFT TRUTH OUT THERE
[00:57:57] THAT SAYS HUMANS ARE MORE IMPORTANT THAN HARDWARE. SO I THINK THERE IS AN H.R.
[00:58:02] ASPECT OF THIS THAT WE NEED TO REALLY CONSIDER AND IT'S NOT
[00:58:05] JUST THROUGH OUR JUNIOR ENLISTED AND JUNIOR OFFICERS, IT'S HOW
[00:58:08] YOU EDUCATE A AI UNDERSTANDING AND LEARNING ACROSS ALL LEVELS,
[00:58:13] ACROSS ALL FORCES THAT ARE OUT THERE TO MAKE SURE THAT WE
[00:58:16] UNDERSTAND WHAT'S HAPPENING WITH IT. THE AIR FORCE HAS INVESTED INTO
[00:58:20] MIT WITH THE AI ACCELERATOR PROGRAM AND THEN STANFORD AT
[00:58:23] STANFORD STUDIOS. BUT IT'S NOT AT A SCALE WHERE WE
[00:58:26] NEED TO BE DOING THIS. AND I WOULD ALSO SAY THAT IF
[00:58:30] YOU'RE LOOKING AT PME AND I BROUGHT UP A GREAT POINT ON THIS, I'LL BE THE FIRST ONE IN
[00:58:33] LINE, BY THE WAY, FOR YOUR BOOK, BECAUSE ALL THOSE THINGS YOU HIT ON WERE PERFECT.
[00:58:36] BUT IT'S IT'S YOU DON'T JUST TEACH DATA SCIENCE AND CALL THAT
[00:58:40] AI. THERE IS A WHOLE NEW WAY OF LEARNING AND APPROACHING.
[00:58:42] I THINK YOU HAVE TO PRACTICE WITH IT.
[00:58:45] AND SO, YEAH, I THINK ON THE OPTIMISTIC SIDE, I ECHO THOSE
[00:58:50] POINTS, RIGHT. AND I GUESS DRILLING DOWN THERE
[00:58:52] ARE CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT AND ACROSS THE
[00:58:56] SERVICES THAT ARE DOING REALLY WELL AT THINKING THROUGH THESE TOUGH PROBLEMS, PARTICULARLY
[00:58:58] WHEN IT COMES TO I'M GOING TO HIT IT AGAIN.
[00:59:03] WARFIGHTER OR TRUST IN THESE SYSTEMS RIGHT? WE HAVE HAD LONG STANDING
[00:59:07] EFFORTS BY DOD THAT PREDATE BOTH
[00:59:09] THE CURRENT AND THE LAST ADMINISTRATION FOCUS ON SOME OF
[00:59:12] THESE REALLY PERNICIOUS CHALLENGES. AND I THINK THE GREATER
[00:59:15] AWARENESS OF THE ISSUES IS REALLY ENCOURAGING BECAUSE IT
[00:59:19] MEANS WE CAN TRY TO FIND SOLUTIONS. THAT SAID, I THINK, YOU KNOW,
[00:59:23] THE CHALLENGE BECOMES IF WE GET
[00:59:25] INTO A STATE WHERE WE ARE FACING
[00:59:28] DOWN A CONFLICT WITH A NEAR-PEER OR CAN WE GET THE PRIORITIES
[00:59:32] ACHIEVED IN TIME TO MAKE SURE THAT WE'RE ADOPTING THIS
[00:59:34] TECHNOLOGY RESPONSIBLY FOR THAT CONFLICT?
[00:59:38] I'M NOT PESSIMISTIC ABOUT IT, BUT I REALLY HOPE IT GETS US IN GEAR.
[00:59:42] THANK YOU. WITH THAT, I'M GOING TO TURN TO THE AUDIENCE FIRST TO SEE IF
[00:59:46] THERE'S ANY QUESTIONS AND A
[00:59:48] REMINDER THAT QUESTIONS END IN A QUESTION MARK AND THEN
[00:59:51] OTHERWISE, I WILL GO ONLINE.
[00:59:57] PLEASE. AND PLEASE ANNOUNCE YOURSELF AS YOU ASK.
[01:00:01] NAME AND WHERE YOUR YOUR AFFILIATION.
[01:00:07] HELLO. MY NAME'S PETER CRISPIN.
[01:00:08] MY QUESTION IS, I'VE SEEN WALKING AROUND SEEING THE METRO
[01:00:12] LOTS OF ADS FOR MILITARY COMPANIES.
[01:00:16] AND MY QUESTION IS, IS THERE A CONCERN WITH THAT WITH THE
[01:00:20] DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE OF, YOU KNOW, IF THESE COMPANIES AREN'T WELL-KNOWN, AT LEAST MAYBE NOT
[01:00:23] TO ME. THEY'RE WELL-KNOWN TO OTHER
[01:00:25] PEOPLE, BUT IS THAT YOU KNOW, IS
[01:00:28] THERE SORT OF VETTING THERE FOR PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS THAT THESE COMPANIES ARE GOING TO BE THE
[01:00:32] RIGHT COMPANIES TO PARTNER WITH
[01:00:34] THE GOVERNMENT FOR MILITARY USE?
[01:00:38] SO THE GENERAL QUESTION OF COMPANIES TO WORK WITH VALIDITY
[01:00:42] OF THESE FIRMS AND YEAH, I MEAN,
[01:00:46] PART OF THE PIECES THAT WE'VE
[01:00:49] BEEN TALKING ABOUT A LITTLE BIT, WHICH ARE THE ORGANIZATIONAL
[01:00:53] CONSTRUE AND PUTTING THE RIGHT
[01:00:55] GARGOYLES RAILS IN PLACE IN IN
[01:00:59] THE RICKOVER EXAMPLE AND WHATNOT. THAT WAS THE FIRST THING GET
[01:01:05] CERTIFICATIONS SO THAT PEOPLE WHO ACTUALLY WORK IN THESE
[01:01:07] PLACES AND IN THE GOVERNMENT ARE CERTIFIED TO DO SO AND THAT
[01:01:11] THOSE CERTIFICATIONS MATCH UP WITH ACTUAL SKILLS IN THE
[01:01:15] WORKFORCE AND WORK AROUND BREAKDOWN STRUCTURES AND
[01:01:19] WHATNOT. AND THEN TO START TO THINK ABOUT
[01:01:23] IT, CHANGING THOSE AS AS THERE
[01:01:26] IS PROOF THAT THE WAY THEY ARE
[01:01:29] STRUCTURED RIGHT NOW IS NOT COVERING THE WATERFRONT, SO TO
[01:01:32] SPEAK, AND THAT CAN HAPPEN A LOT WITH NEW TECHNOLOGIES.
[01:01:36] BUT I, I THINK THE DEPARTMENT IN
[01:01:38] NORMAL ACTIVITIES SAY DON'T
[01:01:40] THROW OUT THE BABY FIRST, START WITH SOMETHING YOU UNDERSTAND IN
[01:01:44] THIS DOCUMENT AND THEN FOLLOW THAT UNTIL IT JUST DOESN'T WORK.
[01:01:48] AND THEN YOU HAVE REASONABLE EVIDENCE AND DATA TO BACK UP A
[01:01:53] CHANGE. BUT GETTING THAT AT THE FRONT
[01:01:55] END IS A LOT OF WHAT IS
[01:01:57] CONSIDERED CRITICAL AND THEN
[01:02:00] THERE WERE PROGRAMS PARTICULARLY
[01:02:02] IN THE STRATEGIC AND NUCLEAR SIDE OF THE EQUATION, THAT I
[01:02:06] THINK PROBABLY ARE GOING TO END UP CARRYING OVER PERSONAL
[01:02:08] RELIABILITY PROGRAMS THEY WERE CALLED, BUT BASICALLY
[01:02:13] UNDERSTANDING THE STRESSES THAT INDIVIDUALS ARE UNDER ON A DAY
[01:02:15] TO DAY BASIS, WHETHER THEY BE
[01:02:17] MEDICAL OR OR SOCIAL OR
[01:02:22] WHATEVER. BUT HAVING A GOOD UNDERSTANDING OF YOUR WORKFORCE AT A DEPTH THAT HERE TO FOUR IS PROBABLY
[01:02:27] NOT BEEN THERE IS PROBABLY GOING
[01:02:29] TO BE BE PART OF WHAT HAPPENS IN THIS AREA AT LEAST A PART OF THE
[01:02:34] WORKFORCE AND TO PART OF THE
[01:02:36] CIVILIAN SIDE OF THE WORKFORCE.
[01:02:39] PLEASE, SIR, GO AHEAD. NAME AFFILIATION, PLEASE.
[01:02:43] THANK YOU. HI. MY NAME IS ROBERT MCDONALD.
[01:02:46] I'M FROM THE NEW POLICY. ARE THERE CONCERNS THAT WE'VE
[01:02:49] SEEN STUDIES OF AI THAT HAVE REDUCED THE CRITICAL THINKING
[01:02:52] SKILLS OF MANY PEOPLE WHO ARE USING THEM ACROSS MULTIPLE
[01:02:56] DEMOGRAPHIC MIX? THAT THE INTRODUCTION OF AI INTO
[01:02:58] THE ARMED SERVICES COULD REDUCE THE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF,
[01:03:02] SAY, OPERATORS WHO ARE USING IT. THAT COULD REALLY DECREASE THE
[01:03:05] INITIATIVE OF SOLDIERS ON THE
[01:03:07] BATTLEFIELD TO SEPARATE THEMSELVES FROM A.I.
[01:03:10] WE'VE SEEN INSTANCES, OF COURSE, OF AIR USE IN GAZA THAT HAVE RESULTED IN SIGNIFICANT CIVILIAN
[01:03:14] CASUALTY EVENTS. IS THIS SOMETHING WE ARE
[01:03:16] CONCERNED ABOUT AS WE SEEK TO INTEGRATE A.I. WITHIN THE U.S.
[01:03:20] MILITARY AND OUR SERVICES MEMBERS CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY?
[01:03:23] I CAN TELL YOU FROM THE JOB THAT I HAD LAST.
[01:03:25] YES, THAT IS ABSOLUTELY ON OUR MIND. AND AND I THINK BEING OPTIMISTIC
[01:03:29] ABOUT IT, WE ALWAYS LOOK AT, YOU KNOW, YOU HAVE TO USE YOUR
[01:03:32] POWERS FOR GOOD, NOT EVIL. AND YOU JUMP BACK IN AND YOU SAY, WHAT?
[01:03:36] WHAT TIME WILL THIS AFFORD ME? IF YOU CAN AUTOMATE OR USE A.I.
[01:03:40] IN YOUR MDM OR YOUR MILITARY DECISION MAKING PROCESS THAT
[01:03:42] ALLOWS YOU TO UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM A LITTLE BIT BETTER, I
[01:03:46] THINK WE IMMEDIATELY GRAVITATE TO THIS OPTIMAL STICK SOLUTION ABOUT WHAT IT'S GOING TO DO AND
[01:03:49] HOW MUCH TIME IT'S GOING TO GIVE US BACK, BUT YET WITH ALMOST ALL OF THE PROGRAMS, AT LEAST
[01:03:53] SERVICE PROGRAMS THAT I HAVE SEEN AND THERE'S PROBABLY PLENTY IN HERE THAT CAN EITHER ATTEST
[01:03:57] TO THIS OR DEBUNK MY IDEA.
[01:03:59] BUT THOSE THOSE COST SAVINGS OR
[01:04:02] COST AVOIDANCE IS NEVER REALLY MANIFEST ITSELF. WE ALWAYS SEEM TO KEEP THE SAME
[01:04:05] AMOUNT OF PEOPLE. WE JUST SHIFT THEM AROUND TO SOMEWHERE ELSE. THAT IS EITHER UNDERSERVED,
[01:04:09] UNDERUTILIZED OR WE HAVE A GREATER NEED FOR. SO THERE'S A SHIFTING OF BURDEN
[01:04:13] THAT COMES WITH THE ONBOARDING OF SOMETHING LIKE A.I. NOW WHERE
[01:04:18] DO WE GO WITH IT AND WHAT DO WE LOSE AND DO WE LOSE ATROPHY OR
[01:04:20] OR SKILLS WITH THIS? I'M AGAIN ON THE OPTIMISTIC
[01:04:24] POINT OF VIEW WHEN I START LOOKING AT THE HIGH END FIGHTS AND THE THINGS THAT WE NEED TO
[01:04:27] TRAIN TO. THE FIRST THING I WANT TO DO WHEN I FLY IS NOT TELEGRAPH.
[01:04:31] WHAT TYPES OF THINGS? SO I'M FLYING UP AGAINST THAT.
[01:04:34] OTHER PEOPLE ARE WATCHING. BUT IF YOU CAN DO THIS IN A SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENT WHERE
[01:04:38] YOU'RE USING A.I. TO DO THIS, YOU JUST SEE A PLANE THAT'S UP THERE FLYING, DOING A COUPLE OF
[01:04:42] MANEUVERS, BUT YOU DON'T REALLY KNOW WHAT THE SCENARIO IS. IT'S BEHIND THE SCENES THAT'S
[01:04:46] DRIVING THE PILOT TO BE ABLE TO DO THOSE OR THE TANK COMMANDER ON THE GROUND TO MAKE THE
[01:04:50] MANEUVERS THAT THEY'RE DOING. THIS IS, AGAIN, WHERE I CAN
[01:04:53] START REALLY GIVING YOU A
[01:04:55] COMPETITIVE EDGE ABOUT A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT MAY BE
[01:04:59] FACING YOU IN THE NEXT FIGHT. SO I STILL THINK THAT WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT, WE HAVE THIS
[01:05:03] OPTIMISTIC VIEW OF IT. BUT AGAIN, JUST THE FACT THAT
[01:05:06] CULTURALLY WE BROUGHT OURSELVES TO, OH MY GOSH, I THINK WE NEED
[01:05:09] THIS IS IS HEROIC IN MY PART.
[01:05:13] I WOULD LIKE TO SEE THEM CONTINUE THIS. AND THEN AS WE START TO UNDERSTAND THIS AND LEARN A
[01:05:17] LITTLE BIT MORE, IT GOES BACK TO WHAT GENERAL CARTWRIGHT SAID,
[01:05:20] AND THAT IS THERE IS RISK AND YOU NEED SOMEBODY DELIBERATELY
[01:05:23] RED TEAMING THIS AND THINKING ABOUT THE RISKS TO TAKE THAT
[01:05:26] BACK IN TO HOW DO WE THINK ABOUT THE FUTURE PLATFORMS THAT WE
[01:05:29] ONBOARD OR WHERE WE ACTUALLY USE A.I.? I BELIEVE WE HAD A QUESTION IN
[01:05:33] THE BACK AND TWEEZ.
[01:05:40] YOU, TRACY, PRETTY CURIOUS.
[01:05:42] THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE TODAY,
[01:05:45] GIVEN THE DISCUSSION AROUND THE
[01:05:47] IMPORTANCE OF SANDBOX AND TRYING
[01:05:49] OUT THE DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES,
[01:05:52] HOW DO Y'ALL FEEL ABOUT GENERAL RULE?
[01:05:55] AND I MIGHT NOT BE PRONOUNCING THIS CORRECTLY, BUT DEV'S
[01:05:57] DECISION TO RECALL THE DRONE
[01:06:01] BATTALION FROM GERMANY ONCE THEY FIGURED FINISH THEIR LAST
[01:06:06] EXERCISE.
[01:06:09] SO WITH I'LL JUST START BY
[01:06:13] SAYING THAT I THINK WITH DRONES IT'S A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT.
[01:06:16] I THINK PEOPLE ARE A LITTLE BIT LIQUORED UP ON WHAT DRONES ARE
[01:06:20] DOING FOR US RIGHT NOW. WITH MY OWN PERSONAL BELIEF IS WHAT DID THE DRONES PROVIDE?
[01:06:23] WHAT EFFECT ARE THEY PROVIDING? I THINK DRONES, ACCORDING TO THE
[01:06:26] PRINCIPLE OF WAR, IT'S MASS, IT'S AFFORDABLE MASS THAT UKRAINE IS ABLE TO ACTUALLY BE
[01:06:30] ABLE TO PRODUCE ITS ELECTRONIC WARFARE.
[01:06:33] IT'S SENSING ITS SMALL KINETIC EFFECTS. IT STILL GOES BACK TO THE SAME PRINCIPLES OF WAR.
[01:06:37] BRINGING UNITS LIKE THAT BACK HOME TO BE ABLE TO START
[01:06:40] ADOPTING AND LEARNING. HOW DO WE START DOING DRONES MORE EFFECTIVELY TO BE ABLE TO
[01:06:44] PROVIDE THOSE EFFECT? THERE IS A TRAINING VALUE TO THAT OF BRINGING THAT BACK.
[01:06:48] THERE'S ALSO A POLITICAL RISK OF THIS, OF WHAT DOES THAT SAY TO
[01:06:50] OUR PARTNERS AND ALLIES THAT ARE OVER THERE TO BE ABLE TO DO IT
[01:06:53] SO THERE COULD BE A WIN WIN? IT'S IT'S BEEN FOUR MONTHS SINCE
[01:06:57] I'VE BEEN BACK IN THE PENTAGON TO BE ABLE TO TO LOOK AT
[01:07:00] ANYTHING AND TO SEE, YOU KNOW, WHAT'S REALLY HAPPENING BEHIND THE SCENES. BUT I THINK WHAT YOU NEED TO DO
[01:07:04] IS, YOU NEED TO EDUCATE YOUR FORCE. YOU NEED TO TRAIN YOUR FORCE FIRST ON SOME OF THESE NEW
[01:07:08] DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES AND HOW WE'RE USING AND IMPLEMENTING THEM. AND THEN WHAT DO WE DO TO BE
[01:07:12] ABLE TO START, YOU KNOW, EXPANDING THE ECOSYSTEM INTO THE
[01:07:15] ALLIES AND PARTNERS WE HAVE IN
[01:07:19] THE FRONT RIGHT HERE, YOU HAVE ANY OTHER THOUGHTS THAT THAT'S
[01:07:23] GOOD. HI, MY NAME IS AVA WHALEN. I'M A STUDENT AT THE CITADEL MILITARY COLLEGE OF SOUTH
[01:07:28] CAROLINA. MY QUESTION IS, DO YOU THINK THAT THERE'S A HIGHER RISK
[01:07:33] VERSUS REWARD WHEN IT COMES TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AI IN
[01:07:35] MILITARY OPERATIONS AND IT POSSIBLY EVOLVING INTO GAINING
[01:07:39] ITS OWN LEADERSHIP ROLES IN
[01:07:42] CERTAIN DEPARTMENTS?
[01:07:45] YEAH, I'M HAPPY TO TALK ABOUT THAT.
[01:07:47] I THINK WE'VE TOUCHED SEVERAL
[01:07:50] TIMES THROUGHOUT THE DISCUSSION ON THIS IDEA OF LIKE CALIBRATED
[01:07:54] TRUST AND KIND OF RIGHT SIZING. I THINK PART OF TO THE AN
[01:07:56] EARLIER QUESTION THAT WAS ASKED, THIS KIND OF TRAINING AND
[01:08:00] PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION ASPECT IS MAKING SURE THAT WE
[01:08:02] ARE NOT HAVING KIND OF SKILLS
[01:08:06] DECLINE AS WE ADOPT DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS OF AI THROUGHOUT
[01:08:09] KIND OF THE MILITARY DECISION
[01:08:11] MAKING PROCESS, IN PARTICULAR. RIGHT.
[01:08:14] SO I THINK TO YOUR QUESTION, THE
[01:08:18] AREAS WHERE I THINK IT'S MOST IMPORTANT TO KIND OF WASH
[01:08:22] AGAINST AUTOMATION BIAS, SOME OF THESE FACTORS THAT WE'VE
[01:08:25] DISCUSSED WHERE WE'RE AFFORDING A.I. GREATER DECISION MAKING
[01:08:28] AUTHORITIES, THIS IS KIND OF BACK FROM THE TACTICAL EDGE RIGHT?
[01:08:32] SO WE SPENT A LOT OF TIME IN THE DISCUSSION TODAY TALKING ABOUT
[01:08:35] DIGITAL CAPABILITIES THAT ARE
[01:08:39] CAPABILITIES FOR DIGITAL
[01:08:41] ENVIRONMENTS THAT OFTEN ARE FUNCTIONING IN SITUATIONS WHERE
[01:08:45] THERE'S TIME PRESSURE. YOU DON'T HAVE THE ABILITY TO
[01:08:48] REALLY INTERROGATE WHAT A SYSTEM IS TELLING YOU OR HOW IT'S BEING
[01:08:52] DEPLOYED. I THINK WHERE IT'S IMPORTANT TO ENSURE THAT OPERATORS HAVE A
[01:08:57] STRONG HANDLE ON ASSISTANCE CAPABILITIES IS THAT THAT KIND
[01:08:59] OF OPERATIONAL DECISION MAKING LEVEL. SO IF WE THINK ABOUT SOME OF THE
[01:09:04] THE SYSTEMS THAT HAVE BEEN DEPLOYED, LIKE THE MAVEN SMART
[01:09:06] SYSTEM, THEY'RE HUGELY VALUABLE
[01:09:08] FROM A MILITARY PERSPECTIVE.
[01:09:10] BUT IF A OPERATOR IS JUST
[01:09:13] DEFAULTING TO ACCEPTING
[01:09:15] RECOMMENDATIONS THAT THE SYSTEMS MAKING IN TERMS OF TARGETS
[01:09:18] STRIKE PACKAGES, ETC. RIGHT.
[01:09:21] THAT'S WHERE I THINK WE START TO RUN INTO PROBLEMS AND IT BECOMES
[01:09:24] A QUESTION OF HOW MUCH TIME CAN
[01:09:27] I HELP HUMANS CANNOT AFFORD
[01:09:30] HUMANS TO MAKE THOSE DECISIONS THEMSELVES AND LIKE REASON
[01:09:32] THROUGH WHERE THERE MAY BE ISSUES WITH THE SYSTEM VERSUS
[01:09:36] ARE WE IN AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE I'M GOING TO HAVE TO POTENTIALLY
[01:09:39] ACCEPT SYSTEM RECOMMENDATIONS THAT ARE REALLY ADVANCED RATE?
[01:09:43] THESE ARE THE KIND OF QUESTIONS I THINK WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO
[01:09:45] ANSWER TO ENSURE THAT, YOU KNOW, OUR KIND OF FORCE OF TOMORROW IS
[01:09:48] REALLY READY TO TO USE THESE
[01:09:50] TECHNOLOGIES APPROPRIATELY. OKAY.
[01:09:53] I'M GOING TO GO TO ONE VIRTUAL ONE HERE, WHICH I'LL SHOW ON THE BOARD BEHIND US.
[01:09:58] OKAY.
[01:10:00] SO THIS IS FROM ABBY RUDOLPH.
[01:10:02] A COMMON QUESTION IS NOT WHETHER HER EYE PERFORMS, BUT HOW MUCH
[01:10:06] DECISION AUTHORITY WE'RE WILLING TO DELEGATE TO IT. IT'S ALIGNED WITH A LITTLE BIT
[01:10:10] OF WHAT YOU'RE JUST SAYING, THEIR OWN. WHERE SHOULD THE LINE SIT
[01:10:13] BETWEEN A.I. THAT RECOMMENDS AND A.I. THAT ACTS?
[01:10:16] AND DOES THAT LINE MOVE IN A DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT?
[01:10:21] I WOULD I WOULD.
[01:10:22] I GUESS FIRST LOOK AT KIND OF
[01:10:27] DEFINITIONAL ISSUE HERE OF STANDARD DAY.
[01:10:30] I IS REALLY SOMETHING THAT TAKES
[01:10:33] IN INFORMATION AND PROVIDES BACK INFORMATION PROCESS.
[01:10:37] IT'S AN ANSWER. WHATEVER PHYSICAL A.I. AI IS
[01:10:40] A.I. THAT TAKES IN PROCESS IS
[01:10:42] THE ENVIRONMENT AND THEN
[01:10:45] TRANSLATE IT INTO A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY THROUGH ROBOTICS.
[01:10:49] OKAY. AND SO THE QUESTION KIND OF
[01:10:52] STRADDLES THAT FENCE A LITTLE BIT IN ASKING, BUT BUT THERE ARE
[01:10:59] ACTIVITIES THAT YOU WANT THE AI
[01:11:03] TO INFORM THE ACTIONS OF THE ROBOTICS SIDE OF THE EQUATION,
[01:11:07] BUT YOU ALSO WANT THE
[01:11:09] OPPORTUNITY TO INSERT YOURSELF
[01:11:13] AS APPROPRIATE ON THE TIMELINES THAT ARE MEANINGFUL.
[01:11:17] SO IN OTHER WORDS, BACK TO THE PREVIOUS QUESTION OF DECISION
[01:11:19] TIME AND DECISION SPEED, THE
[01:11:21] OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE ACCESS TO INFORMATION, TO MAKE A CREDIBLE
[01:11:26] DECISION. AND CAN YOU FIT IN TO THAT FIRE
[01:11:28] TIME IN A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME?
[01:11:31] SO YOU WANT TO LOOK AT ALL OF THOSE AND UNDERSTAND THEN THE
[01:11:34] ACTIVITY THAT YOU'RE DOING.
[01:11:36] I THINK WE WILL SEE RELATIVELY
[01:11:40] QUICKLY BOTH STANDING RULES OF ENGAGEMENT AND LAW OF ARMED
[01:11:45] CONFLICT TO BE INTEGRATED INTO THESE RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE,
[01:11:48] YOU KNOW, THROUGH THE THROUGH THE MACHINE, SO TO SPEAK, TO
[01:11:52] GIVE YOU AND A COMMANDER A BETTER SENSE OF THE WHY.
[01:11:56] OKAY. OKAY. YOU CAN DO THIS, BUT YOU'RE
[01:12:00] YOU'RE YOU'RE VIOLATING GENERAL RULES OR YOU'RE VIOLATING ONE OR
[01:12:03] ANOTHER ACTIVITY IS IF YOU DO IT
[01:12:05] AND IF IT GOES WRONG.
[01:12:07] AND SO CAUTION, IF YOU CAN GET
[01:12:10] THAT AND YOU START TO SAY THAT
[01:12:13] ALONG WITH OTHER THINGS, GIVE ME
[01:12:15] A REASONABLE EXPECTATION OF
[01:12:17] ENTER INTERPOSING MYSELF IN THIS
[01:12:21] SOLUTION TO THE VALUE OF THE SOLUTION. AND I THINK THOSE ARE GOING TO
[01:12:24] BE THE CRITERIA HERE AND THEY'RE
[01:12:26] GOING TO CHANGE VERY RAPIDLY AS
[01:12:28] WE START TO ACTUALLY SEE WHAT
[01:12:30] ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A OF A OF AN ANSWER.
[01:12:33] ARE WE LOOKING FOR OKAY, TODAY WE'RE JUST KIND OF TREATING IT
[01:12:37] AS A SMART GOOGLE. AND THE REALITY HERE IS IT'S
[01:12:41] GOING TO GET BETTER AND BETTER AND BETTER.
[01:12:43] AND SO WHERE DO WE WANT THAT KNOWLEDGE TO BE AND WHERE DO WE
[01:12:47] WANT TO INFORM SOMEBODY OF HOW TO DO IT?
[01:12:50] A DECISION SPEED, DECISION, QUALITY TEND TO BE THE LITMUS
[01:12:53] TESTS ON THOSE TYPE ACTIVITIES. AND JUST ONE QUICK BUTTON ON THAT POINT.
[01:12:57] I THINK PART OF THE REASON WE FOCUS SO MUCH IN THIS DISCUSSION
[01:13:01] ON THIS QUESTION OF OF TRUST IS BECAUSE AT THE END OF THE DAY,
[01:13:05] FROM A POLICY PERSPECTIVE, THE AUTHORITY FOR THE DECISION TO
[01:13:09] USE THE SYSTEM LIES WITH HUMAN OPERATORS, RIGHT?
[01:13:13] SO PART OF THE THE INHERENT
[01:13:15] CHALLENGE IN DEPLOYING SYSTEMS
[01:13:17] AND DECIDING WHEN TO ACCEPT A
[01:13:21] RECOMMENDATION FROM AN AI SYSTEM IS UNDERSTANDING THAT THIS COMES
[01:13:23] BACK TO HUMAN ACCOUNTABILITY. WE AT THE END OF THE DAY, WHICH
[01:13:27] REALLY TIES INTO THE MANY OF THE POINTS WE RAISE THROUGHOUT THE
[01:13:31] BRIEF ABOUT THINKING RESPONSIBLY ABOUT ADOPTION. SO I JUST WANT TO ADD A BUTTON
[01:13:36] ON THERE. THANKS, OWEN. AND THERE'S A QUESTION BACK HERE WHO'S BEEN REALLY PATIENT?
[01:13:40] PLEASE GO AHEAD. THANK YOU. A QUESTION FROM THE VOICE OF
[01:13:44] AMERICA NEWS IN CONTEXT OF ALL
[01:13:48] THIS. UH, COULD YOU COMMENT ON THE
[01:13:52] RECENT INCIDENT IN UKRAINE, WHICH WAS REPORTED BY THE NEW YORK TIMES?
[01:13:55] I BELIEVE, ON JULY 6TH?
[01:13:59] UH, THE ANALYSIS OF NEW YORK
[01:14:01] TIMES EXPERTS SHOWED THAT ON JULY 6TH, IN THE CITY OF PARIS,
[01:14:06] IN UKRAINE, AUTONOMOUS AIR
[01:14:10] DRONE, A RUSSIAN AUTONOMOUS AIR
[01:14:12] DRONE MADE ITSELF A DECISION
[01:14:15] ABOUT THE FINAL TARGETS. AND THE EXPERTS SAY THAT IT'S A
[01:14:19] FIRST CASE, AT LEAST FIRST REPORTED CASE THAT IT HAPPENED.
[01:14:23] AND THREE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE GOT KILLED AS A RESULT OF THAT. COULD YOU COMMENT ON THIS,
[01:14:28] PLEASE? ARE WE IN? THERE ARE THE SIDES OF THE
[01:14:31] CONFLICTS, RUSSIA AND UKRAINE, IN THE NEXT STAGE OF CONFLICT.
[01:14:35] SO I DON'T KNOW ABOUT THAT
[01:14:37] SPECIFIC EVENT, BUT I WILL GIVE YOU A COMMENT.
[01:14:39] AND THAT IS I'M SURPRISED IT HASN'T HAPPENED ALREADY, THAT THIS IS THE FIRST DOCUMENTED
[01:14:43] CASE OF THIS, THAT THAT WE'VE SEEN. AND MAYBE IT IS JUST THE FIRST
[01:14:47] DOCUMENTED CASE THAT IT'S BEEN GOING ON FOR A WHILE ALREADY.
[01:14:50] BUT THE SPEED AND THE PACE IN WHICH THIS TECHNOLOGY IS
[01:14:54] CHANGING AND HOW FAST IT'S ADOPTING OVER THERE JUST GOES
[01:14:57] BACK TO THE PIECE THAT WE WERE TALKING ABOUT WITH THE TRUST AND
[01:15:00] THE TRAINING AND MAKING SURE THAT WE UNDERSTAND WHAT THE BOUNDARIES ARE FOR THINGS.
[01:15:03] I'LL GIVE YOU A QUICK EXAMPLE THAT TALKING ABOUT WHAT GENERAL
[01:15:07] CARTWRIGHT WAS, YOU KNOW, PUTTING A FINER POINT ON IT, ON
[01:15:11] OUR COLLABORATIVE COMBAT AIRCRAFT, ONE OF THE THINGS YOU COULD DO, FOR EXAMPLE, IS
[01:15:14] THERE'S THREE DIFFERENT MODES. YOU CAN GO INTO ISR MODE OR E.W.
[01:15:17] OR LOYAL WINGMAN, YOU KNOW, IF ALL THE SUDDEN ONE OF THESE
[01:15:20] SHOWS UP ON YOUR WING AND YOU CLICK ON IT AND ALL OF A SUDDEN
[01:15:24] ISR AND EWR SHOW UP AT LOYAL WINGMAN DOESN'T, IT'S A GREAT
[01:15:28] WAY FOR A COUNTRY CAVEAT TO BE BAKED INTO SOMETHING THAT
[01:15:30] MORALLY OR ETHICALLY THEY DON'T AGREE WITH.
[01:15:33] SO NOW WHAT THEY DO IS YOU CAN HAVE A SOFTWARE CONSTRAINT THAT
[01:15:37] STOPS YOU FROM DOING SOMETHING. IT COULD BE SOMETHING WITHIN
[01:15:41] MUNITIONS AS WELL, WHERE IT DOESN'T ALLOW THE SYSTEM TO BE ABLE TO AUTOMATICALLY
[01:15:45] DISCRIMINATE WHAT TARGET IT WANTS TO DO IT AND GAMES.
[01:15:46] SO THIS TECHNOLOGY IS RAPIDLY EVOLVING AND WE REALLY DO.
[01:15:50] I MEAN, THERE'S MORAL AND ETHICAL DECISIONS WITH IT.
[01:15:52] THE LAWS OF ARMED CONFLICT WILL CHANGE.
[01:15:56] BUT AGAIN, I GO BACK TO OWEN'S POINT. THIS IS ALL ABOUT THE HUMAN
[01:15:59] ACCOUNTABILITY PIECE OF IT. YEAH, I THINK ANOTHER WITH THAT,
[01:16:03] WE HAVE REACHED TIME AND I KNOW
[01:16:05] WE HAVEN'T ANSWERED ALL ADDRESS OUR QUESTIONS, BUT WE THANK YOU
[01:16:08] SO MUCH FOR SHOWING UP TODAY. PLEASE CHECK OUT THE BRIEF AS
[01:16:12] IT'S ONLINE. AND WE HERE AT THE FOUR DEFENSE PROGRAM ARE GOING TO CONTINUE TO
[01:16:15] DRIVE FORWARD A LOT OF A PROGRAMING. AND WE LOOK FORWARD TO YOUR
[01:16:18] PARTICIPATION IN THE FUTURE. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR JOINING
[01:16:23] US.
[01:16:30] LIVE THIS MORNING AT NINE EASTERN ON C SPAN THREE.
[01:16:34] THE SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
[01:16:36] HEARS FROM FBI DIRECTOR KASH PATEL DURING A HEARING ON
[01:16:40] OVERSIGHT OF THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION.
[01:16:42] WATCH IT LIVE THIS MORNING AT NINE EASTERN ON C-SPAN THREE.
[01:16:46] C-SPAN NOW OUR FREE MOBILE VIDEO
[01:16:47] APP OR ONLINE AT C-SPAN DOT ORG.
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[01:16:57] THAT PUTS YOU AT THE CENTER OF
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[01:17:01] KEEP UP WITH THE DAY'S BIGGEST EVENTS WITH LIVE STREAMS OF
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[01:17:36] NEXT, NATIONAL SECURITY EXPERTS
[01:17:39] TESTIFYING ON WHETHER THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY IS
[01:17:43] EQUIPPED TO ADDRESS CURRENT THREATS. THE THREE WITNESSES AGREED IT
[01:17:45] WAS A MISTAKE FOR PRESIDENT
[01:17:47] TRUMP TO APPROVE THE SALE OF NVIDIA'S H2O.
[01:17:51] ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CHIP TO CHINA DUE TO FOREIGN, MILITARY
[01:17:53] AND SURVEILLANCE CONCERNS.
[01:17:56] THE HOUSE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE
[01:17:58] HEARING IS JUST UNDER TWO HOURS.
[01:18:32] GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE. TO CALL THE COMMITTEE TO ORDER.
[01:18:35] WITHOUT OBJECTION, THE CHAIR MADE CLEAR THE COMMITTEE IN RECESS AT ANY TIME.
[01:18:39] BEFORE WE BEGIN TODAY'S HEARING, I WANT TO PROVIDE A FEW
[01:18:41] IMPORTANT REMINDERS FOR TODAY'S HEARINGS BEING STREAMED LIVE ON
[01:18:44] THE COMMITTEES YOUTUBE CHANNEL. THIS OPEN HEARING WILL BE
[01:18:47] CONDUCTED ENTIRELY ON AN UNCLASSIFIED BASIS. ALL PARTICIPANTS ARE REMINDED TO
[01:18:51] REFRAIN FROM DISCUSSING CLASSIFIED OR OTHER SENSITIVE INFORMATION PROTECTED FROM
[01:18:54] PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OR FOR THIS EVENT. MEMBERS WILL HAVE FIVE MINUTES
[01:18:58] WITH THE WITNESSES EACH. I WOULD ASK EACH OF MY
[01:19:00] COLLEAGUES TO KEEP YOUR QUESTIONS AND WITNESS ANSWERS WITHIN THOSE ALLOTTED FIVE
[01:19:04] MINUTES. TIME PERMITTING, WE WILL CONDUCT A SECOND ROUND AND ANY REMAINING
[01:19:07] QUESTIONS WILL BE SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD. THE HEARINGS FOCUSED ON
[01:19:12] EXAMINING WHETHER OUR LEGACY NATIONAL SECURITY ARCHITECTURE IS UP FOR THE TASK OF
[01:19:15] CONFRONTING THE THREATS POSED BY THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY.
[01:19:19] RUSSIA AND OTHER NATION STATES, OR TERRORIST GROUPS DETERMINED
[01:19:22] TO UNDERMINE AMERICAN NATIONAL SECURITY. IT'S MY PLEASURE TO WELCOME OUR
[01:19:25] WITNESSES TO TODAY'S HEARINGS. FRANK CILLUFFO, DIRECTOR OF THE
[01:19:29] INSTITUTE FOR CYBER AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AT AUBURN UNIVERSITY.
[01:19:33] DR. AH DAVID FEITH, SENIOR FELLOW, HUDSON INSTITUTE.
[01:19:36] AND SETH JONES, A PRESIDENT DEFENSE AND SECURITY DEPARTMENT,
[01:19:38] CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES. THANK YOU ALL FOR BEING HERE.
[01:19:42] FIRST, BY ARCHITECTURE, I'M REFERRING TO THE INTERLOCKING
[01:19:46] SET OF LAWS, INSTITUTIONS, AUTHORITIES AND DECISION MAKING
[01:19:50] PROCESSES THROUGH WHICH THE U.S. FIRST IDENTIFIES NATIONAL
[01:19:52] SECURITY THREATS TO ITS SOVEREIGNTY, INTERESTS AND CITIZENS.
[01:19:57] AND SECOND, ORGANIZES THE PEOPLE, RESOURCES AND STRATEGIES
[01:20:00] NEEDED TO PREVENT, DETER OR RESPOND TO THOSE THREATS.
[01:20:03] THE QUESTIONS WE'RE ASKING TODAY DIRECTLY RELATE TO THE
[01:20:06] COMMITTEE'S REVIEW OF THE 911 COMMISSION OVER THE PAST YEAR. THE BIPARTISAN REPORT OF WHICH
[01:20:10] WE RELEASED THIS WEEK THAT I ENCOURAGE ALL HERE AND LISTENING
[01:20:13] TO DOWNLOAD AND CONSIDER AS WELL
[01:20:16] AS OUR EFFORTS THROUGHOUT THE 119TH CONGRESS ON OUR COUNTERINTELLIGENCE POSTURE.
[01:20:20] BOTH COMMITTEE INITIATIVES HAVE DETAILED HOW THE THREAT ENVIRONMENT HAS DRASTICALLY
[01:20:24] CHANGED OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS AND THE SPEED OF THAT CHANGE IS ONLY INCREASING.
[01:20:29] TODAY WE ASK WHETHER OUR GOVERNMENT ARCHITECTURE IS APPROPRIATE TO RESPOND TO THIS
[01:20:32] NEW ENVIRONMENT AND HOW WE CAN AND MUST KEEP PACE.
[01:20:35] WE MUST OPENLY CONSIDER WHERE WE ARE SUCCEEDING AND WHERE WE NEED
[01:20:38] TO CHANGE OUR APPROACH. IN 2004, CONGRESS PASSED THE
[01:20:42] INTELLIGENCE REFORM AND TERRORISM PREVENTION ACT, ESTABLISHED THE OFFICE OF
[01:20:46] DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, NATIONAL
[01:20:48] COUNTERTERRORISM CENTER, AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY.
[01:20:52] IT WAS DISRUPTIVE, BUT THE VULNERABILITIES ILLUSTRATED BY
[01:20:56] 911 DEMANDED IT. TODAY'S HYBRID THREAT AND
[01:20:59] ENVIRONMENT IS NO LESS DAUNTING.
[01:21:01] CHINA AND RUSSIA RUN PERSISTENT WHOLE OF SOCIETY CAMPAIGNS
[01:21:04] INSIDE THE HOMELAND. PENETRATING NETWORKS, COMPROMISING SUPPLY CHAINS OR
[01:21:09] CULTIVATING INSIDERS AND RUNNING INFLUENCE OPERATIONS ACROSS
[01:21:12] LEGAL, ILLEGAL AND THE UNCLEAR
[01:21:14] AREAS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE GRAY ZONE. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SERVICES
[01:21:20] INCREASINGLY COLLUDE WITH CARTELS, CRIMINALS AND HACKERS
[01:21:22] TO DESTABILIZE THE WEST AND AI IS ACCELERATING THEIR REACH IN
[01:21:26] WAYS THAT REMIND ME OF THE 911 COMMISSION'S WARNING ABOUT THE
[01:21:29] DANGERS OF US HAVING A FAILURE OF IMAGINATION.
[01:21:32] IS IT POSSIBLE THE COUNTERINTELLIGENCE EQUIVALENT
[01:21:35] OF 911 WAITS UNDETECTED BECAUSE WE ARE FAILING TO ADAPT A
[01:21:39] DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM WHERE PAROCHIAL AGENCY INTERESTS NOT
[01:21:42] NATIONAL INTERESTS, DETERMINE STRATEGY? THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY MUST
[01:21:46] ANSWER SUCH QUESTIONS TO PROVIDE DECISION ADVANTAGE FOR STRATEGY, POLICY, OPERATIONS AND
[01:21:51] INVESTMENTS. AND WE, AS OVERSIGHT OF THAT INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY, MUST
[01:21:54] REGULARLY STEP BACK AND ASK THE BIG QUESTIONS RATHER THAN WAIT
[01:21:58] FOR A STRATEGIC SURPRISE TO FORCE OUR NATION TO EXAMINE
[01:22:00] INSTITUTIONALIZED ASSUMPTIONS SUCH AS WE DID PRIOR TO SEPTEMBER 11TH, 2000.
[01:22:05] ONE. MAYBE THE ARCHITECTURE IS STRUCTURED APPROPRIATELY OR THE
[01:22:08] BEST WE CAN EXPECT FROM GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS. MAYBE IT NEEDS TARGETED REFORM.
[01:22:13] MAYBE FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE. THESE ARE QUESTIONS WE HOPE TO DISCUSS TODAY TO AVOID
[01:22:16] THOUGHTLESSLY DEFENDING THE STATUS QUO.
[01:22:18] AGAIN, I THINK OUR WITNESSES AND LOOK FORWARD TO THEIR TESTIMONY. WITH THAT, I WANT TO YIELD TO
[01:22:22] THE DISTINGUISHED RANKING MEMBER. ACTUALLY, MR. KRISHNAMOORTHY,
[01:22:26] FOR HIS OPENING STATEMENT, AN
[01:22:30] UNDISTINGUISHED UNDISTINGUISHED, JUST FOR CLARIFICATION, YOUR
[01:22:33] HIGHLY DISTINGUISHED, HIGHLY. OKAY. THANK YOU. THANK YOU, MR. CHAIR.
[01:22:37] AND THANK YOU TO OUR WITNESSES FOR BEING HERE TO SHARE THEIR
[01:22:39] EXPERIENCES AND EXPERTISE WITH THIS HOMELAND
[01:22:44] COUNTERINTELLIGENCE THREATS IN THE 21ST CENTURY POSE A PERSISTENT THREAT FOR THE
[01:22:47] INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY, THE POLICY WORLD.
[01:22:49] AND THIS COMMITTEE. ON THE ONE HAND, LAW ENFORCEMENT
[01:22:53] INVESTIGATION, OPEN SOURCE COLLECTION, AND U.S. FOCUSED
[01:22:55] METHODS OF GATHERING INFORMATION
[01:22:58] SHOW PERSISTENT, SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY THAT MAY BE
[01:23:01] ATTRIBUTABLE TO OUR ADVERSARIES OR FROM GATECRASHERS AT MILITARY
[01:23:05] BASES TO SUSPICIOUS LAND PURCHASES NEAR VITAL
[01:23:09] INFRASTRUCTURE. ON THE OTHER HAND, DRAWING TOO
[01:23:12] MUCH FROM SOME OF THESE
[01:23:14] FRAGMENTS OF INFORMATION AND RISK KEEPING, THE GOVERNMENT
[01:23:18] PERSISTS INTO JUMPING AT SHADOWS OR REACHING THE ERRONEOUS
[01:23:21] CONCLUSION THAT OUR ADVERSARY TREES ARE SOMEHOW TEN FEET TALL.
[01:23:25] WHICH BRINGS US TO THE TOPIC OF TODAY'S HEARING THE LEGACY OF
[01:23:29] COUNTERINTELLIGENCE ARCHITECTURE.
[01:23:32] THERE IS NO QUESTION THAT WITH THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND THEN
[01:23:34] THE TERROR ISM FOCUS OF THE LAST
[01:23:36] QUARTER CENTURY, OUR
[01:23:38] COUNTERINTELLIGENCE ARCHITECTURE
[01:23:41] DESERVES A HARD LOOK TO MAKE SURE THE GOVERNMENT IS
[01:23:44] CONNECTING THE DOTS. IN OUR NEW ERA OF STRATEGIC
[01:23:47] COMPETITION ON A BIPARTISAN BASIS. WE HAVE WORKED WITH THE MAJORITY
[01:23:52] AS THEY FOCUSED ON THIS ISSUE, AND THIS OPEN HEARING WILL HELP
[01:23:56] ADVANCE THE GOAL OF AN AGGRESSIVE BUT MEASURED APPROACH
[01:23:59] TO IMPROVING WHAT EXISTS.
[01:24:01] I LOOK FORWARD TO THE PANEL OFFERING THOUGHTS ON HOW TO
[01:24:04] BETTER CONNECT THE DOTS, WHETHER BY HARDENING OUR CYBER DEFENSES,
[01:24:09] ENSURING INFORMATION COLLECTED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT DOESN'T STAY
[01:24:12] MIRED IN A CASE FILE OR
[01:24:15] CONDUCTING SPY CAMPAIGNS.
[01:24:18] IN ADDITION TO INVESTIGATE
[01:24:20] OPTIONS, WE LOOK FORWARD TO THAT DISCUSSION. THANK YOU, MR. CHAIR.
[01:24:24] AND I YIELD BACK. I THANK THE GENTLEMAN. AND NOW I WANT TO TURN TO OUR
[01:24:28] WITNESSES AND I ASK EACH YOU KEEP YOUR STATEMENTS UNDER FIVE MINUTES.
[01:24:31] MR. LUPO, YOU'RE NOW RECOGNIZED FOR YOUR OPENING STATEMENT.
[01:24:34] CHAIRMAN CRAWFORD, CONGRESSMAN
[01:24:36] CHRISTMAN, MURTHA AND THANK YOU ALSO FOR YOUR WORK ON THE SELECT
[01:24:40] COMMITTEE. I THINK THAT'S BEEN VERY INFORMATIVE, TOO, TO THOSE OF US
[01:24:44] ON THE OUTSIDE AND DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE.
[01:24:47] THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO APPEAR TODAY AT THE COMMITTEE'S
[01:24:51] RECENT PORT. A REPORT THAT THE CHAIRMAN MENTIONED IS SPOT ON.
[01:24:55] OUR COUNTERINTELLIGENCE POSTURE REMAINS TOO REACTIVE AND
[01:24:59] INTEGRATION SHOULD BE ORGANIZED AROUND MISSION OUTCOMES AND NOT
[01:25:02] JUST AGENCY OWNERSHIP. TODAY, I WANT TO LEAVE THE COMMITTEE WITH THREE POINTS.
[01:25:06] FIRST, COUNTERINTELLIGENCE MUST
[01:25:09] PROTECT AMERICA'S STRATEGIC
[01:25:11] ADVANTAGE, NOT MERELY ITS SECRETS.
[01:25:13] THE TRADITIONAL MISSION REMAINS
[01:25:15] ESSENTIAL PROTECT CLASSIFIED INFORMATION, IDENTIFY FOREIGN
[01:25:20] INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS AND PENETRATIONS, AND ENFORCE THE LAW.
[01:25:22] BUT THE TARGET SET HAS CHANGED.
[01:25:24] TODAY, ADVERSARIES MAY BE AS
[01:25:27] INTERESTED IN ENGINEERS,
[01:25:29] RESEARCHERS, STARTUPS, VENTURE CAPITAL AND SUPPLY CHAINS AS
[01:25:33] THEY ARE IN CLASSIFIED PROGRAM AIMS.
[01:25:36] FRONTIER ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE COMPANIES ILLUSTRATE THE
[01:25:40] PROBLEM. THEIR MODEL WAITS. TRAINING TECHNIQUES.
[01:25:43] DATA COMPUTE INFRASTRUCTURE AND SPECIALIZE. TALENT MAY BE OF ENORMOUS
[01:25:48] INTELLIGENCE VALUE, EVEN IF NONE OF IT IS CLASSIFIED.
[01:25:51] BY THE TIME A TECHNOLOGY ENTERS
[01:25:53] A CLASSIFIED PROGRAM, ITS RESEARCH PEOPLE CAPITAL AND
[01:25:57] SUPPLY CHAIN MAY HAVE BEEN TARGETED FOR YEARS.
[01:26:00] SECOND, WE FACE A FUNDAMENTAL
[01:26:02] MISMATCH IN HOW WE APPROACH THE THREAT.
[01:26:06] THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY RUNS CAMPAIGNS.
[01:26:09] WE OPEN CASES. CASES MATTER.
[01:26:13] INVESTIGATE ACTIONS AND INDIVIDUAL DISRUPTIONS REMAIN ESSENTIAL.
[01:26:15] BUT COUNTERINTELLIGENCE OFTEN COMES DOWN TO A HARD CHOICE.
[01:26:20] DO WE STRING THEM UP OR DO WE STRING THEM ALONG?
[01:26:22] ACT NOW OR KEEP WATCHING LONG
[01:26:24] ENOUGH TO EXPOSE THE BROADER
[01:26:26] NETWORK AND DISRUPT THE CAMPAIGN?
[01:26:29] BEIJING LOOKS ACROSS YEARS
[01:26:31] INDUSTRIES, INSTITUTIONS AND
[01:26:33] TECHNOLOGIES PURSUING THE SAME OBJECTIVE THROUGH CYBER
[01:26:37] OPERATIONS, INVESTMENT RESEARCH, TALENT, RECRUITMENT, SUPPLY
[01:26:39] CHAINS AND INTERMEDIARIES. IF ONE PATH FAILS, IT MOVES TO
[01:26:45] ANOTHER. THEY DON'T ORGANIZE AROUND OUR ORG CHARTS.
[01:26:49] PIECES OF THE PICTURE MAY SIT
[01:26:50] WITH THE FBI, NCC, CIA, NSA, A
[01:26:55] COMMERCE, TREASURY. ENERGY, DEFENSE, DHS.
[01:26:57] AND THE LIST GOES ON. OR THE PRIVATE SECTOR.
[01:27:01] EACH MAY SEE SOMETHING IMPORTANT, BUT NONE SEE THE
[01:27:05] WHOLE PICTURE AND THE ENTIRE CAMPAIGN.
[01:27:08] WE MUST INTEGRATE THOSE PIECES INTO A COMMON CAMPAIGN PICTURE
[01:27:12] AND ACT ON IT. MY THIRD POINT IS WHAT AN EFFECTIVE MODEL MUST ACTUALLY DO.
[01:27:16] IT MUST IDENTIFY WHAT MATTERS.
[01:27:18] SEE THE CAMPAIGN, WARN THOSE AT
[01:27:21] RISK, DISRUPT THE ADVERSARY, AND
[01:27:24] MEASURE WHETHER WE CHANGED THE OUTCOME.
[01:27:26] WE NEED A DYNAMIC PICTURE OF THE
[01:27:28] TECHNOLOGIES, TALENT, DATA, INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUPPLY CHAINS
[01:27:32] MOST CONSEQUENTIAL TO NATIONAL SECURITY. WE CANNOT PROTECT EVERYTHING
[01:27:37] EQUALLY AND NOT EVERY COMMERCIAL INTERACTION IS A
[01:27:39] COUNTERINTELLIGENCE MATTER. WE MUST TRANSLATE INTELLIGENCE
[01:27:43] INTO TIMELY, ACTIONABLE WARNING FOR COMPANIES, INVESTORS,
[01:27:48] UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCHERS OUTSIDE THE CLASSIFIED WORLD.
[01:27:51] A WARNING DELIVERED AFTER THE
[01:27:53] TECHNOLOGY, TALENT OR ACCESS HAS BEEN LOST IS NOT STRATEGIC.
[01:27:57] WARNING. WARNING CANNOT BE THE END STATE. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE CANNOT BE
[01:28:01] EXCLUSIVELY PROTECTIVE OR REACTIVE. ONCE WE UNDERSTAND A FOREIGN
[01:28:05] CAMPAIGN, GOVERNMENT SHOULD USE LAWFUL INTELLIGENCE, LAW
[01:28:08] ENFORCEMENT, ECONOMIC, CYBER, DIPLOMATIC AND REGULATORY TOOLS
[01:28:11] TO DISRUPT IT, DENY ACCESS, AND IMPOSE COSTS.
[01:28:16] OUR METRICS MUST CHANGE BEYOND CASES, ARRESTS AND BRIEFINGS.
[01:28:19] WE SHOULD ASK WHETHER THE
[01:28:21] ADVERSARY ACCESS DECLINED.
[01:28:23] OPERATIONS BECAME HARDER, AND COSTLIER, AND WARNINGS IN
[01:28:27] ARRIVED IN TIME TO PROTECT WHAT MATTERS.
[01:28:31] DISTRIBUTED RESPONSIBILITY CAN BECOME DILUTED. ACCOUNTABILITY.
[01:28:36] SOMEONE MUST INTEGRATE THE EFFORT ACROSS AGENCY BOUNDARIES
[01:28:39] AND ANSWER FOR OUTCOMES. DO WE NEED MAJOR STRUCTURAL
[01:28:43] CHANGE? PERHAPS. BUT FORM SHOULD FOLLOW FUNCTION.
[01:28:45] BUILDING ON CIA IS MISSION
[01:28:48] CENTER MODEL, AN ENTERPRISE WIDE COUNTERINTELLIGENCE APPROACH
[01:28:50] COULD ORGANIZE EXISTING CAPABILITIES AROUND PRIORITY
[01:28:54] ADVERSARY CAMPAIGNS WITHOUT
[01:28:56] TRANSFERRING STATUTORY AUTHORITIES OR CREATING ANOTHER
[01:29:00] AGENCY. THIS IS NOT AN INDICTMENT OF THE FBI, NCC, OR THE INTELLIGENCE
[01:29:05] COMMUNITY. THEIR MISSIONS AND PEOPLE ARE ESSENTIAL.
[01:29:07] BUT THE ARCHITECTURE HAS NOT KEPT PACE WITH THE TARGETS SET OR THREAT.
[01:29:13] FINALLY, AMERICA'S OPENNESS IS ONE OF OUR GREATEST STRATEGIC ADVANTAGES, NOT A LIABILITY TO
[01:29:19] ENGINEER US OUT OF OUR SYSTEM. THE GOAL IS NOT TO PUT WALLS
[01:29:22] AROUND AMERICAN INNOVATION, AND
[01:29:24] IT IS TO PREVENT OUR OPENNESS FROM BECOMING AN ADVERSARIES
[01:29:28] OPERATING MODEL. THE THREAT HAS CHANGED OUR COUNTERINTELLIGENCE MODEL MUST
[01:29:33] CHANGE WITH IT. THANK YOU, MR. CHAIRMAN. THANK YOU, MR. FEITH.
[01:29:41] THANK YOU.
[01:29:48] FOR.
[01:29:52] THE 10S THAT.
[01:30:04] YOU. PRESENT.
[01:30:08] GREAT. THANK YOU, CHAIRMAN CRAWFORD, CONGRESSMAN KRISHNAMOORTHY AND
[01:30:12] COMMITTEE MEMBERS, THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO TESTIFY IN.
[01:30:14] IMAGINE THAT IN A FUTURE CRISIS
[01:30:16] OVER TAIWAN, CHINESE ATTACK
[01:30:20] DRONES SUDDENLY RISE FROM TRUCKS, WAREHOUSES OR FARMS DEEP
[01:30:23] INSIDE THE UNITED STATES. JUST ACROSS THE FENCE LINE FROM
[01:30:27] OUR NUCLEAR BOMBER BASES. AS U.S. FORCES MOBILIZE CHINESE
[01:30:31] ORIGIN EQUIPMENT INSIDE U.S. DATACENTRES RAPIDLY SHIFTS ITS
[01:30:33] ELECTRICAL DEMAND, DESTABILIZING
[01:30:36] THE POWER GRID ACROSS 20 STATES.
[01:30:38] CHINESE HACKERS BLIND PARTS OF
[01:30:40] AMERICA'S GOLDEN DOME MISSILE DEFENSES BY USING AI SYSTEMS
[01:30:44] TRAINED ON MASSIVE VOLUMES OF SMUGGLED U.S. DATA WITH A
[01:30:47] FRONTIER MODEL STOLEN FROM A COMPROMISED AMERICAN A.I. LAB.
[01:30:51] CHINA'S MILITARY EXPLOITS WEAK POINTS IN U.S. NETWORKS AND
[01:30:55] KNOCKS U.S. PACIFIC FORCES OFFLINE AT A DECISIVE HOUR.
[01:30:57] NONE OF THIS IS SCIENCE FICTION.
[01:31:01] WE ALREADY SEEN ALL THE ELEMENTS
[01:31:03] THE UNITED STATES NEEDS A NEW
[01:31:05] COUNTERINTELLIGENCE APPROACH FOR THE AI AGE.
[01:31:09] TODAY, AN EXTRAORDINARY SHARE OF STRATEGICALLY IMPORTANT
[01:31:12] TECHNOLOGY LIVES IN PRIVATE OWNED INFRASTRUCTURE.
[01:31:14] FRONTIER A.I. LABS, VENTURE BACKED QUANTUM OR FUSION
[01:31:18] COMPANIES, SEMICONDUCTOR FABS, CLOUD PLATFORMS, DATA CENTERS,
[01:31:22] DRONE MANUFACTURERS. CHINA'S INTELLIGENCE, MILITARY TARGETING AND TECHNOLOGY
[01:31:27] ACQUISITION APPARATUS HAS EVERY REASON TO FOLLOW AMERICAN INNOVATION INTO THOSE PLACES.
[01:31:31] OUR OWN NATIONAL SECURITY
[01:31:33] INSTITUTE MISSIONS MUST KEEP UP.
[01:31:35] WE HAVE HAD NO SHORTAGE OF
[01:31:37] SUPPOSED SPUTNIK MOMENTS IN THE CHINA COMPETITION.
[01:31:42] HYPERSONIC TESTS. NEW A.I. MODELS, MILITARY
[01:31:44] EXERCISES, SUPPLY CHAIN SHOCKS.
[01:31:46] BUT SPUTNIK BECAME HISTORIC.
[01:31:48] BACK IN THE 1950S, ESPECIALLY BECAUSE AMERICA RESPONDED.
[01:31:52] WE INVESTED, PRIORITIZED, BUILT NEW INSTITUTIONS.
[01:31:56] IN OUR DAY, THAT SPUTNIK RESPONSE IS STILL MOSTLY MISSING.
[01:32:00] CONSIDER 5G ECOSYSTEMS NOW
[01:32:04] REQUIRING GREATER ATTENTION. FIRST, MILITARY INSTALLATIONS
[01:32:07] AND OTHER CRITICAL SITES ACROSS THE UNITED STATES.
[01:32:11] UKRAINE'S OPERATION SPIDER WEB SHOWED THAT INEXPENSIVE DRONES
[01:32:14] PREPOSITIONED INSIDE AN ADVERSARY TERRITORY CAN PRODUCE
[01:32:18] STRATEGIC EFFECTS. IN OUR SPIDER WEB WORLD.
[01:32:20] NEARBY FARMS, WAREHOUSES AND COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES CAN MATTER
[01:32:24] AS MUCH TO A BASE'S SECURITY AS
[01:32:27] IT'S GOT GATES, GUARDS AND GUNS.
[01:32:29] RECENT DRONE INCIDENTS, ARRESTS
[01:32:31] AND SUSPICIOUS LAND PURCHASES AROUND WHITEMAN AIR FORCE BASE,
[01:32:35] BARKSDALE AIR FORCE BASE AND OTHER SITES DEMAND ATTENTION.
[01:32:37] SECOND, THE POWER GRID, ESPECIALLY AS IT INTERACTS WITH
[01:32:41] DATA CENTERS AND CRYPTO MINES. THESE FACILITIES DRAW ENORMOUS
[01:32:46] IN SOME WAYS, UNPRECEDENTED POWER. THEY ARE FILLED WITH COMPLEX
[01:32:49] HARDWARE AND FIRMWARE, MUCH OF IT CHINESE MADE AND REMOTELY
[01:32:53] CONTROLLABLE. THE REMOTE ACCESS COULD DESTABILIZE OUR GRID ACROSS A
[01:32:55] VAST AREA. SOME 2700 CHINESE RESEARCH
[01:33:00] PAPERS STUDY GRID VULNERABILITIES, INCLUDING HUNDREDS RELEVANT TO THE
[01:33:04] MILITARY AND POTENTIAL ATTACKS. WE SHOULD BUILD AMERICA'S AIR
[01:33:07] INFRASTRUCTURE AT SPEED, BUT NOT WITH AN ADVERSARY'S KILL
[01:33:10] SWITCHES BURIED INSIDE IT.
[01:33:12] THIRD, OUR FRONTIER ELITE LABS,
[01:33:15] GOVERNMENT, AND INDUSTRY SHOULD ORGANIZE AGAINST CYBER
[01:33:18] PENETRATION, INSIDER COMPROMISE AND INDUSTRIAL SCALE DISTILLATION.
[01:33:23] SOME 14 YEARS AGO, ALREADY,
[01:33:25] AMERICA'S THEN NSA DIRECTOR CALLED CHINA'S THEFT OF AMERICAN
[01:33:28] INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THE GREATEST TRANSFER OF WEALTH IN HISTORY.
[01:33:32] WE NOW RISK COMPOUNDING THAT FAILURE AT SCALE.
[01:33:36] THIS TIME, CHINA COULD TORCH THE
[01:33:38] VALUE OF AMERICA'S MASSIVE A.I. INVESTMENT WHILE ACQUIRING
[01:33:42] POTENTIALLY DECISIVE STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES.
[01:33:44] AS ONE OBSERVER PUT IT, CHINESE DISTILLATION THREATENS TO
[01:33:47] BANKRUPT THE US ECONOMY. FOURTH, ADVANCED COMPUTE,
[01:33:51] MEANING SEMICONDUCTORS AND THE ABILITY TO MANUFACTURE THEM.
[01:33:55] THIS MAY BE THE MOST IMPORTANT ECOSYSTEM OF ALL TO PROTECT.
[01:33:57] CHINA SHOULD NOT BE ABLE TO BUY
[01:34:00] RENT, SMUGGLED STEEL OR BUILD ITS WAY AROUND AMERICAN
[01:34:03] TECHNOLOGY CONTROLS. COMPUTE REMAINS CHINA'S PRINCIPAL POINT.
[01:34:08] WE SHOULD NOT HELP BEIJING ERASE AMERICA'S MOST CONSEQUENTIAL
[01:34:11] TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANTAGE.
[01:34:13] FIFTH, STARTUPS IN THE MOVIE
[01:34:17] OPPENHEIMER, THE YOUNG PHYSICIST, IS TOLD WHY THE GOVERNMENT IS WATCHING HIM.
[01:34:21] YOU'RE NOT JUST SELF-IMPORTANT. HE'S TOLD YOUR ACTUALLY
[01:34:25] IMPORTANT. STARTUPS CAN UNDERGO A SIMILAR
[01:34:28] TRANSFORMATION ALMOST OVERNIGHT.
[01:34:30] A BREAKTHROUGH CAN TURN AN
[01:34:32] OBSCURE COMPANY INTO THE HOLDER OF TECHNOLOGY ESSENTIAL TO U.S.
[01:34:36] SECURITY. BUT CAN WE RECOGNIZE WHEN AN AMERICAN COMPANY BECOMES
[01:34:40] ACTUALLY IMPORTANT BEFORE BEIJING DOES?
[01:34:42] I WOULD SUGGEST FIVE PRIORITIES.
[01:34:46] FIRST, STRENGTHEN THE GOVERNMENT'S TECHNOLOGY AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE MISSION LED
[01:34:51] BY THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY. SECOND, ESTABLISH SECURITY
[01:34:55] COMPACTS WITH FRONTIER A.I. LABORATORIES. THIRD, HARDEN, THE HOMELAND
[01:34:59] AROUND MILITARY INSTALLATIONS, THE POWER GRID AND DATA CENTERS.
[01:35:02] FOURTH, DENY BEIJING EVERY ROUTE TO ADVANCED COMPUTE WITH EXPORT
[01:35:06] CONTROLS AND EXPORT CONTROL ENFORCEMENT.
[01:35:09] AND FIFTH, REBUILD CRITICAL INDUSTRIAL CAPACITY.
[01:35:11] BECAUSE WE CAN'T COUNTER INTELLIGENCE OUR WAY OUT OF
[01:35:15] DEPENDANCE ON CHINESE DRONES INVERTERS AND OTHER CRITICAL HARDWARE.
[01:35:19] ALSO, FINALLY, RECOGNIZE THAT WE
[01:35:23] HAVE HAD AND STILL HAVE EXTRAORDINARY STRENGTHS AND ADVANTAGES.
[01:35:28] WORLD LEADING A.I. LABS, COMMANDING ADVANTAGES IN
[01:35:30] ADVANCED COMPUTE AND SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY AND
[01:35:34] UNMATCHED COMPANIES, CAPITAL
[01:35:37] MARKETS, ALLIES AND TALENT. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE IS URGENT
[01:35:41] PRECISELY BECAUSE WE HAVE SO MUCH TO PROTECT.
[01:35:44] THANK YOU. THANK YOU, DR. JONES.
[01:35:48] THANK YOU, CHAIRMAN CRAWFORD, AND DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS OF THE
[01:35:52] COMMITTEE FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO TESTIFY. I DO WANT TO THANK THE COMMITTEE
[01:35:56] FOR TWO MAJOR ISSUES. ONE IS THE BIPARTISAN WORK ON THIS IMPORTANT ISSUE.
[01:36:01] WHICH I THINK IS A REAL EXAMPLE BOTH TO CONGRESS AND THE NATION.
[01:36:05] SO THANK YOU FOR THE BIPARTISAN WORK. AND SECOND, THANKS FOR THE
[01:36:08] RELEASE OF THE REPORT THIS WEEK ON THE REVIEW OF THE 911
[01:36:11] COMMISSION REPORT, WHICH I THINK
[01:36:13] HIGHLIGHTS BOTH THE WORK THAT
[01:36:16] HAS BEEN DONE AFTER 911 AND ALSO THE WORK THAT NEEDS TO BE DONE
[01:36:19] IN THE IN THE FUTURE AND HIGHLIGHTING SOME OF THE KEY
[01:36:24] RECOMMENDATIONS SINCE. I TRUST THAT MANY OF THEM WILL COME UP TODAY.
[01:36:27] MY BOTTOM LINE IN THIS IN THIS
[01:36:29] HEARING TODAY IS THAT THE U.S.
[01:36:32] HOMELAND IS MORE VULNERABLE THAN IT HAS EVER BEEN IN RECENT TIMES
[01:36:38] FROM A COMBINATION OF BOTH STATE AND NON-STATE ADVERSARIES.
[01:36:40] I WOULD ARGUE THAT THERE IS
[01:36:42] SOMETHING OF AN END TO SANCTUARY
[01:36:45] OF THE HOMELAND.
[01:36:47] THE U.S. RESPONDED TO 911
[01:36:49] EFFECTIVELY, THOUGH, AFTER THE FACT.
[01:36:52] THERE WERE BUMPS ALONG THE ROAD.
[01:36:53] BUT IN MY VIEW, WE ARE NOT SET
[01:36:56] UP TO DEAL WITH THE EVOLVING
[01:36:58] THREAT AS IT STANDS TODAY AND AS
[01:37:00] IT IS LIKELY TO EVOLVE IN THE
[01:37:04] FORESEEABLE FUTURE.
[01:37:06] LET ME JUST START OFF WITH AN
[01:37:10] ADDITIONAL ISSUE TO WHAT THOSE OF US ON THE TESTIFYING SIDE
[01:37:13] HAVE NOTED TODAY, AND THAT IS, I DO THINK THERE'S A GROWING
[01:37:18] CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR THREAT TO THE HOMELAND, WHICH IS
[01:37:20] GROWING SIGNIFICANTLY CONCERNING
[01:37:23] THE CHINESE, RUSSIANS AND NORTH KOREANS ALL HAVE THE ABILITY TO
[01:37:27] HIT THE U.S. HOMELAND WITH BOTH
[01:37:29] CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR STRIKE. CHINA POSSESSES A VERY
[01:37:33] CONCERNING AND RAPIDLY GROWING ARSENAL OF LAND BASED
[01:37:38] INTERCONTINENTAL INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES, INCLUDING THE DIA 41,
[01:37:40] WHICH CAN HIT TARGETS ACROSS THE U.S.
[01:37:44] SEE SEA BASED SUBMARINE LAUNCH
[01:37:47] BALLISTIC MISSILES SUCH AS THE JAIL THREE, WHICH CAN ALSO BE
[01:37:51] LAUNCHED OFF THE COAST OF THE
[01:37:53] EAST COAST AND WEST COAST IN
[01:37:55] INCREASING NUMBERS OF NUCLEAR
[01:37:57] POWERED SUBMARINES AND CAN HIT AN