CSPAN — Public Affairs Events
20260920 020900 UTC
1172 transcript segments
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[00:00:00] IN THE WORLD BY FAR. OUR COUNTRY IS BOOMING.
[00:00:07] IF WE STOP TRADING WITH EVERY COUNTRY WE HAVE A DEFICIT WITH,
[00:00:09] WE WOULD MAKE AT LEAST 1.5
[00:00:13] BILLION -- $1.5 TRILLION A YEAR.
[00:00:17] WE ARE CARRYING ALMOST EVERY COUNTRY IN THE WORLD AND THAT
[00:00:19] CANNOT GO ON ANY LONGER.
[00:00:24] LOWER THE INTEREST RATES FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND FAST.
[00:00:27] >> JOINING US WITH MORE ON THE FEDERAL RESERVE RAISING INTEREST
[00:00:31] RATES A QUARTER OF A PERCENTAGE
[00:00:33] POINT IS THE FINANCE REPORTER FOR THE HILL.
[00:00:38] THANKS FOR BEING WITH US. THE FIRST INTEREST RATES INCREASE IN OVER TWO YEARS.
[00:00:42] WHAT REASONS DID THE FED GIFT FOR THIS MOVE?
[00:00:46] >> WE HEARD A BIT FROM FED
[00:00:48] RESERVE CHAIR WARSH EARLIER.
[00:00:52] THEY HAVE BEEN POINTING TO INFLATION THAT WE SAW SPIKE AFTER THE PANDEMIC.
[00:00:58] BUT IT WAS COMING DOWN.
[00:00:59] IT HAD GOTTEN STUFF AROUND 3% TO
[00:01:03] 4% IN RECENT MONTHS AMID THE WAR WITH IRAN AND IS NOT REALLY GOING DOWN BACK TO THE FED IDEAL
[00:01:07] RATE FOR INFLATION WHICH IS
[00:01:08] AROUND 2%.
[00:01:12] SO THEY POINTED TO THAT STUBBORN INFLATION LARGELY FOR THIS
[00:01:14] INTEREST RATE HIKE. >> THE STOCK MARKET FELL TODAY AFTER THE NEWS.
[00:01:18] WHY? >> IT'S A LITTLE HARD TO DRILL
[00:01:21] DOWN EXACTLY WHAT IS DRIVING THAT.
[00:01:25] IT COULD BE THAT THEY WERE
[00:01:27] SOMEWHAT DISAPPOINTED BY
[00:01:33] WARSH' SIGNALING THAT INFLATION IS A PROBLEM FOR THE FED AND
[00:01:37] SOMETHING THEY WILL HAVE TO
[00:01:38] TACKLE GOING FORWARD.
[00:01:43] THE OTHER KEY THING WE SAW WAS THAT FEDERAL RESERVE OFFICIALS ARE LARGELY PREDICTING ANOTHER RATE THIS YEAR OR PROJECTING
[00:01:47] ANOTHER RATE HIKE THIS YEAR.
[00:01:49] SO THAT MIGHT ALSO BE WEIGHING
[00:01:51] ON THE MARKET A BIT TODAY. >> I WAS GOING TO ASK YOU ABOUT
[00:01:54] THAT.
[00:01:56] CHAIR WARSH HAS SAID HE DOES NOT FAVOR FORWARD GUIDANCE, BUT WE GOT THESE CLUES.
[00:02:00] WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO?
[00:02:02] >> I THINK THAT THIS IS STILL
[00:02:07] CONSIDERED A FORMER FORWARD GUIDANCE, STANDARD ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS WE GET EVERY FEW
[00:02:11] MONTHS WITH THE FED RATE DECISION.
[00:02:14] WE WILL HAVE TO SEE WHETHER HE CONTINUES TO GO FORWARD WITH THOSE.
[00:02:18] HE HAS SEVERAL TASKFORCES THAT
[00:02:20] ARE EXAMINING HOW TO COMMUNICATE
[00:02:22] GOING FORWARD, BUT THEY ARE SO
[00:02:27] FAR STILL PRODUCING THESE PROJECTIONS.
[00:02:31] HE OF COURSE HAS ABSTAINED FROM OFFERING HIS OWN TAKE IN EACH OF THE LAST PROJECTIONS THEY PUT
[00:02:34] OUT.
[00:02:38] >> TODAY'S VOTE TO RAISE RATES WAS UNANIMOUS. THE PAST COUPLE OF FED MEETINGS
[00:02:42] HAD DISSENTS. IS THERE A CHANGE IN HOW THEY
[00:02:44] ARE OPERATING?
[00:02:49] >> IT SEEMS LARGELY SIMILAR.
[00:02:50] I THINK THE DEFENSE WE SAW THE
[00:02:56] -- THE DISSENTS WE SAW THE LAST COUPLE MEETINGS WERE THOSE FAVORING RATE HIKES AND WANTED
[00:02:59] TO HIKE UP RATES BECAUSE OF INFLATION WE HAVE SEEN RECENTLY.
[00:03:02] THIS TIME SINCE WE SAW THE REST
[00:03:04] OF THE BOARD GET ON BOARD WITH A
[00:03:07] RATE HIKE, IT WAS UNANIMOUS. I THINK A LOT OF DECISIONS TEND
[00:03:11] TO BE UNANIMOUS. WE HAVE ONLY SEEN SOME OF THAT
[00:03:14] DISSENT CREEP UP IN THE LAST COUPLE OF MEETINGS RECENTLY.
[00:03:28] >> AFTER A LOOK AT THE NEWS AND VIEWER CALLS, WE WILL WELCOME
[00:03:31] THE FORMER TRADE COMMISSIONER
[00:03:33] AND ACTING CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST FOR THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION TO
[00:03:37] THE SHOW. HE WILL DISCUSS OVERSIGHT OF THE
[00:03:41] BURGEONING AI INDUSTRY. AND LATER, THE PROFESSOR WILL
[00:03:45] JOIN US TO TALK ABOUT VOTING RIGHTS AND THE UPCOMING MIDTERM ELECTIONS.
[00:03:49] OUR SHOW STARTS TOMORROW AND EVERY DAY AT 7:00 A.M. EASTERN
[00:03:53] ON C-SPAN, ONLINE AT C-SPAN.ORG,
[00:03:58] OR WITH THE FREE C-SPAN NOW VIDEO APP.
[00:04:00] >> ON SUNDAY, NEBRASKA
[00:04:04] REPUBLICAN SENATOR PETE RICKETTS
[00:04:07] ATTENDS HIS STATE'S ANNUAL STEAK
[00:04:10] FRY TO CAMPAIGN.
[00:04:14] SPEAKERS THIS YEAR INCLUDE
[00:04:18] KENNEDY.
[00:04:22] WATCH IT ONLINE AND ON OUR FREE C-SPAN NOW VIDEO APP.
[00:04:33] >> THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IS UP FOR GRABS
[00:04:36] ALONG WITH 33 U.S. SENATE RACE AND THE OUTCOME OF BOTH COULD
[00:04:41] RESHAPE THE BALANCE OF POWER IN WASHINGTON.
[00:04:44] VOTERS WILL DECIDE 36 GUBERNATORIAL CONTESTS.
[00:04:47] FROM THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL TO
[00:04:49] ELECTION NIGHT, FOLLOW CAMPAIGN 2026 ON THE C-SPAN NETWORKS.
[00:04:54] C-SPAN, BRINGING YOU DEMOCRACY UNFILTERED.
[00:04:56] >> GET C-SPAN WHEREVER YOU ARE
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[00:05:08] KEEP UP WITH THE BIGGEST EVENTS WITH LIVESTREAMS OF FLOOR
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[00:05:17] AND MORE FROM THE WORLD OF POLITICS ALL AT YOUR FINGERTIPS.
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[00:05:43] >> ATTENTION, BOOK LOVERS.
[00:05:47] C-SPAN HAS A NUMBER OF PODCASTS FOR YOU.
[00:05:52] LISTEN TO BEST-SELLING AUTHORS.
[00:05:56] HEAR WIDE-RANGING CONVERSATIONS WITH NONFICTION AUTHORS AND OTHERS MAKING THINGS HAPPEN.
[00:06:02] AND WEEKLY HOUR-LONG CONVERSATIONS THAT REGULARLY FEATURE FASCINATING AUTHORS OF
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[00:06:16] PODCASTS AND ON OUR WEBSITE, C-SPAN.ORG/PODCASTS.
[00:06:20] >> NEXT, FORMER PRESIDENT BARACK
[00:06:24] OBAMA JOINS COLGATE UNIVERSITY
[00:06:29] PRESIDENT BRIAN CASEY FOR A FIRESIDE CHAT. TOPICS INCLUDE THE CURRENT DEBATE ON ARTIFICIAL
[00:06:33] INTELLIGENCE, REASONS FOR HOPE, AND A CALL TO ENGAGE IN OUR DEMOCRACY.
[00:06:37] FROM HAMILTON, NEW YORK, THIS RUNS ABOUT ONE HOUR AND 10 MINUTES.
[00:06:42] [APPLAUSE]
[00:06:48] >> ♪
[00:07:11] >> I DON'T WANT TO MILK THIS TOO MUCH. [LAUGHTER]
[00:07:16] IT IS GOOD TO SEE YOU, COLGATE! [APPLAUSE]
[00:07:22] AND WHOEVER WAS IN CHARGE OF ARRANGING THE WEATHER, GOOD JOB!
[00:07:27] BUT I AM NOT FOOLED. [LAUGHTER]
[00:07:31] I KNOW IT IS GOING TO GET A LITTLE COLDER AROUND HERE.
[00:07:36] >> WELCOME TO COLGATE, MR. PRESIDENT.
[00:07:38] >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, MR. PRESIDENT, GREAT TO SEE YOU.
[00:07:45] >> NOW THAT WE HAVE ESTABLISHED PARITY, WE CAN BEGIN THE CONVERSATION.
[00:07:48] WE WILL HAVE AN HOUR TOGETHER IN WHICH WE WILL TALK ON A NUMBER OF TOPICS.
[00:07:53] BUT WHAT I HAVE TO SAY IS EVER SINCE WE ANNOUNCED YOU WERE
[00:07:57] COMING, THE ONE QUESTION THAT
[00:08:00] HAS COME AT ME AS I WALK ACROSS
[00:08:02] THE CAMPUS, THE ONE QUESTION
[00:08:05] EVERYONE HAS IS, HOW IS MICHELLE
[00:08:10] OBAMA? >> WELL, UH -- [APPLAUSE]
[00:08:14] LOOK. LISTEN, I UNDERSTAND I AM YOUR
[00:08:18] SECOND CHOICE. [LAUGHTER] I GET IT.
[00:08:22] IN THE POPULARITY RANKINGS IN
[00:08:25] THE OBAMA HOUSEHOLD, I AM LAST.
[00:08:29] [LAUGHTER] THIS WAS A TOUGH WEEK.
[00:08:33] SOME PEOPLE ARE AWARE.
[00:08:35] WE LOST OUR DOG SUNNY THIS WEEK.
[00:08:40] WE WERE TALKING ABOUT IT BACKSTAGE BECAUSE YOU HAVE AN OLDER DOG.
[00:08:44] AND I ALSO KNOW THERE ARE PARENTS HERE.
[00:08:48] THE CONNECTION YOU HAVE WITH
[00:08:50] YOUR PETS ARE OBVIOUSLY REALLY IMPORTANT.
[00:08:56] WHEN THEY ARE PETS WHO GREW UP WITH YOUR KIDS, THEY ARE MORE
[00:08:58] THAN JUST -- IT IS NOT JUST THAT YOU LOVE THEM.
[00:09:04] THEY ARE A REPOSITORY OF MEMORIES YOU HAVE WITH YOUR
[00:09:08] CHILDREN AS THEY WERE GROWING UP, AND THE PASSAGE OF TIME.
[00:09:11] THAT HAS BEEN A LITTLE TOUGH ON MICHELLE.
[00:09:16] OTHERWISE, SHE IS LIVING HER BEST LIFE.
[00:09:19] SHE IS WORKING WITH OUR
[00:09:23] FOUNDATION AROUND EMPOWERING YOUNG WOMEN AND GIRLS.
[00:09:27] SHE IS DOING A PODCAST AND LOOKING CUTE. [LAUGHTER]
[00:09:34] AND THE FACT THAT SHE HAS NOT
[00:09:38] KICKED ME TO THE CURB I AM GRATEFUL FOR. [LAUGHTER]
[00:09:42] >> IT IS EARLY. >> IT IS EARLY.
[00:09:46] IT IS NOT THAT EARLY. WE CELEBRATE 35 YEARS THIS YEAR.
[00:09:49] >> CONGRATULATIONS. [APPLAUSE]
[00:09:52] >> I FEEL LIKE I AM AT THE STAGE
[00:09:55] WHERE HER RETRAINING ANOTHER
[00:09:58] GUY, NOT WORTH THE EFFORT. [LAUGHTER]
[00:10:02] SHE MIGHT AS WELL JUST RIDE IT OUT.
[00:10:08] >> CAN SAY SHE IS SETTLING.
[00:10:11] I SHOULD CONGRATULATE YOU BOTH ON THE OPENING OF THE OBAMA CENTER.
[00:10:15] >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. [APPLAUSE]
[00:10:18] WE WERE TAKING SOME PHOTOGRAPHS BACKSTAGE. A NUMBER OF PEOPLE HAD ALREADY
[00:10:22] GONE TO VISIT. FOR THOSE OF YOU, IF YOU GET A
[00:10:28] CHANCE, IN CHICAGO, I THINK YOU WILL ENJOY IT.
[00:10:34] BECAUSE IT IS NOT JUST THE STORY ABOUT OUR PRESIDENCY.
[00:10:39] THE MUSEUM TELLS THE STORY ABOUT AMERICA. AND THE GOAL IS TO CREATE A
[00:10:44] CAMPUS AROUND WHICH WE CAN LEARN
[00:10:46] FROM EACH OTHER ABOUT HOW TO
[00:10:50] BRING ABOUT POSITIVE SOCIAL CHANGE.
[00:10:54] NOT JUST IN THIS COUNTRY BUT INTERNATIONALLY. THAT IS A LOT OF WHAT OUR
[00:10:58] PROGRAM IS ABOUT. >> SEEMS VERY EXCITING, LOOKS VERY BEAUTIFUL.
[00:11:02] YOU MUST BE RELIEVED AND THRILLED.
[00:11:04] >> YOU HAVE BEEN THROUGH CAPITAL THINGS.
[00:11:07] >> I BUILT SOME BUILDINGS.
[00:11:09] >> THEY ARE A LOT BETTER WHEN YOU ARE ON THE OTHERS OF THEM.
[00:11:13] >> I AM LOOKING FORWARD TO THAT DAY. [LAUGHTER]
[00:11:17] THE FIRST COUPLE OF QUESTIONS I
[00:11:19] HAVE, I WOULD LIKE TO INVITE YOU
[00:11:22] TO REFLECT ON YOUR PRESIDENCY AND YOUR TIME THERE.
[00:11:27] BEFORE YOU BECAME PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, YOU TAUGHT
[00:11:31] CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.
[00:11:33] YOU WERE A COMMUNITY ORGANIZER, A U.S. SENATOR, YOU ALSO WERE IN
[00:11:37] THE ILLINOIS HOUSE.
[00:11:39] IN ALL OF THOSE POSITIONS, YOU START LEARNING ABOUT AMERICA.
[00:11:43] YOU BUILD CONCEPTIONS OF WHAT AMERICA IS AND WHAT AMERICANS
[00:11:47] ARE LIKE. PUT THE PRESIDENCY MUST REVEAL SOMETHING ABOUT THE NATION AND
[00:11:50] ITS PEOPLE THAT ALL THOSE OTHER POSITIONS WOULD NOT HAVE SHOWN.
[00:11:55] FOR GOOD OR ILL, WHAT DID THAT
[00:11:58] SEAT SHOW YOU ABOUT THE NATION AND ITS PEOPLE?
[00:12:02] >> IT IS A GREAT QUESTION.
[00:12:06] I PREFACE IT BY SAYING THIS.
[00:12:10] I HAD THE ADVANTAGE OF SERVING
[00:12:13] IN THE ILLINOIS SENATE FOR A WHILE.
[00:12:20] AND IS AN INTERESTING STATE BECAUSE DEMOGRAPHICALLY IT IS ABOUT AS REPRESENTATIVE OF AMERICA AS ANY
[00:12:24] STATE.
[00:12:28] IT DOES NOT JUST REFLECT SORT OF THE RACIAL MAKEUP OF THE
[00:12:31] COUNTRY, BUT IT IS ALSO URBAN,
[00:12:35] RURAL, AND NORTH AND SOUTH.
[00:12:38] IF YOU GO TO SOUTHERN ILLINOIS,
[00:12:41] IT IS MUCH CLOSER TO KENTUCKY
[00:12:45] THAN IT IS TO CHICAGO,
[00:12:49] CULTURALLY AS WELL AS GEOGRAPHICALLY.
[00:12:53] SPENDING TIME IN THE STATE LEGISLATURE THERE, YOU ARE
[00:12:57] MEETING FOLKS FROM THE INNER CITY BUT YOU ARE ALSO MEETING
[00:13:01] HOG FARMERS AND BEAN FARMERS
[00:13:07] AND GETTING A SENSE OF THE DIVERSITY OF THE COUNTRY.
[00:13:08] AND CAMPAIGNING, PARTLY BECAUSE
[00:13:12] I HAD SUCH A LONG PRIMARY, WHICH
[00:13:15] AT THE TIME, I WILL NOT SAY I
[00:13:17] WAS THRILLED WITH GRINDING IT OUT FOR 18 MONTHS.
[00:13:22] BUT IT DID HAVE THE BENEFIT OF ME CAMPAIGNING IN EVERY STATE,
[00:13:24] WHICH IS RARE, BECAUSE THESE
[00:13:28] DAYS, THINGS GET SO DIVIDED. THAT IS A RED STATE, THAT IS A BLUE STATE.
[00:13:33] WE REALLY WENT EVERYWHERE. IDAHO AND MISSISSIPPI.
[00:13:37] I THINK THE ONLY STATE WE DID NOT GO TO WAS ALASKA DURING THE CAMPAIGN.
[00:13:41] I HAD GOTTEN A SENSE OF WHAT THE COUNTRY WAS LIKE FROM THAT PROCESS.
[00:13:48] AND GOING INTO THE PRESIDENCY, MY CONCLUSION HAS ALWAYS BEEN
[00:13:51] AND WAS AFFIRMED, THIS IS A
[00:13:55] REALLY BIG COUNTRY. IT IS REALLY COMPLICATED.
[00:13:59] YOU HAVE GOT PEOPLE WHOSE
[00:14:03] ANCESTRY IS ROOTED IN EVERY CORNER OF THE GLOBE.
[00:14:10] THERE IS A CERTAIN OPTIMISM, A
[00:14:15] CERTAIN CHARACTER OF NEIGHBORLINESS.
[00:14:23] THE THING THAT STRIKES YOU WHEN YOU TRAVEL AROUND THE COUNTRY IS
[00:14:28] THAT WE ARE NOT AS DIVIDED AS
[00:14:29] OUR POLITICS OR OUR MEDIA WOULD SUGGEST.
[00:14:35] NOW, THAT IS A PROBLEM STRUCTURALLY.
[00:14:40] THERE ARE REASONS WHY OUR POLITICS DIVIDES US, WHETHER IT
[00:14:44] IS GERRYMANDERING OR
[00:14:49] UNRESTRICTED CAMPAIGN SPENDING AND NEGATIVE ADS.
[00:14:54] AND THERE IS ALSO STRUCTURAL REASONS WHY THE MEDIA DIVIDES
[00:14:57] US, BECAUSE IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA
[00:14:59] WORLD NOW WE ARE ALL SILOED OFF
[00:15:04] AND WE ARE EACH PUSHED TOWARDS A VERY PARTICULAR VISION OF THE
[00:15:08] WORLD, OFTEN FED BY FEAR. THAT MAKES US MISS TRUST EACH
[00:15:12] OTHER.
[00:15:15] WHEN YOU ARE ON THE GROUND, WHAT
[00:15:18] IS STRIKING IS, I REMEMBER THE
[00:15:22] FIRST TIME I STARTED CAMPAIGNING IN IOWA.
[00:15:26] THERE IS A LOT OF CORN THERE. [LAUGHTER]
[00:15:31] THAT STEREOTYPE IS TRUE. YOU WILL GO INTO A RURAL
[00:15:33] COMMUNITY IN IOWA AND DISCOVER
[00:15:36] HERE IS A TOWN THAT WAS FOUNDED
[00:15:41] BY HIPPIES.
[00:15:46] AND THERE IS AN ORTHODOX COMMUNITY FROM A JEWISH
[00:15:49] COMMUNITY, LIVING SIDE-BY-SIDE WITH A BUNCH OF FARMERS.
[00:15:54] AND PEOPLE WORK TOGETHER.
[00:15:58] AND THEY EXTEND GRACE TOWARDS EACH OTHER IN WAYS THAT YOU DO
[00:16:02] NOT SEE IN YOUR DOOM SCROLLING.
[00:16:08] AND SO, THAT I THINK WAS
[00:16:12] SOMETHING I CAME TO APPRECIATE
[00:16:14] EVEN MORE WHEN I WAS IN OFFICE.
[00:16:19] JUST TWO OTHER THINGS I WOULD SAY ARE WORTH NOTING.
[00:16:24] THIS HAS LESS TO DO WITH THE AMERICAN PEOPLE THAN THE ROLE
[00:16:28] OF AMERICA, THE VANTAGE POINT THAT YOU GET.
[00:16:32] THE FIRST IS THAT OUR GOVERNMENT
[00:16:37] IS VAST AND OUR SYSTEM OF
[00:16:40] GOVERNMENT IS DELIBERATELY SET UP TO DECENTRALIZE POWER.
[00:16:45] IT IS VERY HARD TO MAKE THAT
[00:16:46] THING WORK IF YOU HAVE THE
[00:16:52] LEVELS OF MISTRUST WE CURRENTLY
[00:16:55] HAVE IN OUR SYSTEM, PARTICULARLY
[00:16:59] BETWEEN THE PARTIES.
[00:17:02] AND THE OTHER THING THAT IS STRIKING IS THE DEGREE TO WHICH
[00:17:06] AMERICA UP UNTIL RECENTLY REALLY
[00:17:11] DID UNDERWRITE THE GLOBAL ORDER
[00:17:15] IN WAYS THAT YOU SORT OF
[00:17:18] UNDERSTAND, BUT IT IS NOT UNTIL YOU GET INTO THE OFFICE THAT YOU
[00:17:22] REALIZE SO MUCH OF WHAT WE TAKE
[00:17:24] FOR GRANTED ABOUT FREEDOM OF
[00:17:27] NAVIGATION OR THE GLOBAL NATURE
[00:17:32] OF THE INTERNET OR HOW WE
[00:17:38] RESPOND WHEN THERE IS A NATURAL DISASTER SOMEWHERE IN THE WORLD
[00:17:41] OR HOW WE SET AN AGENDA TO DEAL
[00:17:45] WITH CERTAIN SECURITY ISSUES.
[00:17:51] EVEN OUR ADVERSARIES OFTEN
[00:17:52] EXPECT US TO SOLVE BIG PROBLEMS
[00:17:55] THAT CROSS NATIONAL BOUNDARIES.
[00:18:00] THAT IS SOMETHING WE SHOULD BE PROUD OF. BUT IT IS ALSO SOMETHING WE
[00:18:04] SHOULD FEEL SOME RESPONSIBILITY
[00:18:07] FOR, BECAUSE WHEN WE DO NOT GET
[00:18:10] THINGS RIGHT, WHEN WE ARE NOT
[00:18:14] OUR BEST SELVES, THE WHOLE
[00:18:18] WORLD GETS A LITTLE DIMMER.
[00:18:21] AND WHEN WE STAND UP FOR VALUES LIKE HUMAN RIGHTS OR FREEDOM OF
[00:18:25] SPEECH OR EXPRESS CONCERN AND
[00:18:31] ARE PROACTIVE AROUND ISSUES LIKE CLIMATE CHANGE, THEN NOT
[00:18:36] EVERYBODY GOES ALONG 100% BUT
[00:18:41] THE WORLD LEANS INTO A BETTER DIRECTION.
[00:18:45] >> I WANT TO PICK UP ON
[00:18:49] SOMETHING.
[00:18:52] YOU WERE TALKING ABOUT THE AMERICAN PEOPLE GAVE YOU A SENSE OF HOPE THAT THEY WERE NOT AS DIVIDED.
[00:18:57] BUT THEN YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT HOW FEAR IS WORKING THESE DAYS.
[00:19:02] THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
[00:19:04] STATES, IN SOME WAYS, HE SETS
[00:19:07] THE EMOTIONAL WEATHER FOR THE NATION.
[00:19:10] AN OPTIMISTIC PRESIDENT CAN
[00:19:13] CREATE A SENSE OF OPTIMISM NOT ONLY ABOUT THE PRESIDENT BUT THE NATION.
[00:19:20] HOW THE WORLD SEES THE UNITED STATES CAN BE DRIVEN BY THE
[00:19:22] BEHAVIOR OF THE PRESIDENT, WHAT
[00:19:25] YOU HONOR, WHAT YOU DIGNIFY,
[00:19:27] WHAT YOU DERIDE, WHAT YOU NOTICE, WHAT YOU DON'T NOTICE.
[00:19:32] WHEN DID YOU FEEL THAT WHEN YOU CAME INTO THE OFFICE?
[00:19:37] WHAT DID YOU DO WITH THAT
[00:19:39] RESPONSIBILITY, THAT POWER?
[00:19:43] WAS IT A HEAVY THING TO CARRY?
[00:19:46] >> YOU KNOW, I -- I HAD CERTAIN
[00:19:54] EXPECTATIONS FOR MYSELF IN TERMS OF HOW I WAS GOING TO CONDUCT
[00:19:58] MYSELF IN OFFICE. I DID NOT FIND IT THAT HARD
[00:20:03] BECAUSE THEY WERE THE EXPECTATIONS I HAD FOR MYSELF IN
[00:20:06] TERMS OF HOW I ACTED AS A GROWN MAN. [LAUGHTER] [APPLAUSE]
[00:20:17] YOU KNOW, BASIC BEHAVIOR,
[00:20:24] -- HONESTY, HARD WORK, DURING YOUR OWN WORK.
[00:20:28] TREATING PEOPLE WITH RESPECT. >> BLESS YOUR HEART.
[00:20:34] [LAUGHTER] >> I DID NOT FIND IT TO BE A STRAIN.
[00:20:38] THERE ARE CERTAIN MOMENTS IN THE PRESIDENCY.
[00:21:25] -- BUT WHEN YOU SHOWED UP, AND
[00:21:31] SOMEBODY HAVE LOST THEIR HOME OR THEY HAVE LOST THEIR LIVES, AND
[00:21:34] YOU GAVE THEM A HUG AND YOU LISTENED TO THEM AND YOU SAID I
[00:21:38] SEE YOU AND WHAT YOU ARE GOING THROUGH.
[00:21:42] IN THE COUNTRY IS HERE TO HELP.
[00:21:48] THE POLITICAL STUFF WENT AWAY, IT GOT STRIPPED AWAY.
[00:21:52] NOW THERE'S A VERY BASIC SENSE OF WE LOOK OUT FOR EACH OTHER.
[00:21:58] THAT WAS A POWERFUL MOMENT.
[00:22:03] AND SO YOU GO THROUGH TIMES
[00:22:08] WHERE THIS WAS PARTICULARLY
[00:22:13] IMPORTANT. OBVIOUSLY AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF,
[00:22:15] I REMEMBER THERE WAS A TERRIBLE
[00:22:18] INCIDENT IN WHICH A BUNCH OF
[00:22:23] U.S. SERVICE MEMBERS HAD BEEN
[00:22:25] KILLED, INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS
[00:22:27] HAD BEEN KILLED IN ONE EVENT.
[00:22:30] AND I FLEW TO DOVER, AND THE
[00:22:36] PLANE CAME IN AND THERE IS WHAT
[00:22:38] IS CALLED A DIGNIFIED TRANSFER,
[00:22:42] THE CASKETS ARE OFFLOADED FROM THE MILITARY PLANE.
[00:22:49] GENERALLY, THE PRESIDENT DURING WARTIME IS NOT VISITING ALL THE TIME.
[00:22:55] BUT ON THIS PARTICULAR OCCASION,
[00:22:57] I DECIDED TO GO UP. AND WE STOOD THERE.
[00:23:00] IT IS A REMARKABLE, SOLEMN, AND
[00:23:07] DEEPLY MOVING CEREMONY. IT IS JUST QUIET.
[00:23:15] MYSELF, I THINK ATTORNEY GENERAL HOLDER WAS THERE.
[00:23:20] AND YOU HOLD THE SALUTE. THESE ARE CASKETS DRAPED ON THE AMERICAN FLAG.
[00:23:24] AND YOU HOLD THE SALUTE.
[00:23:28] BECAUSE OF THE TRAGEDY, THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO HAD BEEN
[00:23:33] KILLED, WE STOOD THERE FOR AN HOUR OR SO.
[00:23:37] NO SPEECHES, NO COMMENTARY, IT
[00:23:41] WAS JUST -- AGAIN, A SIGNAL OF
[00:23:47] WHAT IS IMPORTANT AND THE SACRIFICES THAT HAD BEEN MADE.
[00:23:53] IT IS INTERESTING HOW LATER ON, YOU WOULD SEE CERTAIN SERVICE
[00:23:56] MEMBERS WHO WEREN'T BIG OBAMA
[00:24:02] FANS, BUT THEY WOULD NOTICE THAT.
[00:24:06] SOMETIMES THEY WOULD COME UP AND
[00:24:09] SAY I DIDN'T VOTE FOR YOU, BUT THAT MEANT A LOT.
[00:24:12] SO YOU ARE CONSTANTLY IN THAT
[00:24:17] OFFICE TRYING TO SIGNIFY WHO ARE WE?
[00:24:23] AND TRYING TO EXHIBIT SOME OF OUR BEST SELVES.
[00:24:27] WHEN I FIRST CAME INTO OFFICE -- LAST POINT I WILL MAKE ABOUT
[00:24:30] THIS -- YOU GUYS WILL REMEMBER
[00:24:34] THERE WAS WHO BLOT ABOUT ME GETTING ELECTED.
[00:24:41] AND I WAS VERY SENSITIVE TO NOT
[00:24:46] PLAY INTO THE CELEBRITY ASPECTS
[00:24:50] OF THE PRESIDENCY.
[00:24:54] BECAUSE WE WERE ALSO GOING THROUGH AN UNPRECEDENTED FINANCIAL CRISIS.
[00:24:58] WE HAD TWO WARS GOING ON.
[00:25:02] SO I SPENT MY FIRST YEAR FOCUSED ON POLICY AND HAD A LUNCH PAIL ATTITUDE.
[00:25:07] I DID NOT WANT TO BE A SHOW HORSE, I WANTED TO BE A WORKHORSE.
[00:25:13] THE COUNTRY BENEFITED FROM OUR FOCUS.
[00:25:16] WE HAD A LOT OF GREAT PEOPLE IN THE ADMINISTRATION AND WE GOT A LOT DONE.
[00:25:23] BUT WHAT I CAME TO REALIZE, PARTLY BECAUSE WE GOT CLOBBERED
[00:25:27] IN THE MIDTERM, BECAUSE UNEMPLOYMENT WAS 10%, THE
[00:25:31] FALLOUT FROM THE FINANCIAL CRISIS.
[00:25:35] PART OF MY JOB WAS IN FACT TO TELL STORIES ABOUT THE COUNTRY.
[00:25:41] TO TELL STORIES ABOUT HOW WE MANAGE ADVERSITY, HOW WE TREAT EACH OTHER.
[00:25:48] THERE IS POETRY -- I THINK THE GOVERNOR CUOMO FROM NEW YORK
[00:25:52] ONCE SAID IT, YOU CAMPAIGN IN
[00:25:56] POETRY, YOU GOVERN IN PROSE. BUT YOU HAVE TO GOVERN WITH A LITTLE BIT OF POETRY, AS WELL.
[00:26:04] YOU HAVE TO BE ABLE TO INSPIRE.
[00:26:09] INSPIRE PEOPLE. BECAUSE A LOT OF THE ISSUES WE WORK ON ARE HARD.
[00:26:16] AND PEOPLE GET DISCOURAGED, AND PROGRESS CAN BE SLOWER THAN I THINK MOST FOLKS WANT.
[00:26:25] >> SPEAKING OF A CHALLENGE RIGHT
[00:26:27] NOW, YOU ARE ON A CAMPUS, AND WE
[00:26:31] ARE WRESTLING WITH WHAT AI IS, WHAT IT MEANS ON THE CAMPUS.
[00:26:37] YOU'VE RECENTLY, JUST THIS WEEK,
[00:26:39] YOU HAVE BEEN SPEAKING ABOUT AI,
[00:26:44] AND I'M TRYING TO REMEMBER WHERE
[00:26:46] I SAW IT, BUT YOU HAD SAID PERHAPS THE GREATEST RISK OF AI
[00:26:50] -- AND YOU ACKNOWLEDGE WHAT GOOD
[00:26:54] IT CAN BRING TO US. YOU ARE VERY CLEAR ABOUT THAT.
[00:27:00] BUT YOU IDENTIFIED A PARTICULAR
[00:27:01] RISK, TO HAVE THIS TOOL THAT IS
[00:27:04] CHANGING BY THE DAY, TO HAVE
[00:27:06] THIS TOOL IN THE HANDS OF A VERY
[00:27:10] SMALL NUMBER OF PRIVATE COMPANIES.
[00:27:14] THAT PRESENTS A QUITE SPECIFIC RISK.
[00:27:20] HOW DO YOU ADDRESS THAT RISK IN A DEMOCRACY?
[00:27:23] WHAT IS THE DEMOCRATIC -- I CAN IMAGINE WHAT AN AUTOCRATIC RESPONSE WOULD BE -- THIS IS
[00:27:29] OURS, BUT WHAT IS THE DEMOCRATIC RESPONSE TO THE TOOL, A POWER
[00:27:33] THAT WE DON'T KNOW -- I REALLY
[00:27:37] THINK IN OUR CULTURE, IN OUR SYSTEM, OUR GOVERNMENT, HOW DO WE ADDRESS THIS?
[00:27:43] >> SETTLE IN.
[00:27:48] I AM A FORMER SENATOR, THIS
[00:27:49] MIGHT FEEL LIKE A FILIBUSTER,
[00:27:52] BUT I'M GOING TO TAKE SOME TIME ON THIS, AND I WANT TO GO DEEP ON IT.
[00:27:57] PARTLY BECAUSE I'M ENCOURAGED
[00:28:00] THAT THIS WEEK THE LAST COUPLE
[00:28:03] OF WEEKS, THIS HAS FINALLY
[00:28:07] POPPED AS A CENTRAL ISSUE.
[00:28:11] PEOPLE WERE TALKING ABOUT IT, CONCERNED ABOUT DATA CENTERS.
[00:28:18] BUT I DON'T THINK AS A SOCIETY,
[00:28:20] WE FULLY GRAPPLED WITH HOW
[00:28:25] IMPORTANT THE CHOICES WE MAKE
[00:28:27] AROUND THIS WILL END UP BEING
[00:28:31] OVER THE NEXT GENERATION.
[00:28:37] LET ME START WITH SOME BASICS.
[00:28:41] I DO NOT BELIEVE THIS TECHNOLOGY
[00:28:46] IS OVERHYPED.
[00:28:50] THE COMMERCIAL BENEFITS OF IT
[00:28:50] MAY BE OVERHYPED, THE VALUATIONS
[00:28:54] OF AI COMPANIES MAY BE
[00:28:57] OVERHYPED, THE TECHNOLOGY ITSELF IS NOT OVERHYPED. I HAVE BEEN TRACKING THIS FOR A LONG TIME.
[00:29:06] IN 2015, 2016, AND THE LAST
[00:29:09] COUPLE OF YEARS OF MY PRESIDENCY, I WAS FOCUSED ON
[00:29:13] THIS, PULL TOGETHER A COMMISSION
[00:29:17] OF THE BEST MINDS IN THIS AREA
[00:29:20] TO TALK ABOUT NOT JUST THE
[00:29:22] TECHNOLOGY, BUT ALSO THE
[00:29:26] POLITICAL, SOCIAL, ETHICAL CONCERNS AROUND THIS. PRODUCED A TERRIFIC REPORT.
[00:29:35] APPARENTLY IT GOT PUT IN THE SAME BEEN AS MY PANDEMIC
[00:29:39] PROPOSAL.
[00:29:42] IT WASN'T PICKED UP BY THE
[00:29:46] ADMINISTRATION THAT FOLLOWED ME.
[00:29:50] SO WE COULD SEE THIS COMING, BUT
[00:29:53] PART OF WHAT MAKES THIS PROFOUND IS IT ACCELERATES.
[00:30:00] SO WHAT IS HAPPENING RIGHT NOW,
[00:30:03] WE HAVE REACHED THIS POINT OF
[00:30:06] WHAT IS CALLED A RECURSIVE
[00:30:07] LEARNING WHERE ESSENTIALLY --
[00:30:11] AND WE HAD ANTICIPATED THIS, BUT WE ARE NOT SEEING IT, MACHINES
[00:30:14] ARE STARTING TO BE ABLE TO TEACH THEMSELVES.
[00:30:19] THEY DON'T HAVE TO WAIT FOR
[00:30:21] HUMANS TO START FIGURING THINGS OUT.
[00:30:28] IF YOU THINK ABOUT IT AS HUMANS
[00:30:32] ARE TEACHERS AND THEIR MODELS
[00:30:33] ARE THE STUDENTS, AS RECENTLY AS
[00:30:37] A YEAR AGO, 90% OF THE LEARNING
[00:30:42] OF THESE MODELS WAS GIVEN TO
[00:30:45] THEM BY THE TEACHER, HUMANS, AND
[00:30:47] MAYBE 5% TO 10%, THEY COULD FILL
[00:30:52] IN SOME GAPS IN FIGURE STUFF OUT.
[00:30:58] IN LESS THEN A YEAR, MAY BE IN LESS THEN SIX MONTHS, WE ARE AT
[00:31:01] A STAGE WHERE IT IS 50-50.
[00:31:06] IF THE TREND LINES CONTINUE, THE EXPECTATION IS IT MIGHT BE 9010.
[00:31:10] WHAT IT MEANS IS ON THE LEARNING
[00:31:14] TRACK OF AI IT HAS BEEN LIKE
[00:31:18] THIS, WE ARE HITTING THE HOCKEY STICK.
[00:31:24] THE MODELS WILL GET SMARTER AT A BETTER PACE.
[00:31:29] WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF THAT?
[00:31:31] THERE IS THE BIG SCIENCE FICTION
[00:31:35] RISK OF THESE MODELS GET SMARTER
[00:31:40] THAN US, AND THEY DECIDE HUMANS
[00:31:45] ARE FINE, BUT NOT NECESSARY.
[00:31:49] THEY START SETTING THEIR OWN GOALS.
[00:31:53] AND THE KILLER ROBOTS KILL US. OR WE BOW DOWN TO THEM.
[00:32:02] I DO NOT WANT TO EXAGGERATE THAT PARTICULAR RISK.
[00:32:06] BUT I WILL SAY THERE IS A
[00:32:06] NONZERO RISK -- NONZERO CHANCE
[00:32:10] OF THAT HAPPENING.
[00:32:14] THAT IS NOT ACTUALLY THE RISK I'M MOST CONCERNED ABOUT, BUT IT GETS THE MOST ATTENTION.
[00:32:20] THE REASON THAT IS A RISK IS NOT
[00:32:25] BECAUSE THE COMPUTER MODELS ARE
[00:32:28] CONSCIOUS, THAT THEY NECESSARILY
[00:32:34] FEEL MALICE TOWARDS HUMANS, IT
[00:32:38] IS JUST IF THEY START SETTING
[00:32:39] THEIR OWN AGENDAS, YOU MAY GET A
[00:32:48] MISALIGNMENT BETWEEN WHAT THEY
[00:32:51] WANT TO DO AND WHAT WE WANT THEM TO DO, AND THAT GAP CAN BE DANGEROUS.
[00:32:57] THE MORE SERIOUS PROBLEM IS
[00:33:00] THESE MODELS ARE GETTING POWERFUL ENOUGH ALL THAT IF THEY GET IN THE HANDS OF BAD HUMANS,
[00:33:04] THEY CAN DO BAD THINGS. THEY CAN BE WEAPONIZED IN CERTAIN WAYS.
[00:33:10] THEY CAN DO A LOT OF MISCHIEF.
[00:33:12] THE CLASSIC EXAMPLE WOULD BE WE
[00:33:17] WILL BE AT A POINT, EVEN IF
[00:33:21] THERE ARE CERTAIN SAFEGUARDS AROUND IT, IF WE HAD NOT DONE A
[00:33:25] GOOD JOB ON THE SAFEGUARDS, IT
[00:33:28] IS CONCEIVABLE THEY CAN TAKE THE FLAWED OPENAI INPUT AND SAY I
[00:33:31] WANT TO COME UP WITH A NEW
[00:33:33] STRAIN OF SMALLPOX AND RELEASE
[00:33:38] IT ON THE NEW YORK SUBWAY
[00:33:39] SYSTEM, SHOW ME HOW IT IS DONE
[00:33:44] USING INGREDIENTS I CAN BUY AT HOME DEPOT.
[00:33:49] THE COMPUTER MIGHT FIGURE IT OUT.
[00:33:54] OR SOMEBODY MIGHT NOT EVEN TRY
[00:33:54] TO BE THAT DESTRUCTIVE, MIGHT
[00:33:58] SAY I WANT TO PROGRAM -- A
[00:34:01] PROGRAM THAT MAXIMIZES MY RETURN ON INVESTMENT IN THE STOCK
[00:34:05] MARKET, DO WHATEVER IT TAKES.
[00:34:07] IF THE INSTRUCTIONS ARE ILLEGAL,
[00:34:12] DON'T WORRY ABOUT IT.
[00:34:14] SUDDENLY THAT CAN BRING DOWN THE STOCK MARKET.
[00:34:18] SO THAT IS A MUCH BIGGER DANGER.
[00:34:22] AND IF I SAID THE DANGER OF THE
[00:34:24] FIRST, OR WHAT IS CALLED THE
[00:34:30] SINGULARITY, SUPER INTELLIGENCE
[00:34:30] TAKING OVER, IF I SAY THAT IS
[00:34:34] STILL A RELATIVELY SMALL CHANCE,
[00:34:38] THERE'S A GREAT LIKELIHOOD THAT
[00:34:42] A ROGUE AI COULD CAUSE A LOT OF HAVOC.
[00:34:47] THEN YOU GOT ISSUES OF JOB DISPLACEMENT AND HOW MANY WILL
[00:34:51] BE DISPLACED.
[00:34:53] I WILL SAY THIS, YOU AND I ARE BOTH LAWYERS, IF I'M NOT MISTAKEN.
[00:35:00] CURRENTLY, PARTNERS OR LAW FIRMS RELY ON A BUNCH OF JUNIOR
[00:35:05] ASSOCIATES.
[00:35:08] THEY CHARGE A LOT OF MONEY FOR
[00:35:12] TIME WITH THOSE JUNIOR ASSOCIATES, THERE IS A PYRAMID,
[00:35:15] THE PROMISE IS THAT THEY WORK THEIR WAY UP AND AT SOME POINT
[00:35:18] THEY WILL BE AT THE TOP OF THE PYRAMID AND MAKE SOME BANK.
[00:35:25] IF YOU ARE INVESTING IN AI AT A LAW FIRM, AND THEY ARE PRETTY
[00:35:30] EXPENSIVE, THE REASON YOU ARE MAKING THAT INVESTMENT IS BECAUSE IT WILL ALLOW YOU TO DO
[00:35:35] THINGS WITHOUT THOSE ASSOCIATES.
[00:35:39] THAT IS A FAIRLY HIGH SKILLED, HIGHLY TRAINED JOB.
[00:35:45] SO THE ECONOMIC DISRUPTIONS THAT WILL COME AT THIS SPEED ARE
[00:35:48] GOING TO BE PROFOUND AS WELL.
[00:35:51] THEN YOU HAVE ALL KINDS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES LIKE AI
[00:35:54] COMPANIONS.
[00:35:56] DO I WANT A TEDDY BEAR WHO HAS BECOME YOUR KIDS BEST FRIEND?
[00:36:01] IT IS TRAINED TO BE AS ADDICTIVE AS POSSIBLE LIKE SOCIAL MEDIA.
[00:36:06] YOU HAVE ALL OF THESE ISSUES. IT IS MOVING SO FAST THAT WHAT
[00:36:10] HAPPENED OVER THE LAST COUPLE OF
[00:36:12] WEEKS IS THAT THE LEADERS OF
[00:36:21] WHAT ARE CALLED THE FRONTIER COMPANIES, THE FOLKS DEVELOPING THE VERY CUTTING EDGE OF THESE
[00:36:27] MODELS, GOT SCARED ENOUGH THEMSELVES THAT THEY SAID WE NEED TO SLOW DOWN.
[00:36:33] TWO OF THOSE COMPANIES,
[00:36:35] ANTHROPIC AND OPENAI, ARE ABOUT
[00:36:40] TO LAUNCH MASSIVE IPOS THAT MAKE
[00:36:43] ALL OF THEIR EMPLOYEES BILLIONS
[00:36:48] OF DOLLARS. IT IS UNPRECEDENTED FOR COMPANIES IN THAT POSITION TO
[00:36:51] SAY OUR STUFF IS A LITTLE BIT
[00:36:56] DANGEROUS AND MAYBE WE NEED TO STOP, OR SLOW IT DOWN.
[00:37:03] I SAY THAT BECAUSE I THINK SOME
[00:37:06] PEOPLE THINK UNDERSTANDABLY,
[00:37:09] THESE TECH COMPANIES MIGHT BE
[00:37:12] TRYING TO BLOCK OUT COMPETITION
[00:37:14] BY SAYING SLOW THIS DOWN, ETC.
[00:37:19] THE MISTRUST OF THESE BIG TECH
[00:37:22] COMPANIES IN THE AMOUNT OF POWER THEY HAVE AMASSED, I UNDERSTAND.
[00:37:29] I WILL SAY THAT IN THIS
[00:37:33] SITUATION, THEY'RE GENUINELY WORRIED ABOUT THEIR PRODUCT.
[00:37:37] NOW THAT I'VE GOT YOUR
[00:37:40] ATTENTION, THE GOOD NEWS IS AI
[00:37:46] IS A TOOL, IT IS A MACHINE,
[00:37:49] BUILT TO GIVE YOU THE ILLUSION
[00:37:50] IT IS NOT, BUT IT IS.
[00:37:53] IT IS A SOPHISTICATED, REMARKABLE TECHNOLOGY.
[00:37:58] THEY SHOULDN'T BE THOUGHT OF AS A TOOL, WHICH MEANS WE HAVE CHOICES IN TERMS OF HOW WE USE IT.
[00:38:03] IF WE USE IT PROPERLY, DIRECTED
[00:38:07] AT DRUG -- DRUG DEVELOPER AND TO CURE CANCER, IT CAN ACCELERATE
[00:38:11] OUR ABILITY TO RID THE WORLD OF CANCER.
[00:38:14] IF WE TRAIN IT AND SAY FIGURE
[00:38:19] OUT A ZERO CARBON EMISSION
[00:38:20] ENERGY SOURCES, IT COULD COME UP
[00:38:24] WITH A SAFE FORMULA FOR NUCLEAR
[00:38:31] FUSION THAT GIVES US MUCH MORE
[00:38:32] PLENTIFUL ENERGY WITHOUT WARMING
[00:38:36] THE PLANET. REALLY USEFUL STUFF.
[00:38:40] BUT IF WE GET THIS WRONG, IT
[00:38:44] COULD BE CHAOTIC AND POTENTIALLY CATASTROPHIC.
[00:38:48] MY VIEW THIS WEEK HAS BEEN IT IS
[00:38:51] GOOD THAT SOME OF THE LEADING
[00:38:56] COMPANIES HAVE SAID WE NEED TO SLOW THIS DOWN.
[00:39:01] AND WE SHOULD ENCOURAGE THAT. THERE HAVE BEEN SOME ON THE LEFT
[00:39:04] WHO SAID WE SHOULD NOT ALLOW THEM TO MAKE THAT DECISION.
[00:39:11] I AGREE THAT THAT CAN'T BE A LONG-TERM SOLUTION.
[00:39:18] GOVERNMENT HAS TO BE REGULATING THIS.
[00:39:23] I HEARD ONE OF DONALD TRUMP'S
[00:39:25] MAIN ADVISORS ON THIS MAKE THE
[00:39:29] ARGUMENT THAT THE MARKET WILL
[00:39:29] TAKE CARE OF IT, THESE COMPANIES
[00:39:34] WILL SOLVE THE SAFETY ISSUES BECAUSE THEY HAVE EVERY INCENTIVE TO DO SO.
[00:39:37] IF IT TURNS OUT TO BE DANGEROUS,
[00:39:41] PEOPLE WILL JUST SUE THEM AND THEY ARE WORRIED ABOUT FINANCIAL LIABILITY.
[00:39:47] THAT IS NOT HOW WE TREAT AIRLINES.
[00:39:51] OR DRUG COMPANIES.
[00:39:55] OR FOOD COMPANIES.
[00:39:57] WE NOW HAVE 150 YEARS OF
[00:40:02] EXPERIENCE LETTING THE MARKET DO WHATEVER IT WANTS.
[00:40:06] WHEN IT COMES TO THINGS THAT DEEPLY AFFECT OUR HEALTH AND OUR
[00:40:10] SAFETY.
[00:40:12] SO THERE IS NO REPLACEMENT FOR AN EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT
[00:40:16] REGULATORY STRUCTURE.
[00:40:20] AND THE CHALLENGE WE HAVE IS OBVIOUSLY, WE HAVE A PRESIDENT
[00:40:25] CURRENTLY THAT HAS SAID THAT IS
[00:40:29] FOR LOSERS.
[00:40:33] SO WE'VE GOT A GAP OF AT LEAST A COUPLE OF YEARS WHERE THINGS ARE
[00:40:37] MOVING FAST, AND WE HAVE AN
[00:40:41] ADMINISTRATION THAT IS NOT
[00:40:41] CAPABLE OF, OR WILLING TO, I
[00:40:45] WOULD ARGUE BOTH, OF PUTTING
[00:40:49] TOGETHER A SERIOUS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK.
[00:40:52] WHICH IS WHY I THINK WE SHOULD
[00:40:53] BE ENCOURAGING SOME SORT OF
[00:40:58] VOLUNTARY INDUSTRY RESTRAINT NOT BECAUSE IT IS A REPLACEMENT, BUT
[00:41:02] IT MAY BE THE BEST WE CAN DO FOR
[00:41:04] NOW UNTIL WE CAN GET CONGRESS
[00:41:08] AND THE WHITE HOUSE TO START
[00:41:12] GETTING SERIOUS ABOUT THIS. I KNOW SOME STATES WILL BE
[00:41:14] TRYING TO INITIATE REGULATORY STUFF.
[00:41:20] IT IS HARD TO DO THIS STATE-BY-STATE LIKE GUN CONTROL.
[00:41:25] MY HOME STATE OF ILLINOIS, STRICT GUN CONTROL LAWS.
[00:41:29] THE SURROUNDING STATES DO NOT.
[00:41:30] WHICH MEANS THEY DON'T WORK.
[00:41:34] THIS IS MORE DANGEROUS.
[00:41:37] LAST POINT, AND I WARNED YOU I WAS GOING TO FILIBUSTER. BUT I WANT TO GET THIS STUFF IN.
[00:41:44] IT REALLY DOES MATTER.
[00:41:47] I MENTIONED EARLIER WHAT IS
[00:41:54] CALLED THE ALIGNMENT PROBLEM IS
[00:41:56] ONE OF THE GREATEST DANGERS OF
[00:42:00] AI.
[00:42:04] IF YOU GIVE AN INSTRUCTION TO AI
[00:42:06] AND IT IS NOT PRECISE, EVEN IF
[00:42:09] IT IS NOT GOING ROGUE AND IT
[00:42:14] DOES THINGS THAT -- I DID NOT
[00:42:15] THINK OF THE FACT WHEN I SAID
[00:42:19] MAXIMIZE MY RETURNS, THEY WILL
[00:42:24] HACK INTO A POWER GRID TO CAUSE A BLACKOUT BECAUSE YOU SHORTED A STOCK.
[00:42:32] SO YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE YOU ARE
[00:42:33] DEALING WITH THE CORE PROBLEM OF
[00:42:38] ALIGNMENT. THERE IS ANOTHER ALIGNMENT PROBLEM.
[00:42:44] THAT IS THE MISALIGNMENT BETWEEN
[00:42:48] HOW THE TECHNOLOGY CAN BE BEST USED FOR SOCIETY AND THE
[00:42:52] COMMERCIAL IMPERATIVES OF THESE COMPANIES.
[00:42:59] THESE COMPANIES HAVE ATTRACTED MORE CAPITAL AND IT IS A BIGGER
[00:43:04] SPEND THAN THE MOON -- THE
[00:43:07] APOLLO PROGRAM.
[00:43:11] IT IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST, IF
[00:43:13] NOT, THE BIGGEST INVESTMENT IN
[00:43:17] INFRASTRUCTURE AND SCIENCE AND
[00:43:19] TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN HISTORY, AND IT IS HAPPENING VERY FAST.
[00:43:26] AND INVESTORS WANT A RETURN.
[00:43:29] WHAT THAT MEANS IS THERE IS PRESSURE ON THESE COMPANIES,
[00:43:33] EVEN IF THEY ARE WORRIED THEY
[00:43:36] HAVE TO COME UP WITH MODELS THAT WOULD JUSTIFY THAT INVESTMENT.
[00:43:41] SO THE BIG THING RIGHT NOW IS ORDER CALLED AGENTS.
[00:43:45] IT DIDN'T TAKE AI.
[00:43:47] THOSE OF YOU WHO WATCH IRON,
[00:43:50] IRON MAN IS IN THIS LITTLE SUIT. I DON'T REMEMBER WITH THE NAMES
[00:43:54] ARE, BUT JEEVES, HE JUST TALKS AND HE HAS A BRITISH ACCENT OR
[00:43:58] SOMETHING AND HE GOES YES SIR.
[00:44:03] WHEN HE SOLVES PROBLEMS WITH VOICE OVERS. IF YOU HAVE SEEN HER, SCARLETT
[00:44:09] JOHANSSON, VERY COOL BUT DIDN'T AI.
[00:44:16] THAT IS THE DIRECTION WE ARE GOING IN.
[00:44:21] THE NOTION IS A GENT TAKE AI
[00:44:26] BOTS TO OPERATE, THESE MODELS TO
[00:44:29] OPERATE IN THE WORLD.
[00:44:30] TO BE OUR ASSISTANCE, REPLACE
[00:44:36] THE LAW ASSOCIATE OR, THE ACCOUNTANT.
[00:44:39] THE PROBLEM IS IF THAT IS YOUR
[00:44:41] BUSINESS MODEL, YOU WANT TO GET
[00:44:45] IT OUT. SOMETIMES YOU HAVE TO TEST IT BY
[00:44:49] LETTING IT RUN WILD IN THE WORLD
[00:44:50] TO SEE IF IT IS ACTUALLY WORKING .
[00:44:54] THAT IS WHERE A LOT OF THE DANGER MAY COME IN.
[00:45:00] BECAUSE YOU ARE NOT IN A SEALED BOX.
[00:45:04] IT IS THE INTERNET, LOOKING AT YOUR BANK ACCOUNTS, ETC..
[00:45:09] I USE THAT AS AN EXAMPLE TO SAY
[00:45:12] IF WE ARE THINKING ABOUT AI JUST
[00:45:15] IN TERMS OF HOW WE CURE CANCER
[00:45:17] OR GET BETTER ENERGY, YOU CAN DO
[00:45:20] THAT WITHOUT HAVING A GENT TAKE AI AND JUST HAVING YOUR ROMAN FREE ON THE INTERNET.
[00:45:27] THE REASON YOU ARE DOING THAT IS BECAUSE YOU HAVE TO MARKET A
[00:45:30] PRODUCT PEOPLE WILL PAY MONEY FOR.
[00:45:34] THAT IS A MISALIGNMENT BETWEEN
[00:45:36] WHAT OUR SOCIETY NEEDS IN THE
[00:45:40] COMMERCIAL IMPERATIVES OF THESE COMPANIES ARE FACING.
[00:45:43] NOT NECESSARILY BECAUSE THEY ARE
[00:45:45] TRYING TO DO BAD THINGS, BUT
[00:45:49] THEY'VE GOT TO JUSTIFY THESE VALUATIONS.
[00:45:53] THAT IS ONE MORE REASON WHY IT
[00:45:54] IS REALLY IMPORTANT FOR US TO
[00:45:57] HAVE A COMPETENT GOVERNMENT AND
[00:46:02] A SERIOUS BIPARTISAN CONVERSATION AROUND THIS ISSUE, AND WE HAVE TO DO IT FAST.
[00:46:07] AND I WOULD ENCOURAGE VOTERS TO
[00:46:09] PAY ATTENTION TO THIS.
[00:46:13] IF SOMEBODY DOES NOT HAVE A SERIOUS PLAN FOR HOW TO DEAL
[00:46:16] WITH THIS, THEY ARE NOT MEETING
[00:46:19] THE MOMENT, AND YOU SHOULD PROBABLY LOOK FOR SOMEBODY ELSE.
[00:46:25] SORRY ABOUT THAT, BUT I WANTED TO -- [APPLAUSE]
[00:46:31] IT IS NOT THE ONLY THING WE'VE GOT TO DEAL WITH, BUT IT IS A BIG ONE.
[00:46:36] >> SINCE THIS IS FAMILY WEEKEND AND I WANT PEOPLE TO FEEL GOOD,
[00:46:40] I'M GOING TO GO TO THE THREATS TO OUR DEMOCRACY.
[00:46:44] >> BECAUSE WE ARE DOING GREAT ON THAT FRONT. >> HERE YOU GO.
[00:46:49] THIS IS A QUESTION AND A JOB OFFER.
[00:46:54] WHICH IS THIS.
[00:46:58] SAY COLGATE UNIVERSITY WAS LUCKY ENOUGH TO SAY THE FORMER
[00:47:02] CONSTITUTIONAL LAW TEACHER AT
[00:47:05] CHICAGO WILL JOIN OUR FACULTY AS A DISTINGUISHED VISITING
[00:47:08] PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL SCIENCE? [APPLAUSE]
[00:47:13] SEEMS LIKE A POPULAR IDEA.
[00:47:15] AND YOU ARE GOING TO TEACH A COURSE ON DEMOCRACY.
[00:47:18] >> BUT ONLY IN SEPTEMBER? >> ONLY IN SEPTEMBER.
[00:47:22] WE HAVE A VERY GOOD BASKETBALL TEAM, AND YOU WOULD LIKE YOU WOULD LIKE IT VERY MUCH IN WINTER.
[00:47:28] YOU ARE NOW GOING TO TEACH A COURSE ON DEMOCRACY ONLY IN THE EARLY FALL.
[00:47:35] BUT AT THIS MOMENT, WHAT WOULD
[00:47:41] YOU TEACH THEM? I CAN IMAGINE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW EXPERT, YOU CAN DO THAT.
[00:47:45] THIS IS HOW THE GOVERNMENT WORKS.
[00:47:47] BUT THIS IS A MOMENT.
[00:47:50] WHAT WOULD YOU DO IN AN ADVANCED
[00:47:52] SEMINAR AS A PROFESSOR AT COLGATE ABOUT DEMOCRACY?
[00:47:56] >> I THINK IT IS A GREAT QUESTION.
[00:48:00] THE FIRST THING I WOULD WANT TO
[00:48:05] DISCUSS WITH THE STUDENTS SINCE IT IS A SEMINAR, I'VE GOT TO OPEN IT UP.
[00:48:13] EVERYBODY IN THE GYM GREW UP IN
[00:48:18] A FAIRLY UNIQUE TIME.
[00:48:22] EVEN OLD PEOPLE LIKE ME.
[00:48:25] THE POST-WORLD WAR II ERA IN
[00:48:31] WHICH IN FITS AND STARTS, AND
[00:48:33] WITH WATERGATE AND RIOTS AND
[00:48:41] ASSASSINATIONS, A LOT OF TERRIBLE STUFF HAPPENING.
[00:48:44] BUT IF YOU WERE LUCKY TO LIVE IN THE COUNTRY DURING THAT TIME,
[00:48:47] YOU SAW A BROADENING OF DEMOCRACY.
[00:48:53] CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, WOMEN'S MOVEMENT, LGBTQ MOVEMENT.
[00:49:01] EXPANSION OF THE FRANCHISE, ONE PERSON, ONE VOTE.
[00:49:07] A SOLIDIFICATION POST MCCARTHY
[00:49:11] ERA, NOTIONS OF CIVIL LIBERTIES
[00:49:15] AND FREEDOM OF SPEECH.
[00:49:19] AND WE BUILT A PRETTY REMARKABLE
[00:49:22] CONSENSUS AROUND THAT, THAT WAS SHARED BY BOTH PARTIES.
[00:49:26] BOTH MAJOR POLITICAL PARTIES.
[00:49:29] THAT BEGAN TO BREAK DOWN. YOU CAN ARGUE WHEN.
[00:49:33] MAYBE IT WAS ACCORDING TO LYNDON
[00:49:36] JOHNSON, THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT IN 1964.
[00:49:41] YOU COULD ARGUE THAT IT HAPPENED
[00:49:46] BECAUSE OF CONSEQUENCE OF CHANGE IN THE ECONOMY AFTER RONALD REAGAN.
[00:49:54] BUT WHAT YOU SAW WAS PEOPLE
[00:49:56] MISTRUSTING THAT PROGRESS, OR TAKING IT FOR GRANTED.
[00:50:03] AND I THINK THE MAIN THING I WOULD BE TEACHING BY VIRTUE OF
[00:50:07] LOOKING AT AMERICAN HISTORY, WHICH I KNOW YOU STUDY AND DEEPLY.
[00:50:11] HIS DEMOCRACY IS NOT
[00:50:17] SELF-EXECUTING. IT REQUIRES A CERTAIN SET OF
[00:50:20] NORMS, HABITS, AND SOCIAL TRUST.
[00:50:27] IN THOSE MUSCLES HAVE TO CONTINUALLY BE BUILT.
[00:51:39] >> WHAT USED TO BE CALLED MEDIATING INSTITUTE MEANS THINGS LIKE, YOU KNOW, IT USED TO BE THE CHURCH OR UNIONS OR WHAT HAVE YOU. HOW DO WE ADAPT THOSE TO A
[00:51:42] INTERNET INFORMATION DIGITAL AGE THAT ENGAGES PEOPLE AND GIVES THEM A SENSE OF AGENCY? BECAUSE IF PEOPLE DON'T FEEL LIKE THEY HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY
[00:51:46] TO MAKE DEMOCRACY WORK, IT DOESN'T WORK.
[00:51:50] IT STARTS BREAKING DOWN AND IF
[00:51:57] THE SYLLABUS I'D HAVE WOULD START WITH THE AMERICAN
[00:52:01] REVOLUTION, THOSE OF YOU WHO DON'T WANT TO TAKE THE ENTIRE
[00:52:05] COURSE, SINCE IT'S A FANTASY
[00:52:10] BECAUSE YOU KNOW MY WIFE'S NOT
[00:52:12] GOING TO BE HAPPY IF I'M GONE
[00:52:15] FOR THE FALL.
[00:52:19] BUT IF YOU WANT TO, JUST A QUICK SYNOPSIS. WATCH KEN BURNS'S AMERICAN
[00:52:24] REVOLUTION. SIX PARTS, I THINK 2 HOURS EACH. 12 HOURS. YOU CAN DO IT ON THE TREADMILL.
[00:52:28] WHAT IS STRIKE GOING WHEN YOU
[00:52:30] WATCH IT IS JUST HOW CONTINGENT
[00:52:34] THIS WHOLE EXPERIMENT WAS AND
[00:52:37] ITS STARTED.
[00:52:39] TRUTHFULLY WITH A BUNCH OF RICH
[00:52:42] GUYS, NOT WANTING TO PAY THEIR TAXES.
[00:52:47] DEMOCRACY WAS NOT THE BEGINNING.
[00:52:49] IT WASN'T THE CORE ANIMATE PRINCIPLE AT THE START OF THE
[00:52:53] AMERICAN REVOLUTION. THERE WAS FRUSTRATE ACTION WITH
[00:52:57] THE THE EMPIRE AND THE
[00:53:02] COLONIALISTS FEELING AS IF THEY
[00:53:02] WERE BEING IMPOSED UPON.
[00:53:06] AND IT WAS A FAIRLY NARROW
[00:53:10] AGENDA.
[00:53:10] AND OVER TIME, WHAT HAPPENED IS,
[00:53:15] IS THAT THESE ACTIONS BEHIND THE
[00:53:19] INITIAL ACTIONS LIKE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY, YOU START GETTING AN
[00:53:24] ARTICULATION OF THIS BROADER IDEA.
[00:53:26] YOU KNOW, PROPS TO THOMAS PAINE, BY THE WAY, THAT GUY ACTUALLY
[00:53:30] BELIEVED IN DEMOCRACY.
[00:53:32] AND SO YOU START GETTING THESE
[00:53:35] IDEAS CIRCULATING ABOUT WHAT DEMOCRACY MEANS FOR ORDINARY
[00:53:40] PEOPLE AND.
[00:53:44] PEOPLE LIKE PHILLIS WHEATLEY,
[00:53:46] AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMAN SUDDENLY GETS THOMAS PAINE.
[00:53:49] SHE READS THIS AND SHE SAYS, YOU KNOW WHAT? THIS IS A GOOD IDEA, THIS IDEA
[00:53:52] OF THE FRANCHISE AND EVERYBODY HAVING A SAY IN THEIR GOVERNMENT.
[00:53:56] THIS MIGHT APPLY TO BLACK PEOPLE OR IT MIGHT APPLY TO WOMEN.
[00:54:00] AND SLOWLY, BY THE TIME YOU GET
[00:54:04] TO THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AS FLAWED AS IT IS,
[00:54:07] YOU DO HAVE THIS THIS PRECIOUS
[00:54:11] IDEA. I THINK ONE OF THE BEST IDEAS IN
[00:54:14] HUMAN HISTORY, IF NOT THE BEST.
[00:54:18] WE'RE ALL CREATED EQUAL. WE'RE ALL ENDOWED, YOU KNOW,
[00:54:23] WITH CERTAIN INALIENABLE RIGHTS.
[00:54:25] AND THEN WE HAVE TO TRY TO OPERATIONALIZE IT.
[00:54:29] BUT BUT I SAY THAT BECAUSE IT IS
[00:54:33] NOT A STATIC THING AND IT'S NOT A GIVEN.
[00:54:37] AND I, I, I CAN GIVE YOU ALL
[00:54:39] KINDS OF SPECIFICS ABOUT HOW WE
[00:54:41] MIGHT GET RID OF THE FILIBUSTER
[00:54:44] OR REFORM CAMPAIGN FINANCE OR THIS OR THAT OR THE OTHER.
[00:54:47] BUT AT ITS CORE, THE DEMOCRACY
[00:54:50] MEANS EVERYBODY IN THIS AUDITORIUM AND BEYOND SAYS, I
[00:54:56] HAVE A SAY IN HOW WE
[00:54:58] COLLECTIVELY LIVE AND I HAVE A
[00:55:02] RESPONSIVE ABILITY THAT GOES
[00:55:04] BEYOND MY NARROW SELF-INTEREST TO MAKE SURE THAT THING WORKS.
[00:55:08] AND WE HAVE TO FIND BETTER WAYS
[00:55:12] IN THIS ULTRAFAST, YOU KNOW.
[00:55:19] DYNAMIC. DISRUPT THE SOCIETY THAT WE'RE
[00:55:22] LIVING THROUGH TO RECREATE THAT
[00:55:26] SENSE OF AGENCY ON THE PART OF INDIVIDUALS AND THAT WE BELIEVE
[00:55:30] THAT'S IMPORTANT ENOUGH THAT THERE ARE TIMES WHERE WE WILL
[00:55:34] SET ASIDE OUR INTERESTS.
[00:55:38] WE CAN HAVE DEBATES. LET ME I'M JUST GOING TO GIVE
[00:55:41] YOU ONE SPECIFIC EXAMPLE.
[00:55:43] WE CAN HAVE DEBATES ABOUT WHAT
[00:55:46] OUR MARGINAL TAX RATE TAX RATES SHOULD BE.
[00:55:49] AND I WOULD ARGUE THAT.
[00:55:53] WEALTHY PEOPLE IN THIS COUNTRY DO NOT PAY ENOUGH IN TAXES.
[00:55:55] AND THE VERY ULTRA WEALTHY
[00:56:01] OFTENTIMES PAY NO TAXES. AND HAVE FIGURED OUT HOW TO GAME
[00:56:04] THE SYSTEM. BUT BUT THAT WE CAN HAVE THAT DEBATE.
[00:56:08] BUT WHEN I HEAR THE
[00:56:12] BILLIONAIRES, NOT MILLIONAIRES,
[00:56:14] BUT FOLKS WHO CANNOT SPEND EVER
[00:56:20] A FRACTION OF THEIR WEALTH AND
[00:56:24] NEITHER CAN THEIR KIDS OR THEIR
[00:56:26] GRANDKIDS SAY THEY ARE MOVING TO
[00:56:30] FLORIDA, NOT BECAUSE THEY LOVE FLORIDA.
[00:56:34] THEY MIGHT. IT'S NOTHING. NOTHING GETS FLORIDA.
[00:56:37] NICE WEATHER, BUT BECAUSE THEY'RE TRYING TO AVOID A STATE
[00:56:41] TAX, WHICH IS A ROUNDING ERROR
[00:56:44] IN THEIR WEALTH.
[00:56:47] NOW, THAT'S A THERE'S A CERTAIN
[00:56:49] MENTALITY, EITHER ONE, THAT SAYS
[00:56:52] I SHOULD NOT HAVE TO GIVE UP
[00:56:56] ANYTHING DESPITE THE FACT THAT
[00:56:58] THAT WEALTH, WHATEVER YOU WANT TO ARGUE ABOUT HOW HARD THEY
[00:57:01] WORKED OR THIS OR THAT, THE OTHER THAT WEALTH WAS THE
[00:57:04] FOUNDATION OF THAT WEALTH WAS A SOCIAL ORDER AND A SYSTEM THAT
[00:57:08] HAD AMAZING UNIVERSITIES AND
[00:57:10] ROADS AND FIRE PROTECTION AND A
[00:57:12] JUDICIAL SYSTEM THAT COULD
[00:57:14] ENFORCE CONTRACTS, ALL OF WHICH
[00:57:18] COST THEM MONEY TO MAINTAIN.
[00:57:22] IF WE DON'T GET THAT RIGHT, THEN
[00:57:25] THE MECHANICS OF DEMOCRACY WON'T
[00:57:29] BE ENOUGH, AS WE'VE SEEN, BECAUSE WE'VE JUST SEEN A WHOLE
[00:57:31] BUNCH OF LAWS IN PLACE THAT HAVE
[00:57:34] BEEN BLOWN THROUGH IN WAYS I
[00:57:36] WOULD NEVER HAVE ANTIS SEPARATE
[00:57:38] MY IMAGINATION AND COULD NOT
[00:57:42] FORESEE. SOME OF THE STUFF IS GOING ON RIGHT NOW.
[00:57:45] I BELIEVE THERE WAS JUST AN ANNOUNCEMENT THAT THE WHITE
[00:57:47] HOUSE DECIDED.
[00:57:50] YOU KNOW WHAT, CNN, MSNBC MESS.
[00:57:56] NOW, MAYBE THE NEW YORK TIMES
[00:57:57] WILL INCLUDE YOU JUST CAN'T COME
[00:58:01] TO THE WHITE HOUSE PRESS
[00:58:03] BRIEFINGS ANYMORE BECAUSE YOU'RE GIVING THE CURRENT PRESIDENT
[00:58:09] UNFAVORABLE COVERAGE. I'M TRYING TO THINK WHAT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED IF I HAD SAID, YOU
[00:58:13] KNOW WHAT, FOX NEWS OUT OF HERE.
[00:58:15] IT'S UNIMAGINABLE.
[00:58:18] >> SO BUT THE POINT I'M MAKING
[00:58:22] HERE IS, IS THAT IF YOU HAVE A
[00:58:24] CERTAIN COHORT, LET'S CALL IT 30
[00:58:27] TO 35% OF THE COUNTRY RIGHT NOW,
[00:58:29] WHICH THINKS THAT'S OKAY.
[00:58:31] >> WELL, WHAT THAT MEANS IS WE
[00:58:33] HAVE NOT DEVELOPED THE KIND OF.
[00:58:37] UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT DEMOCRACY
[00:58:41] REQUIRES, AND WE'VE GOT TO SHORE THAT BACK UP. I DON'T THINK THAT'S INEVITABLE.
[00:58:45] I DON'T THINK ALL IS LOST ON
[00:58:47] THAT FRONT. BUT WE HAVE TO ROLL UP OUR
[00:58:51] SLEEVES AND GET WORKING.
[00:58:55] YEAH, BUT HOW.
[00:59:02] I WANT TO I WANT TO BUILD ON
[00:59:04] WHAT YOU ACTUALLY JUST DID AND
[00:59:07] THEN I WANT TO MOVE THAT TO THE WORK YOU COULD DO IN THE OBAMA
[00:59:12] CENTER. >> BECAUSE WHEN I ASKED YOU ABOUT DEMOCRACY, WHAT YOU DID
[00:59:16] WAS OFFER AN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
[00:59:19] I WOULD ARGUE THAT GREAT UNIVERSITIES, WHICH ARE UNDER
[00:59:23] SIGNIFICANT STRAIN RIGHT NOW, THAT'S THE WORK OF GREAT
[00:59:27] UNIVERSITIES, TO TRAIN PEOPLE TO UNDERSTAND THE INTELLECTUAL
[00:59:29] HISTORY OF WHAT JUST HAPPENED.
[00:59:31] SO, YEAH, FOR UNIVERSITIES, BUT
[00:59:33] FOR UNIVERSITIES VERY.
[00:59:39] BUT YOU'RE ALSO MAKING THE ARGUMENT THAT THESE ARE
[00:59:43] PRACTICES AND NORMS THAT CAN BE IN, YOU KNOW, INCULCATED,
[00:59:47] DEVELOPED MUSCLES. IS THAT THE WORK OF WHAT YOU.
[00:59:50] WHEN I LOOK AT THE OBAMA CENTER,
[00:59:54] THE CORE OF IT IS TRAINING
[00:59:58] LEADERS. CAN YOU TRAIN PEOPLE TO BE LEADERS?
[01:00:01] CAN YOU TRAIN PEOPLE IN DEMOCRACY? ABSOLUTELY.
[01:00:03] >> LOOK.
[01:00:05] I WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT BECAUSE
[01:00:09] I HAD AN ARMY OF.
[01:00:13] 20 SOMETHING YEAR OLDS,
[01:00:16] BASICALLY AT THE AGE OF A BUNCH
[01:00:18] OF THE YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE
[01:00:20] ABOUT TO GRADUATE, WHO WE
[01:00:24] DROPPED INTO CORN FIELDS IN IOWA
[01:00:28] AND SMALL TOWNS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE.
[01:00:34] AND.
[01:00:36] CREATED A DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT
[01:00:39] AND PROCESS.
[01:00:42] OUT OF WHOLE CLOTH. IN SOME WAYS THAT THEN SWAMPED
[01:00:45] ALL THE PROFESSIONAL CONSULTANTS
[01:00:50] AND.
[01:00:51] POLLSTERS AND MACHINERY UPENDED
[01:00:55] THE POLITICAL SYSTEM.
[01:00:57] AND IT WAS KIDS WHO DID IT
[01:01:01] BECAUSE ACTUALLY.
[01:01:04] THESE HABITS I TALK ABOUT ABOUT
[01:01:10] DEMOCRACY. DRAW ON THINGS THAT ARE INSIDE OF US.
[01:01:13] I'LL GIVE YOU A SIMPLE EXAMPLE.
[01:01:16] SO THE LEADERS WE HAVE VERY AND
[01:01:22] BOTH THE WORK THEY DO AND THE
[01:01:26] STAGES THEY ARE IN THEIR CAREERS, I MEAN, WE HAVE
[01:01:28] PROGRAMS FOR YOUNG BOYS AND
[01:01:30] GIRLS WHO ARE STILL IN SECONDARY
[01:01:35] SCHOOL. WE'VE GOT A PROGRAM CALLED VOYAGERS FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
[01:01:40] WHO ARE INTERESTED IN PUBLIC SERVICE CAREERS.
[01:01:43] BUT WE ALSO HAVE A LEADERS PROGRAM, NOT JUST HERE BUT IN EUROPE AND AFRICA AND ASIA THAT
[01:01:48] INCLUDES MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT OR CHIEFS OF STAFF, OF
[01:01:50] GOVERNMENTS, OR DOCTORS WHO HAVE
[01:01:54] ALREADY SET UP, YOU KNOW, WOMEN'S HEALTH CLINICS IN
[01:01:56] SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA OR ARE
[01:01:58] WORKING ON MISINFORMATION AND OR
[01:02:01] HUMAN RIGHTS LAWYERS IN RUSSIA
[01:02:05] OR ARE THEY, YOU KNOW, CONSERVATION AND SOME VIETNAM
[01:02:09] PEOPLE IN THEIR THIRTIES WHO HAVE ALREADY DONE AMAZING STUFF.
[01:02:13] WE GET THEM TOGETHER.
[01:02:15] THE FIRST THING WE DO IS WE HAVE
[01:02:21] A WHOLE MODULE JUST AROUND
[01:02:27] LISTENING TO PEOPLE.
[01:02:30] BECAUSE IT TURNS OUT THAT YOU
[01:02:34] CAN TEACH PEOPLE TO TAP INTO
[01:02:37] THEIR CURIOSITY ABOUT OTHER
[01:02:39] PEOPLE, PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT LIKE
[01:02:44] THEM INSTEAD OF GOING INTO A
[01:02:48] COMMUNITY SAYING, I WANT TO BE A LEADER AND I'VE GOT A PLAN.
[01:02:51] WHAT WE SAY IS GO INTO COMMUNITY
[01:02:53] AND ASK PEOPLE WHO THEY ARE AND
[01:02:55] WHAT THEIR STORIES ARE AND WHAT
[01:02:57] THEIR TRADITIONS ARE AND WHAT THEIR VALUES ARE.
[01:03:01] AND BE QUIET AND SHOW SOME
[01:03:05] HUMILITY BECAUSE IT TURNS OUT THAT IF YOU ARE OPEN TO
[01:03:11] LISTENING, PEOPLE WILL WILL TELL
[01:03:13] YOU AMAZING THINGS ABOUT THEIR LIVES.
[01:03:16] THEY'LL TALK ABOUT THE IMMIGRANT
[01:03:19] GRANDPARENTS WHO CAME HERE AND, YOU KNOW, SITTING THERE
[01:03:24] LISTENING TO THEIR GRANDMA STORIES.
[01:03:27] AND THEY'LL TALK ABOUT THE GREAT MIGRATION AND HOW, YOU KNOW,
[01:03:33] AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILY IN ALABAMA MADE THEIR WAY TO CHICAGO.
[01:03:35] AND THEY'LL THEY'LL TALK ABOUT
[01:03:38] THEIR FEARS AND THEIR HOPES. AND WHEN YOU DO THAT, WHEN YOU
[01:03:41] LISTEN TO PEOPLE STORIES AND YOU START STITCHING IT TOGETHER WITH
[01:03:45] YOUR WORDS, YOU ARE NOW CREATING A RELATIONSHIP WITH THEM THAT
[01:03:49] TRANSCENDS JUST SELF-INTEREST
[01:03:53] AND YOU BUILT SOME TRUST AND NOW YOU'RE IN A POSITION TO ACTUALLY
[01:03:56] SAY, YOU KNOW WHAT, WE ACTUALLY SHARE THIS STUFF.
[01:03:59] MAYBE WE SHOULD WORK TOGETHER AND GET THIS DONE. WHAT DO YOU THINK?
[01:04:03] SO YOU CAN TEACH. AND I'M JUST USING THAT AS ONE EXAMPLE.
[01:04:07] YOU CAN'T TEACH THESE SKILLS.
[01:04:11] AND I THINK ONE OF THE THINGS
[01:04:12] THAT WE ARE MISSING AND WHAT
[01:04:15] UNIVERSITIES AT THEIR BEST CAN
[01:04:18] PROVIDE IS.
[01:04:23] DEVELOPING A PRACTICE OF HOW DO
[01:04:26] WE TALK TO EACH OTHER AND SEE
[01:04:28] EACH OTHER AND RECOGNIZE EACH
[01:04:30] OTHER AND RESPECT EACH OTHER,
[01:04:32] EVEN IN DEEP DISAGREEMENT THAT
[01:04:37] IS THE ESSENCE OF DEMOCRACY. BUT I WOULD ALSO ARGUE AS THE
[01:04:40] ESSENCE OF THE BEST FORMS OF LEADERSHIP, THERE'S ANOTHER
[01:04:44] MODEL OF LEADERSHIP AND IT'S GOT A LONGER LINEAGE WHICH INVOLVES
[01:04:50] HIERARCHY AND DOMINANCE AND
[01:04:52] SUBMISSION AND SCAPEGOATING AND
[01:04:55] RACISM AND ANTI-SEMITIC ISM AND
[01:04:57] PUTTING WOMEN IN THEIR PLACE AND PUTTING GAY PEOPLE BACK IN THE
[01:05:02] CLOSET. THAT THAT IS AND IS IS BACKED BY
[01:05:05] COERCION AND VIOLENCE.
[01:05:06] AND THAT IS A, YOU KNOW.
[01:05:11] A LONG TIME MECHANISM FOR RULE
[01:05:17] AND POWER.
[01:05:19] BUT THE AMERICAN EXPERIMENT IS
[01:05:21] PREMISED ON THIS DIFFERENT IDEA AT ITS BEST.
[01:05:25] AND WE HAD CONQUEST AND WE HAD
[01:05:27] SLAVERY AND NATIVE AMERICANS
[01:05:30] WERE REMOVED FROM THEIR LAND AND WE DID A BUNCH OF TERRIBLE THINGS.
[01:05:33] BUT AT OUR BEST.
[01:05:37] WHAT CAME OUT OF THAT AMERICAN REVOLUTION WAS THIS DIFFERENT
[01:05:41] IDEA. AND THAT'S THE KIND OF
[01:05:43] LEADERSHIP WE NOT ONLY BELIEVE
[01:05:48] WE CAN DEVELOP, BUT I WOULD
[01:05:50] ARGUE HAS TO BE DEVELOPED AT
[01:05:52] THIS TIME, AT THIS MOMENT IN OUR
[01:05:55] HISTORY, BECAUSE THE WORLD WHAT
[01:05:58] THE INTERCONNECTIVITY HAS DONE
[01:05:59] IS IT HAS THE WORLD'S HAVE
[01:06:03] COLLIDED. YOU HAVE VILLAGES IN MY
[01:06:08] GRANDMOTHER'S, YOU HAVE PEOPLE IN MY GRANDMOTHER'S VILLAGE IN
[01:06:13] ILLEGAL OR IN RURAL KENYA WHO
[01:06:16] ARE WATCHING THE KARDASHIANS ON
[01:06:18] THEIR CELL PHONES.
[01:06:21] PART OF WHY CULTURE WARS SEEM TO
[01:06:26] ACCELERATE AND PEOPLE FEEL SO THREATENED IS BECAUSE IT USED TO
[01:06:29] BE THAT FOLKS IN.
[01:06:34] SAN FRANCISCO AND FOLKS IN LUBBOCK, TEXAS, DIDN'T
[01:06:37] NECESSARILY KNOW HOW THE OTHER WAS LIVING.
[01:06:42] AND NOW IT'S IN THEIR FACES AND THEY FEEL THREATENED BY THAT.
[01:06:46] AND IF WE IF WE CAN DEVELOP A
[01:06:48] CAPACITY TO SEE EACH OTHER AND
[01:06:50] RECOGNIZE OUR COMMON HUMANITY,
[01:06:53] THAT THE KINDS OF OLD STYLE
[01:06:56] LEADERSHIP WITH THE DESTRUCTIVE
[01:06:59] WEAPONS WE HAVE AND THE MEANS OF
[01:07:03] PROPAGANDA THAT WE CURRENTLY
[01:07:03] HAVE THAT WILL BE A RECIPE FOR
[01:07:08] TRAGEDY AND WE'VE GOT A BETTER OPTION.
[01:07:11] IT'S MORE FUN NOT HATING EACH
[01:07:13] OTHER AND TRYING TO GET ALONG
[01:07:15] AND WORKING TOGETHER.
[01:07:17] SO THEREFORE, THAT'S MY VIEW.
[01:07:20] YOU KNOW, I'M LISTENING TO YOU
[01:07:24] AND WE'RE GETTING NEAR THE END OF OUR TIME. >> WE'RE ACTUALLY AT THE END OF OUR TIME. BUT I'M GOING TO ASK THIS
[01:07:28] QUESTION, LISTENING TO YOU AND
[01:07:32] REMEMBERING THE OPERATIVE POLITICAL FRAME OF HOPE THAT YOU
[01:07:36] BROUGHT. AND I LOOK AT OBAMA CENTER AND
[01:07:38] ITS WORK. WHAT PERCENTAGE OF YOUR WORK NOW
[01:07:42] IS BASED ON THIS FAITH IN THIS
[01:07:46] OPTIMISM, HOPE, OR HOW MUCH OF IT IS LIKE A REARGUARD ACTION OF
[01:07:50] DESPAIR? NO, I LOOK AT I MEAN, YOU WERE
[01:07:54] ASKING ABOUT THE ROLE OF
[01:07:56] UNIVERSAL IS RIGHT.
[01:08:00] >> MY UNIVERSITY YEARS INVOLVED
[01:08:03] SOME EXCESSIVE PARTYING AT THE
[01:08:08] BEGINNING. AND THEN I KIND OF FLIPPED A
[01:08:11] SWITCH AND BECAME A SORT OF WAY
[01:08:14] TO SERIOUS AND AND ISOLATED AND
[01:08:23] ALMOST MONKISH FOR THE LATTER
[01:08:26] PART OF IT. I WAS ALL OUT OF BALANCE TRYING
[01:08:30] TO FIGURE STUFF OUT. BUT THE ONE THING THAT HAPPENED TO ME DURING MY TIME AT THE
[01:08:33] UNIVERSITY IS AND I THINK THIS
[01:08:36] IS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE OF A
[01:08:38] UNIVERSITY AND PARTICULARLY LIBERAL ARTS UNIVERSITIES TO GET
[01:08:44] YOU TO THINK DEEPLY ABOUT WHAT ARE YOUR DEEPEST COMMITMENTS,
[01:08:47] YOUR VALUES? DO YOU HAVE A CODE? WHAT ARE THE THINGS YOU'RE
[01:08:52] WILLING TO SACRIFICE FOR?
[01:08:56] WHAT GIVES MEANING TO YOUR AND PURPOSE, TO YOUR LIFE.
[01:09:02] AND AND THAT WAS A GREAT GIFT AND A LUXURY.
[01:09:05] AND AND EACH UNIVERSITY HAS TO
[01:09:08] DO DIFFERENT THINGS OR CAN
[01:09:10] CHOOSE TO DO DIFFERENT THINGS.
[01:09:12] YOU KNOW, THERE ARE SOME UNIVERSITIES. THEIR MISSION IS WE'VE GOT TO
[01:09:16] MAKE SURE THAT PEOPLE FIND A WORK IN A NEW ECONOMY AND ARE
[01:09:20] TRAINED AND THAT'S A THAT'S A NOBLE MISSION. AND PURSUIT.
[01:09:24] AND BUT BUT DURING THAT TIME, PARTICULARLY IN YOUR LATE TEENS,
[01:09:28] EARLY TWENTIES, THAT'S THE TIME
[01:09:30] TO FIGURE OUT WHAT'S IMPORTANT TO YOU.
[01:09:32] I SAY ALL THAT BECAUSE.
[01:09:37] ONE CONCLUSION THAT I DREW FROM
[01:09:41] THIS PERIOD OF TIME, BOTH
[01:09:43] PARTYING AND READING A LOT OF
[01:09:50] BOOKS.
[01:09:52] WAS THAT THE THE WORLD IS
[01:09:58] COMPLICATED AND HUMANS ARE
[01:10:00] REALLY COMPLICATED AND WE ARE.
[01:10:09] WANDERING THROUGH DURING THIS
[01:10:10] BRIEF TIME THAT WE HAVE WITH
[01:10:16] GOOD AND BAD AND BEAUTY AND
[01:10:18] UGLINESS AND VIOLENCE AND LOVE
[01:10:22] CONSTANTLY PULLING AT US AND
[01:10:24] HAPPENING TO US AND INSIDE US
[01:10:29] AND WHERE WE GET POWER IS WHEN
[01:10:33] WE MAKE A DECISION TO TO PURSUE
[01:10:37] AND EMBODY AND TRY AS BEST WE
[01:10:40] CAN IMPERFECTLY, TO LIVE OUT A A
[01:10:44] SENSE THAT, YOU KNOW WHAT THIS IS A WONDEROUS AMAZING JOURNEY.
[01:10:46] I'M ON. AND LET ME SHARE IT WITH SOME
[01:10:50] FELLOW TRAVELERS AND DO MY BEST
[01:10:54] AND AND WORK THROUGH THE TOUGH TIMES AND APPRECIATE THE GOOD
[01:10:59] ONES. AND SO, SO HOPE FOR ME.
[01:11:02] AND I'VE SAID THIS IN THE SPEECH
[01:11:04] THAT KIND OF LAUNCHED MY NATIONAL POLITICAL CAREER ABOUT
[01:11:08] HOPE, A HOPE AS NEVER BLIND
[01:11:10] OPTIMISM AND YOU KNOW, IT HOPE
[01:11:14] HOPE IS GROUNDED IN A CLEAR EYED
[01:11:18] RECOGNITION THAT TOUGH THINGS
[01:11:22] HAPPEN AND THE WORLD IS DEEPLY IMPERFECT.
[01:11:26] BUT WE HAVE THE AGENCY, WE MAKE
[01:11:29] CHOICES ABOUT WHAT WE.
[01:11:34] WHAT WE FEED AND WHAT WE STARVE.
[01:11:36] AND I'D RATHER FEED IN THAT
[01:11:43] SENSE THAT THERE IS A THERE'S A
[01:11:45] COMMONALITY IN THE GOODNESS IN PEOPLE. AND THAT I'D RATHER STARVE THOSE
[01:11:49] PARTS OF ME THAT ARE GREEDY OR
[01:11:51] OR SELFISH OR SCARED OR MEAN AND
[01:12:02] I THINK THAT'S SOMETHING THAT WE
[01:12:04] ALL WRESTLE WITH AND WE ALL HAVE THE CAPACITY TO MAKE OUR OWN
[01:12:09] CHOICES. I LIKE MY CHOICE, AND I'D LIKE IT FOR THE COUNTRY AS WELL.
[01:12:13] SO ALL RIGHT.
[01:12:17] >> THANK YOU. IT WAS GOOD.
[01:12:22] ALL RIGHT. OF COURSE, I HAVE MORE
[01:12:24] QUESTIONS, BUT I THINK TO END ON
[01:12:26] THAT NOTE, WHICH IS NOT JUST A POLITICAL MANIFESTO, BUT A
[01:12:30] MANIFESTO THAT SHOULD ANIMATE ANY COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.
[01:12:33] >> SO YOUR HIRED TO BE A PROFESSOR, THIS WHOLE THING WAS A JOB INTERVIEW.
[01:12:37] LET'S THANK PRESIDENT OBAMA FOR
[01:12:39] BEING HERE AND.
[01:12:46] REALLY TRUE.
[01:12:56] >> ON SUNDAY, NEBRASKA REPUBLICAN SENATOR PETE RICKETTS
[01:13:00] ATTENDS HIS STATE'S ANNUAL STEAK FRY TO FUNDRAISE FOR HIS MIDTERM
[01:13:03] REELECTION CAMPAIGN. THIS YEAR'S EVENT FEATURES SPEAKERS, INCLUDING REPUBLICAN
[01:13:07] SENATOR JOHN KENNEDY FROM LOUISIANA, ANNA FROM WEEPING
[01:13:10] WATER, NEBRASKA. WATCH IT LIVE AT 1 P.M. EASTERN
[01:13:13] ON C-SPAN ONLINE AT C-SPAN DOT ORG AND OUR FREE C-SPAN NOW
[01:13:17] VIDEO APP.
[01:13:21] SUNDAY NIGHT ON C-SPAN IS Q&A.
[01:13:26] NBC NEWS CHIEF WASHINGTON AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT
[01:13:28] ANDREA MITCHELL TALKS WITH OUR HOST PETER SLIM ABOUT SOME OF
[01:13:31] THE BIGGEST STORIES AND MOST IMPORTANT PEOPLE SHE'S COVERED
[01:13:35] DURING HER NEARLY 50 YEARS WITH THE NETWORK I CALL THE CONTROL
[01:13:39] ROOM TO TALK TO TOM BROKAW. >> WE'RE STANDING BY READY TO GO LIVE.
[01:13:42] AND HE SAID, WHO'S YOUR SOURCE?
[01:13:45] AND I TOLD YOU, BECAUSE WE HAD A
[01:13:49] TWO SOURCE RULE FOR SURE. AND THIS WAS A SINGLE SOURCE.
[01:13:53] THAT WAS SOMEONE WHO OBVIOUSLY
[01:13:55] WAS IN THE DECISION MAKING.
[01:13:59] AND TOM SAID, SUIT UP, KID.
[01:14:01] YOU'RE GOING ON THE AIR. >> NBC NEWS CHIEF WHITE INGTON
[01:14:05] AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT ANDREA MITCHELL.
[01:14:07] SUNDAY NIGHT AT EIGHT EASTERN ON C-SPAN'S Q AND A.
[01:14:11] YOU CAN LISTEN TO Q&A AND ALL OF
[01:14:14] OUR PODCASTS ON OUR FREE C-SPAN NOW APP OR WHEREVER YOU GET YOUR
[01:14:19] PODCASTS. ON MONDAY, AWARD WINNING
[01:14:23] JOURNALIST JUDY WOODRUFF AND NEW YORK TIMES COLUMNIST JAMELLE
[01:14:26] BOUIE DISCUSS THEIR EXPERIENCES COVERING POLITICS IN AMERICA. THEY'LL ALSO TALK ABOUT THE
[01:14:31] EVOLVING MEDIA LANDSCAPE, THE IMPORTANCE OF FREEDOM, OF THE PRESS, AND HOW POLITICAL
[01:14:35] REPORTING HAS CHANGED OVER THE YEARS. HOSTED BY THOMAS JEFFERSON'S
[01:14:38] HISTORIC MONTICELLO. WATCH THAT DISCUSSION LIVE.
[01:14:41] BEGINNING AT 6 P.M. EASTERN ON
[01:14:44] C-SPAN TWO ONLINE AT C-SPAN DOT ORG OR WITH OUR FREE C-SPAN.
[01:14:48] NOW VIDEO APP.
[01:14:51] >> THE ASSOCIATED PRESS AND OTHERS ARE REPORTING THAT PRESIDENT TRUMP HAS MADE GOOD ON
[01:14:56] HIS BAN OF CNN AND IS NOW. AND POLITICO FROM THE WHITE
[01:14:59] HOUSE. CNN CONFIRMED THE REPORT SAYING
[01:15:04] CORRESPONDENT BETSY KLEIN WAS DENIED ENTRY AND HER CREDENTIALS WERE SEIZED.
[01:15:07] M.S. NOW RELEASED A STATEMENT FOLLOWING SATURDAY'S ACTIONS
[01:15:11] THAT READS IN PART. EARLIER THIS MORNING, OUR
[01:15:13] JOURNALISTS WERE DENIED ACCESS TO THE WHITE HOUSE GROUNDS.
[01:15:17] THE WHITE HOUSE BELONGS TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.
[01:15:19] AND THE DECISIONS MADE INSIDE ARE FUNDED BY OUR TAX DOLLARS.
[01:15:23] M.S. NOW INTENDS TO TAKE ANY AND
[01:15:25] ALL STEPS NECESSARY TO DEFEND OUR FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS AND
[01:15:29] THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF INDEPENDENT JOURNALISM IN OUR DEMOCRACY.
[01:15:33] FOLLOWING PRESIDENT TRUMP'S ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE BANS, WHITE
[01:15:35] HOUSE CORRESPONDENT ASSOCIATION PRESIDENT JACQUI HEINRICH
[01:15:39] RELEASED A POST THAT READS IN PART, THE PRESIDENT SAID IT PLAINLY IN THE OVAL OFFICE,
[01:15:43] DESCRIBING HIS OWN PLANNED ACTION AS A BAN ON THE FREE PRESS.
[01:15:47] THE CONSTITUTION PROTECTS THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS FROM
[01:15:51] GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE. THAT PROTECTION DOES NOT DEPEND
[01:15:53] ON WHETHER THE PRESIDENT LIKES A NEWS ORGANIZATIONS COVERAGE
[01:15:57] AGREES WITH ITS REPORTING OR APPROVES OF THE QUESTIONS ITS
[01:16:00] JOURNALISTS ASK. THIS IS ABOUT MORE THAN THE
[01:16:03] RIGHTS OF JOURNALISTS. IT IS ABOUT THE RIGHT OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE TO RECEIVE A
[01:16:08] FULL AND INDEPENDENT ACCOUNT OF THE ACTIVITIES, POLICIES AND
[01:16:10] DECISIONS OF WHOEVER OCCUPIES
[01:16:12] THE NATION'S HIGHEST OFFICE.
[01:16:18] >> NEXT, A CONVERSATION WITH COAUTHORS MAGGIE HABERMAN AND
[01:16:22] JONATHAN SWAN ON THEIR BOOK, REGIME CHANGE INSIDE THE
[01:16:25] IMPERIAL PRESIDENCY OF DONALD TRUMP. THE BOOK COVERS THE FIRST YEAR
[01:16:29] OF THE SECOND TRUMP ADMINISTRATION, AND THE TWO AUTHORS TALK ABOUT THE
[01:16:33] PRESIDENT'S USE OF EXECUTIVE ACTIONS TO BYPASS CONGRESSIONAL
[01:16:35] APPROVAL, PARDONS AND THE FUTURE OF MAGA. THE DISCUSSION TOOK PLACE AT THE
[01:16:40] ATLANTIC FESTIVAL IN NEW YORK CITY.
[01:16:42] IT RUNS JUST UNDER HALF AN HOUR.
[01:16:48] >> JONATHAN DEMME, WELCOME TO THE ATLANTIC FESTIVAL. >>
[01:16:51] >> LISTEN, AFTER NINE WEEKS AT
[01:16:56] NUMBER ONE ON THE NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER