CURRENTTIME — broadcast
20260807 093000 UTC
279 transcript segments
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[00:00:08] They are still reliable and have even gained significant traction due to
[00:00:12] the addition of an extra fifth segment. I think we found a
[00:00:15] very good solution, based on the capabilities that were at our
[00:00:19] disposal. We used engines from the shuttle,
[00:00:22] solid rocket boosters, hull elements and so on, and
[00:00:26] ended up with a more budget-friendly version of the rocket instead of...
[00:01:00] we think
[00:01:00] about it,
[00:01:08] everything comes down to the need to overcome Earth's
[00:01:11] gravity, to reach orbit we need to reach a certain
[00:01:15] speed, and for that a large fuel supply
[00:01:18] is required, so the size of our rockets depends on how
[00:01:21] much payload we want to put into orbit, and also on
[00:01:25] how much additional fuel will be needed to get to
[00:01:29] the moon. That's why the SLS rocket is so
[00:01:32] big, that's why Saturn 5 was so big,
[00:01:36] that's why Starship will be so big, because they
[00:01:39] need to carry a large mass
[00:01:41] into space.
[00:01:44] All these things are due to the physics of the tasks pursued by a
[00:01:48] particular mission. With the Shuttle it was a completely different story, it
[00:01:52] combined the characteristics of a spacecraft and a
[00:01:55] glider, flew to low Earth orbit
[00:01:59] afterwards.
[00:02:07] This is a completely different implementation of the task. In the case of a space capsule, we
[00:02:11] are dealing with direct atmospheric
[00:02:13] entry.
[00:02:16] It is used to slow down the capsule and subsequently
[00:02:19] splashdown in the Pacific Ocean by
[00:02:21] parachute.
[00:02:24] This is the configuration we are using in the
[00:02:27] Artemis program.
[00:02:34] In this regard, our system is very similar to what existed during
[00:02:37] the Apollo program, which means that we have parasitic
[00:02:41] stages, part of the way they travel with the overall
[00:02:45] structure, and then, having fulfilled their function, they detach
[00:02:48] and burn up upon atmospheric entry. We consciously
[00:02:51] decided to abandon the reusability
[00:02:55] of solid rocket boosters, as was done on the shuttle, this was
[00:02:58] done for the sake of increasing.
[00:03:54] If you look at the bottom of the SLS first stage, here we see the engine section, which houses four RS-25
[00:03:56] engines.
[00:04:01] and this is undoubtedly the most complex part in terms of propulsion
[00:04:05] systems: the avionics system, electronic
[00:04:08] control, everything we need to communicate with
[00:04:11] the engines, to guide the vehicle where
[00:04:15] it needs to go,
[00:04:19] next is the liquid hydrogen tank, this is the most voluminous part of
[00:04:23] the rocket, its height is 40
[00:04:27] m, from here fuel enters the engine.
[00:04:34] Slightly above is the interstage space, the upper attachment
[00:04:38] point for the solid rocket boosters. The boosters are
[00:04:41] two solid rocket motors that help the ship overcome Earth's
[00:04:45] gravity, so structurally, this is the most
[00:04:49] reinforced part of the rocket's body. Even higher
[00:04:52] is the liquid oxygen tank, which is an
[00:04:55] oxidizer, a chemical element that provides
[00:04:58] a certain combustion regime. Finally, the nose skirt, which
[00:05:02] houses the avionics and onboard computers, from here electronic
[00:05:05] communication between the engine section and the Flight Control
[00:05:09] Center at Johnson Space Center is established, to have.
[00:05:22] From a technological point of view, today we have a much higher production rate, we use more advanced welding technology that provides almost
[00:05:26] perfect welds, using 3D printing technology
[00:05:30] we create at an affordable price parts that used to cost a fortune,
[00:05:33] The quality of
[00:05:43] the connection of parts is one of the key
[00:05:46] points in the production of space
[00:05:48] equipment.
[00:05:51] That is why we use friction stir welding technology
[00:05:55] in the Artemis and SLS programs much more actively
[00:05:58] than in any previous
[00:05:59] program.
[00:06:05] One of the advantages of this technology is
[00:06:08] the high strength of the joints.
[00:06:09] and a low probability of defects in
[00:06:13] this process. In traditional welding, two parts
[00:06:27] of the base metal are joined using a filler material,
[00:06:31] heated to a certain temperature. The friction stir
[00:06:33] welding process involves joining only two base materials using
[00:06:37] a welding rod that rotates at tremendous
[00:06:41] speed, when the tool passes through two pieces of base
[00:06:44] metal, they actually mix with each other, they
[00:06:47] are joined using a filler material, this is the method
[00:06:51] we use in the manufacture of the first stage elements, if we take
[00:06:55] the rocket assembly process as a whole, then everything happens quite
[00:06:59] simply here, all the most difficult things begin at the stage of stuffing
[00:07:02] it with electronics.
[00:07:04] Long before
[00:07:08] the start of a space mission, its parameters are calculated.
[00:07:22] We must not forget the level of technology in the sixties and
[00:07:25] seventies, when the Apollos flew, how much everything
[00:07:29] has changed since
[00:07:29] then.
[00:07:33] Today we carry mobile phones in our pockets, whose processors are
[00:07:37] hundreds of times more powerful than the computers of those
[00:07:39] years.
[00:07:44] Modern technologies are new materials, new avionics and
[00:07:48] electronics, new approaches to spacecraft design.
[00:07:51] In essence, we are now testing
[00:07:54] fundamentally new devices,
[00:07:57] which, although they use the legacy of the Apollos, are still
[00:08:00] radically different from them, like for example, the Orion
[00:08:04] capsule.
[00:08:43] At that time, we constantly had to learn from our own
[00:08:45] mistakes.
[00:08:50] Technologies, of course, help us a lot in our work, and we hope that we will be able
[00:08:54] to continue to use them as we develop. Naturally, all attention is now
[00:08:58] focused on emerging technologies, like artificial intelligence and
[00:09:01] other innovations. Who knows what benefits this will bring us in the future. But
[00:09:05] today, it is people who remain the force that
[00:09:08] makes rockets fly.
[00:09:15] This is not a two-lane highway, it is the road to the launch
[00:09:18] pad, its surface consists of a layer of
[00:09:21] gravel, necessary to cushion the weight of the crawler
[00:09:24] transporter with the mobile platform and the Saturn
[00:09:27] rocket, which weighs over 800 tons,
[00:09:31] the speed of the transporter does not exceed 15
[00:09:34] km/h.
[00:09:39] In the sixties, several studies were conducted on the topic.
[00:10:12] It's something between a ship, an excavator and a locomotive. They
[00:10:16] have all these
[00:10:17] characteristics.
[00:10:20] These two machines were manufactured in 1965,
[00:10:24] when the need arose to transport rockets from the assembly and testing
[00:10:27] complex to the launch pad. The length of these
[00:10:30] transporters is 40 m, width 35, weight -
[00:10:34] 2,700 tons. They made it into the Guinness Book of Records as
[00:10:37] the heaviest, self-propelled vehicles in
[00:10:41] the world. Of course, I would like the road to go
[00:10:44] straight, but that doesn't happen. There are a lot of
[00:10:48] rivers around here, so you have to constantly zigzag and
[00:10:51] turn, this makes the task a little more difficult, in the end the whole
[00:10:54] journey. is about 7 km, from the complex
[00:10:57] turnaround to the launch pad about 8 hours.
[00:11:01] We transport the launch vehicle in a vertical position at a speed of 1.3
[00:11:05] km/h.
[00:11:12] We could go faster, but we try to stick to this
[00:11:15] speed. It is determined by the level of vibration generated. We do not
[00:11:19] want the rocket to be damaged by vibration, at this
[00:11:23] speed we can guarantee its safe delivery.
[00:11:59] At the moment, the so-called red team is on the pad,
[00:12:03] this is a specially trained crew for unscheduled work
[00:12:07] in the liquid hydrogen fueling zone. Two technicians
[00:12:10] and a security officer are currently working on the mobile launch pad.
[00:12:25] Sending the red team to the pad is an emergency
[00:12:29] measure, yes, we train people for this type of work in advance,
[00:12:33] we have a staff of rescuers, emergency personnel in case
[00:12:36] of such a scenario, but using the red team
[00:12:40] at the launch complex was never part of
[00:12:42] the plan, this is not a standard operation, it is an emergency
[00:12:46] step.
[00:12:50] Everything related to repairing ground systems is actually quite dangerous,
[00:12:54] and the decision.
[00:13:35] 9 years of shuttle operations, so difficulties with eliminating hydrogen leaks are not new to us, especially now, when complex technical interfaces interact at the launch pad, as is known, it was due to problems with hydrogen that we had to make
[00:13:38] several attempts to launch Artemis, we are still learning
[00:13:41] to control the systems of this rocket.
[00:13:45] The very fact that hydrogen is so difficult to contain makes it such a valuable
[00:13:48] propellant. It is the lightest and smallest molecule, when we
[00:13:52] accelerate this light molecule, we get through...
[00:14:25] the weather interferes, it's rarely that everything goes smoothly.
[00:14:28] Once we launched the New Horizons automatic
[00:14:32] station on an Atlas 5
[00:14:35] rocket. The station was heading towards the outer
[00:14:39] reaches of the solar system at a speed of 58,000
[00:14:42] km/h to explore
[00:14:43] Pluto.
[00:14:47] And, as I recall, it was only launched on the fourth
[00:14:50] attempt. First there were problems with the launch vehicle, then we
[00:14:54] were informed that it...
[00:15:45] The hurricane happened on Thursday, the following Tuesday we
[00:15:49] launched, and the rocket remained on the launch pad all
[00:15:52] that time. Just think about it, a hurricane, strong
[00:15:55] wind here at the spaceport, on Thursday, the following Tuesday
[00:15:59] launch.
[00:16:40] We deliberately include this ten-minute pause to
[00:16:44] fully ensure that we are ready for
[00:16:45] launch.
[00:16:53] Then Charlie passes the command to resume the countdown to the
[00:16:56] NASA Test Director and the launch
[00:17:00] program
[00:17:00] operator.
[00:17:08] We don't have any big red button on the console that
[00:17:12] launches the rocket, the countdown is controlled by two
[00:17:16] computers,
[00:17:20] this is the launch sequence control device,
[00:17:23] abbreviated GLS and ALS. They
[00:17:26] issue commands to ground and onboard systems, starting from
[00:17:30] the -10 minute mark, humans do not interfere with
[00:17:34] the process of sending the necessary commands. If everything goes.
[00:18:16] 3 2 1 ignition of the boosters and launch of Artemis
[00:18:19] 1, we are going back to the moon
[00:18:23] and beyond.
[00:18:55] I have been here for many launches, including shuttles and other
[00:18:58] missions, but never before have I felt the floor
[00:19:01] vibrate in the control center, during the launch of
[00:19:05] Artemis it vibrated. It was surprisingly
[00:19:08] different from all the rocket launches I have seen in
[00:19:11] my career. It was an amazing demonstration of
[00:19:14] power. As soon as the solid rocket boosters ignite
[00:19:18] and the cables separate, our work can be considered
[00:19:21] done. Further command is transferred to the Flight
[00:19:25] Control Center in Houston, and we can no longer
[00:19:28] influence anything. The rocket's flight is now controlled from there, but everything
[00:19:31] that happens is so captivating that we can't take our
[00:19:35] eyes off the monitors for a long time.
[00:20:07] when you see a launch, you experience an indescribable
[00:20:10] excitement. All this reminded me how in
[00:20:13] 1969 I was lying on the side of the road
[00:20:16] and watching the launch of Apollo 11. These were approximately
[00:20:20] my personal emotions. And at the same time
[00:20:23] there was a feeling of pride for what had been achieved. We
[00:20:27] set ourselves the task of returning to the moon to continue our journey into
[00:20:31] deep space, and we did
[00:20:33] it.
[00:20:41] adventure, exploration, cutting-edge
[00:20:44] technology.
[00:20:47] All this is very exciting.
[00:21:21] this is a phenomenon I saw half a century ago,
[00:21:25] observing the first lunar program, the same
[00:21:28] excitement and energy I observe
[00:21:30] today,
[00:21:36] every person who was present here on launch day passed
[00:21:39] the qualification and certification program at the highest
[00:21:43] level, went through all these launch stages on the countdown simulator
[00:21:46] and each received approval for...
[00:22:07] Over the past 60 years, NASA has not only inspired us
[00:22:10] to be enthusiastic about space, but has also opened the door to the space
[00:22:14] program to people from all walks of life and from very
[00:22:17] diverse backgrounds, it is precisely thanks to this that they were able
[00:22:21] to overcome the path from inspiration to
[00:22:23] the opportunity to become part of this
[00:22:25] team.
[00:22:28] You have earned your place in history, you have become part of
[00:22:31] an event that is happening for the first time, such a chance
[00:22:34] does not come often, perhaps only once in
[00:22:37] a career, but we are all part of something incredibly
[00:22:41] special, the first launch of
[00:22:43] Artemis.
[00:22:51] Artemis 1 was an amazing achievement for
[00:22:54] all of us, for the launch team, the flight control
[00:22:58] team, the recovery
[00:22:59] team.
[00:23:02] For everyone who manufactured equipment at various stages, from
[00:23:06] the smallest details to gigantic
[00:23:07] structures.
[00:23:10] For specialists from the European Space Agency, all
[00:23:14] our contractors, including Boeing and Lockheed
[00:23:17] Martin.
[00:23:21] These were 10 years of integration, development and
[00:23:24] overcoming difficulties, rehearsals of launch
[00:23:27] attempts, hurricanes and other challenges that
[00:23:30] fell to our lot. And it all
[00:23:34] started here, with this
[00:23:35] team.
[00:23:39] I hardly think I can find words to convey what I
[00:23:43] felt. I am proud to have
[00:23:46] been a part of this.
[00:24:24] Currently, components for seven Artemis missions are in production.
[00:24:28] Technically, we are set for years to come. Orange
[00:24:31] is foam, this color has the thermal protective coating of the first
[00:24:35] stage. This is a toilet that astronauts will use during
[00:24:39] the three-week mission. If
[00:24:42] Elon Musk's megaproject does not pass tests in the near future, the entire
[00:24:46] flight schedule will be at risk.
[00:28:52] person, we abandoned the Ukrainians,
[00:28:55] we've screwed this unfortunate Russia over. All these guys are from United
[00:28:58] Russia, they very much liked our receptions.
[00:29:02] Cookies were not only for the opposition, they were
[00:29:06] for Putin's guys too, why is Putin
[00:29:09] weak, he always received information only from the
[00:29:12] FSB, KGB, red folder. Trump will try to
[00:29:16] stay for a third term, well, yes or no? I will be the first person
[00:29:20] to talk about it on
[00:29:21] Dorchavela.
[00:29:26] The conflicting parties will try to conclude local
[00:29:30] agreements on the evacuation of wounded, sick, disabled,
[00:29:34] elderly, children, and pregnant women from besieged or surrounded
[00:29:37] areas, and on the passage into this zone of religious ministers of all
[00:29:41] faiths, medical personnel, and medical supplies.