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20261012 123000 UTC
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[00:00:07] What have they done here? What kind of
[00:00:10] dancing? Leoderkhoz and
[00:00:14] beer? And where did these mysterious Bavarians come from anyway?
[00:00:17] New archaeological finds show that 5 years ago they were
[00:00:21] well-built, tall people and were well-
[00:00:24] fed.
[00:01:00] In Bavaria, in southern Germany, 62 single-family homes
[00:01:02] were originally planned for this plot of land,
[00:01:06] but then archaeologists made a sensational
[00:01:10] discovery: more than 1,400 years ago,
[00:01:13] the Baiuvarians, the early Bavarians, settled here.
[00:01:16] A small settlement grew here with residential buildings,
[00:01:19] workshops, streets, and a cemetery.
[00:01:23] This is what makes the finds in Berglen especially
[00:01:25] valuable. Usually, either
[00:01:29] burials or traces of settlements are found; it is much rarer
[00:01:32] to find both at once, and the regional
[00:01:35] history of the Early Middle Ages is based mainly on
[00:01:39] burial finds, so when it turns out that people
[00:01:42] not only died in a certain area, but actually
[00:01:46] lived there, it's a completely different
[00:01:49] picture.
[00:01:51] Here, where archaeologists are now moving forward centimeter by
[00:01:55] centimeter, with picks in their hands, there was once a kind
[00:01:58] of industrial...
[00:02:30] During the excavations, pieces of slag were found there, which
[00:02:33] suggests that the locals were engaged in iron
[00:02:36] processing.
[00:02:41] It seems that the early Bavarians who lived in this region were skilled
[00:02:44] blacksmiths. Swords were in great demand at that
[00:02:47] time.
[00:02:53] The end of the eighth century was marked by numerous conflicts.
[00:02:57] The main focus was on weapons production.
[00:03:02] This piece of clay indicates yet another craft that was practiced in
[00:03:05] earth-sheltered houses, weaving.
[00:03:08] Similar objects served as weights, they provided
[00:03:12] tension to the thread on the loom.
[00:03:14] станке.
[00:03:17] It is quite possible that fabrics were produced for
[00:03:19] export.
[00:03:24] More was produced here than consumed, we can
[00:03:28] assume. And even then.
[00:04:38] We observed this in several other female burials, a small
[00:04:42] knife lying on her hip.
[00:04:46] Judging by the burial items, the Baiuvarians
[00:04:49] of Berglerne were wealthy people, many were buried with
[00:04:52] swords, women often wore valuable jewelry,
[00:04:56] each find from the grave is documented with a hand-drawn sketch.
[00:05:02] The bones also indicate that these people were well
[00:05:05] fed,
[00:05:08] some were surprisingly tall, almost a meter
[00:05:11] 80. Most are still a little
[00:05:14] shorter,
[00:05:16] the average height of women is approximately 1 meter 60, sometimes
[00:05:20] a little less, sometimes a little more, while men are
[00:05:23] 10 centimeters taller, 1 meter 70
[00:05:26] -72.
[00:05:29] These artifacts provide a unique opportunity to look back in time to
[00:05:32] the days when the tribal Duchy of Bavaria
[00:05:35] was just forming. All finds are carefully studied
[00:05:38] by the State Office for the Protection of Historical Monuments, including.
[00:05:51] these objects, they had neither glasses nor magnifying glasses, and yet, these are
[00:05:55] beautiful, elegant jewelry
[00:05:57] decorations,
[00:06:04] history comes alive, and it seems amazing to me that the
[00:06:08] longer you look at these artifacts, the more you can glean
[00:06:11] from them. About jewelry or about how people
[00:06:15] dressed, we establish a connection with our
[00:06:18] ancestors, with our past, we begin to understand that they were not
[00:06:22] so different from us.
[00:06:26] Even then, the local residents had connections all over the world. This is
[00:06:29] clearly evidenced by the jewelry found in the
[00:06:32] graves. The white stones in the brooch were most
[00:06:36] likely brought from India, but where was it
[00:06:38] made? I would assume that it was made
[00:06:42] not in a local Bavarian workshop, but most likely somewhere
[00:06:45] to the west. We know, for example, that this lady was dressed
[00:06:49] in the fashion of her time. And the main pattern corresponds
[00:06:52] to what we might call French style, which
[00:06:55] prevailed in Paris around the year
[00:06:58] 600. A truly
[00:07:01] cosmopolitan population settled here.
[00:07:04] After the fall of the Roman Empire, various ethnic groups mixed on
[00:07:08] this land. Romans, Celts, Germanic tribes.
[00:07:12] and Goths.
[00:07:16] Over time, this people became known as
[00:07:18] Bavarians, and the region in which they lived,
[00:07:22] Bavaria.
[00:07:25] Bavaria, as it is today, was a key region through which
[00:07:29] one could cross the Alps. It had to
[00:07:32] be protected, including by military means. This
[00:07:35] subsequently also applied to the Carolingian dynasty, so yes, it
[00:07:39] played an important role politically.
[00:07:44] Archaeological excavations have delayed the planned development of this area
[00:07:48] by several years,
[00:07:52] and of course, the municipality has to pay for the work
[00:07:55] of the archaeologists, the whole project will cost approximately 500 thousand
[00:07:59] euros,
[00:08:01] but the mayor and city council are proud of the discoveries made
[00:08:04] here,
[00:08:07] now they know that Bergen was settled much earlier than
[00:08:10] previously thought.
[00:08:14] We are first mentioned in historical sources in
[00:08:17] 793 AD. But,
[00:08:21] according to archaeological finds, we are actually much
[00:08:24] older.
[00:08:28] Archaeologists do not intend to excavate the entire
[00:08:31] 4-hectare
[00:08:32] area.
[00:08:35] Most of it is planned to be left undisturbed, to preserve the relics lying under
[00:08:39] the earth for future generations.
[00:08:43] The longer artifacts remain in the ground, the better for
[00:08:47] research. My own curiosity is already satisfied
[00:08:50] by what we have found, but my successors may want to know
[00:08:54] much more; we should consider all of this in the long
[00:08:57] term. Hardly any other archaeological
[00:09:01] site tells so much about the people who lived, worked, and traded
[00:09:04] in Bavaria 1400 years ago, about
[00:09:08] the ancestors of those whom we today call
[00:09:11] Bavarians.
[00:09:39] moon?
[00:09:42] The moon is a desert and for a long time scientists were sure that there was no water
[00:09:46] on it, however, now we know that
[00:09:49] there is, but where is it and can it be
[00:09:52] used?
[00:09:55] Most of the lunar water is concentrated at the south
[00:09:58] pole. Many craters in this area do not receive
[00:10:02] sunlight; according to NASA, they are almost the coldest
[00:10:06] places in the entire solar system. Water here is found
[00:10:10] in the form of permanent ice, some of it frozen.
[00:10:18] The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter LRO showed that here
[00:10:21] directly beneath the surface there is ice, either in the form of...
[00:10:55] contains about 100 times more water than lunar
[00:10:58] dust.
[00:11:02] Will we be able to access it? This is for
[00:11:05] future lunar missions to find out. In any case,
[00:11:08] extracting water will not be easy. Temperatures
[00:11:11] are very low, the terrain is difficult, and this will require
[00:11:14] a lot of complex technologies.
[00:11:18] Access to water will be crucial for upcoming lunar
[00:11:22] missions. It can be purified and turned into
[00:11:26] drinking water or broken down into its components: hydrogen
[00:11:29] and oxygen using
[00:11:31] electrolysis.
[00:11:34] These gases can actually be used for breathing or as rocket
[00:11:37] fuel, however, at first, astronauts will still
[00:11:41] have to bring water with them from
[00:11:42] Earth.
[00:11:51] Space exploration is extremely popular among
[00:11:55] Generation Z. This is because they open up more
[00:11:58] opportunities than ever before. SpaceX
[00:12:01] and Blue Origin, as well as numerous startups that
[00:12:04] are engaged in satellite technologies, are bringing new dynamics to this field. Now,
[00:12:08] not only government agencies can explore space.
[00:12:11] The space industry is expanding and attracting talented
[00:12:15] specialists.
[00:12:21] Elias Leuschel is honing his skills in mining
[00:13:55] planned for twenty-eight within the framework of the Artemis
[00:13:58] 4 mission, it is planned that a lunar station will then be built
[00:14:02] there, replenishing the supplies of such a base with deliveries from Earth
[00:14:05] is too expensive, so those who remain there will have to use
[00:14:09] resources very carefully.
[00:14:12] Lunar astronauts will be forced to breathe the same
[00:14:15] air again and again, drink the same water, and engage in
[00:14:19] waste recycling on a huge scale. By finding solutions,
[00:14:22] we are developing technologies that...
[00:14:41] And this is what buildings on
[00:14:43] the moon could look like.
[00:14:46] In cooperation with the European Space Agency, a London-based
[00:14:49] design and architecture company has developed a master plan
[00:14:53] for a modular lunar.
[00:15:05] where people could work and live for extended periods. One of the main problems is lunar radiation, so thick walls are simply necessary, but how to build them?
[00:15:08] We won't bring our own concrete to build protective shells
[00:15:12] or shelters for our astronauts. It's better
[00:15:15] to use local materials. So we will
[00:15:18] take regolith, lunar dust to create blocks.
[00:15:22] We call them tetrapods. We will
[00:15:25] connect them to each other to create protective
[00:15:28] structures, similar to caves, under which
[00:15:32] people will be able to live in inflatable
[00:15:34] modules.
[00:15:37] Sounds great, the model also looks impressive, but what
[00:15:40] about practical
[00:15:42] implementation?
[00:15:45] Researcher Moritz Stich is involved in the development of building
[00:15:49] material, and although regolith is abundant
[00:15:52] on the moon,
[00:15:54] it is not quite suitable as a building material. Regolith
[00:15:57] is somewhat similar to sand, which means that if it is melted, it
[00:16:01] vitrifies, that is, turns into glass, like
[00:16:04] sand. An alternative could be sintering.
[00:16:16] The result is a porous, strong composite material, from
[00:16:20] which, for example, bricks can be made, and from them then
[00:16:23] walls can be built. We
[00:16:26] also use heat-resistant plastic for 3D printing and add
[00:16:30] regolith to it to increase the total volume. So we will
[00:16:33] be able to get a larger volume, therefore we need to take less with us.
[00:16:40] With a special high-temperature printer,
[00:16:42] it is permissible to process even pure regolith. It can be
[00:16:46] used both separately and mixed with plastic. 3D
[00:16:50] printing has huge potential for construction on
[00:16:53] the moon. NASA has conducted tests using large
[00:16:56] printers. One of the standing options is to design
[00:17:00] lightweight inflatable structures and then cover them
[00:17:03] with regolith. It is planned to involve.
[00:17:49] Working on lunar projects is incredibly inspiring, it
[00:17:53] fills me with enthusiasm and I am very grateful for
[00:17:56] being allowed to be so close to all
[00:17:59] of this.
[00:18:03] Imagine that it is the year 3000, what
[00:18:06] will archaeologists find. in brackets pertaining to our time, most
[00:18:09] likely pieces of plastic and scraps of synthetic
[00:18:12] clothing, which are already forming dense layers in the earth,
[00:18:16] thanks to our addiction to disposable
[00:18:18] fashion,
[00:18:22] T-shirts with the latest prints are very
[00:18:25] trendy, super short distressed-style shorts
[00:18:28] are simply a must-have in the wardrobe. The latest
[00:18:32] fast fashion collections will undoubtedly have the same short lifespan
[00:18:36] as before.
[00:18:41] Frederike is working on improving
[00:18:44] sustainability in fashion. One of the obstacles, she says, is
[00:18:48] the disposable mentality. What actually
[00:18:51] happens to the things we buy? If you look into a typical
[00:18:54] closet, you can find that clothes still have tags on them, which means these clothes
[00:18:58] are completely new, unworn.
[00:19:02] This phenomenon accounts for about 20% of all clothing
[00:19:05] produced.
[00:19:38] The product life cycle is greatly shortened, things have to be changed faster
[00:19:42] and faster, and consumption grows,
[00:19:45] more and more goods are bought, as a result, the mountain of waste
[00:19:48] generated by this system with a short service life also
[00:19:51] continues to grow.
[00:19:54] At the Federal Environment Agency in Dessau, in
[00:19:57] eastern Germany, scientists like Kirim Zaidi are coming up with
[00:20:01] ways to extend the life of textiles. To do this, they create
[00:20:04] a digital profile for each item of clothing.
[00:20:08] With the help of a digital product passport, a consumer who, for example, wants to buy
[00:20:12] an item in a store, can scan a QR code
[00:20:15] and immediately access a platform where they can get information about
[00:20:18] the product. Currently, a whole range of
[00:20:21] parameters are being considered for inclusion in this information. One of them
[00:20:25] is the durability of textile fibers. In other
[00:20:28] words, how long will what I am
[00:20:32] about to buy last. Another
[00:20:34] piece of product information could be.
[00:20:40] And this is how it works: place of production, material
[00:20:44] composition, recyclability, just scan the
[00:20:48] QR code on your phone.
[00:21:21] and if you look closely at individual fast fashion items, it immediately
[00:21:24] becomes clear how much needs
[00:21:26] to be done.
[00:21:30] Before us is a classic T-shirt for 2 euros. The fabric
[00:21:34] doesn't feel particularly pleasant, and it also smells strongly
[00:21:37] of chemicals.
[00:21:40] It is clear that it was made in a very simple way, cut out,
[00:21:43] folded in half and sewn along
[00:21:45] the edge.
[00:21:48] This can be done better.
[00:21:51] Here at the Berlin University of Applied Sciences,
[00:21:55] Elisabeth Eppinger studies the sustainability of fibers and
[00:21:58] textiles, subjecting them to tests in
[00:22:00] the laboratory.
[00:22:03] Most fast fashion items are not designed for a long
[00:22:06] lifespan, just a few testing cycles are enough to
[00:22:10] reveal weaknesses, although in the store they can easily go
[00:22:13] unnoticed.
[00:22:18] Here you can see that along this edge. It has already frayed, the seam
[00:22:21] has come undone.
[00:22:25] There is no locking stitch, no additional zigzag
[00:22:29] stitch on top, no additional thread around to reinforce
[00:22:32] the edges.
[00:22:36] This is noticeable from the back side, because of this the seam has completely
[00:22:40] come undone.
[00:22:44] Another hoodie looks similar, but the sewing quality is better, so it
[00:22:47] withstands the strength test better.
[00:22:52] Here on the cuff you can see that there is more material, it feels
[00:22:56] more voluminous, denser,
[00:23:00] wear will definitely take longer,
[00:23:01] времени,
[00:23:04] and this part wears out faster, so it needs additional
[00:23:07] reinforcement here,
[00:23:11] but during shopping we hardly notice such differences, people, according to
[00:23:15] her, have forgotten how to recognize true
[00:23:18] quality.
[00:23:22] If you look at the textile industry, it becomes obvious that the situation
[00:23:26] is worsening.
[00:23:29] And this applies not only to ultra-fast fashion brands, we see
[00:23:32] the same trend in more expensive price
[00:23:34] segments.
[00:23:38] A higher price does not always mean better
[00:23:41] quality, and no matter how much an item costs, isn't fashion
[00:23:45] fleeting by its very
[00:23:46] nature?
[00:23:58] in the center of Berlin, remains a niche concept, even if consumers are provided with more information about how clothes are made, will they really use it, how much does such
[00:24:01] information actually influence purchasing decisions?
[00:24:05] покупке?
[00:24:07] Oliver McConnell, innovation strategist and fashion
[00:24:11] expert, is cautious about the digital product
[00:24:13] passport.
[00:24:15] We see the attractive aspects of fast fashion, trendy styles,
[00:24:19] instant.
[00:24:30] For example, it could be arranged that when choosing a Fair
[00:24:33] Fashion brand, ethical fashion, people receive
[00:24:36] climate points, and then they can exchange them for a discount on
[00:24:40] electricity, or somehow otherwise reduce utility
[00:24:44] costs, a kind of cashback program where you immediately
[00:24:48] get a benefit for your.
[00:25:29] After the preparatory introductory phase, which will begin in twenty-seven,
[00:25:33] the digital product passport for textile products in the EU should come into force in
[00:25:37] 2028.
[00:28:36] in an instant, it was all a blow, a tear and
[00:28:40] that's it, I made a minute of silence, I thought, maybe
[00:28:43] I'll hear their voices, they dug up my
[00:28:46] mother-in-law there five minutes
[00:28:48] later, I realized that there were
[00:28:52] no signs of life in her anymore, that is, I
[00:28:55] understood that she
[00:28:58] was also gone.
[00:29:13] You come out of this forest and you see this huge
[00:29:16] machine,
[00:29:20] our station in all, so to speak, information
[00:29:24] publics called a dangerous Chernobyl-type
[00:29:28] station. Danger is always present.
[00:30:38] became very interesting to watch in winter.
[00:30:41] Croatia recently fully joined the EU, but
[00:30:45] it is already impressive with the rapid implementation of solar
[00:30:48] energy. Croatia.