ERR — broadcast
20260806 053000 UTC
417 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
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[00:00:11] "Whereas otherwise, an important activity in cattle farming is to
[00:00:15] haul manure and place it in piles, then young farmer Argo can skip all these
[00:00:19] steps, because his cattle are outside
[00:00:21] all year round.
[00:00:25] Both in summer and winter, there is no difference. In summer, we graze them,
[00:00:29] in summer they move around more, in winter they are on a smaller area,
[00:00:32] but how does this system work, do you change
[00:00:36] fields, what do you do here, well, actually,
[00:00:39] it's like this: we have these feeding rings, where we put the feed,
[00:00:43] so essentially, every time I put a new bale, I move the ring
[00:00:47] to a new place, which means that we actually
[00:00:50] started coming from the edge of the forest back there,
[00:00:54] so we put these rings in a row and then we moved them
[00:00:58] forward, forward in one row... in the second row, the third, and so on, until we eventually
[00:01:01] go through the whole field. So,
[00:01:04] depending on how many animals there are, that's how much space and acres are needed,
[00:01:08] but you don't have to clean up the manure here,
[00:01:12] no, we don't, because a thick layer of manure
[00:01:15] or a cake doesn't form here, so, as much as
[00:01:19] it forms here, you can see it, right, and and what
[00:01:22] they, what they don't eat, what remains here as hay or
[00:01:26] silage stubble, it just gets trampled in with the manure. mixed, and
[00:01:30] it forms a thick mulch layer. What are the restrictions,
[00:01:33] how much manure can be here, because they produce it
[00:01:37] every day, all year round? Yes,
[00:01:40] it's important to observe the given restrictions,
[00:01:43] so, depending on how many animals
[00:01:47] you have and what is the number of days they spend in the field,
[00:01:50] accordingly to that,
[00:01:53] the size of the field must
[00:01:55] also be suitable, it's not possible to just put them on a very small
[00:01:59] area and then have many animals, and then indeed the layer of
[00:02:03] manure would be big, so if it's simply spread out over a sufficiently large
[00:02:07] area, then it doesn't break the rules,
[00:02:09] so keeping cattle outside all year round is not that easy
[00:02:13] and rosy, you still have to do something with them here. Well, I still
[00:02:17] have to, yes, it's not that easy. If you look at today's weather,
[00:02:21] it's quite muddy and mucky here, so you can
[00:02:24] imagine how pleasant it is to feed them here in winter, when it's 20 degrees
[00:02:27] cold and dark and the wind howls and... snow falls, so
[00:02:31] that means I always have to come to this field myself, whether I come here
[00:02:35] with a tractor or on foot, it doesn't matter, but I always have to come here, bring water
[00:02:38] here, put feed here, check the feed, inspect
[00:02:42] the animals, so that means that my own life is also
[00:02:46] significantly more inconvenient, so, if all the animals were in the barn, it would be nice
[00:02:50] and pleasant, you go there, turn on the lights, the wind doesn't blow, and everything is
[00:02:53] dry and dry and great, so that is perhaps one of the biggest
[00:02:57] challenges, but at the same time, in spring, I save that time, so,
[00:03:01] in winter, there is actually more opportunity to, so to speak,
[00:03:05] waste this time, so when
[00:03:08] spring fieldwork begins, there is actually no more time to start hauling manure out of the barn
[00:03:12] and putting it in piles and so on, so this is, in my opinion, also
[00:03:16] a significant
[00:03:18] time-saver.
[00:03:22] Before moving the cattle outside, Argo kept them in the barn
[00:03:25] for some time. We once started with two
[00:03:29] sheep and then some time later
[00:03:32] four cattle were added, right, if you look at this batch today, there are
[00:03:36] significantly more of them here, so that means that essentially
[00:03:40] at one point they no longer fit into our old barn, simply
[00:03:44] and then when they no longer fit into the barn, that's where it all
[00:03:47] came from, that,
[00:03:51] that we started feeding them outside in winter. If you had a
[00:03:54] top-notch, large barn, would you rather keep them in the barn or still
[00:03:57] outside? Hard to say, I think in some ways, the convenience
[00:04:01] and efficiency of a barn would perhaps even
[00:04:04] win, but from the
[00:04:07] field's perspective, I think it's much better if they are outside,
[00:04:11] so what happens to that field next, they don't stay here forever, they go to the next field,
[00:04:14] right? Yes, so actually,
[00:04:17] this particular field, it's
[00:04:21] one part, we're going to move further here this winter
[00:04:25] or spring, and finally, when the animals leave
[00:04:29] here altogether to graze in the pasture, after that, the plan is actually
[00:04:32] to disc this field and sow turnips
[00:04:36] here entirely. Will it then be a more powerful turnip crop
[00:04:40] thanks to all this manure? In any case, more powerful than without manure,
[00:04:43] so, and well, we have actually tried different
[00:04:47] options, so it all depends on what
[00:04:50] last year we were in another field,
[00:04:54] so it then depends on what was in that field
[00:04:58] when they came there in autumn, right?
[00:05:00] That field had been grassland for quite a long time
[00:05:04] and rather needed fertilizer, then the previous
[00:05:07] field was essentially the same, but there we had planned
[00:05:10] cereals, so that...
[00:05:12] it always depends on what your cultivation plans foresee,
[00:05:16] where and what you are going to
[00:05:18] sow.
[00:05:22] Well, I think manure is good for every field, so, actually,
[00:05:26] I would say that there is too little manure in Estonia, so,
[00:05:30] there should be more animals, then there would be
[00:05:34] more opportunity for cereal growers to
[00:05:37] use manure instead of mineral
[00:05:41] fertilizers, and all this agriculture would be
[00:05:44] a little bit cleaner and better. So where do they
[00:05:48] sleep? Well, actually, in addition to
[00:05:52] us putting feed in the rings here for them,
[00:05:55] we then use either straw, old
[00:05:58] hay, old silage, these
[00:06:01] rolls that are no longer very good for feed, so we actually unroll
[00:06:05] them here onto the field, simply, so
[00:06:08] we rather help unroll the silage rolls with a tractor, the hay rolls
[00:06:11] we push open by hand, so we unroll the entire
[00:06:15] bale here, a nice dry carpet forms, and they sleep
[00:06:19] on it, and depending on the weather, sometimes they can manage with that roll
[00:06:22] for a day, sometimes for a week, so
[00:06:26] it depends on how wet and muddy it is. But
[00:06:29] when will the cattle come back here? The cattle will come back
[00:06:32] here well, I think
[00:06:35] maybe in autumn,
[00:06:39] but actually, in this specific
[00:06:42] context, it's that,
[00:06:46] that we have found that
[00:06:50] sheep don't really eat turnips and they don't really eat the turnip tops
[00:06:53] either, so last year, with one
[00:06:56] field where turnips were sown, to prevent it from getting too
[00:06:59] weedy, we grazed sheep there for a while, so the sheep, so to speak,
[00:07:03] removed the weeds or grass from there, so that the turnips could grow better,
[00:07:06] so in the case of this field, I think
[00:07:09] the same thing will probably happen, that,
[00:07:13] since we are not going to plow it, the same old grass will definitely
[00:07:17] grow here again, so in order for it not to, so to speak,
[00:07:20] smother the turnips, we will probably graze sheep here in summer, so to speak,
[00:07:24] weed the turnips, and maybe in autumn,
[00:07:28] when the turnip season is over, maybe then
[00:07:31] there will be a moment when cattle come here again, maybe they won't come at all this
[00:07:35] year, so it's a bit of a decision to be made on the
[00:07:38] fly." "
[00:08:02] Evergreen and coniferous hedges help to limit
[00:08:06] views and create privacy for us. In order for
[00:08:10] them to fulfill their task well, we must take care of them again. In spring, we
[00:08:13] should assess whether our thuja or other
[00:08:17] conifers are feeling well.
[00:08:20] Here is a thuja variety
[00:08:23] called Smaragd. It is also very common to use
[00:08:27] thuja of the Brabant variety, from which you can grow
[00:08:30] nice hedges to enclose your property. These
[00:08:34] trees look very beautiful and green
[00:08:37] from afar. However, we should also take a look at their
[00:08:40] interior, because from here we see a lot
[00:08:44] of orange conifers, and in the case of thuja,
[00:08:48] we generally fear the color orange, because we
[00:08:51] have all seen those ugly orange
[00:08:54] hedges, i.e., dried thuja
[00:08:57] hedges. When we establish a hedge for ourselves, for two to three years
[00:09:01] after planting, we should still cover it with
[00:09:04] a shading fabric for winter, so that the spring sun does not burn
[00:09:07] our trees. Inside here, however, these orange
[00:09:11] branches are actually nothing bad, it is the thuja's
[00:09:14] natural aging process, but we
[00:09:17] should still clean them out from here, because if
[00:09:21] they remain here for too long, then
[00:09:24] too much moisture will accumulate here, air cannot
[00:09:27] pass through the tree, and that's when various
[00:09:31] disease foci can appear. I have
[00:09:34] placed a tarp under the plants
[00:09:37] with the idea that it will be easy to collect all
[00:09:41] these dry branches and burn them, because
[00:09:44] it is not recommended to put this fallen
[00:09:46] foliage in the compost pile, and
[00:09:50] also because there may already be some
[00:09:53] fungal disease foci here, and they will certainly not
[00:09:56] be destroyed in the compost.
[00:09:59] When working with thuja, gloves and long-sleeved
[00:10:02] clothing should definitely be worn, because
[00:10:06] conifers in general cause skin irritation,
[00:10:09] and to protect yourself from it, it is wise
[00:10:13] to wear gloves.
[00:10:20] If we should discover a branch on our
[00:10:22] thuja that has turned orange, then we can boldly
[00:10:26] cut it out. However, if a very large part of the thuja has
[00:10:30] turned orange and we start cutting it, then we will create
[00:10:33] a hole in our plant, and it will take
[00:10:36] several years for it to grow back. This must be
[00:10:40] taken into account. However, if a thuja branch
[00:10:44] has, for example, bent outwards due to the weight of snow,
[00:10:47] then it can be boldly tied to another branch, and
[00:10:51] the thuja will actually restore its original shape relatively successfully.
[00:10:56] Once the tree has been cleaned, it is the right time to
[00:10:59] fertilize it. For this, you should use
[00:11:02] fertilizer specifically designed for conifers,
[00:11:05] and again, read the back of the package to find out
[00:11:08] how much and when to apply fertilizer. You should definitely use only
[00:11:12] one type of fertilizer throughout the season, not
[00:11:16] mix different ones. If
[00:11:19] we see that the tree is perhaps still a little dull and there is
[00:11:22] that orangish color at its
[00:11:26] branch tips, then we could also use
[00:11:29] Epsom salt for fertilization. Epsom salt is a white fertilizer
[00:11:33] and by its nature it is a magnesium fertilizer.
[00:11:37] Now, first, let's collect this cover
[00:11:40] together with these fallen
[00:11:42] branches, and only then can we
[00:11:46] start
[00:11:47] fertilizing.
[00:11:55] If there are still fallen
[00:11:58] branches visible under the tree,
[00:12:01] then rake those up as well, that is,
[00:12:04] clean the entire area under the tree.
[00:12:22] For this fertilizer, it says on the package that
[00:12:25] 80 to 100 grams of fertilizer
[00:12:28] should be applied per square meter, and it also says that
[00:12:32] one handful is about 40 grams, so for this
[00:12:36] one tree we will now give two handfuls
[00:12:39] of fertilizer.
[00:12:41] When fertilizing, you must definitely wear gloves, and now
[00:12:45] we will try to sprinkle this fertilizer under the tree
[00:12:47] trunk,
[00:12:52] and of course, so that the back of the tree also gets some.
[00:12:55] Then
[00:13:01] we use a hoe
[00:13:04] so that we can mix the fertilizer into the soil properly
[00:13:07] and it reaches the roots
[00:13:09] properly. When fertilizing, you can also make holes in the
[00:13:13] ground with a crowbar and put the fertilizer into those holes, that way the
[00:13:17] fertilizer also reaches
[00:13:19] the roots quickly.
[00:13:27] After fertilizing, it is also definitely necessary to water the plants, because
[00:13:31] plants absorb fertilizer in dissolved form. Now,
[00:13:35] there are still a few more plants waiting, so good luck
[00:13:38] to all of us.
[00:13:56] "The long stories have been shown to you, and in the tips corner today
[00:14:00] we meet mosquitoes. Namely, I saw a good
[00:14:03] tip on a fishing page on how to
[00:14:06] divert mosquitoes' attention from yourself. For this, you only need
[00:14:10] used plastic bottles, such a
[00:14:13] five-liter water jug, then
[00:14:16] we take ordinary water bottles, whatever
[00:14:19] soda bottles, and we put them here
[00:14:22] like this, so that the mosquitoes are calm,
[00:14:26] and on the other side, in the same way, we cut off this neck
[00:14:30] here,
[00:14:36] we make a hole
[00:14:37] in this bottle,
[00:14:42] and we put it
[00:14:44] in the same way
[00:14:46] here. And now the content is very
[00:14:50] important, which attracts mosquitoes.
[00:14:54] So, namely, we only need water,
[00:14:57] yeast, and sugar, which mosquitoes
[00:14:59] like, and we put this yeast
[00:15:03] here
[00:15:04] into the water bottle,
[00:15:10] similarly
[00:15:11] sugar,
[00:15:18] well, just
[00:15:19] generously.
[00:15:26] We mix this mixture,
[00:15:27] and
[00:15:31] now it will start fermenting, and you know, allegedly
[00:15:35] mosquitoes really like it.
[00:15:40] "We pour it into this large
[00:15:41] barrel,
[00:15:51] and believe me, mosquitoes will start flying to it,
[00:15:55] and they will come from this hole and from this
[00:15:58] hole, and they like it, and they will
[00:16:02] leave you alone. We are still waiting for your tips at
[00:16:06] the address
[00:16:07] Maahommik@err.ee,
[00:16:10] and we'll see you next week, all the best.
[00:18:58] in today's "Ringvaade," look, if we look down here, oh boy, the invasion of Lusitanian
[00:19:02] and road slugs made one Estonian man so angry
[00:19:06] that he decided to become an inventor. Now, nine
[00:19:09] 3D printers producing slug feeders are roaring
[00:19:13] in his garage. Can you get rich
[00:19:15] with such a slug house business?
[00:19:19] No, definitely not, I don't think I would do this
[00:19:23] to get rich very quickly, very
[00:19:25] quickly.
[00:20:27] as you can see, the summer "Ringvaade" is starting, and we are starting
[00:20:29] with a rather unpleasant topic, namely Lusitanian
[00:20:33] road slugs, but we won't arrange anything disgusting for you right away, we'll rather talk
[00:20:37] about how
[00:20:39] these unpleasant creatures forced one Estonian man to
[00:20:42] invent?
[00:20:46] Summers keep passing, and the fight against Spanish road slugs seems
[00:20:50] endless. One man even started inventing
[00:20:52] because of it.
[00:20:56] So, look, if we look down here, oh boy, here's an especially
[00:21:00] big one, well, let's try, let's collect them and see if
[00:21:04] we can maybe give them this. For me, it all started
[00:21:07] four years ago, when I moved here to
[00:21:11] Viimsi rural municipality, and I had heard that there were a lot of slugs, that it was a
[00:21:15] huge problem for people, but I thought it might be a bit
[00:21:18] exaggerated, but then at some point towards the end of summer,
[00:21:22] I discovered on the terrace that all my beautiful petunias were completely
[00:21:25] dead, and when I lifted the edge of that plant, I found that the pot was
[00:21:28] thick with slugs and everything had been eaten, but then when I started investigating,
[00:21:32] I found that there were actually slime trails on the windows,
[00:21:35] slime trails along the edges of the terrace, and here and there in the corners of the garden, especially
[00:21:39] in shadier spots, there were thick concentrations of slugs, so we're not talking about tens,
[00:21:42] we're talking about hundreds of slugs across the whole property. The main
[00:21:46] problem is that behind my garden there's
[00:21:49] a railway. The edge of which is basically completely unmaintained, and on one side there's an empty
[00:21:52] plot where they mow from time to time, but the grass is still knee-high, and
[00:21:56] the living conditions for slugs to multiply are excellent there, and they migrate
[00:21:59] from there to me.
[00:22:02] At first, Hendrik tried to fight the slugs by scattering
[00:22:05] poison pellets in risk areas. Essentially, it
[00:22:09] worked. The biggest problem for me was the high
[00:22:12] financial cost, that poison is quite expensive and a lot of it is needed. How big was the financial damage then?
[00:22:16] Well, during peak months, I would say around 130-150 euros per month
[00:22:20] could be spent on that poison, and then I started looking for an alternative, how I
[00:22:24] could serve that same poison in smaller quantities, plus,
[00:22:27] so that birds and
[00:22:30] it. The solution was a slug
[00:22:33] feeder, which of course sounds much more caring than it actually
[00:22:37] is. The working principle of the trap is that in this inner
[00:22:40] cylindrical part there is a dry yeast and
[00:22:44] sugar mixture, which due to morning dew or
[00:22:48] moisture from rain starts to ferment. And the smell of this fermentation actually attracts
[00:22:51] the slugs to the trap and this lid, which goes on
[00:22:55] top, is now made so that the gap between this cylinder and the lid
[00:22:59] is precisely small enough for air to move through, meaning the smell spreads, but the
[00:23:02] slugs actually can't fit inside, and now here is the second container, which is the
[00:23:06] octagonal container with a lower rim, into which goes the
[00:23:10] slug poison, iron salt granules, which are sold under quite
[00:23:13] a few different names, and the slug then
[00:23:16] comes to the smell, puts its head through this opening, and
[00:23:20] since the slug can't really see anything, it smells it and eats everything in its
[00:23:23] path, so it puts its head in here, fills its belly with poison
[00:23:27] and goes on its way, so this funnel goes in here, just put the funnel
[00:23:31] in here, now you can conveniently pour it in with a tablespoon
[00:23:34] or some other suitable small scoop. I gave some to a few friends
[00:23:38] to try and to neighbors, to my parents, and then I
[00:23:42] made a video on Instagram, the purpose of which was actually just
[00:23:46] to bring viewers to my channel, but after that, dozens
[00:23:50] of people started writing to me, saying they had a huge problem
[00:23:54] and wanted help, asking if they could buy traps from me, and then, yes, 48 hours later
[00:23:57] I had a business, and I started with one printer, then I
[00:24:00] rented one printer, and now today I have nine machines
[00:24:03] on the shelf.
[00:24:07] As of today, Hendrik has received orders for 1500
[00:24:10] houses. From where was the furthest order placed? Yes, orders come
[00:24:14] from all over Estonia, which was surprising for me too, I thought it was a Harjumaa problem,
[00:24:18] maybe bigger centers, but really from Hiiumaa, Saaremaa,
[00:24:21] Jõhvi, Rahla, Võru, from everywhere. Is one house enough, put it in the garden
[00:24:25] and it's fine? Absolutely not. I always tell everyone that I don't really
[00:24:29] want to give him just one, because that one is great, you put it down, you see the
[00:24:33] slugs coming, but it doesn't have any effect. I always recommend everyone
[00:24:36] to put them along the perimeter, because you don't want them to come into your yard at all, and
[00:24:40] with a step of about five meters, so its working radius should be around five to six
[00:24:43] meters. You can't just put them down and then it's fine, you still have to
[00:24:47] do some work too, yes, absolutely, the thing only works if you also put in the effort and
[00:24:50] deal with it yourself.
[00:24:55] To put it mildly, this means that everyone has to mix the road slugs'
[00:24:59] last supper themselves. So, here we first put the yeast, as they say,
[00:25:03] we mix the yeast and sugar first in a separate container, because mixing
[00:25:06] it inside here is a bit troublesome, especially if they are already on the ground and you
[00:25:10] refill them repeatedly. Roughly by volume,
[00:25:13] sugar and dry yeast go half and half. I don't even
[00:25:17] think it's very important how precise the
[00:25:20] ratio is.
[00:25:23] Where did you come up with this recipe? You know, I just started
[00:25:26] experimenting myself, I actually started this with beer,
[00:25:30] uh, the working principle of beer is actually the same, that
[00:25:33] beer is also a fermented drink, and the smell of fermentation
[00:25:37] is what attracts the slugs, but with beer,
[00:25:40] the problem for me was that, firstly, it evaporates quickly, the smell disappears
[00:25:44] from it in, well, in my opinion, one or two days, and
[00:25:47] in addition, if it's a hot summer day, it simply
[00:25:50] evaporates. And if it has evaporated, then you have a sticky,
[00:25:53] somewhat slimy substance that you have to wash, so now it's, so to speak,
[00:25:57] a dry beer alternative. Exactly, it slowly ferments and let's say, when I
[00:26:01] take this funnel off, it's nice, clean, tidy, nothing drips
[00:26:05] over, I put it in place, then I think after about two days, when I lift the lid
[00:26:08] off, then you can see that it's like bread dough, bubbling very gently, now the gas
[00:26:12] goes
[00:26:13] on
[00:26:16] and then it can be lifted into place, and finally it goes through the lid with this stake
[00:26:20] into the ground, so that the stake holds it in place and also holds the lid on, so that the slugs
[00:26:24] don't take the house away, exactly, so that the slugs don't take the house away, and what is actually
[00:26:28] most important, firstly, that water doesn't get in, and that all sorts of
[00:26:32] curious hedgehogs and birds and all other possible animals don't get
[00:26:36] access to the contents. How often are they then refilled? During such a
[00:26:40] peak season, when there are really a lot of these slugs, then there is a three or four-day
[00:26:44] interval, I open the lid, the poison is almost eaten up,
[00:26:47] but at the same time, some traps, where there are fewer visitors, for example, at the end of the street, it's
[00:26:51] about a week and a bit longer before intervention is needed. What I have also discovered
[00:26:55] here is that these slugs, similarly to ants, have
[00:26:59] their own places where they move, this is probably where there are fewer stones or there are no
[00:27:03] roots in the way or the grass is shorter, so some traps
[00:27:06] are always emptied faster than
[00:27:07] others.
[00:27:11] During the day, Hendrik works with electric vehicles, and 3D
[00:27:14] printing has been helpful to him for a long time. While many
[00:27:18] people also play and perhaps make toys or some
[00:27:21] decorative items for themselves, for me, 3D printing is a tool
[00:27:24] for quickly making a prototype of something or some other
[00:27:28] tool, for example, a research fixture, if I'm making something out of wood,
[00:27:32] if... "I'm putting something somewhere, I also work
[00:27:35] in manufacturing, before we start manufacturing something, open expensive
[00:27:39] molds, then 3D printing just gives a very quick opportunity
[00:27:42] to hold prototypes and some product that doesn't
[00:27:45] exist.
[00:27:48] Currently, nine 3D printers are producing trap
[00:27:51] houses in Hendrik's garage. If everything goes smoothly, there are no
[00:27:54] problems, and I am also at home, my wife is at home, and I can
[00:27:58] empty the machines and refill them again, then it's
[00:28:01] doable to put 150 pieces into a box
[00:28:05] during the day. Can you get rich with such a
[00:28:08] slug house business? No, definitely not,
[00:28:11] I don't think I would do this to get rich very quickly, very
[00:28:15] to get rich, rather, I started it purely out of my own
[00:28:18] needs, and then it just went like this, that I see that people are
[00:28:22] helped by it, I want to offer
[00:28:24] people something to try that I invented myself and
[00:28:28] not pay extra for it. Aren't you afraid that someone will take your so-called...
[00:28:32] idea and start producing it cheaper somewhere, I don't know, in Asian countries,
[00:28:35] I can't protect myself against that, that, uh, I'm currently dealing with this
[00:28:39] design patent, I have submitted my
[00:28:41] drawings and handed them in, but in the end
[00:28:45] it's that if in Asia someone starts to copy my idea,
[00:28:48] then at least I can be proud as an engineer that my idea was so
[00:28:52] good that someone actually
[00:28:53] mass-produced it.