ESPRESO — broadcast
20261012 083000 UTC
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[00:00:00] we need to take
[00:00:02] their opinion into account, otherwise they will fight, well, in fact, even
[00:00:06] President Zelensky says, we will respond symmetrically to
[00:00:10] how Russia
[00:00:11] will act, this is this is a strange
[00:00:14] statement, well, this is also a question, either we respond
[00:00:18] symmetrically to them, or they respond symmetrically to us, in fact, our task
[00:00:22] is to make sure that they don't attack us,
[00:00:25] we don't need to respond to them symmetrically, non-symmetrically, we need to find
[00:00:28] such... branches that will prevent them from fighting further, that is,
[00:00:32] to bring their economy to its knees, their state to its knees and to do it in such a way that
[00:00:36] they do not rise as long as possible, so that they crawl on these
[00:00:39] knees, and then maybe they will leave us alone, because
[00:00:43] there are no other chances to believe that they will leave us alone in
[00:00:47] some real future, there are no such chances, well,
[00:00:50] they do not exist, well, and therefore, again, we return to
[00:00:54] the birthday boy, the birthday boy is simply an eloquent expression of all
[00:00:57] these, I would say...
[00:01:02] chauvinistic in Russia they would say "okhotnoryadchesky"
[00:01:05] tendencies, because there was Okhotny Ryad, it's a street in Moscow, I studied
[00:01:09] there, but when I didn't study there, before that
[00:01:12] there were meat shops in
[00:01:15] Okhotny Ryad, uh-huh, and these people who were in the meat shops, they are like
[00:01:18] people who supported Hitler in Germany, this is this social
[00:01:22] stratum, they were Black Hundreds, chauvinists, and they were ready to
[00:01:26] fight, well, you know, they knew how to work with an axe.
[00:01:30] so in our version,
[00:01:33] and
[00:01:36] they expressed all these chauvinistic
[00:01:39] popular sentiments, therefore these people were called, people like
[00:01:43] Putin, they would be called in Russia
[00:01:44] "okhotnoryadtsy",
[00:01:47] they were from this street Okhotny Ryad, and
[00:01:50] he is completely an exponent of
[00:01:53] this mentality, but no one said that the next Russian
[00:01:55] president will not be the same, because this is a popular
[00:01:59] mentality. Putin is just a person who
[00:02:03] expresses this popular mentality, and here
[00:02:06] the question is, his successor, who will be there someday,
[00:02:10] he will simply believe that Ukraine can be conquered
[00:02:14] by political, economic means, or it is necessary to fight further, this is all, this will be
[00:02:18] the dilemma that he will solve, just as
[00:02:22] Stalin's heirs, they were not going to continue the Korean
[00:02:25] war further, but they were going to confront the West differently, but this
[00:02:28] at least gave... a little respite to the West,
[00:02:31] for example, the same Estonia,
[00:02:35] at least, and
[00:02:38] still Estonia, I meant Finland of course, Finland, yes, well,
[00:02:41] and but, but I mean that we still have many
[00:02:45] examples in the 20th century, when one way or another
[00:02:49] death, it's early, it gave, opened some windows
[00:02:52] of opportunities, there are many examples from Franco
[00:02:56] to there and Salazar, to the same, after all, Stalin, after
[00:02:59] whom... the thaw, well, it began, but you see, all Russian
[00:03:03] thaws, unlike what happened after the death of Stalin and
[00:03:06] Salazar, it ended, well, and but there is the same North Korea,
[00:03:10] where in principle the death of a leader simply means the transfer
[00:03:14] of power by inheritance, but there is already actually a hereditary
[00:03:16] dynasty, here there is Lubyanka,
[00:03:20] so it can also turn out to be, conditionally speaking, a dynasty of a different
[00:03:23] nature, no one knows this to the
[00:03:26] end, well, that is, I have... a quite
[00:03:30] serious question, how much can we
[00:03:34] talk about what is happening
[00:03:37] with the Russian elite, and what it will be
[00:03:40] after Putin's departure, but now we need to think
[00:03:43] about how to live Russia with Putin's Russia, how
[00:03:47] much Putin's Russia
[00:03:50] is capable of backing away from the idea of war,
[00:03:54] but you see, is the current Russian system itself,
[00:03:58] which Putin built, is it not... over-centralized, well,
[00:04:01] this week we talked, in particular with the French
[00:04:05] young researcher Assin
[00:04:07] Clement Moline, who actually, what
[00:04:11] story happened now, if I understand correctly what
[00:04:14] happened, we now have a very successful offensive, which
[00:04:18] happened, among other things, also because Putin
[00:04:22] is constantly lied to about very great successes, and since they are constantly
[00:04:25] lying about great successes, then accordingly their units
[00:04:29] supposedly end up... on the maps already in completely different
[00:04:32] territories, accordingly this
[00:04:35] stretches all their logistics, because
[00:04:39] they somehow have to respond to what they declare, and simply makes them
[00:04:42] vulnerable at the front, that is, in fact, the lies that
[00:04:46] are built, they make them weak, but these are
[00:04:49] lies, all this performance is actually for one spectator, for
[00:04:52] Putin, and therefore his death perhaps should have had some
[00:04:56] certain consequences, well, again, this is...
[00:05:01] a conversation about some such things that can happen, maybe it will happen in 10 years,
[00:05:04] and the most important thing is different, are
[00:05:07] you sure that another person will want to receive truthful
[00:05:10] information about what is happening.
[00:05:13] The first candidate to receive truthful information should have been
[00:05:16] Putin himself. He is a career officer of the Federal Security Service of the Russian
[00:05:20] Federation, before that, the Committee of State Security of the USSR. Well, in principle, he
[00:05:24] didn't serve in the FSB, he served in the KGB. Uh-huh. All
[00:05:27] employees of the Committee for State Security of the USSR knew
[00:05:30] that the leadership only wanted such distilled information, that
[00:05:34] party workers do not like it when they are told
[00:05:37] the truth. This
[00:05:41] is quite important
[00:05:44] moment,
[00:05:46] which
[00:05:49] uh, one way or another, is connected
[00:05:51] with, uh-huh,
[00:05:55] a real,
[00:05:58] real, I would say,
[00:06:01] such a,
[00:06:04] turn in the situation
[00:06:08] of the Russian leadership, a person from the KGB comes, who knows
[00:06:10] that subordinates always lie, uh-huh, well, she should
[00:06:14] have told them: listen, I am not a party worker, I am not from
[00:06:18] Yeltsin's school, I am one of you, don't lie to me,
[00:06:21] but this is happening, well, simply Trump has his
[00:06:24] accounts, he clearly writes something there
[00:06:27] himself, I don't know, Medvedev has his accounts, Zelensky has his
[00:06:31] accounts, everyone has their accounts, Joe Biden, Putin, Putin
[00:06:34] is an old school person, he doesn't want to write in accounts, he rules
[00:06:37] the country differently, well, and the question is, in the 21st century, can you
[00:06:40] relevantly and... and understand what is happening
[00:06:44] if you are completely excluded from social networks, do you not then become
[00:06:47] an object of manipulation? Well, by the way, Trump writes in his
[00:06:51] accounts, right now Trump's new statement, I don't know
[00:06:55] if you saw it? Zelensky wants to create problems for the whole
[00:06:58] world, he could have ended the war many times. It's time for Ukraine
[00:07:02] to choose a new leader. Here are much
[00:07:06] more interesting
[00:07:08] statements.
[00:07:14] than
[00:07:15] the statement
[00:07:18] about barrels of oil, well, and here I just
[00:07:22] fantasize, if Roosevelt, for example, somewhere
[00:07:25] in the year forty says that Jews generally
[00:07:28] create a lot of problems for the world, they could have, well,
[00:07:32] for example, or Churchill, or Churchill, figure it out
[00:07:35] somehow,
[00:07:39] this is, this is, this is also, this is, this is new, actually, well, let's say
[00:07:42] this: Trump was offended by the
[00:07:46] Nobel Committee for not giving him the Nobel
[00:07:49] Prize and
[00:07:52] imposed sanctions against the International Criminal Court, because Navalny
[00:07:56] Oredka is a judge of the International Criminal
[00:08:00] Court.
[00:08:02] Now
[00:08:04] Zelensky said that it is a weak decision to negotiate with
[00:08:08] Putin about diesel. Trump was offended by Zelensky.
[00:08:14] Just yesterday he was saying how wonderful Zelensky is and so
[00:08:17] on, but now
[00:08:20] he is talking about a new leader
[00:08:24] of Ukraine, and this is actually the way to what, to
[00:08:28] a refusal, a refusal to help
[00:08:31] Ukraine, Ukraine says, what new leader, what are you even
[00:08:34] talking about, let's hold elections during a truce with Russia,
[00:08:37] in which there will be a new
[00:08:41] leader.
[00:08:44] Oh, so, you don't want a new leader, you don't want to listen to
[00:08:47] the United
[00:08:48] States,
[00:08:54] to be honest, recently international
[00:08:58] politics has been turning into some kind of really operetta of not very good
[00:09:01] quality, and I can only repeat what we have said many times,
[00:09:05] perhaps the problem is that the United States, despite the fact that they certainly
[00:09:08] have every right to consider themselves
[00:09:11] such a...
[00:09:12] we
[00:09:16] are a democratic-style democratic country for the world, but perhaps their system is simply outdated and we see
[00:09:20] that the system gives extremely great
[00:09:23] powers to one person, the winner of the elections,
[00:09:27] it, it, it seems in the 21st century simply works
[00:09:30] worse and worse, that's all I can say in this
[00:09:34] case, gentlemen, I think that perhaps we will now go for a short
[00:09:38] break and then continue, stay with
[00:09:40] us.
[00:09:57] Espresso, together with the charitable foundation Lyudyna i Pravo, asks for your support
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[00:15:46] Now the main thing: Information and analytical show about
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[00:16:57] Good morning. Dear friends, we and Roman Chaika said almost in unison. The beginning of each new
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[00:18:06] No matter how much Moscow tried to spread and affirm
[00:18:09] the myth that Russians and Ukrainians are one people, history
[00:18:13] says the opposite: every generation of Ukrainians from
[00:18:17] princely times to the present day in one way or another
[00:18:20] fought against Moscow. Here we will talk about five
[00:18:23] victories of the Ukrainian army over
[00:18:26] Muscovites. My name is Myroslav Vysochansky and this is
[00:18:29] the "Historical Fact" program on FM
[00:18:32] Galicia.
[00:18:37] At the beginning of the 16th century, Eastern Europe was an arena of many
[00:18:41] wars, in particular, the Moscow principality sought to expand
[00:18:45] its influence on the lands that were part of the Grand Duchy
[00:18:48] of Lithuania, Rus', and Samogitia. That was the name of
[00:18:51] the united state at that time, which included
[00:18:54] Lithuanian, Belarusian, and Ukrainian lands.
[00:18:58] In 1514, Moscow troops,
[00:19:01] after several weeks of siege, captured the city of
[00:19:04] Smolensk. Then Lithuania decided to respond with
[00:19:07] a campaign. Hetman Kostiantyn Ostrozky,
[00:19:11] a Ruthenian, that is,
[00:19:14] a Ukrainian prince from Volhynia, was entrusted with commanding
[00:19:18] the army. He was a representative of one of the most influential and
[00:19:22] wealthiest Orthodox dynasties of that time, which traced
[00:19:25] its lineage from the princes of Rus'.
[00:19:29] Under his command, a significant army gathered, which could reach
[00:19:32] over 20,000. Among the warriors were not only
[00:19:36] Lithuanians, but also a significant number of Ruthenians from
[00:19:39] Ukrainian lands, particularly from Volhynia, Kyiv region, and
[00:19:43] Podillia. Separate regiments were formed from Ruthenian, that is,
[00:19:46] Ukrainian gentry. The numerical strength
[00:19:49] of the Moscow army is also unknown, but everyone agrees that it had
[00:19:53] a significant numerical superiority. Some assume that
[00:19:56] there could have been as many as 80 thousand. Both armies
[00:20:00] met near the city of Orsha. Ostrozky,
[00:20:03] using his knowledge of the terrain, positioned his troops so
[00:20:07] as to... trap the Moscow regiments between the Dnieper
[00:20:10] and the swamps. Limiting their maneuver, the battle
[00:20:14] began with an artillery barrage.
[00:20:17] Lithuanian-Polish cannons had an advantage and inflicted
[00:20:20] heavy losses. Then heavy cavalry, including detachments
[00:20:24] of Ukrainian and Belarusian boyars, launched a flanking
[00:20:27] attack. The Hetman hid part of the troops in an ambush,
[00:20:31] striking at the decisive moment.
[00:20:34] Moscow regiments began to retreat to the crossing over
[00:20:38] the Dnieper, where panic turned into a complete catastrophe. The crossing
[00:20:41] was destroyed, many warriors died in the water, and
[00:20:44] the Moscow voivode and many boyars were taken
[00:20:48] prisoner.
[00:20:52] From princely times we move to Cossack times. The Battle of
[00:20:55] Konotop in 1659.
[00:20:58] After the death of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the young Ukrainian Cossack
[00:21:02] state experienced a period of instability, which historians
[00:21:05] later called the Ruin. Moscow sought to take advantage of this
[00:21:09] situation. First, it supported the anti-Hetman uprising
[00:21:13] of Pushker and Barbash in Poltava and on the Sich. But when
[00:21:16] Vyhovsky managed to suppress it, the Muscovites decided to launch
[00:21:20] an open large-scale war against Ukraine. The main forces
[00:21:23] of the opponents would meet in the area of the modern city of Konotop, in
[00:21:27] Sumy region. The Crimean
[00:21:30] Tatars became allies of the Hetman's troops. Initially, Vyhovsky's
[00:21:33] Cossacks repelled the attacks of the significantly
[00:21:36] superior Moscow army. And then, together with the Tatars,
[00:21:39] they launched a counterattack, destroying the main forces
[00:21:43] of the enemy. In the future, Russian historians would
[00:21:45] write that after these events, the tsar
[00:21:49] ordered the construction of defensive ditches around Moscow, and he
[00:21:52] himself was going to go beyond the Volga. To
[00:21:56] better understand the scale of the Ukrainian victory and
[00:21:59] the Moscow tragedy, it is worth listening to one
[00:22:02] of the quotes: the cavalry of Moscow, which
[00:22:05] had made successful campaigns
[00:22:07] in 1654-55,
[00:22:09] perished in one day, and never
[00:22:13] again after that was the Moscow Tsar
[00:22:17] able to lead into the field such a...
[00:22:20] large army. This is how Russian historians wrote about the Battle of Konotop
[00:22:23] in the 19th century, and then
[00:22:27] they decided that it was better not to mention it at all, because
[00:22:31] these events clearly do not fit into Russian
[00:22:33] propaganda, which constantly claims that
[00:22:36] Ukrainians wanted unity with their
[00:22:40] "brotherly" (in quotation marks) Russian people.
[00:22:44] The next victory took place after many centuries of occupation,
[00:22:47] when Ukrainians finally gained
[00:22:51] freedom. During the Ukrainian Revolution, a secret
[00:22:54] special operation of the UNR to de-occupy Crimea took place. In April
[00:22:57] 1918, Ukrainian troops carried out
[00:23:01] an impressive military maneuver. While diplomats were negotiating
[00:23:04] borders in Brest, the Bolsheviks occupied Crimea and began
[00:23:07] a bloody terror there. A part of
[00:23:11] the UNR troops, led by Bolbochan, received a secret
[00:23:14] verbal directive from Kyiv: to preempt
[00:23:17] the German allies and liberate the peninsula
[00:23:20] solely by Ukrainian forces. The key obstacle was
[00:23:24] the Chongar bridge. The Bolsheviks completely mined
[00:23:27] it, equipped artillery and concrete
[00:23:30] machine gun nests. But the Ukrainian colonel, Petro
[00:23:33] Bolbochan, devised a plan. A storming group
[00:23:37] on motor rail cars sped across the bridge at such
[00:23:40] speed that the enemy simply did not have time to blow up all the mines.
[00:23:44] The detachment instantly dispersed the guards and deactivated
[00:23:47] the explosives. Without a single fallen soldier, Chongar
[00:23:50] was in Ukrainian hands. The rapid offensive shocked
[00:23:54] both the Bolsheviks and the German allies.
[00:23:57] Within a few days, Bolbochan's Zaporozhians occupied
[00:24:00] Dzhankoi, Simferopol, and Bakhchysarai, where they were
[00:24:03] enthusiastically met by the local population, especially
[00:24:07] Crimean Tatars. And already on April 29,
[00:24:10] the Black Sea Fleet in Sevastopol raised the Ukrainian
[00:24:14] flag. This was a lightning victory of Ukrainian
[00:24:17] arms.
[00:24:20] From the times of the First World War, we move to the
[00:24:23] second. January 1945. Soviet authorities
[00:24:26] sent significant forces to storm the village of Kosmach in Ivano-Frankivsk
[00:24:30] region. This place was one of the main centers
[00:24:34] of the UPA. The Chekists decided to advance on the village from
[00:24:37] three directions. UPA hundreds held the defense, but
[00:24:40] later received an order to retreat to
[00:24:43] the mountains. However, a few hours later, the insurgents suddenly attacked
[00:24:47] the positions of the invaders. The UPA began to
[00:24:51] fire machine gun and mortar fire at the center of Kosmach. Fierce battles lasted three days,
[00:24:55] as a result of which the punitive forces found themselves in a tight
[00:24:58] encirclement. The NKVD ran out of supplies and ammunition,
[00:25:02] so to save the garrison, they sent a radiogram with
[00:25:06] a demand to immediately send reinforcements. It was decided
[00:25:10] to send a regiment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel
[00:25:13] Derhachov. Having intercepted this signal,
[00:25:16] the Ukrainian command learned in advance
[00:25:20] about the enemy's plans and ordered the fighters to block
[00:25:22] the Kolomyia-Kosmach road, the leadership was taken over
[00:25:26] by Myroslav Symchych, under the pseudonym
[00:25:29] Kryvonis. He carefully studied the terrain and
[00:25:33] chose an ideal position for an ambush. The UPA destroyed
[00:25:37] the bridge across the river, completely cutting off possible routes
[00:25:40] of retreat and maneuver for the Soviet punitive forces. In
[00:25:44] early February, a convoy of trucks, packed with
[00:25:47] military equipment and soldiers themselves,
[00:25:50] reached the destroyed crossing. Seeing the absence of a bridge,
[00:25:54] the equipment stopped, and at that moment, Symchych
[00:25:58] ordered to open fire. All
[00:26:00] ended with the rout of the column and... the elimination of a significant number of
[00:26:04] Chekist officers, including Lieutenant Colonel
[00:26:08] Dergachov. According to Myroslav
[00:26:11] Symchych's own memoirs, in this battle, over
[00:26:15] 400 NKVD members were eliminated. However,
[00:26:17] due to the arrival of Soviet reinforcements, the insurgent company
[00:26:21] retreated. The UPA's own losses in this operation, according to
[00:26:24] various data, amounted to from three to 12
[00:26:28] soldiers. A few years later, Symchych was captured and
[00:26:31] spent a total of over 32 years in prison. In
[00:26:35] 2017, he was rehabilitated, and in
[00:26:38] 2022, he received the title of Hero
[00:26:41] of Ukraine. In total, the hero of the battle for Kosmach
[00:26:44] lived for 100 years and, despite his
[00:26:48] respectable age, until the very end, he yearned to go to the front
[00:26:52] of the Russian-Ukrainian war.
[00:26:55] Modernity. Although Ukrainians beat Muscovites in
[00:26:58] different eras, and in our time, the Armed Forces of Ukraine
[00:27:02] are... it seems, the best. One of
[00:27:05] the examples is the Slobozhanskyi counteroffensive in September 2022.
[00:27:08] This operation led to the liberation of Kharkiv Oblast from Russian
[00:27:12] occupiers. The success on the battlefield was preceded by extensive
[00:27:15] disinformation work. The Ukrainian command convinced
[00:27:19] the invaders that our main efforts would be
[00:27:21] focused on the south. At the same time, Kyiv
[00:27:25] was simultaneously coordinating new aid packages with
[00:27:28] partners. In particular, the appearance of American HIMARS at the front allowed
[00:27:32] for the destruction of the enemy's rear arsenals.
[00:27:35] The rapid operation in Kharkiv Oblast caught
[00:27:38] the Kremlin command by surprise and demonstrated
[00:27:42] the complete confusion of the occupation
[00:27:45] troops. Ukrainian military personnel covered dozens
[00:27:48] of kilometers per day, constantly pushing back the enemy. The main blow
[00:27:52] fell on key logistical hubs: Balakliia,
[00:27:55] Kupiansk, and Izium. Faced with
[00:27:59] inevitable encirclement, the enemy abandoned weapons and
[00:28:02] ammunition worth millions of dollars, escaping in
[00:28:05] a panicked flight. In a matter of days, the Ukrainian army
[00:28:09] de-occupied about 3800
[00:28:12] km and more than 300 villages and towns.
[00:28:16] In just one week, the blue and yellow flag was raised over
[00:28:19] Balakliia, Kupiansk, and Izium. During
[00:28:23] the Ukrainian offensive, elite enemy units suffered
[00:28:26] an irreparable defeat, including the famous
[00:28:30] Russian paratroopers. The list
[00:28:32] of Ukrainian victories over the Muscovite-Soviet occupiers
[00:28:36] can be continued for a long time. What is the value of
[00:28:38] Sahaidachnyi's campaign to Moscow or, for example, the Kurdish
[00:28:42] operation? But all these are victories in
[00:28:45] battles, and history must
[00:28:48] definitely be replenished with victory in the war.
[00:29:39] engines for medivacs, servicemen of the special forces
[00:29:42] operations protecting our country in the eastern
[00:29:45] direction. The enemy put out of action cars that are
[00:29:49] used for evacuating the wounded from the combat
[00:29:52] line. So we ask for help with fundraising.
[00:29:56] Without our help, our female paramedics will not
[00:29:59] cope. Let's help save the lives of our wounded
[00:30:03] defenders
[00:30:04] together.