FRANCE24 — broadcast 20260808 000000 UTC 450 transcript segments Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (https://www.gdeltproject.org/), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive. Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record. [00:00:00] Zoe's Ark to watch on [00:00:02] France 24. [00:00:07] Welcome to this new news report, here are the headlines of your [00:00:10] night edition. The President of Colombia officially [00:00:14] invested Abellardo de la Espria. She took an oath more than a [00:00:17] month after her narrow victory against the left-wing candidate. This [00:00:21] new figure of the far right promises to [00:00:25] this Chadian subsidiary of build giant prisons, to bomb drug traffickers and to reduce state [00:00:28] services. [00:00:30] has suffered in recent months from attacks by The conflict continues between [00:00:33] Spain and Italy after the crisis in Ceuta and Rome's reaction, which implemented [00:00:37] passenger controls on arrivals from the Iberian Peninsula. [00:00:41] Madrid, in turn, imposes controls on travelers coming [00:00:43] from Italy. [00:00:46] And then Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey sign a [00:00:50] mutual defense pact. Any armed attack [00:00:53] against one of these countries will be considered an attack against all, [00:00:56] a warning for Iran and the United States. The look of... attention [00:01:00] in the region has accelerated the project. [00:01:03] United States has with the countries in [00:01:14] The far right has therefore taken the reins of power in Colombia. The new president [00:01:18] took office in Cali, in the heart of a city marked by attacks [00:01:22] claimed by guerrillas, a symbol for someone who openly threatens the [00:01:27] a NATO member, also seeks to peace process initiated by his predecessor, Loik Chalavon. [00:01:32] From the King of Spain, Felipe VI, to the Argentine President, Javier [00:01:35] Milei, and even the head of FIFA, Gianni [00:01:38] Secretary of State for Human and dedication. The association Infantino, they were all gathered this Friday in Cali for [00:01:41] the inauguration of the new Colombian [00:01:43] president. [00:01:50] Normally, the inauguration of a Colombian president takes place in the capital Bogota, [00:01:54] but not with Abellardo de la Espria. The 48-year-old millionaire [00:01:57] lawyer, a political novice, chose Cali, the third largest city in the country, where [00:02:01] attacks recently took place. The city is guarded by [00:02:04] more than 11,000 soldiers, a symbol, because the new far-right president [00:02:08] promises a strong approach to fight against armed groups and drug [00:02:11] trafficking. A program completely different from that of his left-wing [00:02:15] predecessor Gustavo Petro, absent from the ceremony, who had tried to negotiate [00:02:19] the disarmament of the guerrillas. There [00:02:22] orphans. The Zoe's Ark will be no false peace process, the only possible peace is that imposed by [00:02:25] arms. Any bandit who does not submit will be eliminated. I warned [00:02:29] you. For this, Colombia can count on the support of the [00:02:33] United States and Israel, whose [00:02:36] it was representatives were present at the inauguration ceremony. The rise to power of Abellardo de la Espriea [00:02:40] shifts Latin America even further to the right, engaged in an [00:02:45] the dissolution of the anti-drug war led by Donald Trump. The American president promised excellent relations between [00:02:48] Bogota and Washington after the deep tensions under the Petro [00:02:52] government. Spain is implementing controls on [00:02:56] travelers arriving from Italy. These measures concern flights and boats. [00:03:00] victims, victims of Zoe's Madrid's decision was taken in response to similar measures [00:03:03] decreed by Italy after the influx of migrants into the enclave of [00:03:06] Ceuta. Louis [00:03:07] Chalavon. [00:03:11] In front of this police station, there are dozens of unaccompanied minors waiting [00:03:15] their turn to be identified and placed in a [00:03:18] reception center. These young adolescents have been living on the streets for several [00:03:22] days, in more than [00:03:24] precarious conditions. [00:03:26] They ate, washed themselves as best they could, and asked people for help. [00:03:30] Some gave them €1, others bread. That's how they get [00:03:34] by day by day. It is [00:03:36] estimated that more than 1,100 unaccompanied minors are [00:03:39] in Ceuta. Local authorities are doing everything possible to take care of [00:03:43] these minors and manage the approximately 2,000 migrants who are still in [00:03:46] the enclave, according to figures from the Spanish Ministry of Interior. [00:03:50] On the diplomatic front, the war of words continues between Spain and [00:03:53] Italy. Madrid threatens to apply retaliatory measures against [00:03:58] what the association's members claimed Rome if Italy does not reverse its decision to suspend the free movement with Spain before [00:04:01] Sunday. On July 31st, Italian Prime Minister [00:04:05] Giorgia Meloni announced the strengthening of controls at land [00:04:09] we simply want to spark that little spark that will provoke a debate and hopefully open a big international debate on the subject, but in 2008 on the set of borders. We call on the Italian government to [00:04:12] reconsider its position, to end controls and to treat [00:04:15] Spaniards like other European citizens. If it does not [00:04:19] do so by the end of Sunday, August 9th, Spain [00:04:24] reduce state will be forced to adopt proportional measures to protect the interests and dignity of its [00:04:28] citizens. Italy says it does not want to give in to any [00:04:32] ultimatum. In a statement, the Italian government [00:04:35] indicates that it is maintaining the suspension of the Schengen agreement with Spain [00:04:39] at least until August [00:04:40] He doesn't seem to realize that he 15th. Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey [00:04:44] have signed a defense pact. The agreement aims to strengthen [00:04:47] military deterrence in a context of renewed [00:04:50] regional tension (explanations from Alice [00:04:53] Broga). [00:04:56] To seal their alliance, they chose Mecca, side by [00:04:59] side. The leaders of Saudi Arabia, Turkey and [00:05:02] Pakistan attend Friday prayers at the Grand Mosque. Three Sunni [00:05:05] regional powers that share [00:05:09] maritime or land borders with Iran. [00:05:13] Perceived as a threat, so Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin [00:05:16] Salman, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and Pakistani [00:05:20] Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif signed a defense [00:05:24] pact on Friday. The agreement aims to strengthen collective [00:05:27] deterrence against any act of aggression and stipulates that any [00:05:30] armed attack against one of the three states will be considered an attack [00:05:34] against all. A mechanism whose solidity could [00:05:37] be tested very quickly by Saudi Arabia. The kingdom [00:05:43] Iran and its proxies, such as the Houthis in Yemen, who have recently [00:05:46] multiplied strikes against Saudi targets. Riyadh, [00:05:50] Ankara and Islamabad, who have been involved in recent weeks to try to [00:05:54] resolve the conflict between the United States and Iran, are also [00:05:57] seeking to diversify their defense in the face of an American [00:06:01] partner deemed increasingly unreliable. [00:06:05] The other factor is distrust of American security guarantees. [00:06:08] It must be clear, it is not an alternative to the [00:06:12] security relationship that the [00:06:16] the region, but a complement. Indeed, while the [00:06:19] United States remains indispensable for many regional [00:06:22] actors. They are also perceived as unreliable and [00:06:25] unpredictable. [00:06:28] If Saudi Arabia and Pakistan are already linked by a defense [00:06:31] agreement, the inclusion of Turkey in this new pact was [00:06:35] precipitated by the war in the Middle East. Turkey, [00:06:39] gain influence and attract investors. [00:06:45] Will Volodymyr Zelensky's latest trip be considered [00:06:49] an affront to Russia? The Ukrainian president is in Serbia [00:06:53] for the first time since coming to power. It must be said that Belgrade has [00:06:56] never aligned itself with European sanctions against Moscow. For [00:07:00] Serbia, this visit is also a way to send a signal to the Baltic [00:07:03] countries, which are freezing their EU accession process due to its [00:07:07] relations with Russia, but also to reassure European states that [00:07:11] are concerned about the decline of democracy in the country. [00:07:13] pays. [00:07:17] Taiwan has been conducting military exercises since Wednesday to simulate a [00:07:20] Chinese invasion. These exercises, which last 10 days, were held at [00:07:24] Bal Reel on a beach on Kinmen Island, just [00:07:27] 6 km from the shores of China. Our correspondent [00:07:31] Suzanne Duroi de Sudirot went there. [00:07:33] place. [00:07:42] What you just heard is the Taiwanese army training [00:07:45] for a scenario of invasion by the Chinese [00:07:48] army on this small island of Kinmen. This Taiwanese [00:07:52] territory is located only 6 km from China and here you [00:07:56] can see on the shores Taiwanese tanks [00:07:59] practicing live fire. They will aim at [00:08:03] targets that are there in the background in the sea as you [00:08:06] can see. So, Kinmen, like the rest of the country, is training, these are national [00:08:10] military exercises. And [00:08:13] Kinmen in particular is exposed [00:08:17] to China due to its proximity. It had already been the subject [00:08:21] of an attempted landing in 1949. So [00:08:25] today, could China invade this small [00:08:28] territory again? The strategic and military stake is [00:08:31] colossal and ultimately, perhaps strategists [00:08:34] believe that directly invading the main island of [00:08:37] Taiwan is perhaps much more pertinent for [00:08:40] China. Forecasters announce a new heatwave in [00:08:44] France. 12 departments are on orange alert this [00:08:47] Saturday. Heatwaves are occurring at an unprecedented [00:08:51] rate in France and also in parts of Europe. Repeated [00:08:55] heatwaves, persistent drought, [00:08:57] Austria, Croatia and Slovakia, temperatures have exceeded 41 degrees. [00:09:01] 41°anaji. [00:09:06] With the drought and repeated heatwaves, the waters [00:09:09] of the Danube are experiencing... [00:09:42] during the day, it's very restrictive. [00:09:46] Slovakia and neighboring Austria recorded absolute temperature [00:09:50] records this week, more than 41 degrees in some [00:09:53] places. After a particularly hot and [00:09:56] dry July, residents and shopkeepers fear a scorching [00:09:59] August, as the drought is [00:10:03] widespread and the concrete shopping streets are [00:10:06] shunned by tourists and the few passers-by. [00:10:09] passants. [00:10:12] I have a doctor's appointment, that's why we are outside, otherwise with this [00:10:16] weather I would have stayed at home with my [00:10:18] child. [00:10:21] In Croatia, they chose to shelter in nature. [00:10:56] A word on cycling now, this Friday, the 7th stage of the Tour de France [00:10:59] had an appointment with Mont Ventoux. The Polish [00:11:02] Kasia Niewiadoma took the yellow jersey after [00:11:05] winning solo with a 15-second lead over the [00:11:09] Dutch Demi Vollering and a 39-second lead over the Swiss [00:11:13] Marlen Reusser. The French Cédrine Kerbaol finished [00:11:16] 7th at 4 minutes, and is 6th in the general [00:11:20] classification. Disappointment, however, for Pauline Ferrand-Prévot [00:11:24] at more than... 10 minutes, 18th at the finish [00:11:27] and 14th in the general [00:11:28] classification. [00:11:32] That's the end of this news report, we'll be back in just over 15 minutes, the information [00:11:36] continues on France 24 and France Info, see you soon. [00:11:59] Its slogan was courage [00:12:03] Zoe's Ark was created to help orphaned [00:12:06] children. Yet, it will be remembered mainly for a [00:12:10] resounding scandal, an attempted abduction [00:12:13] of African children. In 2007, the association launched a [00:12:17] campaign to evacuate 10,000 orphans from the war-torn Darfur [00:12:20] region in Sudan, to place them in foster families in [00:12:24] France. But on October 25, six members including the [00:12:27] founder of Zoe's Ark, Eric Breteau, and his partner, Emilie [00:12:31] Lelouch, were arrested in Chad as they were about to put [00:12:34] 103 children on a plane, presented as originating from [00:12:38] Darfur. Except that most of these [00:12:41] minors were actually Chadian and many of them were not [00:12:47] team was accused of attempted abduction and [00:12:50] sentenced by the Chadian justice system to 8 years of hard [00:12:53] labor. Taken to France, they were finally pardoned [00:12:57] by the Chadian president and still proclaim their [00:13:00] innocence. But the French justice system, in turn, opened [00:13:03] a trial and in 2013 sentenced Breteau and Lelouch to 2 years in [00:13:07] prison with a suspended sentence and ordered [00:13:10] association. Nearly 20 years after the events, what has become of the [00:13:13] main protagonists of this case? The victims and their [00:13:17] families are still waiting for the compensation ordered by [00:13:20] the court. Bill's report on Zoe's Ark is a report by Arol. [00:13:39] In total, we were 103 [00:13:43] Ark. We come from different [00:13:46] backgrounds. There are victims who come from [00:13:49] Biltin. [00:13:52] biltin, [00:13:55] Almost all the children concerned are today in towns in eastern [00:13:58] Chad, less than 10% live in the [00:14:01] capital. [00:14:06] Adam is Chadian, he is 23 years old, he was 5 when [00:14:09] the Zoe's Ark association wanted to send him to France with [00:14:12] 102 other children. He was supposed to be welcomed by French [00:14:16] families who thought they were taking care of orphans from the Darfur [00:14:20] region of Sudan. This is [00:14:23] at the time. [00:14:27] "We even created a WhatsApp group, I'm the representative in the [00:14:30] capital, so I have to go back and forth to the east of the country like [00:14:34] today, it's exhausting but I'm holding [00:14:36] on. [00:14:39] Good evening, how [00:14:40] are you? [00:14:46] Here, Adam is eagerly awaited, because he [00:14:50] is the one who has been fighting for years for the victims of Zoe's Ark to be [00:14:54] compensated as the Chadian justice system decided in [00:14:57] 2007. [00:15:04] That day, he gathered several parents to explain to them where his efforts [00:15:08] stood. [00:15:16] The court had clearly specified that for the child to be entitled to damages, [00:15:20] they had to be 18 years old. Time has [00:15:23] passed, we are now of age, we are adults [00:15:26] today. The events took place 18 years ago, [00:15:30] but this father of a child who almost got taken to France, remembers [00:15:34] it as if it were yesterday. It was [00:15:37] only after Eid and the end of Ramadan that we were told that our [00:15:40] children had been stolen and taken [00:15:42] to Abeche. We immediately came here to [00:15:45] Adré and found their luggage on the ground. [00:15:49] For 3-4 days we searched for our children everywhere, I don't even know if [00:15:53] we ate, we didn't stop for a minute. We [00:15:57] finally went to Abeche and that's where we found our children in [00:16:00] Madame's house, it's an [00:16:02] orphanage. [00:16:06] This other father, he... [00:16:37] would be like this for 5 years, we were [00:16:40] happy. [00:16:44] All the parents we met affirm that at the time, the association promised [00:16:48] them that the children would benefit from religious education, a [00:16:51] strong argument in this conservative Muslim region of Chad. [00:17:08] At the time, Zoe's Ark association gathered Adam and other [00:17:12] children in this building in the city center of Adré, transformed into [00:17:15] a boarding school in 2007. Today, Adam does not remember [00:17:19] having passed through here. It is Ibrahim Oubali, the father of another [00:17:22] child victim met on his arrival, who takes [00:17:25] him there. [00:17:29] You see this wall, it didn't exist before. [00:17:33] This one too, they added it. They've changed almost everything [00:17:35] here. This is the school where all the children [00:17:39] taken in by Zoe's Ark were gathered. They were all [00:17:42] here and from there they were taken to Adré airport [00:17:46] to then be taken to Abéché. [00:17:49] That's what we said to ourselves, it's in the city center, in plain sight of [00:17:53] everyone, we never suspected for a second that this story [00:17:56] would end like this. The authorities knew about this [00:17:59] place, it wasn't a hidden project. We thought it [00:18:03] was a real school. People who didn't know our story [00:18:06] talked a lot. They said: "You sold your [00:18:09] children," but who sells their child? It's because [00:18:13] we were promised an education that we [00:18:15] accepted. [00:18:24] At the trial of the members of Zoe's Ark in Chad, one of the Chadian [00:18:27] intermediaries of the association, responsible for spotting and then bringing the [00:18:31] children to its premises, confessed to having passed off some sixty [00:18:34] Chadian minors as Sudanese orphans from Darfur. [00:18:38] But what is the explanation for the other children? According to the list drawn up [00:18:42] by the Chadian state, which we were able to consult, only 5 [00:18:46] of the 103 children concerned by the case were indeed [00:18:49] of Sudanese origin. The founder of Zoe's Ark, Eric [00:18:53] Breteau, assures that he did not know that the vast [00:18:56] majority of the children were Chadian and that he did not know [00:18:59] either that many were not orphans. He also claims [00:19:02] not to have wanted to have these children adopted, that he simply [00:19:05] wanted to evacuate them to France to force Paris to address the Darfur [00:19:09] problem. This is what he explains in this video [00:19:13] produced by his association a few months before his [00:19:16] arrest. The fact of evacuating children from Darfur to [00:19:20] our country is to import part of the problem into our country, so it [00:19:23] obliges the political world to react to that and it [00:19:27] obliges the political world to react to French public [00:19:30] opinion. That's what we're trying to do, we have no [00:19:33] claim to be changing the world, we're not idealists. [00:19:46] the show "On n'est pas couché" on France 2, Eric Breteau [00:19:50] admits that he did not tell the whole truth. No, but the people who entrusted you with the [00:19:53] children, they knew they were going to France, yes or no? Yes or no? No, it's [00:19:57] clandestine. [00:20:03] solicited, did not wish to answer our questions, but thanks [00:20:07] to Adam, we meet Hamza, one of the child [00:20:10] victims of Zoe's Ark who says he has exchanged messages with the [00:20:14] association's founder. [00:20:17] discussed with the main person involved in this [00:20:20] case. [00:20:24] I spoke with one of the kidnappers. His name is [00:20:27] Eric Bret. He seems to think that their operation was [00:20:31] normal and that they came to help us. For them, they didn't kidnap [00:20:35] anyone. [00:20:39] Hamza agrees to let us read the messages Eric [00:20:42] Breteau sent him: "If the person who brought you to us lied by saying [00:20:46] that you were an orphan, I can unfortunately do nothing about it. You probably [00:20:49] have a birth certificate and identity documents to explain where you were born [00:20:53] and who your parents are. At the time, I didn't have them." For [00:20:57] Hamza, Eric Breteau's line of defense is not [00:21:00] satisfactory. [00:21:03] If the person recognizes their mistakes and asks for [00:21:05] forgiveness, then you know they have [00:21:08] evolved. But if that same person refuses [00:21:11] to admit their wrongs and continues to defend their case by [00:21:15] saying "I didn't commit kidnapping, we are telling the [00:21:18] truth," then you cannot [00:21:20] forgive. [00:21:25] Before, when I heard about this story, it made me furious. [00:21:28] moi. [00:21:37] people who don't want our good. Today, now that I'm [00:21:40] grown up, I know that not all white people are [00:21:43] the same. [00:22:00] So what role did France play in this affair, while several [00:22:04] of its nationals were organizing this evacuation operation [00:22:08] from Chadian soil? The association even benefited [00:22:10] from French military flights to move around inside the country. Another [00:22:14] less known element, Eric Broteau and his partner Emilie [00:22:18] Lelouch [00:22:20] were summoned several months before their arrest in Chad by [00:22:24] the office of Rama Yade, their [00:22:28] Rights. A man took over the case, Eric [00:22:32] Walter, former advisor to Rama Yade. We were able to [00:22:35] meet him. [00:22:40] Their project was totally illegal from A to Z, of course. Eric Walter [00:22:44] explains to us that the French intelligence services had detected an [00:22:48] irregular humanitarian activity. Yesterday they reported [00:22:51] the information, hence this summons of Eric Breteau and [00:22:55] Emilie Lelouch and they both arrive. The meeting is extremely [00:22:58] tense. I remember a real, [00:23:02] a genuine, latent aggression, not [00:23:05] physical, of course, but from them, [00:23:07] a lot of tension. In all good faith, we tried [00:23:11] to explain to them what they could do and what they could not [00:23:14] do. Once again, adoption, they couldn't do that, it was [00:23:17] simple. [00:23:21] But they never admitted that [00:23:26] adoption, and so nothing [00:23:29] could deter them [00:23:32] or dissuade them from [00:23:36] undertaking the action they had begun to undertake. That's what I [00:23:40] remember. [00:23:43] The French members of Zoe's Ark were sentenced for attempted child [00:23:47] abduction by the Chadian justice system to 8 years of hard [00:23:50] labor, but also to pay more than 6 million euros to the [00:23:54] victims. They were then transferred to France, then [00:23:57] pardoned by the Chadian [00:23:59] president. [00:24:04] The sixty children with whom Adam is in contact have never received [00:24:08] compensation. He wants to gather as many testimonies as [00:24:12] possible to obtain reparations. That day, [00:24:15] Adam meets Abdallah Arbab in his village. His son, [00:24:19] Ramadan, is a victim of Zoe's [00:24:20] Ark. [00:24:27] It was a child theft, a real kidnapping, [00:24:31] it's a [00:24:33] heard many stories, they would have taken us to exploit [00:24:37] us, maybe make us work in factories. [00:24:41] We were little, we didn't understand anything. [00:24:44] For us, at the time, it was an opportunity [00:24:47] for education. In our village, there was no [00:24:52] school. It was only for this reason that parents decided to send us to Zoe's [00:24:56] Ark. We were just herders and not [00:25:00] educated either. [00:25:02] Having a chance to go to school was incredible for [00:25:05] us. [00:25:10] His father has kept dozens of essential documents for [00:25:14] Adam's investigation. [00:25:14] d'adame, [00:25:18] You see, a claim made in [00:25:21] 2011, kept by Mr. [00:25:23] Abdallah. They did not receive a response, so they made a new [00:25:27] request in 2012. They addressed a [00:25:31] deputy, but also directly the public [00:25:35] prosecutor. [00:25:40] spent 13 months in prison at the time, we waited [00:25:44] for a response to all these letters. They told us that each child would receive [00:25:48] 6,000 euros in damages. But we were told at the time that to receive [00:25:52] the money, the children had to be 18, but for now they have received [00:25:55] nothing. [00:26:03] The only trace we find of the damages intended for the [00:26:06] children is this document which proves that the Chadian state [00:26:10] paid in 2009 562 million CFA [00:26:13] francs, or about 85,000 euros into an [00:26:17] account opened in their name at the Société [00:26:20] Générale Tchadienne de Banque. We contacted the [00:26:24] Koris group, which took over [00:26:27] Société Générale in 2024 to find out if the money was still in [00:26:31] this account, but the banking institution did not wish to respond to [00:26:34] our interview [00:26:35] request. [00:26:42] Adam, for his part, turned to one of the lawyers who defended the families [00:26:45] of victims in 2007. Today, he is the sole legal [00:26:49] representative of the victims and plays the role of intermediary with the Chadian [00:26:53] government. We participated from start to finish [00:26:56] in triggering the procedure until the decision was [00:27:00] reached at the criminal court in N'Djamena. Here, the state is also [00:27:03] accountable. uh, at the forefront, uh [00:27:07] will indeed not delay paying this amount and for that [00:27:11] there is still hope, so we launch a vibrant appeal [00:27:15] to the high authorities to commit to quickly [00:27:18] settling this this this matter so that at least [00:27:22] justice is definitively served to these child [00:27:26] victims, thank you , courage [00:27:28] , huh, [00:27:30] the rest there, okay. [00:27:33] While we were filming the last minutes of this [00:27:36] report, the Chadian presidency assured the families' lawyer [00:27:40] that the compensation process would be relaunched, [00:27:44] a hope for Adam and for all the other [00:27:47] child victims who, 18 years after the facts, still feel abandoned by justice. [00:28:05] Since 2006, in French, English, Arabic, and [00:28:08] Spanish, the greatest international figures have [00:28:11] trusted us during exclusive interviews, world leaders [00:28:14] share their vision of the world, [00:28:18] you have 142 countries that have signed the [00:28:21] New York Declaration, artists and creators inspire [00:28:24] us, intellectuals and [00:28:28] innovators shape our future. [00:28:32] Great personalities are on France 24, [00:28:36] liberty, equality, current affairs. [00:30:06] Welcome to this new newscast. Here are the headlines of your night [00:30:09] edition. The President of Colombia has officially been [00:30:13] sworn in. Abelardo de la Espriella took the oath more than a [00:30:16] month after his narrow victory against the left-wing candidate. This [00:30:20] new far-right figure promises to build giant prisons, to [00:30:24] bomb drug traffickers, and to [00:30:27] services. [00:30:30] The feud continues [00:30:32] between Spain and Italy, after the crisis in Ceuta and Rome's reaction, [00:30:36] which implemented passenger controls from the Iberian Peninsula, [00:30:40] Madrid in turn imposes controls on travelers [00:30:42] coming from Italy. [00:30:45] And then Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey [00:30:49] sign a mutual defense pact. Any armed [00:30:52] attack against one of these countries will be considered an attack [00:30:55] against all, a warning for Iran and the United States.