FRANCE24 — broadcast 20260808 013000 UTC 453 transcript segments Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (https://www.gdeltproject.org/), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive. Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record. [00:00:06] Welcome to this new news report, we are in the heart of the night edition, [00:00:10] here are the headlines. The President of Colombia [00:00:13] officially inaugurated Bellardo de la esprit and took [00:00:17] an oath. The millionaire lawyer is an admirer of Donald Trump, Javier [00:00:20] Miley or Naïb Boukelé, this new figure of [00:00:24] has suffered attacks in recent months from the far-right promises to build prisons, bomb [00:00:27] drug traffickers and reduce services. [00:00:32] Tensions are still high between Spain and Italy after the Ceuta [00:00:36] crisis and Rome's reaction, which implemented passenger controls for those coming [00:00:40] from the Iberian peninsula. Madrid, in turn, is imposing [00:00:43] controls on travelers coming [00:00:48] capturing attention, from Italy. And then Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey sign [00:00:52] a mutual defense pact. Any armed attack [00:00:55] against one of these countries will be considered [00:00:57] United States has with countries in an attack against all, a warning to... Iran, but also to the [00:01:01] United States. The rise in tension in the region has accelerated the project. [00:01:20] a NATO member, is also seeking to The far-right has therefore taken the reins wave, almost the entire of power in Colombia. The new [00:01:22] president took office in Cali, in the heart of a city marked by [00:01:26] attacks claimed by armed groups. This is a symbol for... [00:01:30] the one who openly threatens the peace process started by his [00:01:33] predecessor. So what is his program, what are his [00:01:36] allies? Listen to the analysis of Colombia specialist Hugo [00:01:39] Corten, he is a PhD student in political science at the Free University of [00:01:43] Brussels: [00:01:45] he is a far-right figure who has surpassed a far-right that [00:01:49] already existed in Colombia, which had been in the majority for 20 years, the one that [00:01:52] is somewhat improperly called that of the Democratic Center, [00:01:56] so of the Democratic Center, and even if there are [00:01:59] tensions in... between these political formations, we can expect them to govern [00:02:02] together, and in reality, the majority in Congress [00:02:06] on which he will be able to rely is still relatively comfortable for [00:02:09] him, so he should still have sufficient [00:02:13] support. He is a Donald Trump voter since he has [00:02:16] citizenship and he said he voted for Donald Trump. What will [00:02:20] change will be a bit of a step backward. You may know that Colombia [00:02:24] has often been the entry [00:02:27] carried out with live ammunition on a beach on point for the United States into [00:02:30] undoubtedly become that again. Perhaps there will still be [00:02:33] American bases that will be rebuilt or American [00:02:36] soldiers who will be redeployed to Colombian territory, from which, why [00:02:40] not, other military operations like those we saw in Venezuela could be carried out. [00:02:44] This is a scenario that is entirely possible, even [00:02:47] probable. Spain is implementing controls on [00:02:50] travelers from Italy. These measures concern flights and [00:02:54] boats. Madrid's decision was taken in response to similar measures [00:02:57] decreed by Italy after the influx of migrants. [00:03:03] convent, escaped from [00:03:30] It is estimated that more than 1,100 unaccompanied minors are in Ceuta. [00:03:33] Local authorities are doing everything possible to care for these minors and [00:03:37] manage the few migrants who are still in [00:03:40] the enclave, according to figures from the Spanish Ministry of [00:03:42] Interior. On the diplomatic front, the dispute continues [00:03:46] between Spain and Italy. Madrid threatens to apply retaliatory [00:03:49] measures against Rome if Italy does not reverse its decision to suspend [00:03:53] free movement with Spain before Sunday. On [00:03:56] July 31st, the Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni announced [00:04:00] the strengthening of land border controls. We [00:04:04] call on the Italian government to review its position, to [00:04:07] end the controls and to treat Spaniards like other European [00:04:11] citizens. If it does not do so before the end of the day on [00:04:14] Sunday, August 9th, Spain will be forced to adopt [00:04:18] proportional measures to protect the interests and dignity of its [00:04:22] citizens. Italy says it does not want to yield to any [00:04:26] ultimatum. In a statement, the Italian government [00:04:29] indicates. It maintains the suspension of the Schengen agreement with Spain [00:04:33] at least until August 15th. [00:04:36] Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey have sealed a defense [00:04:39] pact. The agreement aims to strengthen military deterrence in a [00:04:43] context of renewed regional tension. Explanations by Alice [00:04:46] Brogar. [00:04:49] To seal their alliance, they chose Lamec. Side by [00:04:53] side, the leaders of Saudi Arabia, Turkey and [00:04:56] Pakistan attend Friday prayers at the Grand Mosque. [00:05:00] Three regional Sunni powers that share maritime [00:05:04] or land borders with Shiite Iran, perceived as a [00:05:07] threat. So Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin [00:05:10] Salman, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Pakistani [00:05:14] Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif signed a defense [00:05:17] pact on Friday. The agreement aims to strengthen collective [00:05:21] deterrence against any act of aggression and stipulates that any [00:05:24] armed attack against one of the three states will be considered an attack [00:05:27] against all. A mechanism whose solidity could [00:05:31] be tested very quickly by Saudi Arabia. The kingdom [00:05:36] Iran and its proxies, such as the Houthis in Yemen, who have recently [00:05:40] increased their strikes against targets. Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, [00:05:44] Ankara and Islamabad, who have been involved in recent weeks to try to [00:05:48] resolve the conflict between the United States and Iran, are also [00:05:51] seeking to diversify their defense in the face of an American [00:05:54] partner deemed increasingly [00:05:56] unreliable. [00:05:59] The other factor is distrust of American security guarantees. [00:06:02] Let's be clear, this is not an alternative to the [00:06:06] security relationship that the [00:06:10] the region, but a complement. Indeed, while the [00:06:13] United States remains indispensable for many regional [00:06:16] actors, they are also perceived as unreliable and [00:06:19] unpredictable. While Saudi Arabia and Pakistan [00:06:23] are already linked by a defense agreement, the inclusion of Turkey [00:06:26] in this new pact was hastened by the war in the [00:06:29] Middle East. Turkey, [00:06:33] gain influence and attract Saudi [00:06:36] investments. Another night of bombing in [00:06:39] Ukraine, the first assessment reports at least three deaths, including a child, [00:06:43] in the capital. About ten explosions were recorded, [00:06:47] and fires are ongoing in at least two districts of Kyiv. [00:06:51] Authorities had earlier issued a ballistic missile alert and urged [00:06:55] residents to go to shelters. Meanwhile, [00:06:58] Volodymyr Zelensky is in Serbia, for the first time since [00:07:01] he came to power. It must be said that Belgrade has never [00:07:05] aligned itself with European sanctions against Moscow. The visit, initially scheduled [00:07:09] for one day, is to continue this Saturday. It will [00:07:12] notably involve security, and for Serbia, [00:07:15] this visit is a way to send a signal to the Baltic countries, who are reluctant to join [00:07:19] the EU due to its relations with Russia, [00:07:23] but also to reassure European states who are concerned about the decline of [00:07:26] democracy in the [00:07:27] country. [00:07:31] Taiwan has been conducting military exercises since Wednesday to simulate a [00:07:34] Chinese invasion, exercises that take place every year and that were [00:07:40] Kinmen Island, only kilometers from the shores of [00:07:43] China. Our correspondent Suzanne Duroi was there. [00:07:47] place. [00:07:56] What you just heard is the Taiwanese army training [00:07:59] for a scenario of an invasion by the Chinese [00:08:02] army on this small island of Kinmen. This Taiwanese [00:08:05] territory is located only 6 km from China, and here you [00:08:09] can see on the shores Taiwanese tanks [00:08:13] exercising live fire. They will aim at [00:08:16] targets that are there in the background, in the sea, as you [00:08:20] can see. So Kinmen, like the rest of the country, [00:08:23] is training, these are national military exercises, [00:08:27] and Kinmen in particular is exposed to [00:08:31] China due to its proximity. It had already been the target [00:08:34] of an attempted landing in 1949. So [00:08:38] today, would China be capable of invading this small territory again? [00:08:42] The strategic and military stakes are [00:08:44] colossal, and finally, perhaps strategists [00:08:48] estimate that invading the main island of [00:08:51] Taiwan directly is perhaps much more relevant for [00:08:54] China. This warning now, [00:08:57] the EU is asking social networks to act against [00:09:00] disinformation. Meta and TikTok have been called upon to better [00:09:04] preserve the digital space. It must be said that a [00:09:07] wave of rumors amplified on social networks would have largely [00:09:10] contributed to the rush of 60,000 to 1200 people to Ceuta. [00:09:14] The European Commissioner for Technology is asking them to [00:09:17] strengthen their cooperation with [00:09:20] fact-checkers. Meta has also been ordered to pay a record [00:09:24] fine in New Mexico, nearly a billion dollars for the [00:09:27] damage to the mental health of young people. The court orders the [00:09:31] group to take measures to protect users. The story by [00:09:34] Anaj. [00:09:38] The digital giant Meta, singled out by American [00:09:42] justice for failures in protecting [00:09:46] minor users of its platforms, [00:09:50] the decision comes from a New Mexico judge, a [00:09:53] first in the United States that could set a precedent. The [00:09:57] court finds and concludes that just as harmful pollution generated by a [00:10:00] factory can infringe on collective rights to reasonably clean air, [00:10:04] the harmful effects of Meta's platforms on children are not limited to these [00:10:08] platforms. They spread across the entire internet and perhaps, more [00:10:12] worryingly, into the real world. This is a slap in the face for [00:10:16] Mark Zuckerberg's company, which has been fined a record [00:10:20] 942 million dollars. Meta [00:10:23] is ordered to create a fund of... a reparations fund of 567 [00:10:27] million dollars intended to finance over 5 years mental [00:10:30] health and prevention programs for [00:10:33] young people. These platforms, Instagram and Facebook, will have to [00:10:37] limit young people's access to certain features. Young people are [00:10:41] particularly vulnerable to scrolling, likes and [00:10:45] notifications of all kinds. Meta, [00:10:47] for its part, says it does everything it can to protect [00:10:50] adolescents and has announced it will appeal. For this [00:10:54] specialist, we are seeing a change in logic [00:10:57] today. Very often, social networks have hidden behind [00:11:00] their role as hosts, explaining that they [00:11:03] were only there to host videos and that they were in no way [00:11:07] responsible for the videos that were on their platform. These [00:11:10] services are indeed based on [00:11:13] and therefore it is they who must be held [00:11:16] responsible for these services, since it is they who exploit the vulnerabilities and [00:11:20] flaws in the attention of children. Among the other [00:11:24] protection measures for minors ordered by the courts, [00:11:27] a limit on social network use to 90 hours per [00:11:30] month and blocked notifications after [00:11:33] 10 p.m. and during classes. [00:11:36] cours. [00:11:38] France will once again suffocate, forecasters [00:11:41] are announcing a new heat [00:11:44] country is concerned with peaks expected in the southwest and in the [00:11:48] Rhône Valley. 12 departments are on orange alert [00:11:51] this Saturday. Heat waves are succeeding each other at an [00:11:55] unprecedented rate in France, but also beyond. In Turkey, [00:11:59] firefighters are using drones to identify fire starts. The [00:12:03] report by our correspondent Jena Lebrass with Adria Rochat [00:12:07] Cutier. [00:12:11] In this control tower, fires are mainly detected [00:12:15] by the human eye, an essential [00:12:18] surveillance task, because when it comes to forest [00:12:21] fires, every minute counts. In the Mugla [00:12:25] region, the dominant tree is the red pine, a species very vulnerable to fires. We [00:12:29] are therefore in an area where the risk of fire is [00:12:31] high. [00:12:33] Turkey is now relying on its drone fleet, one of the most developed [00:12:37] in the world, to strengthen the control of its forests. It [00:12:41] allows detecting fires from their first signs and intervening [00:12:44] more quickly. Mustafa Hulkudur has his [00:12:48] eyes glued to the screens. In the center of the Moula Forest Directorate, [00:12:52] he constantly monitors. [00:13:04] The drone has become an indispensable tool in our fight against fires. Look at the screen in the upper left. Under the smoke, it is impossible to [00:13:06] see the embers with the naked eye, but as soon as we switch to the thermal camera, which we call [00:13:10] infrared, look, the image appears in a few moments. You now see [00:13:14] the lower part of the screen, the heat source is much better [00:13:18] detected, [00:13:19] The technology [00:13:24] now allows us to save precious time, but [00:13:28] on the ground, firefighters remain on the front line against the [00:13:31] flames. [00:13:34] Honestly, it's difficult, it's a demanding job, we remain ready to [00:13:37] intervene at any time, as soon as an alert is given, we leave [00:13:40] immediately with the teams, six teams have been mobilized and are working [00:13:44] tirelessly. The day after this fire, Ulkudur [00:13:47] takes a look from above to assess the damage. With [00:13:51] increasingly hot summers, protecting these forests can [00:13:54] sometimes... seem like an endless task, but this time [00:13:57] again, the threat has been [00:14:43] for your loyalty. We'll be back in a little over 15 [00:14:46] minutes. [00:15:03] Hello everyone and welcome to Ractuelle. Myanmar [00:15:07] has decided to ban sanitary [00:15:10] protection on its territory, a decision by the army to [00:15:13] fight against the rebels opposed to the military [00:15:17] junta. We'll talk about it in a moment with my guest Henriette [00:15:20] Cerrak. And then the nuns are [00:15:24] rebelling. Three retired nuns broke out to leave their [00:15:28] nursing home and return to their beloved [00:15:30] convent. [00:15:34] The ruling junta in Myanmar has decided to ban [00:15:38] sanitary napkins. What the military accuses them of is [00:15:42] serving as makeshift bandages for rebels and therefore [00:15:45] being undesirable in the country. The [00:15:48] military power returned after a coup in [00:15:51] 2021, so it decided to ban menstrual [00:15:54] protection. Since then, 15 million women have been [00:15:57] left without solutions each month. To talk about [00:16:01] it, I have the pleasure of welcoming Henriette Cerrac [00:16:04] from Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, you are on a mission, hello Henriette. You are [00:16:08] a menstrual health consultant and you founded Pankalai in [00:16:11] Myanmar, an organization that produces safe sanitary [00:16:14] napkins but was forced to close a few [00:16:18] years ago. Henriette, when the [00:16:21] junta issues this ban on sanitary [00:16:24] protection in its territory, is it really convinced by what it claims, that [00:16:28] the pads are used to treat rebel injuries, or is it [00:16:32] a pretext, in your [00:16:33] opinion? [00:16:37] I think it's a pretext, I think no one takes this excuse seriously, [00:16:41] it's completely fanciful, we can't [00:16:43] imagine that a sanitary napkin could seriously [00:16:47] serve as a compress in a [00:16:50] wartime context. What is much more probable in fact is [00:16:54] that in this phase of the civil war - it's a very long civil war, but it's true that since [00:16:58] the coup in 2021 it has intensified [00:17:01] and characteristic of this new phase of the civil [00:17:05] war is that women have joined the ranks of the [00:17:08] resistance in large numbers, and so what seems much more probable is that [00:17:12] the military junta had this idea in fact to [00:17:15] limit the ability of these [00:17:18] resistors to participate in the [00:17:20] war. But in fact, that affects all women, resisting women [00:17:24] are a fraction of Burmese women, and [00:17:28] in fact, this ban impacts [00:17:31] all Burmese women and girls. This means that their ability to [00:17:33] move around, go to school, and go to work will be significantly [00:17:38] affected, it will exclude them socially, [00:17:41] for a week a month for those of [00:17:45] childbearing age, it will also create [00:17:49] a lot of shame and stigmatization. Periods are actually [00:17:53] a very stigmatized subject in the [00:17:56] context of Burmese culture, [00:17:59] and so preventing them from [00:18:02] managing their menstruation properly will [00:18:06] in fact place an even greater burden, greater [00:18:09] shame on these women. Concretely, that [00:18:13] means that there are no more sanitary protection products entering Burmese [00:18:16] territory, that means there is a shortage, are there still [00:18:19] alternatives for these women who have their periods every [00:18:22] month? In fact, what we don't know [00:18:26] very well is the scale of this ban, [00:18:30] uh, a priori, it's [00:18:33] in certain regions where the resistance is particularly strong, for [00:18:37] example, the Mandalay region, the Sagaing region, [00:18:41] uh, we don't know, in fact, it's very difficult to get [00:18:45] reliable data on this subject at the moment, [00:18:48] uh, but so [00:18:51] at least in several regions of Myanmar, that's the case. [00:18:55] Uh, what we can imagine again, is that, well, in fact, what we [00:18:59] even know with certainty, is that [00:19:03] a whole black market is developing with [00:19:06] the price of... packets of menstrual pads [00:19:09] that are increasing in a [00:19:12] crazy way, uh, there will also be [00:19:16] lower quality pads that will enter the Burmese market [00:19:20] via the black market, but the most [00:19:23] probable thing is that women will go back to what their mothers [00:19:26] and grandmothers did, that is, they will use old [00:19:30] longyis. The longyi is the traditional Burmese skirt that is [00:19:34] worn by the vast majority of Burmese women. They will use [00:19:37] these old fabrics, [00:19:41] roll them up or fix them in a [00:19:44] homemade way to absorb their [00:19:47] blood. What are the health risks when [00:19:50] these are makeshift sanitary protection products like the ones you just [00:19:54] described, rather than those that can be used, thrown away, and [00:19:57] bought again? [00:20:01] It's well documented, very well documented around the world, [00:20:04] that girls and [00:20:07] women who use makeshift [00:20:10] systems are twice as exposed to [00:20:13] urinary tract infections and reproductive [00:20:17] tract infections, which themselves can cause [00:20:21] more serious infections, sometimes life-threatening, [00:20:24] and which are also linked to a high [00:20:28] risk of infertility. You [00:20:31] mentioned earlier the taboo that it represents to talk about periods, [00:20:35] to have periods in Myanmar, but... it's quite widespread in the [00:20:38] world and especially in Asia, I'm thinking for example of Nepal where women [00:20:42] have to isolate themselves for a week during their periods in a hut so as not [00:20:45] to pollute the rest of the village. Why, in your opinion, [00:20:49] uh... such a fear of menstruation and why in this [00:20:52] region of the world in [00:20:53] particular? [00:20:57] The taboo of periods is almost universal. [00:21:00] It's true that in the traditions, in the Hindu traditions, [00:21:03] and therefore in certain regions of Nepal to which you [00:21:07] refer, it's true that this idea of menstrual blood being [00:21:11] polluting and of the menstruating woman being [00:21:13] polluting, that's very strong in the Hindu [00:21:17] tradition, but in fact what's very interesting is to realize [00:21:21] that most cultures, most religions have their [00:21:24] version of this taboo, of this stigmatization around [00:21:28] menstruation. It's, well, it's something [00:21:32] that's almost universal. Myanmar is a predominantly [00:21:35] Buddhist country. [00:21:38] They have their version of this stigmatization too, it's [00:21:42] justified slightly differently, there are nuances, but [00:21:46] but it's something we find in fact in most cultures, particularly [00:21:50] traditional ones. Do you think there are solutions to counter this ban [00:21:54] in Myanmar? Will this ban, this [00:21:57] banning of sanitary protection, hold? [00:22:01] We need to talk about it, I'm very happy to see that the media [00:22:05] are taking up this story, which is [00:22:08] truly shocking. We absolutely must talk about it, we [00:22:12] must support organizations on the ground in [00:22:15] Myanmar. I what makes me happy on the other hand [00:22:19] is that... it's an opportunity in fact to talk about what's happening, to talk about the civil [00:22:23] war in Myanmar, about the military dictatorship in which the Burmese [00:22:26] people have been living for 5 years, and in particular about the condition [00:22:30] of women in this context. Women are truly the first [00:22:33] victims of this civil war, of this junta [00:22:37] which is extremely cruel, obscurantist and misogynistic. It's [00:22:40] a metaphor in fact for the [00:22:44] lack of access to menstrual products which in fact [00:22:47] affects a very large proportion [00:22:51] of women and girls in the world. We estimate that 500 million girls and women in the [00:22:55] world do not have access to sanitary napkins, to menstrual [00:22:58] products, every month. And it's not [00:23:02] only a problem in countries of the global south. In [00:23:05] France, in rich countries, so to [00:23:08] speak, we also see problems, that is, there are 2 million, [00:23:12] there is an estimate of around 2 million women in [00:23:15] France who do not manage every month to [00:23:19] meet their needs in terms of menstrual products. There is really a huge [00:23:22] amount of work that we can all do to fight against this taboo, this [00:23:26] stigmatization, to enable women to be [00:23:29] in better health. Beyond the ban, [00:23:33] indeed, the issue of menstrual poverty is very important. Thank you [00:23:36] very much, Henriette Serak, for this insight into the situation in [00:23:39] Myanmar. [00:23:42] What a woman wants, God wants, says the saying, and that seems to be true if we are to [00:23:46] believe the adventure of these retirees. not like the others, three nuns. [00:23:50] Austrian women who did not want to leave their [00:23:53] the nursing home where they had been placed against their will, a [00:23:56] preposterous scenario, this is a report by Lyonel [00:23:59] Feyerstein. [00:24:02] The Austrian media affectionately call them the rebel nuns, Sister Rita, [00:24:06] 82, Sister [00:24:09] Regina, 86, and Sister Bernadette, 88 [00:24:13] years old. Their story is worthy of a [00:24:17] movie. [00:24:20] A few months ago, they escaped from their retirement home to [00:24:23] return to their beloved convent at the foot of the [00:24:27] Alps. [00:24:33] I am so happy to be back home, at the convent, in this chapel [00:24:36] where all three of us took our vows. You can imagine, [00:24:40] for me, it was in 1967. [00:24:44] Two years ago, their superior, Provost Marcus Grassel, forcibly [00:24:47] transferred them to this nursing home. [00:24:50] According to him, the three sisters can no longer continue to live alone in their [00:24:53] convent, but the nuns are depressed, [00:24:57] they are sad, they don't want to stay. Last [00:25:00] September, they decided to escape. Like my [00:25:04] two sisters, I prepared myself, I put a few things in a small [00:25:07] satchel. [00:25:09] Helped by former students they had in class at the convent, they rushed [00:25:13] into a waiting car. The three rebellious sisters made their [00:25:17] escape. We had called a locksmith to [00:25:21] break the padlocks and open the doors of our convent and we succeeded, [00:25:25] it was like in a detective [00:25:27] movie, [00:25:31] their escape was a success, but their return was more [00:25:34] bitter. During their 18 months of absence, their personal [00:25:37] belongings had been removed, even this stairlift which has since been [00:25:41] replaced. [00:25:43] We had to climb like this, using the railing and our arms, [00:25:47] imagine, there are eight floors. [00:25:51] Their hierarchy is furious but dares not do anything more, the story of their [00:25:55] great escape has in the meantime moved all of Austria, [00:25:58] now they are followed by thousands of people on social networks, they... [00:26:02] even published a book titled "Not with [00:26:05] us." We can say that we fought against an [00:26:08] injustice, because yes, what the church inflicted on us was [00:26:11] unjust. When we say "not with us," that [00:26:15] means that our superiors deceived us and that we did not [00:26:18] accept it. Today, the villagers [00:26:21] who mobilized for the return of the nuns and continue to [00:26:25] help them, are delighted. [00:26:28] When I have a problem, their door is always open. [00:26:33] They taught me one important thing, in life, you have to [00:26:36] fight. At the end of April, they went to the [00:26:39] Vatican to make their story known. Pope Leo [00:26:43] XIV guaranteed them that they could now stay in their [00:26:46] convent. They find it amusing, their faith and their [00:26:49] tenacity have moved mountains. And this [00:26:53] is already the end of this edition. Thank you for watching us. See you [00:26:57] very soon on France [00:26:57] 24. [00:30:07] You are watching France 24, we begin this new edition of the night news with [00:30:10] the headlines: the President of Colombia was [00:30:14] officially sworn in at Bellardo de la Esprilla, [00:30:17] the millionaire lawyer is an admirer of Donald Trump, [00:30:21] Javier Miley or Naïb Michelé, this [00:30:24] new figure of the far right promises to build giant [00:30:28] prisons, bomb drug traffickers and reduce [00:30:31] state services. [00:30:35] The conflict continues between Spain and Italy after the crisis [00:30:38] in Ceuta and Rome's reaction which implemented passenger controls [00:30:42] from the Iberian peninsula, Madrid [00:30:45] in turn imposes controls on travelers coming [00:30:48] from Italy. [00:30:50] And then Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey sign a [00:30:54] mutual defense pact. Any armed attack against one of these countries [00:30:57] will be considered.