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[00:00:07] It's 9:30 PM in Paris and it's now time to dine with
[00:00:11] François
[00:00:11] Hepp,
[00:00:19] this is our new column dedicated to gastronomy. Good evening François,
[00:00:22] good evening Marion, you are a journalist on France 24, a connoisseur of
[00:00:26] gourmet cuisine and regularly you will visit us
[00:00:30] on Saturday evenings to present the different players in this field,
[00:00:34] tonight, your guest is Blandine de Briller Manoncourt,
[00:00:37] co-owner of Château Fijac in Saint-Émilion in Gironde, good evening to you
[00:00:42] the technical managers, and welcome, good evening, good evening Blandine, so first we're going
[00:00:44] to locate where Château Fijac is,
[00:00:48] so it's in Saint-Émilion in Gironde, we're going to, I've prepared a
[00:00:51] small identity card of the
[00:00:54] Courant. Removed from château so that we can understand a bit what it is about,
[00:00:57] so the appellation is a Saint-Émilion Grand Cru. in the
[00:01:00] Libournais wine region, we'll come back to that in a few moments, Marion, the classification and the
[00:01:04] first Grand Cru Classé A since 2022, the
[00:01:08] planted area of 41 hectares of vines on 54
[00:01:12] hectares belonging to the total estate, and the volume produced,
[00:01:16] we are between approximately 100-12500 bottles per
[00:01:19] year. We ask a first question, what is the specificity of Château
[00:01:23] Fijac? So the specificity of Château
[00:01:27] Fijac is that it is a property that is perhaps large. and
[00:01:30] family-owned, that becomes a specificity, and then
[00:01:34] it has characteristics
[00:01:37] that give it its personality,
[00:01:40] which are the gravel soil, which are
[00:01:43] pebbles, quartz, flint,
[00:01:47] arranged in three gravel hills,
[00:01:51] the case of so like three piles of stones brought by a river and underneath, you have blue clay and
[00:01:55] then the other specificity for
[00:01:59] me would be
[00:02:01] history. the grape varieties, only 30% Merlot
[00:02:03] and 35% Cabernet Sauvignon and 35%
[00:02:07] Cabernet Franc, this balance is
[00:02:10] unique, yes, so you were talking about the
[00:02:14] Libournais wine region, so there's a map, we'll be able to understand a bit
[00:02:18] better what that entails, Marion, the
[00:02:21] wine region in Bordeaux, there's the left bank which is located west of the Garonne
[00:02:25] are right, welcome to your African and the Gironde, characterized by the Médoc, the Graves, you were
[00:02:28] talking about them, and the Sauternes. the right bank to the north and east of the Dordogne in
[00:02:32] Gironde with the Libournais like Château Fijac, the Blaye
[00:02:36] or the Bourge and then the Entre-Deux-Mers between the Garonne and the Dordogne
[00:02:39] with mainly white wine. We're going to ask another
[00:02:43] essential question for this column, Blandine, that many people ask, what
[00:02:46] is a good wine?
[00:02:49] It's a wine you love, it's a wine that is
[00:02:52] euh that isn't
[00:02:56] disguised, in short,
[00:02:59] it's well made, well made and
[00:03:03] above all it's the one you love, so it can be good for
[00:03:06] different people, I mean, there are so many kinds of
[00:03:10] wine, and if I talk about organic wine, is that something that ruffles your feathers or
[00:03:13] do you attach importance to it? Oh yes,
[00:03:17] organic wines are good. So, at
[00:03:21] Château Pijac, we are not organically
[00:03:24] certified, but environmental
[00:03:27] concern is constant. However,
[00:03:30] we don't want to be confined to a set of specifications
[00:03:34] with which, on
[00:03:37] some points, we are not necessarily in agreement,
[00:03:41] and then, we will instead make every
[00:03:46] perished. The causes of possible effort to be virtuous, if we can say so.
[00:03:49] So, we will work
[00:03:52] 95% organically, and
[00:03:56] then there are 5% which will be, for example, biocontrol.
[00:04:00] Or products that are organic in
[00:04:03] Germany and not in France. If you're here tonight,
[00:04:06] it's also because your domain obtained three Michelin "grapes" at the
[00:04:10] beginning of the month. First of all, congratulations and François,
[00:04:14] remind us what these famous Michelin "grapes" are. Absolutely, this is
[00:04:17] the reason for Blandine's invitation, not only because
[00:04:20] the grape harvest is ending, we'll talk about that in a few moments, but there was
[00:04:24] this Michelin Guide ceremony that awarded the grapes to the
[00:04:27] wine estates in Bordeaux. Last September 7th at the Cité du Vin in Bordeaux,
[00:04:30] 83 estates were distinguished in the following way:
[00:04:34] nine châteaux were awarded the Holy Grail, including
[00:04:37] Château Filjac, congratulations also, as Marion said, 16 châteaux obtained
[00:04:41] two grapes, 37 one grape, and
[00:04:45] 21 châteaux were selected
[00:04:48] during this ceremony. You
[00:04:52] en route, according to the aviation spoke, and something struck me and I found it very
[00:04:55] powerful: you emphasized the importance of not being stuck in time, of serving
[00:04:59] properties, and of being agile. According to you,
[00:05:02] can you explain what it means to be agile in the wine world? To be
[00:05:06] agile, I think in my mind, it's about
[00:05:10] Category" published by being able to adapt very quickly to situations. A small
[00:05:13] example, we had our first day
[00:05:17] of harvest on August 25th this year, and we had to be super
[00:05:21] agile to find
[00:05:23] 30 people overnight that we
[00:05:27] needed for the 25th, even though
[00:05:30] everything was organized to start around September
[00:05:33] 1st. Yes, because the harvest, when do you decide
[00:05:37] it? Is there a day when you say, "Now's the time, let's go!" and
[00:05:40] we have the teams?
[00:05:42] Which we didn't have, as you said. So, it's decided by
[00:05:46] tasting, meaning we have teams
[00:05:49] of people who are a bit technical, and then
[00:05:54] of the company who will tour the vineyard
[00:05:58] and taste. It's not an easy exercise
[00:06:02] because they're going to taste the grape berries, but
[00:06:05] especially the seeds. So, a whole
[00:06:09] morning spent chewing seeds when... at the
[00:06:12] end you say, "No, it's not ripe yet," it's quite
[00:06:16] difficult. And then with time, the seeds
[00:06:19] will have a nutty , crunchy,
[00:06:23] flavorful side, it's good, it's good, and then we're getting close, and
[00:06:27] then there are also the skins, and these are elements
[00:06:30] far beyond an analysis because we do
[00:06:34] laboratory analyses, but there's human experience, and
[00:06:38] so we're going to say, "Well, this, yes, well,
[00:06:41] this in 2 days it'll be ready to harvest," and there's a
[00:06:45] relatively narrow window, so you can't mess up. We're going to continue talking
[00:06:49] about the harvest, explain to us a little bit, François, the process,
[00:06:52] what are the different steps? Absolutely. First of all, there's the harvest
[00:06:56] date, so the figures, as you mentioned, Blandine, they monitor the ripeness of the
[00:07:00] grapes to choose the ideal moment to pick them. Then we move on to
[00:07:03] picking, which is done either by hand to preserve the bunches or with
[00:07:07] machines called straddle tractors to go faster. Then we move on to
[00:07:11] sorting and destemming. The grapes are sorted to remove leaves, damaged fruits, and to
[00:07:15] separate them from their stems, which we call the "rafle". And then comes pressing and
[00:07:19] fermentation. The juice is extracted then transformed into wine
[00:07:22] through alcoholic fermentation. You
[00:07:25] tell me, can I say something? Absolutely. Just for us, pressing
[00:07:29] happens after, okay. It depends, I think, on the
[00:07:33] methods. We all have our little tricks, from one property to
[00:07:36] another. And so with pressing, it
[00:07:39] comes towards the end. In any case, you had to
[00:07:43] adapt this year for an earlier harvest,
[00:07:46] is it because you, like many, are affected by climate change?
[00:07:50] Yes, no one escapes it, I think no one escapes it.
[00:07:54] It tends to give us
[00:07:57] a multiplication of extreme phenomena,
[00:08:01] but basically there is a warming that means that harvest
[00:08:05] dates will be disrupted, but all the working methods in the
[00:08:09] vines are also disrupted. Where before we could
[00:08:12] and... pay for the grapes to be exposed
[00:08:16] to sunlight for as long as possible
[00:08:19] during the ripening period,
[00:08:23] this year we didn't defoliate,
[00:08:27] we did it very sparingly. Where
[00:08:29] normally we prune the vines to limit their
[00:08:33] growth, this year we
[00:08:36] avoided pruning so as not to encourage
[00:08:40] a call for... water by
[00:08:44] the vine. That's also agility, these are also
[00:08:47] examples of agility. And then also, Marion, you're talking about
[00:08:51] early harvests, there's also international competition
[00:08:54] today, particularly in China, in the Ningxia region,
[00:08:57] where wines are made that are quite good and
[00:09:01] competitive with Bordeaux. Do you in Bordeaux see
[00:09:05] this as a threat today? How can you mitigate
[00:09:08] that? I don't know if it's a
[00:09:12] threat. As far as Château Fijac is concerned,
[00:09:15] not really, I don't think so, as far as we're concerned, because your clientele is well
[00:09:19] established, because we have
[00:09:22] a China has never been a very
[00:09:25] important market for us, it hasn't gone beyond
[00:09:29] 5, 7%. The
[00:09:33] main market for us will be Europe, so
[00:09:36] there you go, China on their
[00:09:39] territory, we're not super present.
[00:09:43] And after China sends us its wines, I'm
[00:09:46] not sure that will really happen,
[00:09:49] no, for now, no. So French
[00:09:53] wine doesn't have too much to worry about, it's doing well, that's what you're telling us,
[00:09:57] uh, compared to the competition, global
[00:10:01] competition is much more important today than it was 30
[00:10:05] years ago, that's for sure, no, no, you have to be good,
[00:10:08] only in Bordeaux has it never
[00:10:11] made so much delicious wine at reasonable
[00:10:14] prices, but that's at all levels, whether it's the very
[00:10:18] great wines or, but the very great wines, we're not going to drink them every day. With
[00:10:22] three Michelin grapes, are you safe for now? Is it a
[00:10:25] distinction that assures you, no, no one
[00:10:28] is safe. I think no one is safe, we are
[00:10:32] always looking for improvement and
[00:10:35] adaptation
[00:10:37] to both the market and production conditions.
[00:10:41] A big thank you to Blandine de Briller Manoncourt for coming to this
[00:10:45] set to talk about vineyards and wine. Thank you, François,
[00:10:48] you're welcome, Marion, I hope we've clarified all of that, and we look forward
[00:10:52] to seeing you again for a new gastronomy column in... one of these
[00:10:55] upcoming Saturdays. Stay with us on France 24. Thank you, right
[00:10:59] now we're moving on to African news with Fatima
[00:11:02] Tawan.
[00:11:09] As the history of our world is in constant change, as the flow
[00:11:13] of information is constantly increasing, we are there
[00:11:16] on all topics, we verify, we commit ourselves on the
[00:11:20] ground in all circumstances to anticipate the
[00:11:23] future by understanding the present. We are with you
[00:11:27] 24/ 24, 7 days a week. France
[00:11:31] 24, another perspective on current events,
[00:11:34] liberty, equality, current events.
[00:12:03] good pulsation of the world, an immersive show dedicated to
[00:12:07] the musical news of the five continents to be found on
[00:12:10] rfi, rfi.fr and on all platforms.
[00:12:36] Leon 14, papal visit to France,
[00:12:40] to experience on France
[00:12:41] 24.
[00:12:46] You are on France 24 and you
[00:12:50] news tonight, the death of two
[00:12:53] senior Congolese army officials, as well as 12 other
[00:12:56] people, all died in a plane crash whose
[00:13:00] causes are not yet known. The investigation is
[00:13:03] ongoing, explanation to follow at the beginning of this
[00:13:06] newscast.
[00:13:08] We will also talk about the disappearance at the age of 81 of the former Prime
[00:13:12] Minister of Guinea, Siddy Atoure. He was twice a presidential
[00:13:16] candidate and lived in exile in Paris since
[00:13:19] 2021, where he passed away tonight.
[00:13:21] And then our focus this
[00:13:25] Saturday evening: how has the foreigner become a scapegoat
[00:13:28] in Africa when most African labor
[00:13:32] migration takes place within the
[00:13:35] continent? Rejectionist discourses are gaining ground: unemployment, poverty,
[00:13:39] access to public services, but also political
[00:13:42] instrumentalization. Why does the person who was welcomed yesterday become
[00:13:46] a rival today? We will discuss this with the Ivorian
[00:13:49] anthropologist Alfred Babo. He is a specialist in migration and
[00:13:53] social conflicts
[00:13:55] in Africa.
[00:13:59] We open this news report by going to the DRC where two senior Congolese army
[00:14:03] officials died in a plane crash this
[00:14:06] Friday. 12 other people, members of the delegation and the crew, also
[00:14:11] the accident are not yet known. An investigation is underway, with
[00:14:14] details from our correspondent Aurélie Bazarraki
[00:14:17] Bangoula. The plane, a small commercial
[00:14:21] aircraft, had left Kinshasa for the Kango province
[00:14:25] for a service mission, but it was on its return journey between Ilebo and
[00:14:29] Kiquit that the aircraft reportedly encountered difficulties in the sky,
[00:14:32] according to several witnesses. The plane allegedly tried
[00:14:36] to find a place to land in Kengue, a
[00:14:39] city that does not have a runway, before
[00:14:43] crashing. So on board were two senior officials of the
[00:14:47] military justice, Lieutenant General Likulia, Auditor
[00:14:51] General of the Congolese army, and Lieutenant General
[00:14:54] Katalaï, President of the High Military Court. 12
[00:14:57] members of their delegation and the crew also died
[00:15:01] in this crash. So, in a statement, the Congolese authorities
[00:15:05] paid tribute to the members of this delegation and
[00:15:08] announced the opening of an investigation to determine the
[00:15:12] causes of this accident. An investigative team is already
[00:15:17] investigation bureau.
[00:15:20] another disappearance to report, that of the former Guinean Prime
[00:15:24] Minister Sidiatoré. He died tonight
[00:15:27] in Paris, twice a presidential candidate in exile
[00:15:30] since 2021 following a military coup in Guinea,
[00:15:34] the opposition figure never managed to see his country again. He was
[00:15:37] 81 years old, Nina
[00:15:39] Maçon.
[00:15:42] A political life marked by exile until his last
[00:15:45] breath. After spending more than 30 years at the forefront of Guinean
[00:15:49] political life, Sidiatoré died without having been able to see Guinea
[00:15:53] again, a country of which he was nevertheless Prime Minister for nearly
[00:15:57] 3 years in the late 90s. Before
[00:16:00] being an opponent, Sidiatouré was first a technocrat,
[00:16:04] long established in Côte d'Ivoire where he was born, he became
[00:16:07] chief of staff to Alassan Wattara, then Prime Minister. In
[00:16:11] 1996, Lanssana Conté called him back to Conakry.
[00:16:15] Guinea was then emerging from a military mutiny and its economy was
[00:16:19] in ruins. Sidia Touré undertook reforms, reconnected with donors,
[00:16:22] and notably improved access to
[00:16:25] electricity, an action that earned him a famous
[00:16:29] nickname, Sidia
[00:16:32] the premiership in 1999, he moved
[00:16:35] into opposition and took over the leadership of the Union of Republican
[00:16:38] Forces the following year. Then came two presidential candidacies in
[00:16:41] 2010 and in 2015, which he lost
[00:16:45] both times. After the coup d'état of 2021, his relations with
[00:16:49] the new authorities deteriorated. Forced to leave
[00:16:52] his home in Conakry, then settled in Côte d'Ivoire, he
[00:16:56] finally saw the UFR dissolved, like all opposition
[00:16:59] parties. Until the end, Sidia Touré
[00:17:02] hoped to return to Guinea. The former
[00:17:05] prime minister finally passed away in Paris, ending his life as
[00:17:09] he had begun it, far from his
[00:17:11] country.
[00:17:15] On this September 26, Senegal remembers that the Joola boat,
[00:17:19] which provided the connection between Ziguinchor in
[00:17:22] Casamance and Dakar, capsized off the Gambian coast.
[00:17:26] 1863 people died or are missing, according to the official
[00:17:30] toll; only 64 survived,
[00:17:33] one of the most deadly maritime
[00:17:36] disasters in
[00:17:39] In Kenya, foreigners in the
[00:17:43] informal sector have 3 months to obtain a work
[00:17:46] permit. This follows a week of tension in Nairobi when
[00:17:50] William Ruto stated that
[00:17:54] foreigners doing small jobs should give way to
[00:17:57] Kenyans. This notably caused panic among many Burundians who
[00:18:01] rushed to their embassy to obtain a travel
[00:18:04] document to return to their country,
[00:18:08] a report by Bastin
[00:18:09] Renouille.
[00:18:14] For more than a week, business has been slow for this Burundian
[00:18:18] carpenter. Half of his employees no longer dare to come to
[00:18:21] work. President Ruto stated that small
[00:18:25] businesses should be reserved for Kenyans, some
[00:18:29] have decided to take justice into their own hands. These are
[00:18:32] young people who threaten us a lot, they, they accuse
[00:18:35] us of taking their
[00:18:39] jobs and
[00:18:43] I cannot also leave Kenya just
[00:18:46] like that, because it's been 11 years since I've been here in Kenya, I've built my whole
[00:18:50] life here in Kenya. Nationals of member
[00:18:53] states of the East African Community can
[00:18:56] work in Kenya provided they obtain a free
[00:18:58] permit. For the Bar Association, the announcements that targeted
[00:19:02] all workers are illegal.
[00:19:06] If the president thinks that... These foreigners are here illegally, he has two
[00:19:10] options: regularize their status or prosecute them,
[00:19:13] accuse them before the court of justice of having violated a specific
[00:19:17] law, but he cannot unilaterally condemn a whole group
[00:19:20] of foreigners residing in Kenya and order them to
[00:19:24] leave. In this market in the capital,
[00:19:27] Congolese, Burundians and Kenyans rub shoulders daily.
[00:19:31] Here, no one understands the anti- foreigner
[00:19:33] rhetoric.
[00:19:37] Let's
[00:19:47] go further on this focus
[00:20:05] this Saturday on xenophobia in Africa. A paradox, on a
[00:20:09] continent where circulating, trading, and settling in a neighbor's country are part
[00:20:12] of a history much older than current borders, and
[00:20:16] yet from Côte d'Ivoire to South Africa, passing through Kenya,
[00:20:20] the foreigner can become, in times of crisis, the one accused
[00:20:23] of taking jobs, land, businesses, or saturating
[00:20:27] public services. To discuss this, we are joined by Alfred
[00:20:30] Babo, you are an anthropologist, a professor at Fairfield
[00:20:34] University in the United States, specializing in migration,
[00:20:37] social conflicts, and land issues in Africa. You
[00:20:41] are notably the author of "The Foreigner in Côte d'Ivoire, Crisis and
[00:20:44] Controversy around a Social
[00:20:47] L'Harmattan. Thank you for joining us on the JTA.
[00:20:51] I'd like us to start with this paradox: in many African
[00:20:54] societies, the foreigner, the traveler, the one who comes from elsewhere, is
[00:20:57] traditionally welcomed. At what point does this foreigner stop
[00:21:01] being an "other" to become a rival, or even a
[00:21:05] threat?
[00:21:08] Thank you, uh, it must be said that this is part
[00:21:11] of African traditions to have a
[00:21:14] stranger at one's door and to open that door to
[00:21:18] the stranger, because generally... and in the, in
[00:21:21] the, uh, traditions, the stranger
[00:21:25] embodies a bit uh, the ancestor,
[00:21:28] the ancestor who, who is no longer with
[00:21:32] us and the bearer of good news. So, generally
[00:21:35] it's the foundation of uh, of the tradition
[00:21:39] uh, of hospitality.
[00:21:41] Uh, so we make the effort to welcome
[00:21:45] and integrate this foreigner, particularly through
[00:21:49] alliances. And that's how one of the strongest alliances
[00:21:52] remains marriage. And beyond marriage, you have other
[00:21:56] possibilities like the
[00:21:59] gift of a portion of land so that this foreigner can support
[00:22:02] himself. So these elements, which are the elements of the border,
[00:22:06] feeling well-received, these elements enter into crisis precisely
[00:22:09] when there is a feeling of saturation
[00:22:12] of these elements of the border which
[00:22:16] then take on a cost, and the foreigner becomes
[00:22:19] then the one who
[00:22:22] rivals the local. So, is it the economic crisis that
[00:22:25] causes this shift, or should we look much further
[00:22:29] into, let's say, the construction of states, or even
[00:22:33] national identities?
[00:22:36] I think we have to look for both, especially in
[00:22:41] Africa. Uh, it must be said that the
[00:22:44] construction of modern states
[00:22:47] was accompanied by the
[00:22:50] translation of belonging to an
[00:22:53] entity such as a state with
[00:22:57] civil status, meaning that you cannot just cross the
[00:23:00] border, be resident in a state without
[00:23:03] seeking to regularize your situation from a legal
[00:23:07] point of view, obtain an identity document, whether
[00:23:11] from your country of origin or the host
[00:23:14] country, which can be in the form of a resident
[00:23:17] card or a residence permit. All of
[00:23:20] this, these practices which are purely
[00:23:24] ordinary practices of population displacement will become a little more
[00:23:27] complicated with the foundation or the formation of modern states
[00:23:31] that populations have not fully followed. So you have people who have been
[00:23:34] settled in certain countries for a long time, or
[00:23:38] for a long time without ever having had
[00:23:42] the need to declare themselves to
[00:23:45] obtain any paper because that was...
[00:23:48] possible, it was possible and
[00:23:51] so that's why it didn't create any problems
[00:23:55] until the time of the economic crisis
[00:23:59] and people started looking at who
[00:24:02] has a right to what economic resources, whether it's employment
[00:24:06] or small businesses on the streets or
[00:24:10] driving taxis and other things. At that point, people
[00:24:13] start saying, "But exactly, who has a right to what?" Yes, who has been
[00:24:16] here since when and what papers does this person have to justify
[00:24:20] their belonging to the national community? To the national community,
[00:24:24] we see it on this economic question, we see it particularly in South
[00:24:28] Africa when unemployment, poverty, the failure of public
[00:24:31] services become massive, the foreigner is accused of taking jobs,
[00:24:35] housing, you spoke of all these small jobs, so to speak,
[00:24:39] but why does the, let's say, migrant
[00:24:42] become such an effective scapegoat
[00:24:46] for politicians, for politicians? Well, it must be said that scapegoating
[00:24:52] is not a completely new phenomenon in many
[00:24:55] societies, particularly in countries
[00:24:58] of the of
[00:25:01] strong migration,
[00:25:04] and the foreigner becomes always the fuse that
[00:25:08] allows to discuss or rather to
[00:25:11] I would not say to mask the policies or the weakness of
[00:25:15] migratory policies or the policy, the weakness of a
[00:25:18] migration policy that is not
[00:25:22] euh that is not well forged and at that
[00:25:25] moment, in times of crisis, the
[00:25:28] foreigner becomes the fuse that must be blown to make
[00:25:32] euh valid or to give to meet the
[00:25:35] present needs of national
[00:25:38] populations who are starting to claim a certain number of things.
[00:25:41] So it's it's it's a practice that
[00:25:44] unfortunately uh is a bit uh that
[00:25:48] continues on fertile ground because there are
[00:25:51] many African populations that are still under-literate and who
[00:25:55] continue to believe that uh when there is a problem
[00:25:59] whether political or economic, it is first:
[00:26:02] the foreigner, since the political elites
[00:26:05] indicate to them that it is the foreigners who are guilty of the
[00:26:08] problems from which uh the indigenous
[00:26:12] population suffers. So very quickly, that's a bit of the subject. Yes, so
[00:26:16] very quickly, uh this issue of
[00:26:19] displacement, it is also a test or at
[00:26:22] least a test for pan-Africanism.
[00:26:26] Uh can we truly build an economically
[00:26:29] integrated Africa if Africans themselves cannot
[00:26:33] move around without sometimes being considered foreigners uh
[00:26:36] precisely in these areas, is that
[00:26:39] possible?
[00:26:41] Obviously it becomes difficult, I would not say it is impossible, but
[00:26:45] we all notice that it is a difficulty and
[00:26:49] from the 60s until today, neither
[00:26:53] at the regional level, that is to say the regional groupings such as the
[00:26:57] CDAO or the CAC, the CAC, have not
[00:27:00] truly succeeded in... operationalizing this
[00:27:04] principle of freedom of this
[00:27:06] principle of free movement of populations and their goods,
[00:27:10] so you have for example
[00:27:13] difficulties for populations to pass for example from Ivory Coast to Ghana or
[00:27:17] from Benin to Togo because we still have borders, barriers that are
[00:27:21] there and obviously he doesn't have these
[00:27:25] provisions, these devices exist well in
[00:27:28] the in the conventions, in the treaties that have been signed.
[00:27:38] But yes, but he doesn't have any practical measures or a practical element that allows populations to truly
[00:27:42] experience what free movement
[00:27:45] is and
[00:27:48] free establishment. It's the application that poses a problem absolutely at
[00:27:52] the continental level, at the super-regional level. Unfortunately, we have reached the
[00:27:55] end of this focus. Thank you very much Alfred Babo for coming for your
[00:27:59] insights. You will certainly come back because this topic is fascinating and
[00:28:03] I think our viewers have appreciated this focus. This is the
[00:28:06] end of this news broadcast. Thank you to all those who followed us around the world
[00:28:10] and this evening in particular from Ziguinchor to Kinshasa, passing through
[00:28:13] Conakry. Stay with us because the news continues on
[00:28:16] 524.
[00:28:22] Good evening and welcome to politics. Every
[00:28:24] week, Roseline Fèvre receives editorialists and
[00:28:28] discusses with them the major political themes that make the news of the moment. You
[00:28:32] have noticed that there is still a real revolution, it is the French model
[00:28:35] that is at stake. Politics, your show to watch on France 24.
[00:29:08] France 24, economy every day.
[00:29:12] Liberty, equality, actuality.
[00:30:09] It's 10 p.m. in Paris, you are watching the essential on France 24, good evening to
[00:30:12] all, on the front page tonight, Pope Leo XIV's prayer for France, at
[00:30:16] the Grotto of Lourdes, the sovereign pontiff continues his visit to
[00:30:19] France, he was earlier in the day in Paris to celebrate a
[00:30:23] large mass in the Place de la Concorde, some 80,000 people
[00:30:26] had made the trip to attend the service. Also in the
[00:30:30] news, the rejection by the United States of the Iranian plan to open
[00:30:33] the Strait of Hormuz, it had been submitted yesterday in Washington, for the
[00:30:37] American president, it is an admission of weakness on the part of the Iranian
[00:30:40] authorities who are, I quote, losing.
[00:30:44] Finally, Bangkok under water, after 48 hours of torrential rain, many
[00:30:48] roads are flooded, 21 provinces of the country are
[00:30:52] concerned.