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[00:00:08] You're watching "L'essentiel" on France the 50th anniversary of one of the greatest bands in 24. Welcome if you're just joining us.
[00:00:11] First, Pope Leo XIV's prayer for France at the Grotto of
[00:00:15] Lourdes. The Supreme Pontiff continues his visit to France. Earlier
[00:00:19] today, he was in Paris to celebrate a large mass in the Place de la
[00:00:22] Concorde. Some 80,000 people, according to the Vatican, had made the
[00:00:26] trip to attend the service.
[00:00:28] Bangkok underwater. After 48 hours of torrential rain, many
[00:00:32] roads are flooded. 21 provinces of the country are
[00:00:36] affected. And then, thousands of people in the streets of
[00:00:39] Madrid protesting against Pedro Sanchez's government, accusing
[00:00:43] it of not protecting Spain's borders after the influx of migrants
[00:00:46] that occurred this summer in Ceuta, a mobilization supported by the right
[00:00:50] and the far
[00:00:51] right.
[00:01:06] Pope Leo XIV has therefore left Paris for Lourdes
[00:01:10] this evening, a new stage of his trip to France. Lourdes is one of the most
[00:01:13] the size of a lighter, forbidden, famous pilgrimage sites in the world. Tens of thousands of
[00:01:16] people were able to acclaim him again during his procession in
[00:01:20] the Popemobile in the Pyrenean city. The Pope
[00:01:23] then led a prayer for France at the Grotto of
[00:01:27] problem in reverse and Massabielle where the Virgin Mary is said to have appeared to a young shepherdess in
[00:01:30] 1858. He particularly called for a
[00:01:34] harmonious society and for leaders, and I quote, wise and
[00:01:37] generous, ready for self-sacrifice a few months before the presidential
[00:01:41] election.
[00:01:44] Pope Leo XIV, who was in Paris a few hours
[00:01:46] the auspices of the UN for the signing earlier where he celebrated a giant mass in the Place de la Concorde in
[00:01:50] the presence of hundreds of thousands of people. A look back at this
[00:01:53] second day of the visit with Julien
[00:01:55] Dubois.
[00:01:58] An immense crowd on the Champs-Élysées
[00:02:02] to catch a glimpse of Pope Leo
[00:02:04] XIV's Popemobile
[00:02:06] with a few stops along the way by the Supreme Pontiff to
[00:02:10] bless people with disabilities and
[00:02:13] children. The faithful and curious
[00:02:16] acclaim the Pope. Bravo, long live the
[00:02:20] Pope! Yes, we came especially to see the Pope and it was quite
[00:02:24] moving. He passed by in his Popemobile,
[00:02:27] uh... We
[00:02:30] didn't expect to find a spot like that. We hadn't bought tickets but in the end they
[00:02:34] told us "go, go, you can enter" so we entered. We were right in front of
[00:02:38] the barrier but he turned his head at the wrong moment. We are
[00:02:41] happy to have seen him nonetheless. It's a great moment of profound
[00:02:45] joy in union with the Church.
[00:02:48] 70,000 people were gathered according to Vatican figures for this
[00:02:52] procession and the giant open-air mass in the Place de la
[00:02:55] Concorde. These people, this is one of the most beautiful
[00:02:59] periods, one of the days of their lives because they will be able, with other
[00:03:03] Christians with whom they share the same faith, with whom they share the same relationship with Jesus, to live
[00:03:06] something extraordinary on the most beautiful avenue in the world. A mass of one and a
[00:03:10] half hours celebrated by the Pope to conclude this visit to the
[00:03:14] capital, the first for a Supreme Pontiff
[00:03:17] since 2008. Earlier on Saturday, he visited
[00:03:20] a Catholic reception and integration center for migrants,
[00:03:24] and also met newly baptized Catholics at the Catholic
[00:03:27] University of Paris in the
[00:03:30] contents, what we call evening. Leo XIV arrived at the sanctuary of Lourdes for the continuation of his visit to
[00:03:33] France.
[00:03:37] And the Pope is now expected this Sunday to address a sensitive subject: sexual
[00:03:40] violence committed by members of the clergy. A meeting in
[00:03:44] Lourdes is planned with seven victims of violence, a
[00:03:47] format criticized by several associations.
[00:03:50] Etanaji.
[00:03:53] The mosaics adorning the facade of the Rosary Basilica in
[00:03:57] Lourdes, obscured for
[00:03:59] Formerly known as the Venice of the Pope's visit. Leo XIV. They are the work of the artist
[00:04:03] and Jesuit priest Marco Rupnik, accused
[00:04:06] of sexual assault and psychological manipulation by several of his
[00:04:10] former collaborators, including nuns. The
[00:04:13] Vatican reportedly exerted no pressure to conceal them, according to the Bishop of Tarbes
[00:04:17] and Lourdes, who invokes a
[00:04:21] the use of AI to commit symbolic decision out of respect for the pilgrims.
[00:04:24] It's important because the stories of my clients revealed that they themselves
[00:04:28] suffered abuse at the time the artwork itself was being
[00:04:32] created. During
[00:04:35] his visit to Lourdes scheduled for Sunday, the Supreme Pontiff
[00:04:38] will meet seven victims of sexual abuse within the French
[00:04:41] clergy. More than words and condemnations, many
[00:04:45] victims are now awaiting actions from Pope Leo XIV,
[00:04:49] famous pubs. Benjamin de who recently described sexual abuse in the church as an open
[00:04:52] wound. We hope, obviously,
[00:04:56] that this meeting will be strong and not
[00:05:00] only in terms of emotion, but in
[00:05:03] terms of taking a stand, and that he
[00:05:06] will display absolute shame regarding
[00:05:09] all these priests who committed the unspeakable. In
[00:05:13] 2021, a report from an independent commission
[00:05:16] estimated that 33,000
[00:05:19] children had suffered sexual violence within the Catholic Church in
[00:05:22] France, abuses going back seven decades. The
[00:05:26] restorative bodies created by the episcopate after the publication of this
[00:05:30] report, as well as victims' collectives, are already describing a
[00:05:33] missed opportunity. They would have preferred a full day of collective
[00:05:37] discussions. The Catholic authorities have put in place protection
[00:05:41] measures and financial reparations, but victims
[00:05:45] continue to demand accountability and more
[00:05:48] prevention.
[00:05:52] Now to Spain, where part of the population is still furious after the influx
[00:05:56] of migrants this summer in Ceuta. Thousands of people gathered
[00:05:59] this Saturday in Madrid to protest against the government of Pedro Sanchez's
[00:06:03] handling of the crisis. They are demanding early legislative
[00:06:07] elections. Julien Dubois.
[00:06:11] They came among the... in the streets of Madrid, Spanish flags
[00:06:15] in hand, to show their support for the residents of this
[00:06:18] state and to demand the resignation of Prime Minister Pedro
[00:06:22] Sanchez. These Spaniards are angry and reproach their
[00:06:25] leaders for not having protected their country's borders in
[00:06:29] Ceuta, a Spanish enclave in
[00:06:31] Africa. It's a real disaster. The people of
[00:06:35] Ceuta are at their wit's end, so I think they need to be supported, even if we are far
[00:06:38] from them.
[00:06:41] The government remains totally inactive. It does nothing
[00:06:44] and we want to protest because we think it's
[00:06:47] completely unfair. The policy towards Morocco consists
[00:06:51] of giving in to everything that country says, instead of defending
[00:06:54] Spain.
[00:06:57] Two months ago, more than 70,000 migrants from
[00:07:00] Morocco entered on foot or by swimming into the Spanish
[00:07:03] territory located in North Africa. Most of the migrants quickly
[00:07:07] returned to Morocco, but thousands remained in
[00:07:10] Spain. This Saturday's demonstration, organized
[00:07:14] by a civil society platform, was supported by conservatives
[00:07:17] and the far-right Vox party, whose leader
[00:07:21] Santiago Abascal came to demonstrate. Among the
[00:07:24] demands is the return of all migrants who entered
[00:07:27] Ceuta. Faced with this anger, the newspaper
[00:07:30] El País indicates that the Spanish government plans to adopt a decree
[00:07:34] on Tuesday to accelerate the return of migrants from Ceuta to
[00:07:37] Morocco. This week, Pedro Sanchez designated Morocco as
[00:07:41] responsible for this migration crisis, according to a
[00:07:44] report by the Spanish police, the number of Moroccan agents present at
[00:07:48] the border post on the days of the influx was significantly lower than
[00:07:52] normal.
[00:07:55] In Thailand, a state of natural disaster has been declared in
[00:07:59] Bangkok. The capital is underwater due to torrential rains. Many
[00:08:02] businesses, roads and homes have been
[00:08:05] flooded. Axel
[00:08:06] Simon.
[00:08:10] Submerged roads and residents
[00:08:13] having to move in more than twenty centimeters of water, while Bangkok's
[00:08:17] canals overflow and water seeps into buildings, life
[00:08:20] goes on at all costs in the streets of the Thai capital under the torrential rains.
[00:08:24] I
[00:08:27] am in shock, honestly this situation is quite
[00:08:30] frightening. Saturday night, the situation was
[00:08:33] considered stable, even if the roads are still flooded,
[00:08:37] the damage is already considerable. According to the
[00:08:40] Bangkok authorities, the most affected part
[00:08:42] is the east of the city. They have opened several temporary shelters in
[00:08:46] schools and prepared a million sandbags for residents to
[00:08:50] protect their homes and
[00:08:51] businesses.
[00:08:54] Warnings were rather limited this time. The only real alert came
[00:08:58] Thursday morning via a notification on our
[00:09:00] phones.
[00:09:03] Before that, I wasn't sufficiently informed to consider taking refuge
[00:09:07] elsewhere.
[00:09:11] the East, Bangkok is built on ancient swamps and is organized around
[00:09:15] a vast network of canals. The Thai capital regularly experiences
[00:09:19] seasonal floods, particularly in September during the
[00:09:23] monsoon period.
[00:09:26] It's been 10 or 15 years since we've seen such rain and this level of flooding
[00:09:30] here.
[00:09:33] In 2011, major floods across Thailand
[00:09:36] killed over 500 people and damaged millions of
[00:09:39] homes.
[00:09:43] This is the beautiful story of the day, a series of concerts that surprised and
[00:09:47] delighted the residents of Dublin in Ireland. The legendary
[00:09:50] group U2 decided to celebrate its 50th anniversary in its
[00:09:54] city. The crowd went wild when Bono and his partners appeared
[00:09:58] on the balcony of one of Dublin's most
[00:10:02] l'Ombre,
[00:10:06] this is probably every rock fan's
[00:10:08] dream,
[00:10:11] to see U2 appear and play as naturally as possible on the balcony
[00:10:15] of a
[00:10:15] cafe.
[00:10:26] Surprise and free concert yesterday in Dublin to celebrate
[00:10:31] history.
[00:10:35] Half a century of hits that the Irish street
[00:10:38] passionately sings along to. A truly
[00:10:42] unforgettable
[00:10:52] moment. for those who experienced it. I'm very excited. We're very
[00:11:00] excited to be here for their
[00:11:03] anniversary.
[00:11:06] For these 50 years, U2 wanted to blow out its candles at home in Dublin
[00:11:09] and especially where it all began.
[00:11:13] In the afternoon, the band played for the students
[00:11:16] and teachers of Mount Temple Comprehensive
[00:11:19] School, the school where Bono, The
[00:11:22] Edge and the others met for the first time in September
[00:11:26] 1976. The school is so
[00:11:29] important. We would never have met otherwise. A
[00:11:33] 50th anniversary as close as possible to the public, U2 true to its
[00:11:37] habits and its
[00:11:39] roots.
[00:11:41] And that's the end of L'essentiel, stay with us, we'll be back
[00:11:45] tomorrow for a new evening
[00:11:46] of information.
[00:12:03] Hello and welcome to "Aux Avant-postes", the show that
[00:12:06] seeks meaning in the chaos of the world. Without attacking
[00:12:10] the powerful to dry up the breeding ground of
[00:12:13] cybercrime, our guest is not afraid,
[00:12:16] she is the one who arrested Pavel Durov,
[00:12:20] founder of the messaging network Telegram, and she
[00:12:23] is also the one who summoned Elon Musk for the
[00:12:26] excesses of his social network XX
[00:12:29] Twitter. Johanna Brous is the deputy prosecutor of
[00:12:32] the Paris public prosecutor's office in charge of the fight against
[00:12:36] cybercrime. She publishes with Jean-Claude
[00:12:39] Lattes a grimly titled book "Cyber
[00:12:42] Combatant", a work co-written with journalist
[00:12:46] Clémence de de Blazie. Hello Johanna Brous. Hello. So
[00:12:50] it's a book that is both a personal narrative and a
[00:12:53] professional narrative. Why did you, and it's rare,
[00:12:57] want to write while you are still in office? So what you
[00:13:01] need to know is that the cyber threat today has polymorphic forms and is especially very
[00:13:05] intense, and this book is, through
[00:13:08] the investigations we've been able to conduct, to take readers into
[00:13:12] these investigations and show them the state of the threat, because it's getting stronger
[00:13:15] and stronger, you say it, and really, we feel when reading your
[00:13:19] book that it concerns absolutely everything: child sexual abuse,
[00:13:23] data theft, we wonder what escapes cybercriminals.
[00:13:27] Exactly, but that's kind of the observation we make in the justice system
[00:13:30] today. We talk about the cyberization of crime. Oh, really? So
[00:13:34] what does that mean? It means that even traditional
[00:13:37] delinquencies today, well,
[00:13:40] will use a cyber vector to commit offenses. For example, it will be
[00:13:44] car theft using the hacking of connected speakers, it will be
[00:13:48] the hacking of bank ATMs to
[00:13:52] empty them and retrieve the
[00:13:55] cyber-robbery. Today, all forms of
[00:13:59] delinquency have this digital component, and we must respond.
[00:14:02] So there's this aspect where all crimes and
[00:14:06] offenses can also go digital, and the other
[00:14:10] aspect that is also very important in your book is that it's
[00:14:12] cross-border, and it gives the impression that it makes your
[00:14:16] task even more difficult. Indeed, nothing is done
[00:14:20] without international cooperation. You have to imagine that the evidence is
[00:14:24] scattered around the world. Whether it's digital evidence, for example, IP
[00:14:27] addresses that need to be found, whether it's cryptocurrencies, so there's
[00:14:31] a need for this international cooperation and our
[00:14:34] police partners and foreign magistrates to conduct the
[00:14:37] investigations. Everyone has a piece of the puzzle, and by assembling them, we
[00:14:41] succeed in identifying and apprehending cybercriminals. So what we discover in
[00:14:45] your book, and it's very honest of you, you say you're not a geek. You
[00:14:49] arrived in 2017, if my memory serves me well, in this
[00:14:52] J3 cybercrime
[00:14:55] service. You were two or three, and today you are
[00:14:58] 12, 13, is that about right? How do you manage
[00:15:01] not being a digital specialist to adapt? You had to learn
[00:15:05] everything. So that's what I explain in the book, the
[00:15:09] beginnings were a bit complicated because on your first day, I came from the criminal
[00:15:12] permanent office, so I dealt with rapes, murders, drug trafficking,
[00:15:16] and on my first day at J3 they told me, "Johanna, it would be good to
[00:15:20] monitor a botnet network," and with those
[00:15:23] words, it took a little
[00:15:25] time to adapt. What are they? They're basically
[00:15:29] computers used to attack. Exactly. So you
[00:15:32] adapted. We adapted. We trained and we gained
[00:15:36] power progressively. Yeah, there's one lesson you didn't learn,
[00:15:40] uh, that you were given at the beginning of your career,
[00:15:43] you were told, if you want to make a career
[00:15:46] in your, in the
[00:15:49] justice system, you were advised to keep
[00:15:52] quiet, and you did the complete opposite. That's
[00:15:55] one of the first pieces of advice I was given, and I thought to myself, but in justice, we are here precisely to
[00:15:59] speak for victims and
[00:16:03] protect society, so no, indeed, I have always
[00:16:05] fought, but it's not just me.
[00:16:15] I still feel when I read you that you have, well, you have
[00:16:18] shaken up habits very clearly, and each time you were
[00:16:22] told, "No, it's not possible, she's dreaming." You describe very well in this
[00:16:26] book that you tried to mount
[00:16:29] operations differently, meaning that if you wait for the victim's complaint to
[00:16:33] go after criminals and cybercriminals, you're too late.
[00:16:36] So you thought about how to attack the cyber
[00:16:40] vector to go after criminals. Concretely, what is it? It's the
[00:16:44] "prison break" operation where we realized that in French prisons, there were indeed
[00:16:47] a lot of mobile phones, and especially mini-phones
[00:16:51] obviously forbidden, and we said to ourselves, "well, great, what we need
[00:16:54] to do is dismantle the clandestine fleet of miniature
[00:16:58] phones in France," and we launched a national
[00:17:01] operation. So, that's taking the
[00:17:05] cutting off the tap to avoid having
[00:17:08] to pick up all the cases one by one. A lot of
[00:17:12] imagination, therefore. A lot of
[00:17:15] imagination. You have to be one step ahead of the criminals, that's
[00:17:18] essential. Yes, so I said at the beginning, you
[00:17:22] took a very strong stance on
[00:17:24] Pavel Durov, the creator of the Telegram network, the
[00:17:27] Telegram messaging service, and also on Elon
[00:17:30] Musk. Pavel Durov, you arrested him. Elon Musk, you summoned
[00:17:34] him, he didn't come. So I'd like us to listen to the reaction.
[00:17:37] First, from the spokesperson of the European Commission, named Thomas
[00:17:41] Reigner, who spoke on January 5, 2026,
[00:17:44] and then you'll see, we'll have a French deputy, Éric Beauté, who
[00:17:48] spoke in April 2026. The
[00:17:52] first one promises that
[00:17:54] Europe will react, and the other is satisfied with the fact that you
[00:17:58] reacted. Let's
[00:17:59] listen.
[00:18:02] We are perfectly aware of the fact that X or Groq, or
[00:18:05] X for Groq, now offers a so-called "daring" mode featuring
[00:18:09] explicit sexual content, including some generated images depicting
[00:18:13] children. This is not daring, it's illegal, it's
[00:18:16] revolting, it's repugnant, that's how we see it, and it
[00:18:20] has no place in Europe.
[00:18:24] And I rejoice that I am in a country that decides,
[00:18:27] through its national law, to use its national law to assert
[00:18:30] that platforms are welcome here, but on condition that they operate under the
[00:18:34] conditions we ourselves have set. So,
[00:18:36] Johanna Brous, deputy prosecutor
[00:18:40] of the Republic, uh, you dared
[00:18:43] twice to arrest Pavel Durov and then summon Elon
[00:18:46] Musk. Uh, why did
[00:18:49] you dare? In fact, in French law, there is an
[00:18:53] offense called the offense of illicit platform administration, which allows us
[00:18:56] to demand accountability from the
[00:18:59] leaders of large platforms when these platforms do not
[00:19:02] comply with the law. So, indeed, an investigation was
[00:19:05] opened against the Telegram network. Pavel Durov was
[00:19:09] arrested and indicted by the investigating judges because he refused to collaborate,
[00:19:12] that's one of the problems. There are
[00:19:16] other offenses on his platform. What he's also
[00:19:20] accused of is not having done enough moderation, and yes,
[00:19:24] cleaning up. So, you could see child pornography images. He has that whole
[00:19:27] side of things. And then, the X case for which he was indeed
[00:19:31] seized by a deputy and summoned
[00:19:34] Elon Musk, Elinda Jacarino, who
[00:19:37] managed X in France, to hear them on the facts they were
[00:19:41] accused of. They did not come. We
[00:19:45] opened a judicial investigation against them and requested their indictment.
[00:19:49] With Pavel Durov, you were lucky, he came to
[00:19:51] France. He did
[00:19:55] indeed spend a few days in Paris and was arrested. He was
[00:19:59] arrested, yeah. Uh, when you take this initiative,
[00:20:02] uh, is it you individually who takes it? You
[00:20:05] don't ask for authorization from the executive
[00:20:09] power, even less from the President of the Republic. So justice is
[00:20:13] completely independent, it does not report uh, indeed to the executive
[00:20:16] power. However, uh, the public prosecutor's office, and this is its
[00:20:19] strength, we are a collective, so that means that when I make this decision, obviously I discuss
[00:20:23] it with the Paris public prosecutor, Laure Beccuau, I discuss it with colleagues, and it is this collective
[00:20:26] that allows us to stand firm, uh, because in these cases
[00:20:30] there are very strong political and diplomatic stakes, and the pressure can
[00:20:34] at times be quite heavy. So with
[00:20:36] Pavel Durov, you got immediate results. You write
[00:20:40] in the book that just two days after his
[00:20:43] arrest, the platform suddenly started collaborating.
[00:20:47] Indeed, very soon we received
[00:20:51] answers to our requisitions, which then allows cases to move forward, because
[00:20:54] when you know who posted such a child
[00:20:58] pornographic image on the platform, you can go and arrest them. So
[00:21:01] we need this information. Yes, and so now you got it more easily and
[00:21:05] we can say that the collaboration is easier
[00:21:08] now, and so it's going well. The collaboration is good. So we had to take
[00:21:12] action. In any case, we had the legal framework
[00:21:16] that allowed us, and today the investigation continues.
[00:21:20] And we'll see in the end if there are enough elements or
[00:21:23] not to refer him to a court. So the investigation must
[00:21:26] continue calmly and everything will be carefully examined. And then you go
[00:21:30] after Elon Musk? After we are
[00:21:32] seized. You, in relation
[00:21:36] to this multinational,
[00:21:39] well, it's an important case that we handled with
[00:21:43] seriousness. Now it's no longer my responsibility. There
[00:21:46] are investigating judges who will continue the investigation and they will see
[00:21:50] if there is a need to go further. It was important,
[00:21:52] exemplarity. Exemplarity is important for everyone. And
[00:21:56] what's also important to remember is that justice is
[00:21:59] the same for everyone. I think that's a message we must
[00:22:03] convey and to which we must be committed. Hmm, so what
[00:22:07] pleasantly surprised me when reading
[00:22:11] your book is the aspect of international cooperation. Uh,
[00:22:14] you don't seem to complain about it, quite the contrary, you find that
[00:22:18] it works rather well, which is quite surprising on
[00:22:22] this aspect. So I suggest we listen to the Vietnamese
[00:22:25] President, Luong Cuong, who spoke on October
[00:22:29] 25, 2026, 25, and it was on
[00:22:32] the occasion of a meeting under
[00:22:36] by some sixty countries of a convention to
[00:22:40] precisely further improve cooperation in the
[00:22:43] fight against cybercrime. Let's
[00:22:46] listen.
[00:22:49] For the convention to be truly implemented in practice, it requires not only
[00:22:53] political will but also international cooperation in terms of
[00:22:57] resources, training, technical assistance, and technology
[00:23:00] transfer. These efforts will contribute to strengthening the capacities of
[00:23:03] nations and building a safe and stable
[00:23:06] cyberspace.
[00:23:08] There are two aspects: political will. Do you
[00:23:12] feel it in the cooperation?
[00:23:14] Not really, because we are very
[00:23:17] operational, meaning that there are texts, conventions that
[00:23:21] exist and we apply them to be able to ask for help from different countries. Thanks
[00:23:25] to that, I've been able to carry out
[00:23:27] searches all over the world. For example, I went to Canada to
[00:23:30] arrest a hacker who had committed ransomware attacks. We see you in
[00:23:34] Morocco too. I went to Morocco, I even went to
[00:23:37] Russia at another time. it was finally me, I
[00:23:41] regularly go to Senegal too, so there it's more for
[00:23:45] training projects, but because we need to initiate these
[00:23:48] trainings and this dialogue with our partners to be effective
[00:23:51] collectively, can we push this cooperation further?
[00:23:55] yes, I think we can push it because sometimes the processing times are a
[00:23:59] bit long, that's what I also talk about in the book, it took us almost 2 years to recover
[00:24:03] a mobile phone in Brazil, so we recovered it but it's 2 years
[00:24:06] of investigation and perseverance, so there are
[00:24:10] also several countries that want to recover either
[00:24:13] elements or tools or people, so there too we need to
[00:24:17] agree on who will take on the
[00:24:20] prosecution and so on, and does that improve or
[00:24:23] not? Yes, overall, I think today everyone
[00:24:26] manages to find their place and there is in any case in Europe an extraordinary
[00:24:30] cooperation tool called Eurojust. Eurojust is
[00:24:33] located in The Hague in the Netherlands, and it allows you, when you have
[00:24:37] difficulties on a case, whether the evidence is scattered around the world or the
[00:24:40] perpetrators are everywhere on the planet, to
[00:24:44] meet, exchange, see who will give what for which investigation and who will
[00:24:47] arrest which person, so that's extremely important. So it works with many
[00:24:51] countries, it works less, as you said, with Russia, how does it work with
[00:24:55] Beijing and with Washington? Well, Russia has
[00:24:58] no more cooperation at all, it has been suspended,
[00:25:00] with China, there are returns of requests for mutual assistance and
[00:25:04] letters rogatory, and with the United States we manage to have very
[00:25:08] good operational cooperation, we
[00:25:10] regularly build cases together, recently,
[00:25:13] I think it was in July, we dismantled a
[00:25:17] platform that allowed to create... fake sexual content, concretely what is it?
[00:25:20] These are women who were put on
[00:25:24] this platform and undressed in extremely suggestive positions,
[00:25:28] it was the United States that alerted us to the
[00:25:31] existence of this platform, that gave us the elements to identify and arrest
[00:25:34] the perpetrator in France, and he was judged and condemned in Paris, so you see
[00:25:38] these are very concrete implications. Okay, so there are platforms where
[00:25:42] things don't go as well, the platform
[00:25:45] located in Australia, or I don't know if it's Kick, yes, there is a case
[00:25:49] indeed.
[00:25:52] There are some pretty bad things on this platform, the leaders didn't want to meet you, simply.
[00:25:55] So, sometimes, indeed, when
[00:25:58] we summon people we want to hear, they don't come.
[00:26:02] In this case, a preliminary investigation was also opened,
[00:26:05] and the prosecutor of Paris, Lord Becio, indicated that
[00:26:09] arrest warrants had been requested. It's not because
[00:26:13] people don't come that justice will not continue its work. And then there is another
[00:26:16] aspect that is also close to your heart, which is
[00:26:20] prevention. How to prevent or
[00:26:22] train internet users so that they are not victims of
[00:26:26] cybercriminals. I suggest you listen to Scott Bessent, who is
[00:26:29] the US Secretary of the Treasury. He spoke on
[00:26:33] September 1, 2026, at a G20 finance
[00:26:36] meeting, and he also insists on the
[00:26:40] need to train internet users. Let's
[00:26:42] listen to him:
[00:26:44] Financial education is not just a program for
[00:26:48] young people, we find that many of our elders are targeted by
[00:26:52] fraudsters at a time when cybercrime is on
[00:26:54] the rise, by working together, we can foster a
[00:26:58] growing economy, give everyone the knowledge needed to
[00:27:01] benefit from it...
[00:27:09] also on prevention, why? If we want to be
[00:27:12] effective, we must, well, when I say effective, it means being a
[00:27:15] cyber-resilient nation, we must train young
[00:27:18] people as early as possible in the good uses of the
[00:27:22] internet, we set up with national
[00:27:25] education, the gendarmerie, cyber malicious acts, the CNIL,
[00:27:29] an operation called Cactus which aims to... educate all
[00:27:33] middle and high school students in France about cyber risks, so it's
[00:27:37] an operation that is reproduced year after year, so we are truly trying to have a very
[00:27:41] strong commitment, and even more so, you will have noticed that we have had
[00:27:44] a wave of data leaks in France committed
[00:27:47] essentially by either minors or young adults.
[00:27:51] Oh yes, and that's what we also see in your book, the hackers
[00:27:55] you arrest are young, aren't they? They are very young, yes.
[00:27:59] And so the young are both obviously among the
[00:28:02] first victims with the elderly, but they are also among the
[00:28:06] hackers who succeed in operations.
[00:28:09] Exactly, because we notice that we have a lot of
[00:28:13] young people who are very strong in cyber matters but who will cut
[00:28:16] themselves off from the world, isolate themselves, sometimes no longer leave their rooms, and they
[00:28:20] will, well, live, build a certain notoriety through this
[00:28:24] myth of the hero hacker, and that's what we're trying to deconstruct.
[00:28:28] Regularly, when I have young people in police custody, sometimes minors, we can't
[00:28:32] do the whole operation in one go because we have to analyze the computer equipment,
[00:28:35] so they will have to come back, and I tell them, "You will have to come back, but in the meantime, I want you to
[00:28:39] be enrolled, I don't know, in sports, that you have gone back to school, and you
[00:28:43] will come back with the supporting documents, and we will take them into account." And so
[00:28:46] just a few days ago, a young person
[00:28:50] came back with all his supporting documents for enrollment in the gym, and so that's
[00:28:54] the first step towards reintegration, it's basic,
[00:28:57] getting them out of their rooms and showing them that there's another world
[00:29:01] possible. Victims of a lot of naivety.
[00:29:05] Yes, and naivety, and then I think
[00:29:08] sometimes these are young people who are in social difficulties, they don't
[00:29:12] necessarily have many friends, and through these hacking acts, they
[00:29:15] feel like they exist, they find an existence, an existence.
[00:29:19] So that's exactly what we need to deconstruct. So you also say
[00:29:23] in the book that your operations have made it possible to
[00:29:26] recover a lot of money, especially in Bitcoin
[00:29:29] and so on. However, we see that your means are not
[00:29:33] extraordinary, yet the AI wave
[00:29:36] is coming, and behind it the quantum wave, which
[00:29:40] will give criminals, cybercriminals
[00:29:44] more and more means, we already see it. Oh, you already see it, we already see it
[00:29:48] through the hacking acts that are committed thanks
[00:29:52] to AI, and we are starting to raise the alarm by
[00:29:56] saying that we will have to think also about this
[00:29:59] question, should an AI provider who does not sufficiently protect their
[00:30:03] AI, which allows the realization of cyberattacks and other
[00:30:06] information, at this level, be able to have their
[00:30:09] responsibility
[00:30:12] of the creator of the AI algorithm, so that's not for us to
[00:30:15] get involved in this debate, it's for the parliamentarians, but in any case, we are raising the alarm by saying
[00:30:19] here, beware, there is a resurgence of
[00:30:23] cybercrimes. And a last question, so for your investigations, does
[00:30:27] AI and quantum tomorrow make your investigations even more complicated?
[00:30:30] I hope not, you will have the means, well, we will have the
[00:30:34] means, if the large platforms play the game, we can send them
[00:30:38] requests, they will send us
[00:30:40] evidence and we can go and catch the
[00:30:43] criminals, no, I hope not, I remain, I remain confident, very well, thank you Johanna Brous for your
[00:30:47] answers, it's time for our segment in the
[00:30:50] radar,
[00:30:51] to live, an investigation, a study, an
[00:30:56] article that caught my attention this week,