FRANCE24 — broadcast 20261011 200000 UTC 452 transcript segments Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (https://www.gdeltproject.org/), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive. Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record. [00:00:00] for Sierra Leone to see on France 24 and our social [00:00:07] magnitude from other wholesalers in [00:00:08] minors, however unaccompanied level, especially unaccompanied networks, it's 10pm in Paris, back to [00:00:11] under Spanish the essentials on France 24, at the top this evening, Raphael Glucksmann's victory in France in the first round of the left-wing primary, [00:00:15] he won with 66% of the votes, he wants to be the [00:00:19] candidate who can beat the far right, we're going to talk about it in a moment with [00:00:23] Roseline Fèvre, head of the political service of France [00:00:25] 24, political news in Spain [00:00:28] also with a first. campaign ahead of the legislative elections in November, [00:00:32] the housing crisis and the migratory crisis are at the heart of the tensions, [00:00:36] analysis to follow from our guest Nicolas Clin: [00:00:54] the Socialist Party therefore has its official candidate for 2027, it's [00:00:58] MEP Raphael Glucksmann, he... won this Sunday the left-wing primary in [00:01:01] the first round, [00:01:05] week following the announcement of he who advocates a clear break with [00:01:05] civil wars that West La France Insoumise, he also presents himself as the candidate who can beat [00:01:09] the far right, we're going to listen to him, it was this evening on France [00:01:14] conditions. First of all, we will be able to produce 2, it's the victory of all those who believe that we need a democratic left in [00:01:18] our country, that the left must break with this [00:01:21] hegemony of Jean-Luc Mélenchon over it, that it [00:01:24] must propose a project that strengthens the Republic, that [00:01:27] strengthens democracy, that strengthens... social justice that [00:01:31] strengthens the ecological imperative, you [00:01:34] know, I am convinced that there are millions of French women and men [00:01:37] who are waiting for this moment, who are waiting to be able to vote [00:01:41] without sacrificing a part of themselves, without telling themselves that they are simply voting against, [00:01:45] but that they are voting for what they believe in, for what constitutes their [00:01:48] political identity, it is to them that I address myself, your time has [00:01:51] come, this election will be our [00:01:53] election, [00:01:55] Raphael Glucksmann's optimism, we talk about it with you, Roseline Fèvre, good evening, [00:01:59] good evening. We expected him to win this primary, he was in [00:02:03] any case considered the favorite, perhaps not in the first round, it's a [00:02:07] strong signal that he [00:02:10] government on the importance of wins this weekend, yes of course, it's a very nice very nice victory, 66%, it's [00:02:14] huge, it's on the other hand a huge slap in the face [00:02:17] for Olivier Faure, the leader of the Socialist [00:02:20] Party, and in a way the [00:02:22] victory, if so well wrapped if I may [00:02:26] say for Raphael Glucksmann, well that kind of... [00:02:30] the option for the moment of François Hollande who [00:02:33] was a bit in ambush and who also [00:02:36] represents social democracy, [00:02:40] if it had been Olivier Faure it would have been a different ball game [00:02:43] and in that case François Hollande could [00:02:47] Koriardu, on the premises of have gone frankly, [00:02:50] now he hopes perhaps that Raphael [00:02:53] Glucksmann won't really rise in the polls, for now he [00:02:57] is at 12, 13, there will be. dynamic anyway, so that's [00:03:01] what we need to look at, if he will have this dynamic and in that case [00:03:05] uh I imagine that well François Hollande [00:03:08] will obviously give up going, I'm talking about him because he is [00:03:12] the former president of the Republic and it's true that it was playing out tonight [00:03:16] it's this double trigger actually in a way [00:03:20] that was playing out but he also has two things is that we now clearly [00:03:23] see that he has these famous two irreconcilable [00:03:26] lefts that had been theorized, you remember by Manuel [00:03:30] Valls, that is to say the radical left and a social-democratic [00:03:33] European anti-Putin left [00:03:36] uh, the social-democratic [00:03:39] anti-Putin left that you are talking about, it will now have to unite, the debates [00:03:43] before this primary, the debates of the primary were particularly [00:03:47] diamond trade, the industry's stormy between the five candidates, will they [00:03:49] succeed in now shaking hands until [00:03:53] victory, well that's the whole question, [00:03:56] shock following normally a primary, it's that when you do a primary in a [00:04:00] Avascal in Madrid. and party it's because it doesn't have a natural candidate who is [00:04:02] really there and so it's a factor as everyone many people say [00:04:06] of division normally the primary [00:04:09] the logic would have it that the primary chooses the best and that everyone goes [00:04:13] behind him, today they have [00:04:16] chosen in any case a clear line, but will they all [00:04:19] be behind him, that's the big question, it's Ségolène Royal [00:04:23] who had called him an intern, [00:04:26] will she go ring the bells [00:04:29] in the villages, roll up her sleeves [00:04:32] for Raphael Glucksmann, not sure, [00:04:35] is Olivier Faure who was the partisan of extending a [00:04:39] hand to sorry to the Insoumises, [00:04:43] had Raphael Glucksmann's answer tonight, excuse me, I have a [00:04:47] cat in my throat, rupture, he said it, [00:04:50] rupture of Jean-Luc Mélenchon's hegemony, he [00:04:54] therefore has these these supporters not [00:04:58] so sure. Raphael Glucksmann says he [00:05:01] simply wants to beat the far right, except that [00:05:05] for now he's not in the second round, the far right, yes, [00:05:08] how will he catch up on all his delay, yes that's the whole question. [00:05:12] and especially the key question [00:05:15] is how he maneuvers [00:05:18] to first expand his base, what he [00:05:22] tells each other and above all if he can [00:05:26] catch up with Jean-Luc Mélenchon, that's the question after [00:05:29] uh anyway the National Rally is in [00:05:32] the lead in all opinion polls, that's clear [00:05:36] beating Marine Le Pen anyway. but anything can happen [00:05:39] in a campaign, you've seen with Jordan Bardella [00:05:43] who was the darling, the dauphin, the [00:05:46] presidential if Marine Le Pen was prevented for the [00:05:49] affairs, who today with the Mediapart affair [00:05:52] is crumbling, so you see that in all [00:05:55] electoral campaigns, at some point things reverse, either for [00:05:58] exogenous reasons, that is to say external, [00:06:02] or [00:06:06] extérieur, soit [00:06:09] accidents along the way, things that come out. [00:06:13] on François Fillon and his famous suit, so many things [00:06:16] can happen, so clever is the one or very clever [00:06:20] tonight, the one who can say what will happen, I don't know, [00:06:24] it's all a question of indeed dynamics, news, [00:06:27] and then of program already because Raphael [00:06:31] Glucksmann still has to make his program, but in any case he can [00:06:35] believe in a victory at this stage, yes and tonight it [00:06:38] looked like yes a victorious evening of course, thank you thank you [00:06:42] very much. Roseline, we will now move on to the news in Spain, we [00:06:45] announced it yesterday, the campaign has started in view of the early [00:06:49] legislative elections on November 29th, two subjects [00:06:52] crystallize tensions, the migratory crisis and the housing [00:06:56] crisis, we are going to listen to the socialist and conservative candidates Pedro Sanchez and [00:06:59] Alberto Nougnez Feiro during their first meeting this [00:07:03] weekend. [00:07:07] We must protect our security, protect [00:07:10] our borders, protect our rights. We must protect [00:07:14] our way of life, three words: [00:07:17] security and prosperity, and one [00:07:20] decision, to serve and defend [00:07:22] Spain. [00:07:25] Today, the social cause bears the name of a 97-year-old woman, who [00:07:29] died after being evicted from her home, and who told [00:07:33] us something very important to keep in mind during all these [00:07:36] days, all these years of government that will follow November 29. [00:07:40] She told us that no one else should suffer what I [00:07:44] suffered. [00:07:46] And Nicolas Clin, good evening, you are a Spanish teacher in preparatory class [00:07:50] specializing in Spain so that we understand well what is happening at the moment [00:07:53] in the country, the president of the Spanish government Pedro Sanchez has [00:07:57] called early legislative elections for what exact [00:08:00] reason? [00:08:03] So for what exact reason, in fact, because he noted, what everyone [00:08:07] had already noted for a long time, including himself in [00:08:10] reality, is that... he doesn't have a majority in [00:08:13] parliament, he doesn't have a majority around his [00:08:16] government coalition which includes both the Spanish Socialist Workers' [00:08:20] Party and the radical left of Soumar [00:08:23] and it exploded into the open, it was revealed into the open with the [00:08:27] attempt on the part of [00:08:31] Pedro Sanchez to pass two royal decree-laws [00:08:34] concerning housing following the Marie Carmen Abascal case. So [00:08:37] that's not new, in reality, he has never had a majority [00:08:41] around him since the July [00:08:45] 2023 elections, what is called the [00:08:48] investiture bloc which had allowed him to remain in power was an extremely [00:08:52] circumstantial bloc, some elements of which [00:08:55] have gradually moved away, I am thinking particularly of the Catalan separatist [00:08:59] right-wing party Together for Catalonia and noting [00:09:02] that, he wanted to take the gamble [00:09:05] of the social [00:09:09] the eviction of Marie Carmen [00:09:12] the failure of these two decree-laws saying "I'm going to ask [00:09:16] the voters, especially the progressive voters, to give me [00:09:20] a real majority [00:09:23] for myself and eventually also for my radical left allies like [00:09:27] Soumar who will actually become what is now called the broad front "frenteam [00:09:30] plio" but it's another name for more or less the same thing. We understand that this famous [00:09:34] housing crisis with Marie Carmen Abascal was finally [00:09:38] favorable to Pedro Sanchez to be able to justify these new elections and perhaps..." [00:09:43] obtain a majority, but he has another crisis at the moment that [00:09:46] is attracting attention, it's the migrant crisis that started [00:09:50] this summer in Ceuta, most of these migrants were sent back [00:09:54] to Morocco, but several thousands remained on Spanish territory without being [00:09:57] taken care of, it was only this Sunday that the last large migrant camp was [00:10:01] dismantled in Ceuta, why did Pedro Sanchez and his government [00:10:05] take so long to get the situation under [00:10:07] control? [00:10:10] So the problem in Ceuta. complex because you have [00:10:14] immigrants who were quickly expelled effectively, a large number [00:10:18] also left on their own accord in the days that [00:10:21] followed the entry of tens of thousands. [00:10:25] of people illegally into Ceuta, but you also have [00:10:28] more complex cases on an administrative [00:10:33] minors, both [00:10:36] law and with regard to European legislation, cannot [00:10:40] be expelled just like that, in fact European [00:10:43] law and consequently Spanish law [00:10:45] states that an unaccompanied minor [00:10:49] must first be processed [00:10:52] administratively according to his best interests. and so this [00:10:56] takes much longer on an administrative and judicial [00:10:59] level, in reality these two cases, the Ceuta case [00:11:02] and the housing case, the Marie Carmine Avascal case are [00:11:06] not necessarily as favorable as that to [00:11:09] Pedro Sanchez and the left, on the Ceuta case it's quite [00:11:13] unfavorable, even very unfavorable to Pedro Sanchez because there is a whole [00:11:17] part of the Spanish population that reproaches him for having taken too long to [00:11:21] act and even to communicate on the issue and as for the housing case we will [00:11:24] see... what comes of it, but the first polls that came out this [00:11:30] the dissolution of parliament are very far from being favorable to the left and that's an [00:11:33] understatement. Will Pedro Sanchez manage to mobilize his [00:11:37] electorate on the housing issue? Perhaps, we'll see, he has already been able to [00:11:41] recover from complicated situations in the past, but this one is particularly [00:11:44] unfavorable for him. Thank you, thank you very much Nicolas Clin for [00:11:48] your insights, stay with us on France 24, now we [00:11:52] are going to move on to the return ticket from... 24 years ago [00:11:56] the negotiations of the Kimberly Process began, designed to put [00:12:00] an end to the trade in blood diamonds, made famous [00:12:03] by the Sierra Leone civil war, accused [00:12:07] of complicity, the diamond industry has since sought to clean up its [00:12:10] image, but a quarter of a century later, have former blood diamonds really [00:12:14] become synonymous with development? We talk about it with [00:12:17] Sarah Saco and Simon [00:12:18] Martin. [00:12:33] Never heard of the term of blood diamonds before. Blood diamonds may [00:12:37] once have been an alien concept to the supermodel Naami Camble. It [00:12:41] certainly isn't now. Over one million diggers like these [00:12:44] search for diamonds in Africa. They make less than [00:12:47] dollar a day. During the 90s, in Sierra [00:12:51] Leone, in the Democratic Republic of Congo or in Ivory Coast. [00:12:55] diamonds were used as currency for the purchase of weapons during civil [00:12:58] wars. They were called blood [00:13:02] diamonds, they were at the heart of the civil war that [00:13:05] devastated Sierra Leone during the 1990s. [00:13:09] The battle for control of the diamond mines was bloody [00:13:13] for the local populations and led to a parallel economy [00:13:17] supported by large international firms. An [00:13:20] illegal trade that probably brought in up to 125 million [00:13:24] dollars. per year and financed the fighting, and it is thanks to [00:13:28] Hollywood that the general public truly became aware of the [00:13:31] scandal, thanks to the film Blood Diamonds with [00:13:34] Leonardo DiCaprio released in 2006, an [00:13:38] exposure that forced the global diamond industry, which was singled out, [00:13:42] to change its rules to try to restore its [00:13:45] image. 25 years ago, the Kimberly [00:13:48] Process began, negotiations through which the major producing countries and international [00:13:52] diamond groups established. a control of the origin of the [00:13:56] stones to prevent history from repeating itself. A quarter of a century [00:14:00] later, the industry claims to have changed, speaks of [00:14:03] ethical trade, of development of local communities, but in the [00:14:07] district of Kono, the epicenter of the former blood [00:14:12] promises are far from all fulfilled. Return ticket to [00:14:16] Sierra Leone on the trail of blood diamonds, it's a report by Sarah [00:14:19] Saco and Simon [00:14:20] Martin. [00:14:36] Father, we entrust Sierra Leone to you, [00:14:39] God, I pray that you will raise our nation, that you will bless our [00:14:42] nation, let's pray for more opportunities in this country, [00:14:46] more businesses and job opportunities, for those who are without [00:14:49] work, in the name of Jesus Christ, these [00:14:52] sermons are recognizable among thousands. [00:14:55] Yet, it was not them that made the reputation of Pastor [00:14:58] Emmanuel Momo. 10 [00:15:01] years ago, the man of faith, then an artisanal miner, [00:15:05] discovers on his exploitation a stone that [00:15:08] will change his life and make the round of the [00:15:10] world. A pastor working in the mines of Eastern [00:15:14] Sierra Leone has the nurced a 706 karat [00:15:16] diamond. Still, it's one of the [00:15:18] top. [00:15:23] A stone that the pastor named. [00:15:37] if I sold it to a local buyer, it would not benefit the nation, [00:15:41] so I decided to hand it over to the [00:15:42] government, [00:15:50] the pastor has since left the diamond world, but he has not [00:15:54] forgotten his region of origin, goodbye everyone, [00:15:58] monde, [00:16:01] the Kono district several hundred kilometers to [00:16:04] the east, the diamond heartland of the country. [00:16:09] The Kono district is a region where diamonds have been found [00:16:13] for over a century. [00:16:37] In 1980. 11, the country ignites, it's the [00:16:40] beginning of one of the most violent [00:16:43] Africa has known. The control of Kono and its diamonds [00:16:47] becomes an absolute priority for the rebels who pour into the [00:16:50] region. Here is a typical example of one of the [00:16:54] common pits in the Kono district called the savage's [00:16:57] well. Thus begins one of the darkest [00:17:01] pages in Sierra Leone's history, and a [00:17:04] tragically famous traffic. [00:18:07] 15% of the sale of his fabulous stone went to [00:18:11] the community of Koriardu where it was [00:18:13] discovered, enough to transform the small village [00:18:17] kilometers from the first paved [00:18:19] road. Here we are in [00:18:24] the Peace Diamond School, [00:18:28] more than 250 children are currently enrolled here, they [00:18:32] come from different [00:18:33] communities, [00:18:36] the pastor founded. [00:19:08] Many children drop out of school because of this, at 13 or 14, they were [00:19:11] sent to the city, but they were not used to city life, to living [00:19:15] conditions, to safety issues, by the time they [00:19:18] adapted, some came back to the village pregnant and then became very [00:19:21] young mothers, [00:19:25] a campus born of the pastor's will but [00:19:29] maintained by the diamond industry which seeks to clean up its [00:19:32] image. The school's funding is provided by [00:19:36] a foundation. [00:19:39] the same one that organized the auction of the Peace [00:19:42] Diamond. their intervention was [00:19:45] decisive, they managed to attract qualified teachers [00:19:49] as well as a qualified director who convinced the [00:19:52] community. [00:19:55] the family business plans an expansion to build a [00:19:58] high school and also finances a health center that welcomes [00:20:02] thousands of patients per year. [00:20:05] enough to make Koriardu more than a beautiful [00:20:08] story, the village is today the showcase [00:20:12] of an industry that claims to be transformed, [00:20:15] equitable and virtuous, a [00:20:17] turning point of which the peace diamond is the founding [00:20:20] symbol, as Martine Rapaport, patriarch of [00:20:23] this family, one of the most influential in the [00:20:27] sector, already said. [00:20:30] It shows the way to a different future, people will buy diamonds [00:20:33] for their social impact which is enormous, that's its [00:20:36] value. That's [00:20:38] it, [00:20:41] via the Empower Africa foundation, the [00:20:45] family regularly organizes field visits for diamantaires from all [00:20:48] over the world. radiates this [00:20:50] narrative. [00:20:57] Participants will meet with mining communities and will be able to [00:21:00] reflect on ways to contribute to sustainable economic [00:21:03] development. [00:21:06] A few tens of kilometers away, however, the miners of the [00:21:10] region tell a completely different story. Starting [00:21:13] with the employees of Koidu Limited, the country's largest [00:21:17] industrial mine, founded by the group. of an Israeli [00:21:20] billionaire, a huge chasm that extracted [00:21:24] 100 million dollars worth of stone every [00:21:26] year, good morning Mr. Rogers, good morning everyone, [00:21:30] so if I understand correctly, you are all former workers of what was the most [00:21:34] prestigious company in Sierra [00:21:35] Leone. [00:21:38] At the end of 2024, the workers launched strike movements [00:21:42] to obtain a revaluation of their salaries. Overnight, [00:21:46] the company then suspended its activities. [00:21:50] almost all of these employees. Today [00:21:54] on trial, he tells of untenable working [00:21:57] conditions to activist Ibrahim [00:21:59] Bokari. [00:22:02] In the field, I cut five fingers. I told them about it, but [00:22:05] they didn't support me and fired [00:22:07] me. [00:22:09] For those who worked underground, they ate and relieved themselves in the same [00:22:13] place. Sometimes some drank the water that flowed from the [00:22:16] stone, we were never given drinking water. [00:22:22] Unions estimate that Koidu Limited owes its employees [00:22:25] more than 32 million euros in unpaid [00:22:28] wages. Through its lawyers, the company [00:22:32] denounces unfounded and malicious accusations. [00:22:36] Based on falsified documents to [00:22:39] extort money from the company, a [00:22:42] defense that does not convince the activist. This is not the [00:22:46] first time that something like this has happened in the mining sector in [00:22:49] Sierra Leone. We could call these investors polluters, [00:22:53] because they have infested our land and contaminated our population with [00:22:56] diseases. It is a form of corporate [00:22:58] banditry. [00:23:02] And if industrial exploitations are regularly criticized for their [00:23:05] practices, artisanal miners do not necessarily fare [00:23:09] better. Hello everyone, how [00:23:12] are you? [00:23:15] Regularly, Ibrahim goes to meet them directly [00:23:19] on the sites of... [00:23:50] digital to determine the value of a stone, so they themselves [00:23:53] don't really have the means to know how much it's worth, that's what [00:23:57] keeps people in a cycle of poverty, even when [00:24:01] you find a diamond, you don't have access to the right market to [00:24:04] sell it, [00:24:07] a grueling job that pays little and sometimes exposes [00:24:11] miners to repression by authorities, as evidenced by [00:24:14] police raids on unlicensed sites that are proliferating in the [00:24:18] region, she found out at her [00:24:21] own [00:24:23] expense, one day I went there and a soldier caught me and started to hit [00:24:27] me, the soldiers were even hitting us with sticks, all that [00:24:30] because of this sand, because he said we shouldn't take [00:24:33] it, the mother of the family arrived a few [00:24:36] months ago, she is already looking to leave this industry that barely [00:24:40] allows her to survive, [00:24:44] these diamonds we find them but we suffer from them and the more we [00:24:48] suffer the more we lose. [00:25:32] the district wholesale association is the lock [00:25:35] that shackles the local market, the heart of their [00:25:38] power, to fix the purchase price of stones to the Kono [00:25:42] miners and that of their resale to [00:25:44] exporters, when someone comes into my office, I have my [00:25:48] magnifying glass, I look at it. very carefully in the light to see if the diamond is [00:25:52] perfect, it has the clarity of the diamond, its [00:25:56] shape and its weight in carat, all that makes its [00:25:58] price. [00:26:03] We won't have more details, but off [00:26:06] camera, we get an order of [00:26:10] the city. A one-carat diamond, bought for a few [00:26:13] tens of euros from miners, can be sold for between [00:26:17] 2,000 and 20,000 euros in Western [00:26:20] jewelers. [00:26:24] Hello, hello everyone, hello [00:26:26] chief, [00:26:28] so today, this meeting aims to review the progress of the work within. [00:26:32] the community, tell us, how do you feel about [00:26:36] the project so far in the village, [00:26:40] faced with this injustice, several communities in the district [00:26:43] seek to extract themselves from this cycle supported by [00:26:46] NGOs. for 3 years, the village of [00:26:50] Yigbed has started to fill in its diamond [00:26:53] pits. here we have worked the mine for over 30 [00:26:57] years, we got no benefit from it. today we are [00:27:00] turning back to agriculture. [00:27:03] This 14-hectare plot is thus gradually turning into a [00:27:06] rice field and the former miners have swapped their sieves [00:27:10] for shovels and seedlings. [00:27:13] It will improve our living [00:27:17] food for the community for our [00:27:19] village, [00:27:24] people will therefore be more motivated to work in agriculture rather than returning to the mine. [00:27:28] Prefer rice to diamonds, a revolution that is part of a [00:27:31] strategy. [00:27:34] one of the government's flagship programs is called "feed [00:27:37] Sierra Leone" to supply the country and get involved in [00:27:41] agriculture. The work we do is to complement their [00:27:44] efforts. [00:27:47] A movement that is gaining momentum in the district, the NGO works [00:27:50] on more than 200 sites to restore the [00:27:53] land, [00:27:55] a path that Pastor Momo also wishes to take for the [00:27:59] future of his village. [00:28:03] I know and I understand that diamonds do more [00:28:06] harm than good to this country. That [00:28:09] is why I insist with the [00:28:12] education. If we want to transform the [00:28:16] country, we must build schools, [00:28:19] and make these children the true diamonds of our [00:28:23] time. [00:28:27] The promise of Sierra Leone's diamonds still seems far from being realized. [00:28:30] Despite the 250 million dollars worth of stones extracted each year [00:28:34] from its soil, the country remains among the poorest [00:28:38] on the planet. [00:30:09] on France 24, we continue with international news, the [00:30:12] communication line seems blurred between Kyiv and [00:30:16] Washington this Sunday. Donald Trump announced that an energy ceasefire had [00:30:19] been concluded between Russia and Ukraine, except that Volodymyr [00:30:22] Zelensky was not aware of it and a [00:30:25] Nadji [00:30:27] It was from his social network True Social that Donald [00:30:31] Trump announced it. On Sunday, a bilateral [00:30:34] energy ceasefire would have been accepted by Ukraine and [00:30:37] Russia with immediate effect. The American [00:30:41] president gave no details on the terms of this announced [00:30:45] truce, but this statement comes the day after the criticisms he [00:30:48] made against Zelensky, blaming Kyiv for its attacks against [00:30:52] Russian refineries. According to Donald Trump, these would lead to [00:30:56] an increase in diesel prices in the United States. He also...