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[00:00:07] Good evening everyone, it's 10 PM here in Paris, 6 PM in Assun,
[00:00:11] Paraguay, happy to have you back on actu 360 on France
[00:00:14] 24, we are live until 12:15 AM
[00:00:18] at the top of the news, tonight in Paraguay, President Santiago
[00:00:22] Piegna resigns amid a banking crisis, he has 48 hours, the
[00:00:26] country's central bank had placed under guardianship a financial entity in which he had just.
[00:00:30] which recently held shares, we will find our
[00:00:33] correspondent in the region Gustavo
[00:00:37] good evening, you are going to talk to us today about Ribéraux at the beginning of this news broadcast
[00:00:39] in France, hundreds of thousands of demonstrators in the streets this Thursday
[00:00:43] to protest against the high cost of living and demand salary
[00:00:47] increases, the unions claim success, Prime
[00:00:50] Minister Sébastien Lecornu convenes a social conference
[00:00:54] on Monday, we will talk about it in the zoom at
[00:00:56] 10:30 PM. Many questions after
[00:01:00] the multiplication of cyberattacks in Europe, especially the one that
[00:01:03] targeted Crédit Mutuel Arkea yesterday, the damage could exceed
[00:01:07] 100 million euros, so how do hackers operate, how to avoid
[00:01:11] new attacks, we will ask all these questions to our guest Benoid
[00:01:14] Grunvald, cybersecurity expert at S7.
[00:01:26] with much more
[00:01:34] But first, a complicated day in Europe this
[00:01:37] attack in Poland which Thursday for air traffic controllers and travelers,
[00:01:40] about twenty flights were disrupted by false bomb
[00:01:44] threats, a plane that had left Dublin in Ireland and was supposed to reach Rome
[00:01:48] wage is revalued according to in Italy, was diverted to Evreux in France, according to the
[00:01:52] prosecutor, the pilot would have refused to land on this military
[00:01:56] there are quite few attacks on the energy base, an investigation has been opened, we see all that with Manon Bougot.
[00:02:01] In this plane, passengers who were supposed to land in Rome,
[00:02:05] supporters of here they are this morning on the tarmac of the Evreux military base in
[00:02:08] the hour, their aircraft has just been diverted due to a bomb
[00:02:11] threat.
[00:02:12] inside without really understanding what is happening.
[00:02:18] Through, we realized that we were escorted by a military
[00:02:20] plane. would she be on board? One
[00:02:23] hour after
[00:02:30] takeoff, the Irish pilot was ordered to change
[00:02:34] trajectory, but he initially refused,
[00:02:37] preferring, according to the prosecutor, to land at a civilian
[00:02:40] airport. The French army sent two fighter
[00:02:43] jets, a Rafale and a Mirage, to
[00:02:47] intercept the aircraft and force it to land.
[00:02:50] fighter jets will allow
[00:02:52] us to establish a situation, to have the confirmation that there are no terrorists on
[00:02:56] board the aircraft, that there is no one who is...
[00:03:00] the crew, so already we are going to de-risk the flight to prevent
[00:03:04] it from being used to make a new 9/11, it is following
[00:03:07] an email received by Rome airport that the bomb threat was
[00:03:11] triggered, a message signed by the male state fighters,
[00:03:15] the name of an extremist Russian
[00:03:17] the increase in the minimum wage, group, and here is what we can read: you are all accomplices in a criminal
[00:03:20] plot, we want to annihilate you for that, your feminist regime will remember
[00:03:24] it forever, the explosion will occur in 60
[00:03:27] minutes, the passengers of the flight were taken in...
[00:04:00] here it is, there are these bomb threats in the European sky and cyber attacks,
[00:04:04] they are multiplying at the moment, yesterday Wednesday,
[00:04:08] Crédit Mutuel Arkea denounced a sophisticated attack, more than
[00:04:11] 100 million euros would have been stolen, the bank assures however that its
[00:04:15] customers will not lose money, this attack occurs less than a
[00:04:19] week after the hacking of the cryptocurrency giant
[00:04:22] nearly 60,000 according to the Ministry of Binance, cyber Ministry of attacks that also affect, we
[00:04:26] talked about it, refrigerators in European supermarkets in recent days, the French
[00:04:30] blood establishment was also targeted yesterday Wednesday, we will
[00:04:34] talk about all this with our guest Benoît
[00:04:37] Grunewald, cybersecurity expert at Eset
[00:04:40] Benoît Grunewald, good evening, thank you very much for being with
[00:04:44] us on France 24, cyber attacks
[00:04:46] first on supermarket refrigerators in several
[00:04:50] European countries, they were claimed by Russian hacker
[00:04:53] groups, are these sophisticated attacks
[00:04:58] you everywhere in the world and at all hours of like for Crédit Mutuel Arkea or did they take advantage of flaws in these
[00:05:02] systems? They clearly took advantage of
[00:05:06] vulnerabilities in the system, so refrigerators are
[00:05:09] connected objects like others. like a
[00:05:13] printer or air conditioning, now,
[00:05:16] if it has a sort of mini computer that allows them to be controlled remotely,
[00:05:19] taking control of these refrigerators was not
[00:05:22] extremely complicated, what was more complicated however, is to
[00:05:26] do it in a synchronized manner over all
[00:05:29] supermarkets, France was affected but also
[00:05:31] Europe, and that's where the difficulty
[00:05:34] lay, how to strengthen the security
[00:05:38] of these installations today?
[00:05:41] Well, let's hope it's a kind of
[00:05:44] wake-up call for all companies that do not
[00:05:48] yet sufficiently consider their digitization as
[00:05:52] being necessary to consider it with
[00:05:55] cybersecurity, and so for example
[00:05:58] refrigerator technicians who install
[00:06:01] refrigerators that are now equipped with mini computers, people
[00:06:04] who install air conditioning in buildings, also connected to the
[00:06:08] internet. must take up the subject because digital without
[00:06:12] cybersecurity gives this type of result, are there today
[00:06:15] other industrial equipment in Europe that could be threatened, I'm thinking for example of
[00:06:19] transport? So there is a lot of equipment if it is not
[00:06:23] sufficiently managed in
[00:06:25] terms of cybersecurity that can be threatened, we have seen, our
[00:06:29] researchers have seen notably in Ukraine but also in Poland
[00:06:33] at the end of last year, the energy sector targeted
[00:06:39] complex attacks to succeed
[00:06:42] in cutting or harming energy
[00:06:45] production or load shedding in the case of the
[00:06:50] targeted Ukraine in the end,
[00:06:53] so for these refrigerator attacks these are as I said Russian hacker
[00:06:57] groups who claimed them, these Russian hackers are currently waging a hybrid war in
[00:07:01] Europe.
[00:07:04] So there has been a hybrid war for a long time that effectively targets
[00:07:07] when we talk about
[00:07:10] actors aligned with the interests of Russia, which targets both
[00:07:13] Ukrainian territory but also the
[00:07:18] Ukraine, of which France is of course a part, and this
[00:07:21] hybrid war has existed for some time, so there is another attack that
[00:07:25] was much talked about yesterday, it's
[00:07:28] the cyber attack that targeted Arkea, this is
[00:07:32] a much more sophisticated attack, that's what the
[00:07:35] bank says anyway.
[00:07:37] Yes, it's an attack that goes through a service provider, it's the service provider who
[00:07:41] was initially attacked and who then thanks to his
[00:07:45] access, rather extensive access, allowed cybercriminals
[00:07:48] to go further into the banking system
[00:07:51] of Crédit Mutuel Arkea and from there to succeed in
[00:07:55] making transfers of a significant amount, Crédit Mutuel
[00:07:59] does not confirm the exact amount, but the order of magnitude which is
[00:08:02] a hundred million euros, and and then as it was well
[00:08:06] prepared, these funds were transferred sometimes to
[00:08:09] cryptocurrencies and there there is a money laundering system that is put in
[00:08:12] place to ensure that these cryptocurrencies eventually
[00:08:16] become untraceable because it's not because you
[00:08:19] go on cryptocurrencies that you are already untraceable,
[00:08:23] the blockchain is open, it is accessible to everyone and
[00:08:27] the police forces and justice are moreover in France
[00:08:30] particularly skilled in tracking cybercriminals
[00:08:33] who use blockchains, so crypto assets. Moreover,
[00:08:37] at the end of October, it was a cryptocurrency platform, Binance, that was a victim
[00:08:40] of a cyberattack, more than 5 billion euros were
[00:08:44] stolen, it's considerable, it also
[00:08:47] highlights the fragility of this sector,
[00:08:50] there are security flaws, so
[00:08:53] it highlights the fragility of a
[00:08:57] society that has become enormously digitized, we saw
[00:09:00] it this summer with the tax leak with national
[00:09:04] education, we see it here with Binance with Crédit Mutuel, also
[00:09:07] refrigerators, when we digitized our society without
[00:09:11] attaching enough cybersecurity to it,
[00:09:15] well we end up with vulnerabilities that are
[00:09:17] those we have today. Once again, for Binance, we are
[00:09:21] also on a rather
[00:09:24] sophisticated attack, the FBI attributes it to a group that is
[00:09:28] aligned with the interests of North Korea called Lazarus, and
[00:09:32] this group is used to using extremely
[00:09:36] effective phishing techniques, notably via professional platforms
[00:09:39] such as social networks like LinkedIn or. they will
[00:09:42] spearfish, phish personalities such as
[00:09:46] cryptocurrency developers and invite them to for
[00:09:50] example take code tests to find a new job except that
[00:09:54] in fact these are traps, for Arkea, there is still no
[00:09:57] claim uh who could be behind
[00:10:01] Russia for example or could it be
[00:10:04] criminal diversion?
[00:10:06] It is currently very
[00:10:09] difficult to make hypotheses, we are
[00:10:12] waiting for different information related to
[00:10:16] the investigations, all scenarios are open, if we look at
[00:10:19] Binance again, we see that these are actors who are
[00:10:22] aligned with the interests of North
[00:10:26] Korea, uh, the activist hackers
[00:10:29] uh pro-Russian are rather in
[00:10:32] sabotage or destabilization operations,
[00:10:35] less in funding research,
[00:10:39] and as for actors aligned with the interests of China
[00:10:43] they are rather in cyber espionage
[00:10:46] and in strategic positioning for rather
[00:10:50] economic purposes uh so for now all opportunities
[00:10:53] remain open depending on both the agendas and the objectives of
[00:10:57] each, in any case all this obviously worries individuals, especially
[00:11:01] the French, is today the savings
[00:11:04] of the French, of Europeans safe in banks?
[00:11:08] So whether it's in banks or on
[00:11:10] crypto platforms, there are mechanisms that are
[00:11:13] insurance mechanisms that allow
[00:11:17] savers or
[00:11:20] citizens to be insured as to
[00:11:23] their... Uh Arkea Crédit Mutuel
[00:11:27] said it, it's a significant amount but it ultimately represents quite
[00:11:31] little of their own funds, so they are able to continue to
[00:11:34] finance and to operate, they are not
[00:11:37] in danger, it's the same for Binance, it represented about 4
[00:11:41] % of the funds, so we are on something that is
[00:11:45] currently under control, which does not mean of course that we should not
[00:11:48] consider the impacts that this represents, but in any case in
[00:11:52] these large institutions the
[00:11:54] funds... of those who are clients are generally
[00:11:58] well protected, in the face of these multiplying cyberattacks, governments should
[00:12:01] today address these issues to strengthen
[00:12:04] cybersecurity, uh it is at this
[00:12:07] level that decisions must be made?
[00:12:11] So governments and notably Europe have
[00:12:14] taken a certain number of very strong measures
[00:12:17] uh if today notably in Europe
[00:12:21] sector uh transport uh everything that is
[00:12:25] essential, it's because there is a law
[00:12:29] called NIS, NIS version 1, which protects about
[00:12:32] 1200 what we call OIV, Operators
[00:12:35] of Vital Importance, this law must evolve into
[00:12:39] version 2, cover no longer 100 but 15000 entities
[00:12:42] in France must be spread throughout
[00:12:46] Europe, unfortunately this law is blocked in France
[00:12:50] and and if it were deployed, it would oblige a
[00:12:54] certain number. uh of economic operators to
[00:12:57] better consider their cybersecurity to
[00:13:00] resist this type of attack, there is also
[00:13:03] the CRA (Cyber Resilience Act) again a European
[00:13:07] law which rather targets uh manufacturers of digital
[00:13:11] objects such as refrigerators which obliges them much more to
[00:13:14] provide and over the longer term security updates
[00:13:17] notably to warn customers if necessary, which
[00:13:21] Danfoss does, who is the manufacturer of these
[00:13:25] refrigerators, so the legal
[00:13:28] arsenal is there to defend, now it must be
[00:13:31] applied and companies must realize
[00:13:35] that they themselves must step up their
[00:13:38] cybersecurity game to deal with these different attacks.
[00:13:41] Thank you very much, Benoit Grunewald, thank you for being our
[00:13:45] guest tonight on France 24, I remind you that you are a cybersecurity
[00:13:48] expert at SH. Let's
[00:13:51] now take the direction.
[00:13:55] So we're going to Naples right now
[00:13:58] in Italy
[00:14:01] uh in Naples
[00:14:04] where an almost unbelievable story took place
[00:14:08] that of a 25-year-old man, he's Swedish, he spent
[00:14:12] a month at the city's airport, he had no memory
[00:14:15] uh, he had no papers on him and he
[00:14:18] was finally identified by his
[00:14:20] family,
[00:14:24] watch. A passenger without luggage,
[00:14:27] without money and above all without
[00:14:30] memory. For several weeks, this young man
[00:14:33] has been wandering around Naples
[00:14:34] airport. What's your
[00:14:39] name? And your last
[00:14:43] name? He only knows his first name Daniel, his age 25
[00:14:46] and his Swedish
[00:14:48] nationality.
[00:14:51] I don't know how he arrived in Naples. If his belongings were stolen.
[00:14:55] papers, he asked me for shoes and money to go home,
[00:14:58] but if I give it to him, where and
[00:15:00] how will he go home?
[00:15:03] How did he end up at the airport? A mystery? According to Italian
[00:15:07] media, he reportedly mentioned a fight that may have
[00:15:11] caused him to lose his memory, his
[00:15:13] story in any case went viral on social media, this
[00:15:17] photo widely shared in Italy, but also in
[00:15:20] Sweden, good news, a few hours ago, the mysterious
[00:15:23] passenger finally
[00:16:08] the economy with Johanna Citruc who joined me on this set, Johanna,
[00:16:14] the increase in the minimum wage since it was one of the major demands of the
[00:16:18] demonstrators today, yes, that's what the demonstrators are demanding, that's what
[00:16:22] the unions are also demanding because today there is an urgency,
[00:16:25] an urgency to restore purchasing power to the French, that's what Sophie
[00:16:29] Bine, the general secretary of the CGT, said earlier
[00:16:33] in the Parisian procession, we
[00:16:34] listen to her.
[00:16:37] in thousands of service companies, employees went on
[00:16:41] strike to demand immediate salary increases. The
[00:16:44] message from the street to the government and employers is
[00:16:47] clear, nothing will stop us. How
[00:16:51] much is it today, the minimum wage Johanna? Well, it depends
[00:16:55] on the working time, but for a full-time employee, it
[00:16:58] is 1477 euros net per month. Today in
[00:17:02] France, it is estimated that there are a little more than 2 million people who are paid
[00:17:06] the minimum wage, which represents. far from 12 % of private sector
[00:17:09] employees, which is not negligible, so
[00:17:12] indeed, increasing the minimum wage would allow a large number of
[00:17:16] French people to gain purchasing power, especially since technically it's
[00:17:20] possible, we already do it at least once a year on every first
[00:17:23] of January, the minimum
[00:17:26] inflation, we can also increase it during
[00:17:29] the year provided that the price increase exceeds 2 % since the
[00:17:33] last revaluation, this is what happened
[00:17:35] in June and then... last scenario, the government can
[00:17:39] also decide to increase the minimum wage whenever it wants, so
[00:17:42] independently of inflation, this is what we call a boost, except that
[00:17:46] this is much rarer, the last time it happened was in
[00:17:49] 2012 under François Hollande, and the current government
[00:17:52] would consider it again, yes in view of the mobilization in
[00:17:56] France currently, it is indeed a path that it is studying, it
[00:18:00] proceeds, it may want to proceed with a new boost,
[00:18:04] but not only that, it is also considering advancing the...
[00:18:07] revaluation of the minimum wage which should theoretically take place on January 1st, this is what
[00:18:11] Michel Barnier did, remember, at the end of 2024 when he was prime
[00:18:14] minister, now the whole question today is in what
[00:18:18] proportion, how much should the minimum wage be increased, the
[00:18:21] unions advocate for fairly significant
[00:18:25] increases, the problem is that this risks drastically
[00:18:28] increasing the number of French people at the minimum wage, why? because there will inevitably
[00:18:31] be a catch-up, all the people who are a little
[00:18:35] above the current minimum wage will be caught up by the new minimum wage, which
[00:18:39] means that instead of having 2 million minimum wage earners as is the case
[00:18:43] currently, there will perhaps be 3 or 4 million, this is generally what
[00:18:46] is called the smicardisation of society, and we cannot avoid this
[00:18:49] phenomenon, so yes, provided that in parallel with
[00:18:55] companies agree to increase other salaries, those that are a little
[00:18:58] above the minimum wage, this would prevent
[00:19:01] a compression of wage grids, except that there is
[00:19:05] little chance of this happening under current conditions, notably because of
[00:19:08] what is called the RGDU, the single regressive
[00:19:11] general reduction of employer contributions, these are reductions
[00:19:15] in charges on low wages that are granted to
[00:19:19] companies, these reductions are highest for employees
[00:19:22] at the minimum wage and they decrease progressively on higher
[00:19:25] remunerations up to three times the minimum wage where there are
[00:19:29] no more aids, the advantage of this system is
[00:19:32] that it encourages companies to hire, the disadvantage is that it
[00:19:35] also encourages them to keep the most
[00:19:37] employees possible at the minimum wage or in any case with relatively low salaries to
[00:19:41] have the most reductions possible, this is what is called in
[00:19:45] economics a low-wage trap and the other difficulty is
[00:19:48] that the cost of labor is very high in France, yes and it is precisely for
[00:19:51] this that reductions in charges had been put in place to generally
[00:19:55] reduce the cost of labor because look at the infographic that will
[00:19:58] appear to pay an employee at the minimum wage the employer
[00:20:02] will have to pay more than 2000 euros, it goes
[00:20:05] up to more than 9000 euros for an employee who is paid
[00:20:09] 5000 euros each month, so each small increase in
[00:20:13] net salary has significant consequences on the total cost that
[00:20:16] the employer must pay and that is why it risks being
[00:20:20] complicated to convince companies to increase
[00:20:24] salaries beyond the minimum wage, unless
[00:20:27] a new incentive mechanism is put in
[00:20:30] place and precisely according to the newspaper Les Echos, the government
[00:20:34] would be considering a draft decree to... condition
[00:20:38] employer social security contributions to salary increases, it would particularly
[00:20:41] target professional branches since, as you know, they
[00:20:45] determine the salary grids for different professions, the
[00:20:49] problem is that they have minimums that are lower than the minimum wage,
[00:20:52] this happens notably when the minimum wage increases but they do not yet have time to review,
[00:20:56] to rework their agreements, but be careful, this does not mean that
[00:21:00] employees would be paid below the minimum
[00:21:03] wage, that is illegal. On the other hand, it means
[00:21:06] that the entire salary grid is pulled downwards, which can
[00:21:10] lead to quite astonishing situations where
[00:21:13] two employees with different skills, with different
[00:21:17] experiences but who have almost
[00:21:20] the same remuneration, thank you very much Johanna Citruc, that was the economy,
[00:21:24] obviously this mobilization in France for the increase in purchasing
[00:21:27] power and notably a revaluation of the
[00:21:30] minimum wage, we will talk about it again in the zoom, it will be at
[00:21:33] 10:30 PM Paris
[00:24:46] of news, we'll be back in a few moments for the.
[00:24:50] actu 360, we will focus on this new
[00:24:52] mobilization this Thursday in France,
[00:24:55] a mobilization hailed by the unions who believe that
[00:24:59] it was a success, there were nearly
[00:25:02] 1 million people according to the
[00:25:05] CGT in the streets, nearly 60,000 according to the
[00:25:10] Interior, a mobilization against the
[00:25:13] high cost of living, demonstrators are demanding notably we talked about a
[00:25:16] revaluation of the minimum wage, we talk about all that in...
[00:25:28] a moment, stay with us, to understand the world, you have to live at the heart of
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[00:25:57] fake news, France 24, we are
[00:26:00] here, we are there and there. to
[00:26:03] inform you
[00:26:09] to link Marcel Proust, the Belle Époque and the neighborhoods of Nanterre, you have to
[00:26:13] take a strange street the lost
[00:26:16] taste street to know the menu there, a
[00:26:19] pop-up restaurant that brings out the flavors and elegance of another
[00:26:22] era, a concept that doesn't exist, so each time
[00:26:25] we invest in a place, we create a kind of gourmet
[00:26:28] restaurant that we really
[00:26:30] enjoy.
[00:26:33] But here, the past is not frozen, it is cooked, shared and
[00:26:36] reinvented, so
[00:26:38] let's eat, when we hear
[00:26:41] a little bit of the sound of the fork, it feels good, no quarter presented
[00:26:45] by to see on France
[00:26:48] 24, find the weather with group
[00:26:52] ama, a mutual insurance company committed to forest protection
[00:26:55] for nearly 100 years,
[00:26:59] group always there for me.
[00:30:12] Paris, welcome to the 360 zoom on France 24,
[00:30:16] we're going to focus tonight on the new social mobilization this
[00:30:19] Thursday in France, the most important this autumn, there were
[00:30:25] Interior, more than 1.5 million according to the CGT, employees,
[00:30:29] civil servants, students, high school students, or retirees were in the street.
[00:30:32] All of them are demanding more purchasing power,
[00:30:36] listen to some of these
[00:30:37] demonstrators,
[00:30:40] well, we're struggling more and more, and yet my husband works at the
[00:30:43] hospital and I work at the university and have trouble making
[00:30:47] ends meet, we have to make choices about our leisure activities, we have to make
[00:30:50] choices about our holidays, so that's why, for all these
[00:30:54] reasons, and also because I support the high school students in their demands, and
[00:30:58] and I come in support of...