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[00:00:00] presented by Alexandra Renard, to be seen on France
[00:00:03] 24.
[00:00:07] according to the Ministry of Good evening everyone, it's midnight here in Paris, you are still watching the
[00:00:10] 360 on France 24. Tonight's top story in France: hundreds
[00:00:14] of thousands of demonstrators in the streets of France this Thursday to protest
[00:00:18] against the high cost of living and demand salary increases. The unions claim a
[00:00:22] success. Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu will convene a social
[00:00:25] conference on Monday.
[00:00:27] the end of this edition. Thank you very much for A complicated day this Thursday in the European sky. About twenty flights were
[00:00:31] disrupted by false bomb alerts. A flight that
[00:00:36] history, never has was supposed to go from Dublin to Rome had to be diverted to a military base in Evreux,
[00:00:39] Normandy. And then in Israel, President Isaac Herzog
[00:00:43] will announce on Sunday who will be tasked with forming the next government
[00:00:46] after the legislative elections of October 27th. The
[00:00:50] leader of the anti-Netanyahu coalition, Gadi
[00:00:52] Eisencott, finds himself, as we will see, in a good position to
[00:00:56] replace Benyamin Netanyahu at the head of the government. We will go to
[00:01:00] Jerusalem in this news report.
[00:01:01] across France according to the Ministry of
[00:01:14] The news in France, first of all in France. So,
[00:01:17] many demonstrators across the country this Thursday. There were
[00:01:21] nearly 60,000 according to the Ministry of Interior, more than 1.5 million
[00:01:24] according to the CGT. The strongest mobilization of this autumn,
[00:01:28] demonstrators who demand more purchasing power.
[00:01:31] Raphaël
[00:01:33] Assencio: the streets of Paris are crowded, processions that filled the capital,
[00:01:37] but also several cities in France, between 600,000 according to the
[00:01:41] prefecture and 160,000 demonstrators according
[00:01:44] to the unions across the country. Education, ecology, and
[00:01:47] purchasing power. These demands are defended by high school students,
[00:01:51] retirees, and even families. Nadia Leonay
[00:01:54] is demonstrating with her son. She earns a pretty good living, and yet she
[00:01:58] has to make choices every day.
[00:02:01] Parisian federation
[00:02:03] It's 17 degrees in our house, but we make small savings like that, earlier this
[00:02:07] morning in Perpignan, between 3,800 and 5,000
[00:02:10] demonstrators, among them French people who have more than
[00:02:14] difficult end of months, like this mother of three, I'm not even
[00:02:17] at minimum wage, so at some point, it's not possible, I feel like I had a
[00:02:21] salary 20 years ago, I can't survive on my
[00:02:24] salary, I can't even survive, I can't even live. A
[00:02:28] anger shared by this specialized education. We work, we do demanding
[00:02:32] jobs, we end our months in overdraft. Is it normal that
[00:02:36] employees can't make it to the end of the month? No, it's not possible to have to make
[00:02:39] choices, go on vacation with our
[00:02:43] kitchen table, those of daily life, those of children, do groceries, do your shopping to fill your fridge with few
[00:02:46] means. In Lyon, this mother of a family on
[00:02:50] welfare doesn't always manage.
[00:02:54] Inflation hit me hard, even having hidden costs is a great
[00:02:57] luxury, meals we skipped with...
[00:03:03] I've lost count. In Marseille, there were between 14,000 and 150,000
[00:03:06] demonstrators. Here too, the watchword is incomes that are too
[00:03:09] low and not increasing fast enough, according to some
[00:03:12] employees.
[00:03:18] since the procession marched from And even in large groups, this demonstrator is demanding
[00:03:20] Place de la République to Place de general increases.
[00:03:24] However, salaries do not follow at all. We are offered
[00:03:27] increases with a slingshot and for very little of...
[00:03:30] met public hospital a purchasing power crisis that
[00:03:34] yeah, there is also a discomfort on strongly mobilized today reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and then up to 350,000 demonstrators in the capital according to the
[00:03:38] unions. Their representatives demand that the lowest salaries be
[00:03:41] reevaluated quickly. The minimum wage is 1477 euros
[00:03:45] net. Today, the CFDT is asking for more. Our basis
[00:03:49] for discussion is 100 euros, it's 100 euros per month because we really need
[00:03:53] an electroshock effect. Today, we cannot live on the
[00:03:56] minimum wage. They are not employees, but high school students... are still
[00:04:00] mobilized. Beyond purchasing power, they are worried about their future and
[00:04:04] denounce today's difficulties
[00:04:06] also, and also just of in physics and chemistry, for example, she got pregnant and we won't have a physics and chemistry teacher
[00:04:09] until the end of the year, we won't have a
[00:04:12] question, for example, of the ecological transition, of replacement. This means that next year, if I want to take physics and chemistry, I
[00:04:15] can't. To try to respond to this social anger, the
[00:04:18] Prime Minister announced a social conference with unions and employers.
[00:04:21] It will be held next
[00:04:23] Monday. A complicated day in
[00:04:27] Europe this Thursday for air traffic controllers. Nothing and
[00:04:30] travelers, about twenty flights were disrupted by false bomb
[00:04:34] alerts. For example, a plane that had left Dublin in Ireland, which was supposed to go to Rome in
[00:04:38] Italy, was diverted to a military
[00:04:41] listen base in Evreux in France. According to the prosecutor, the pilot
[00:04:44] reportedly refused to land on this military base. An investigation has been opened.
[00:04:48] Mannon Bougot.
[00:04:51] In this plane, passengers who were supposed to land in Rome. Here
[00:04:55] they are this morning on the tarmac of the Evreux
[00:04:58] military base. The same has just been diverted due to a
[00:05:02] bomb alert. A few minutes earlier, passengers
[00:05:05] filmed inside, without really understanding what was
[00:05:09] happening. Through the portholes, we realized that... were
[00:05:12] escorted by a military plane. We hope it's a false
[00:05:16] alarm.
[00:05:19] Was there a bomb on board? An hour after
[00:05:22] takeoff, the Irish pilot was ordered to change
[00:05:25] trajectory, but he reportedly refused at first,
[00:05:29] preferring, according to the prosecutor, to land at a civil
[00:05:32] airport. The French army sent two fighter jets, a
[00:05:35] Rafale and a Mirage, to intercept the aircraft and
[00:05:39] force it to land.
[00:05:42] fighter jets will make it possible to establish a situation, to have confirmation
[00:05:46] that there are no terrorists on board the aircraft, that no one is
[00:05:49] forcing the crew, so we are already de-risking the flight
[00:05:53] to prevent it from being used to create a new 9/11. It is
[00:05:57] following an email received by Rome airport that the bomb
[00:06:01] alert was triggered. A message signed by the male state
[00:06:04] fighters, the name of a Russian extremist group. And
[00:06:08] here's what it says: You are all accomplices in a criminal plot, we want
[00:06:11] to annihilate you. For this, your feminist regime will remember
[00:06:15] it forever. The explosion will occur in 60 minutes. The
[00:06:18] passengers of the flight were taken care of in these buses, they have just
[00:06:22] arrived at Roissy airport.
[00:06:25] It was crazy, this whole day was completely crazy. Were you
[00:06:29] scared? Yes, I only cried. At
[00:06:33] the time, it was quite scary, it's true.
[00:06:37] But all the crew, the pilot, they handled it well, they
[00:06:40] reassured us and now it will be okay.
[00:06:44] They must embark tonight on a new plane to reach their
[00:06:48] initial destination.
[00:06:51] In Israel, more than a week after the legislative elections of October
[00:06:54] 27, which resulted in a stalemate, negotiations to form
[00:06:58] a government are progressing. It is on Sunday that President Isaac Herzog
[00:07:02] will announce who will be tasked with forming
[00:07:05] it. Gaddy Esencott seems this evening in a good
[00:07:08] position. We will find our correspondent Stéphane Amar in Jerusalem.
[00:07:13] It seems extremely probable that on Sunday
[00:07:16] he will announce that he will appoint Gadier Zenkot to
[00:07:20] try to form a coalition. Why? Well, because on paper,
[00:07:23] Gady Esenkott garners many
[00:07:27] more deputies than his direct competitor,
[00:07:30] the current Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, 67
[00:07:34] deputies out of 120, to be precise. So who are these 67
[00:07:37] deputies? They are, of course, those who presented themselves alongside
[00:07:41] him during the electoral campaign, meaning the party of
[00:07:44] Naftaliben, David Gor Libermann of Yair
[00:07:48] Golan, but also the two Arab parties who, it must be remembered, achieved
[00:07:51] extremely important, historically important, scores, 19 seats
[00:07:55] between them. And then there
[00:07:58] is a party that creates a surprise, it is the party of the
[00:08:02] Ashkenazi Orthodox who said that they did
[00:08:06] not support Benjamin Netanyahu nor Gadier Zenkot, but that they
[00:08:09] reserved the possibility of switching, of moving
[00:08:12] to Gaddy Esencott's camp. So if
[00:08:16] that is confirmed, if on Sunday Gaddy Esencott is tasked with forming a
[00:08:19] coalition, he will have 28 days plus an additional period of
[00:08:23] 14 days to do so. He will not have an easy task, Gaddy
[00:08:27] Esencott, because he will have to find balances between extremely
[00:08:31] different partners. We said Arab parties, nationalist
[00:08:34] Jewish parties, an Orthodox party. To
[00:08:37] whom to attribute ministerial posts? What
[00:08:40] program to define? This will be
[00:08:44] the whole challenge of what should begin on Sunday for
[00:08:47] Gaddy Esencott. If he does not succeed,
[00:08:51] then Benjamin Netanyahu will be able to try his turn. It will be even
[00:08:54] more complicated because Benjamin Itaniou would have to
[00:08:58] poach deputies
[00:09:01] from Gaddy's camp, meaning
[00:09:04] to create a national union, and most of these political
[00:09:07] leaders have declared themselves
[00:09:11] against it. If neither man succeeds, then there will be new
[00:09:14] elections.
[00:09:17] And before we leave, we will see what will be on the front page of most of your daily newspapers
[00:09:20] in France this Friday morning. On the front page of Le
[00:09:24] Parisien, you can see the social mobilization of this
[00:09:27] Thursday, November 5th. A successful union demonstration, Le Parisien
[00:09:30] tells us, with 575,000 people who
[00:09:33] demonstrated throughout France, which is more than on October
[00:09:36] 17th. On the front page of Libération, mobilization in
[00:09:40] unison: employees, civil servants,
[00:09:43] students, more than a million people, Libération tells us, these are the
[00:09:46] figures from the unions, marched this Thursday in France against
[00:09:50] the high cost of living and a cheap education. For
[00:09:53] l'Humanité, 1.6 million,
[00:09:57] a figure, the historic figure of the unions, less than 6 months before a presidential
[00:10:01] election. Interprofessional
[00:10:03] day of action this Thursday, which, l'Humanité
[00:10:06] tells us, turned into a show of force.
[00:10:10] On the front page of Le Figaro this Friday, no social
[00:10:13] mobilization, but the political situation in the United States after the
[00:10:16] victory of the Democrats in the midterm elections on
[00:10:19] Tuesday. Republicans launching the post-Trump war, the
[00:10:23] newspaper tells us. After the defeat, the battle for succession begins in the
[00:10:27] Republican camp for 2028, the next presidential election.
[00:10:30] Many are already distancing themselves from Donald Trump, including his
[00:10:34] vice-president Jed Evans. And then La Croix, for its
[00:10:38] part, has on its front page the return
[00:10:41] to America of Pope Leo XIV, the Pope who begins this Friday, November
[00:10:45] 6th, a 12-day tour of Latin
[00:10:49] America. That's
[00:10:52] watching. Stay with us on France 24. Continuous information
[00:11:07] and welcome to the debate, a day of mobilization at the call of trade
[00:11:11] union organizations which are taking over from the movements of high school students and university students.
[00:11:15] Among the demands, the revaluation of salaries, the
[00:11:18] safeguarding of public services, or even the defense of the right to
[00:11:21] demonstrate. 60,000 people marched
[00:11:26] Interior, nearly 1.6 million according to the
[00:11:29] CGT. Nearly 10% of state civil servants
[00:11:33] participated in the strike. A few incidents
[00:11:36] in the processions in Lille, on the sidelines of the processions in Lille, Lyon,
[00:11:40] Toulouse and Rennes. 70,000 law enforcement officers were
[00:11:43] mobilized for this day and Sébastien Lecornu affirmed that he would
[00:11:47] convene on Monday at Matignon a social
[00:11:50] conference with trade union and employer organizations. So we will
[00:11:53] come back to this mobilization. What are the demands, what is the political
[00:11:57] response, what are the consequences for the presidential campaign, we
[00:12:00] will talk about it with my guests, Anna Navaro, Pedro is with us tonight,
[00:12:03] good evening, you are a correspondent for the Portuguese press, welcome.
[00:12:07] Opposite you, Bruno Cotres, good evening, professor at Sciences Po,
[00:12:11] researcher at CéviPoF, welcome as well. Next to
[00:12:14] you, Jean-Sébastien Ferjou, good evening, founder and director
[00:12:18] of Atlantico. And we are waiting for Philémon Jouglet Marcus who is a bit late,
[00:12:21] he must still be in the processions, who is a representative of the
[00:12:26] of the USL, the high school union. And let's go straight
[00:12:29] to Place de la Nation at the end of this Parisian
[00:12:33] procession. We find Marie Schuster who followed this
[00:12:36] demonstration all day. Good evening Marie, it
[00:12:40] went pretty well, calmly. Good evening
[00:12:42] Stéphanie.
[00:12:46] Yes, indeed Stéphanie, and now it is now
[00:12:49] 7:15 p.m., so it's been about fifteen minutes since this demonstration
[00:12:53] officially ended. There are still a few people
[00:12:57] here in Place de la Nation because it must be said that the procession today was
[00:13:00] very full, there were many, many
[00:13:04] people in this procession. You can see, there are still
[00:13:07] some people remaining here in Place de la Nation.
[00:13:10] So there is a small confusion, as I told you, the demonstration is
[00:13:14] officially over. The police are present in
[00:13:17] large numbers on this Place de la Nation, notably with, you can perhaps see in the
[00:13:21] background, this armored vehicle. The
[00:13:25] police are therefore present in Place de la Nation and have launched a few
[00:13:28] tear gas grenades to
[00:13:31] disperse the demonstrators who were still
[00:13:34] stationed in Place de la Nation. But obviously, this scene
[00:13:38] is absolutely not emblematic of what happened throughout the day
[00:13:45] la Nation in calm. We met many people of all
[00:13:49] generations, there were even parents with their children,
[00:13:52] sometimes in strollers. We
[00:13:55] employees, firefighters, private sector
[00:13:59] employees also who joined this general strike day, and
[00:14:03] then students and retirees who came to support them, all with one
[00:14:07] watchword: boost purchasing power. Politicians
[00:14:10] were also present, Marine, notably left-wing
[00:14:14] politicians, we saw Raphaël Glucksmann, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, and Marine
[00:14:17] Tondelier.
[00:14:22] Indeed, Stéphanie, right-wing politicians were also represented,
[00:14:26] but rather in the form of caricatures made of papier-mâché on floats. We
[00:14:30] saw Marine Le Pen, Emmanuel Macron, and
[00:14:34] even billionaire owners
[00:14:38] of major media outlets in papier-mâché
[00:14:41] on floats. But indeed, most of the politicians,
[00:14:45] both male and female, who were present at these demonstrations
[00:14:49] were indeed left-wing politicians, including Marine Tondelier. We also saw
[00:14:52] Jean-Luc Mélenchon, Raphaël Glucksmann, who was
[00:14:56] slightly jostled at the beginning of the procession, but also
[00:15:00] Fabien Roux, whom we interviewed earlier in the day. I
[00:15:03] suggest you
[00:15:06] to him.
[00:15:09] And I will never complain that there are too many people, and today there
[00:15:12] are really many, many people, and that's good. It
[00:15:16] warms my heart to see this convergence of many
[00:15:20] professions, from the public as well as the private sector, but
[00:15:23] also the youth who are there... who push us and who make
[00:15:27] our hearts warm because they are also fighting for their future and it's beautiful to
[00:15:31] see us all united like this.
[00:15:34] Thank you Marie, Marie Schuster at the end of the procession.
[00:15:38] in Place de la Nation in Paris, let's have a word of reaction,
[00:15:41] Bruno Cotres, 600,000 people
[00:15:45] the Interior, 1.6 million according to the CGT, the mobilization
[00:15:48] is not really weakening. No, that's one of the really
[00:15:52] important dimensions of this situation. Indeed, we are in the 3rd
[00:15:56] or even 4th day of mobilization with impressive
[00:15:59] figures. We have crossed the half-million demonstrators mark several
[00:16:02] times. We will see the final count, but we are very high today.
[00:16:06] Indeed, together, it doesn't... it doesn't deflate the number of
[00:16:09] demonstrators, but it even broadens the number of professional
[00:16:12] sectors concerned, the profiles of the
[00:16:15] demonstrators. It's no longer just high school students, university students from the start, and a bit
[00:16:19] of unionism. Now it's several professional
[00:16:22] sectors, it affects the public service
[00:16:24] as well. So we see indeed a front of
[00:16:27] discontent and convergence of struggles.
[00:16:31] So you know this theme, the convergence of struggles, it's we see that there are
[00:16:34] different reasons for being present, that they are united by
[00:16:38] the dominant idea, it's the cost of living, salaries that
[00:16:42] don't move, purchasing power, and also a
[00:16:45] form of protest against decisions made by the government.
[00:16:49] But from there to make something homogeneous, to have only one type of
[00:16:52] demand, I'm not sure, but there is a united front, that's
[00:16:56] for sure, on the purchasing power, salary and
[00:16:59] high cost of living front. Ann Navarro, can you compare what is happening in France with
[00:17:03] what is happening in Portugal or Spain? Has there
[00:17:06] also been a lot of demonstrations against the cost of living,
[00:17:09] mainly? There are strong similar dynamics
[00:17:13] in Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece,
[00:17:16] Germany, Belgium. Albania is a
[00:17:20] somewhat special case. And these dynamics are
[00:17:24] motivated by the cost of living, by low wages, by a decline
[00:17:27] in purchasing power, and
[00:17:31] and so indeed there is also great dissatisfaction
[00:17:35] with politicians. I wouldn't say
[00:17:38] a collapse of trust in politics, but especially in politicians, the
[00:17:41] ruling classes. So a very strong criticism of the way they
[00:17:45] act. And so indeed, and you spoke of the
[00:17:49] convergence of struggles, yes, in France and in Portugal, in
[00:17:52] Spain, we can also feel that there are elements that are aggregating, but I find that the word,
[00:17:56] the real word is the one that was found in the United States, for the situation in the United States,
[00:17:59] which is not very different from ours, in some
[00:18:03] respects, by Senator Bernie Sanders. who said,
[00:18:06] no, but what prevailed on the left of the left in the United States, he said that what prevailed
[00:18:09] in the concerns of the voters in the elections that have just taken
[00:18:13] place is "kitchen table problems."
[00:18:16] It's the problems we discuss around the
[00:18:20] paying bills, those of paying for school, those of paying for gas. That's what
[00:18:24] prevails today, and it's really the mechanism
[00:18:28] of the dynamics that are at work currently. Philémon Jouglet Marcus,
[00:18:31] thank you for being here with this slight delay. You
[00:18:34] were? You are a representative of the Parisian federation of the USL, high school
[00:18:38] union. You were in the procession just now. Do you have
[00:18:42] the impression that it's changing? How did you perceive
[00:18:45] these demonstrations organized this time by the
[00:18:49] trade union organizations? They are taking over a bit from the students and high
[00:18:52] school students. I don't know if they are taking over, in any case, they are truly
[00:18:56] accompanying it, and yes,
[00:19:00] we are witnessing the junction with all
[00:19:03] trades, and it made us very happy to see our families...
[00:19:07] also getting involved, whether it's retirees but also all working
[00:19:11] men and women. And so we saw that today and I think it is
[00:19:15] particularly striking, it is also one of the most massive days of
[00:19:18] mobilization, 1.6 million according to the CGT, 60,000 according to the
[00:19:22] Ministry of Interior, I give the
[00:19:23] figures.
[00:19:26] It's a strong mobilization. Was purchasing power really much more
[00:19:30] present there, whereas initially high school students were
[00:19:34] more concerned about the high schools themselves, the buildings, teacher
[00:19:38] absenteeism? Yes, but I agree with what you said, that
[00:19:40] there is truly a sense of, yes, this is what
[00:19:44] we feel, this is what we live daily, and in reality, the high school students' demands were the
[00:19:48] daily experience of our comrades, like purchasing power for our
[00:19:52] families. Sébastien, does it surprise you that this movement,
[00:19:55] this mobilization, is not diminishing?
[00:19:58] There is something that might seem
[00:20:01] surprising in the sense that there are presidential elections coming up, and
[00:20:05] often, and in addition there is no majority, so we don't really know who the interlocutor is, because what
[00:20:09] strikes me is that I understand the sentiment very well, I can
[00:20:12] understand some of the demands. You spoke of "kitchen table problems," it
[00:20:16] seems to me that what we haven't talked about much about the elections in the United States is that it's a bit like what we
[00:20:20] are experiencing, with a slight delay in France, that these are the first elections of the AI era,
[00:20:24] these midterms in the United States. Why do I tell you that? Because in a way, it's as if we
[00:20:28] have fallen into a spatiotemporal phase. You have people who are already in the
[00:20:31] 22nd century and then you have people who are still stuck in the 20th century behind. There are
[00:20:35] people who, with new technologies, with artificial intelligence, both earn a lot
[00:20:38] of money, have a daily life that has become totally different, including with
[00:20:42] cerebral implants for example. Those who earn money
[00:20:46] now are those who have invested in capital. Very often, you earn more money with
[00:20:49] your shares now than you used to earn from labor income, and it's a
[00:20:53] new form of society that is emerging, a new form of capitalism. There have always
[00:20:56] been inequalities, but now we are in something different, we are completely in two
[00:21:00] different time-spaces. So I understand this anxiety people feel because there is a
[00:21:04] link between "kitchen table problems" and precisely what I am talking about.
[00:21:07] It's because how did the billionaires do it? But billionaires or
[00:21:11] millionaires, but it's not just millionaires because when you look at the United States, and the situation is
[00:21:15] relatively similar in France, you have a duality, the
[00:21:18] fundamentals are not so bad, in the United States they are even very good, never have Americans
[00:21:22] been as rich as in October 2026, in all of American
[00:21:26] unemployment been so low, but precisely because there is a problem of
[00:21:30] purchasing power and a problem of wealth on the other side, and the problem is not just
[00:21:34] social inequalities, it's how do we ensure that people continue to
[00:21:37] integrate into an economic system that is in
[00:21:40] two different time-spaces, and it's also a democratic vertigo
[00:21:44] because how do we make people live together
[00:21:48] who in reality no longer share the economic and social daily
[00:21:51] life? Yes, of course these new
[00:21:55] stratifications, sedimentation of the population, yes, of course, I think
[00:21:58] that what the whole country is experiencing, in fact, is a
[00:22:02] gigantic crisis that has been there for several years
[00:22:06] and to which politics cannot respond. Everyone in the country asks the same
[00:22:09] question, I would say there are two questions. One, why
[00:22:13] are we a great country, reputed to be a great world power and rich, and there are
[00:22:17] many people struggling, the most vulnerable? How is it that we are
[00:22:21] still a country that produces a lot of wealth and there are many people who are struggling and can't make
[00:22:24] it, there are young people who are coming to this
[00:22:27] demonstration, there are young couples who can't afford an
[00:22:30] apartment to start a family, all that. So, and the second
[00:22:33] question which is a corollary, which is how
[00:22:37] is it that this country which has a lot of taxes, etc.
[00:22:40] ends up with holes in all the pipes and doesn't know
[00:22:44] how to allocate, doesn't know how to distribute the priorities of public action? We don't know in the country what
[00:22:48] the priorities of public action are. Now for a few years, we don't know, we don't
[00:22:52] know, is it education, health, defense, in
[00:22:55] what order is it done, and so, and so I think there's a kind of crisis of
[00:22:59] meaning, very important, you would say a crisis of regime, Bruno Cotres, that's what
[00:23:03] François Sureot says in Le Monde today, institutions no longer
[00:23:06] produce any political responsibility, I recommend by the way
[00:23:10] reading this wonderful paper by François on this morning, really
[00:23:13] really really, and indeed I think that it is that, it is a crisis of responsibility,
[00:23:17] people say but but they...
[00:23:27] an enormous crisis of meaning which is linked to an enormous crisis also of this question which
[00:23:31] is where does the money go how is it that we are a rich country and
[00:23:35] with many people who are struggling, Fillet Marcus, do you
[00:23:39] agree with that? There is also a crisis of meaning,
[00:23:42] indeed also what future for young people with the but for young
[00:23:46] people what future for everyone for everyone, I
[00:23:49] I think that already the placement of this youth mobilization, why
[00:23:52] is it happening now? In fact, this summer experienced
[00:23:56] large heat waves, large heat waves, extreme heatwaves which
[00:24:00] created anxiety, so the more time passed
[00:24:03] in fact these last few months, the more anxiety grew among my comrades, among
[00:24:07] young people, so I think that it is also symptomatic of this anxiety which is not only
[00:24:11] if you want, which is symptomatic, symbolized, we could say, by the
[00:24:15] problems of school establishments, but which in fact is much broader, it is a much
[00:24:18] broader discomfort. And then more broadly, and you say discomfort, in fact,
[00:24:24] the part of this population because it has had political
[00:24:27] leaders, the executive in particular, who have spent their time for
[00:24:31] 5 years now repeating the fact that it has no responsibility, it is
[00:24:35] irresponsible, and this is a concept quite studied in political
[00:24:38] science on this self-designation of irresponsibility,
[00:24:42] we are not responsible, and so to whom are we talking? That's the question you're
[00:24:45] asking, so that's also why there's a return
[00:24:49] also of intermediate actors, I think, of
[00:24:52] associations, of unions
[00:24:56] the individual who goes out into the street and strikes because when we talked to our
[00:24:59] our union partners, they told us that they had had a lot of contact with
[00:25:03] people who were not unionized and who asked how to strike for the first time to actually
[00:25:07] put pressure on the government to be able to address it,
[00:25:10] Annavaro Pedro, do you feel that too in the rest of Europe
[00:25:13] and maybe that's one of the reasons why it's not weakening, this
[00:25:17] crisis of regime, the fact that institutions no longer
[00:25:20] produce real political responsibilities, does that
[00:25:24] also play a role, yes, and then a shift, a notion for all those who
[00:25:28] govern us currently in Europe, in the United States, in Canada, this
[00:25:31] notion, a self-sufficiency, a very sufficient
[00:25:35] belief that they hold the truth, they hold
[00:25:39] the right solutions, they know everything, and we others must vote, that's what
[00:25:43] people feel, once every 4 years, once every 5 years, and they
[00:25:47] they start to consider that sometimes... a vote and a blank
[00:25:50] check, uh, but to come back to those who govern, because you can protest all you
[00:25:54] want for 10, 15
[00:25:57] years, rarely does the street obtain a retreat or a
[00:26:01] change of policy.
[00:26:05] of governments, but just, if you allow me, I wanted to come back to something you said which is very important, it's the fact that indeed there
[00:26:09] is a new technological world emerging which is a source of anxiety
[00:26:12] because it promises many people who are at the beginning of their lives
[00:26:15] uh that perhaps they will not even have the right to a dignified life, we are not even
[00:26:19] talking about social mobility, we are not even talking only about the right to a dignified
[00:26:22] life, uh a crisis, no job, a crisis, well, an
[00:26:26] important economic crisis also emerging everywhere, debt again,
[00:26:30] but you were talking about people who live in the 20th
[00:26:33] century and others who are in the 21st or even 22nd, I
[00:26:37] would say that one of the elements, these people whom you can
[00:26:41] classify as being in the 20th century are those who are the most deprived in the face of
[00:26:44] climatic, economic and technological changes currently, and well these
[00:26:48] people also observe that they produce wealth still in this
[00:26:51] economy, and this wealth that they produce, it practically doesn't
[00:26:55] come back to them, just the essential for survival, but not
[00:26:58] a redistribution as we knew in the 70s, until 80s.
[00:27:04] And there they also feel this injustice, we were told, we know
[00:27:07] very well now, I don't remember the exact figures but in
[00:27:11] the produced wealth, the percentage that goes to 1%,
[00:27:14] the percentage that goes to 10%, and the small margin that remains for the
[00:27:18] rest, and so people are very aware of that, especially in France,
[00:27:22] so there, you are talking about tax justice there, or I am talking about, yes, economic
[00:27:25] justice, it's a phenomenon, forgive me, just to finish my sentence, it's generalized,
[00:27:29] it's not just France, so in fact, it's the strong
[00:27:37] inequalities have not truly widened, they are
[00:27:40] widening precisely with this new category of there have never
[00:27:43] been so many millionaires or billionaires in history, but
[00:27:47] when we look at the problem, it's that the other products, I
[00:27:51] don't situate it at all in terms of dignity or competence of each other, but you
[00:27:55] have an economy that precisely no longer produces much wealth because today's
[00:27:58] wealth is very linked to the valuation, to the
[00:28:01] stock market capitalization and that you have this double system there, there was
[00:28:05] a very interesting strike in Taiwan, so you are talking, excuse me, about a rentier
[00:28:08] economy rather for those who are a rentier economy, there was precisely a very
[00:28:12] interesting strike in Taiwan and what the employees were demanding was not
[00:28:16] salary increases, it was a share of the capital because precisely and the people of Silicon
[00:28:19] Valley passed in 20 in 2027 so yes but the people of Silicon
[00:28:23] Valley are starting to think about the consequences of artificial
[00:28:26] intelligence so sometimes they do it with a very technofascist
[00:28:29] vision but sometimes they also do it by saying: we will have to take into account
[00:28:33] this economic and social revolution and it's not just artificial intelligence, but France
[00:28:37] are we there yet because here, for example, the demand is to increase but I
[00:28:41] wanted to tell you, I wanted to tell you, I still wanted to tell you something else because I think there is an
[00:28:44] irresponsibility of those who govern us but there is also an irresponsibility of those who vote because unlike
[00:28:48] you, I think that for years precisely governments have not stopped
[00:28:52] giving in to demands one after another, which means that precisely there are no
[00:28:56] priorities because since we are one day, well one day the French want the
[00:28:59] priority to be the environment, the next day there was an event so the priority is to put
[00:29:03] all the means of justice on sexual crimes, the day after that it's on domestic
[00:29:06] violence and finally since no one assumes the consequences of these
[00:29:10] acts because that's also what we are talking about because the deficits did not
[00:29:14] fall from the sky, they are indeed linked to the fact that you have French people who continued to
[00:29:18] vote for certain policies who demanded social transfers
[00:29:21] enough electoral deadlines
[00:29:23] finally no but people voted for whom they voted, they supported
[00:29:27] energy policies for example that they supported, you cannot vote for people who tell
[00:29:31] you I want degrowth. and I want to
[00:29:35] the next day complain about the fact that you have a tax system that is
[00:29:38] punitive but no, but what I want to
[00:29:39] tell you
[00:29:44] our responsibility, the debt, all the problems we have in our country, it was our
[00:29:48] responsibility, us citizens, us
[00:29:50] voters
[00:29:56] when you find the legislative especially the executive who goes behind
[00:30:00] the last to propose a new one. While there is already a whole legislative
[00:30:04] arsenal that can solve the problem if it is properly applied and if there
[00:30:08] are courts that can function correctly, but on
[00:30:11] the essential, no, the
[00:30:14] the environment, it is important especially for the younger generations, it's true,
[00:30:18] but that came from Brussels and it came with the governments that agreed, we are well
[00:30:22] aware that it was not asked for by the street, but it's an example, it was supported by
[00:30:26] the but should we, for example, would you like to have a more
[00:30:29] direct representation, for example, how old are you currently?
[00:30:33] Well, I'm 16, for example, so you don't vote in the presidential election yet, so
[00:30:36] already, should there be referendums like in Switzerland,
[00:30:40] finally, having the impression of participating in citizen commissions
[00:30:43] perhaps, but that they are also taken into account afterwards, because that's also
[00:30:47] the problem, citizen
[00:30:51] conventions, by the way, which are very interesting in their results, but
[00:30:54] then it has to be used politically, we are asking for the
[00:30:58] right to vote at 16.