FRANCE24 — broadcast
20261105 233000 UTC
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[00:00:00] behind the latest miscellaneous item to
[00:00:01] reform, we didn't want a pension propose a new law when he already has a whole legislative arsenal that
[00:00:05] allows him to solve the problem if it is well applied and if he has courts that can
[00:00:09] work correctly, but on the essential, no, the
[00:00:13] question, for example, of the ecological transition, of the environment, and it is important, especially
[00:00:16] for the younger generations, that's true, but that came from Brussels and it came
[00:00:20] with governments that agreed, we agree, it was not requested by the streets, but
[00:00:24] it's an example, it was supported by the, should there be, for example,
[00:00:28] would you like to have a representation
[00:00:32] There was a minister, there was a French
[00:00:51] of citizens' conventions, which are very interesting in their results, but
[00:00:54] afterwards, it has to be used politically, we are asking for the
[00:00:58] right to vote at 16. because also, if there are mobilizations like this, of licensing and
[00:01:02] delicacies, it's because in fact we can't go through elsewhere and then I don't
[00:01:06] agree with you, no, in recent years, the demands have not necessarily been
[00:01:10] heard at all in France, in any case, by the executive, by the power in
[00:01:14] place, and even on schools, it's not very new on schools,
[00:01:18] listen, it hasn't invented any demands this year, it's been 10, 10 years, even
[00:01:22] more that we've been carrying them, the hiring of teachers, the renovation of
[00:01:25] buildings, it's very old, we're not heard on that, and in fact, on many other
[00:01:29] questions. in national education, it keeps increasing year after year, the
[00:01:33] problem,
[00:01:36] sorry, let me finish, because let me finish, because I let you
[00:01:39] speak, well, you know, for example, that the average class sizes have
[00:01:43] popularity, he has no increased, have increased since 2010, meaning we went from 27 to
[00:01:46] 30.5 students per class, the reason is interesting to
[00:01:50] know why, demographically too, no, but it's also because
[00:01:54] there are more and more agents in the ranks of education, of national
[00:01:57] education, these are the figures from the Court of Auditors, look at the figures. but there are fewer and fewer
[00:02:01] teachers in front of students because there are a lot of people on sick leave because it has become a
[00:02:04] profession that is very poorly paid, and when some of your
[00:02:08] comrades burn their teachers' cars or brutalize them, well, you shouldn't be surprised that
[00:02:12] in some neighborhoods it's hard to recruit, and yes, but that's also because
[00:02:16] yes, yes, I will answer because this is very
[00:02:19] serious, in fact, if you want to
[00:02:22] in Ile-de-France, the associate an entire demand that is, excuse me, but if
[00:02:24] today the confusion, you are a bit confused,
[00:02:28] excuse me,
[00:02:34] first, when you answer someone, it's about being able to restate the argument of their thought,
[00:02:38] and that requires the act of
[00:02:40] ask ourselves the question of restating the person's thought in front of you before criticizing it. I assure you that it is an
[00:02:43] extremely interesting intellectual exercise, so let me answer,
[00:02:46] maybe then I will have time to show you that I understood your
[00:02:49] thought, of course, so excuse me, but if today there is a
[00:02:53] crisis in the sector, there is a crisis in the profession for teachers,
[00:02:57] it's not because sometimes, and moreover, it's completely reprehensible,
[00:03:00] some of their cars are burned or
[00:03:04] requires honesty, they are attacked by students, it's
[00:03:04] no longer so in 1973, why? Because there had been ultra-minority. It's useless to bring
[00:03:05] commitment, that up in a global debate by saying that's
[00:03:06] high standards, and why there's a crisis in the profession. The crisis in the profession
[00:03:10] is because their purchasing power has decreased
[00:03:12] the National Assembly or a since 1980, it went from, no, no, but it went from 2.4 times the
[00:03:15] minimum wage, the starting salary in teaching, in education, it went from
[00:03:19] 2.4 times the minimum wage to 1.2, so there's also that question there. I completely
[00:03:23] agree on the remuneration, the remuneration of teachers, which comes back to
[00:03:27] symbolic remuneration and respect for people, because it's not like it
[00:03:30] doesn't exist, it has become extremely difficult to be a
[00:03:33] teacher in a certain number of neighborhoods, including with bourgeois
[00:03:36] parents, yes, except that you know, when in those neighborhoods they are
[00:03:39] 36, 37 per class, it's obviously more complicated afterwards to have a class that holds up than when they
[00:03:43] are 28 or when they are 24, which is why
[00:03:46] I was telling you, let's ask ourselves the question of why it is so
[00:03:49] difficult to have teachers in difficult areas, because there are not enough
[00:03:52] teachers, yes, but so that is not an
[00:03:55] answer, Bruno Cotres, go ahead, there is a problem of
[00:03:59] remuneration
[00:04:01] of teachers, I can testify, even from higher education as well,
[00:04:05] uh, the starting salaries of
[00:04:08] France, the latest figures from teachers,
[00:04:11] I remind you anyway that the starting salaries of university teachers or
[00:04:15] researchers are for seniors
[00:04:18] 2500, 2600 euros gross for people who have
[00:04:22] done bac + 10 and so on. So a real problem of
[00:04:24] remuneration that does not come from Emmanuel
[00:04:28] Macron, it was there before. obviously it's a choice that France made at some
[00:04:32] point to poorly pay those who transmit knowledge.
[00:04:35] Uh, you say it's a choice France made at some point and it has
[00:04:39] remained. I think there are other European countries that pay their
[00:04:42] teachers better. So there are European countries that
[00:04:46] give other types of status to teachers, there's a whole other problem,
[00:04:49] but it's certain that there's a crisis of vocation and the reasons for the crises of
[00:04:53] vocation are still the difficulty of the job and its
[00:04:56] remuneration, it's also about remuneration because when I was telling you...
[00:05:00] that we gave in to the demands of the streets, how is the national education
[00:05:03] budget structured? We had been saying for
[00:05:06] hectares of years on Atlantico that we were actually lying about the
[00:05:09] distribution because we didn't want to admit that a third of the education budget was going to
[00:05:13] finance pensions, that there were overcontributions from the employer state. So teachers are
[00:05:16] absolutely not responsible, but when you have French people mobilizing because they
[00:05:20] refuse the demographic reality and who refuse the reality of a pension
[00:05:24] reform, you cannot then come crying about the fact that a
[00:05:27] good third of the national education budget is devoted not precisely to
[00:05:31] high school students, not precisely to paying teachers who deserve it in
[00:05:35] view of the difficulty of their tasks, but to paying the past because
[00:05:39] that is precisely because we gave in to the demands of the streets.
[00:05:45] education minister who spoke of "trimming the fat" if I remember
[00:05:48] correctly, oh yes, and that dates back,
[00:05:51] it dates back, it was well trimmed last year, maybe there are also
[00:05:54] teachers missing because the budget
[00:05:56] 25-26 positions
[00:05:59] for teachers
[00:06:02] uh of students, but then we put classes like in Portugal, it's
[00:06:06] the same, we put classes with 27, 30, 35
[00:06:09] students and 32 per class. their
[00:06:12] parents also protest because of, so the government has proposed measures nonetheless,
[00:06:16] so precisely 28 students in second grade from 2027, that's part of the
[00:06:20] government's answer, we're going to say it anyway, we don't know how they do it, but anyway,
[00:06:24] in 2027 in half of the less privileged high schools, then in 2028 in all
[00:06:27] high schools, 28 students for second grade, 500 additional teaching positions in
[00:06:31] 2027, 500 additional positions for psychologists, nurses,
[00:06:34] social workers, 4 billion euros in preferential rate loans
[00:06:38] to help regions renovate high schools, and 15,000 additional
[00:06:42] places in higher education. So obviously that doesn't
[00:06:45] exactly meet the demands of high school students, but well, it's
[00:06:49] a gesture, in fact, the government will receive the trade
[00:06:53] union organizations and employer organizations on Monday, so is that
[00:06:56] what you and you also feel, that there is still
[00:07:00] some listening, that things are moving forward? It's a victory, in any case, we see
[00:07:04] that we can be heard when we go out into the streets, and in fact, that's a bit of an exception in
[00:07:07] Macron's reality. Now, the measures that were announced at the end of
[00:07:10] October are mostly just for show, and don't really constitute
[00:07:14] progress. The 15,000 places are not enough, because, and in fact, they are
[00:07:17] concentrated in university institutes of technology (IUTs) and
[00:07:20] advanced technician's certificates (BTSs), which is very good, that there is a strengthening of these sectors, but not
[00:07:24] in general universities, which today therefore cannot accommodate the number of
[00:07:27] high school graduates that you want. We are asking for 25,000 places,
[00:07:31] because in fact, once you have a diploma, what do you do with it? What do you do
[00:07:35] with it? But in fact, the question is a student with a baccalaureate, we consider that a
[00:07:39] student with a baccalaureate should be able to continue the studies they want in higher
[00:07:43] education, and if possible in local universities, once they have their diploma, because the problem,
[00:07:46] as you will have noticed like me, is that we have overproduced elites, and that
[00:07:50] precisely there are no outlets in front, that we don't
[00:07:53] adaptation
[00:07:56] to the needs of society in front. I'm just going to answer on all of them, if you want, if
[00:08:00] you can, on all of the demands, there you go,
[00:08:03] so it's a societal project that we have, in any case, that everyone can emancipate
[00:08:07] themselves through knowledge by going to university.
[00:08:11] Now, on the other question, on the renovation of buildings, which was really one of
[00:08:15] our flagship measures, in fact, this preferential rate loan from the Caisse des Dépôts to the
[00:08:18] regions is not relevant, inasmuch as many
[00:08:22] regional councils already won't have the means to contract this loan because
[00:08:25] they won't have the means to repay it. We have already had discussions with regional councils who tell
[00:08:29] us that, in fact, this loan is useless. We could have very well
[00:08:33] borrowed ourselves to do it, we need subsidies,
[00:08:37] uh, if you want to finance directly so that
[00:08:40] it weighs less, in any case...
[00:08:42] at the moment when investments must be made on the regional budgets. Now, on
[00:08:46] teachers, there is the creation of about 200 positions, which only covers
[00:08:50] one million hours out of the 15 and a half million hours that are missing
[00:08:54] every year in class. There you go, and just, excuse me, but on the
[00:08:58] discourse you have, which is very serious, you absolutely minimize the
[00:09:01] reality of social inequalities and in fact the
[00:09:04] social misery in which a certain number of our comrades, our
[00:09:07] compatriots in general, find themselves. So one young person out of
[00:09:11] 5 must have food access, there
[00:09:14] are 40, there are 9.8 million people below the poverty line
[00:09:18] in 2024 in
[00:09:21] INSEE, and I think it's not because it's not because they live in the 20th century, I think
[00:09:25] we should stop despising I
[00:09:28] was saying that there are people who are, no, no, no, I was telling you that there are people who
[00:09:32] are assigned precisely by a system and that we must
[00:09:36] collectively make the effort to think about this new world because
[00:09:39] this reality anyway, it imposes itself on us, that it's
[00:09:43] too simplistic to see it only as the rich escaping tax or not because it's
[00:09:46] infinitely more complex than that and when I ask you the question on the contrary I think we must
[00:09:50] respect people and respect is to tell them the truth you will have a diploma
[00:09:54] at bac +5 and what will you do with it what I notice today is that people from
[00:09:57] Silicon Valley say we don't even want to hire people who come out of universities because we want to
[00:10:01] train them ourselves because the world is moving so fast that no but
[00:10:05] it participates in this anxiety I agree but precisely respect
[00:10:08] people and respect your generation is to say but let's have a discourse of truth
[00:10:12] it's disturbing, that doesn't mean it doesn't exist, let's stop having
[00:10:16] catastrophist discourses all the time about climate, about immigration, about I don't know what, because
[00:10:20] the future is what we make of it, but yes, let's face
[00:10:23] it head on because it's dizzying.
[00:10:28] to come back nonetheless to the political response, we are at
[00:10:32] a moment, first of all, a presidential campaign, so
[00:10:36] and then especially a budget, finally, well, an end of reign, it must be said
[00:10:40] anyway, with an extremely constrained budget, you just have to see yesterday the budget was rejected unanimously
[00:10:44] in the National Assembly, so that, well, I imagine when you hear
[00:10:47] that, Bruno Cotres, how can we move forward? That means using a
[00:10:51] 49.3 or ordinances, so there will immediately arise the problem of democracy
[00:10:55] or not democracy, finally, there, rejected unanimously
[00:10:58] yesterday, it is still a blocking situation,
[00:11:01] an unprecedented impasse in
[00:11:04] total, totally, we are totally at an impasse,
[00:11:07] it is absolutely unprecedented, meaning that the government did not even have
[00:11:11] the support of its own parliamentarians,
[00:11:13] so unanimously, it is quite, it is
[00:11:17] quite exceptional, this morning I had my science students, we
[00:11:21] talked about French current events, I announced that to them and I saw on the faces of my students,
[00:11:25] coming from other countries, they were incredulous, they thought I had
[00:11:28] not checked the information, there you go, no, I'll show them,
[00:11:32] no, no, that's really what is happening, so the candidates
[00:11:35] from Horizon, finally the whole center voted against, we are living in a period that
[00:11:38] is a period of impasse,
[00:11:41] uh, we see that at the same time there is an effect which is Emmanuel Macron's 10 years
[00:11:45] which are really ending in an impasse, the head of state no longer has the
[00:11:48] means, he no longer even has the possibility of creating a horizon since everyone knows that in a few
[00:11:52] weeks... he's no longer there, so he doesn't even have the possibility of creating a rebound
[00:11:55] effect, uh, he has a
[00:11:59] popularity that is extremely low, a poll today puts him at 13
[00:12:02] % popularity, it's the record of the entire 5th Republic for
[00:12:08] majority, his prime minister has no
[00:12:11] solution for the budget and we are in a kind of
[00:12:14] situation, a technocratic government that has not
[00:12:17] received strong popular legitimacy to make
[00:12:21] choices that it cannot, that it cannot ultimately. I am relying on a
[00:12:25] popular mandate that was given to me, it is the consequence, the consequence of the
[00:12:28] dissolution, the consequence of the dissolution, so we are truly, truly,
[00:12:31] truly at an impasse, Anna Navarro, because there he
[00:12:34] is going to try to gain a little bit, revalue the minimum wage for example, so here we are talking about AI and all
[00:12:38] that, and then we come back to the minimum wage, which is still really, well, how do we
[00:12:42] revalue the minimum wage today? It increased by 1.2% in January,
[00:12:46] 2.4% in June because it is indexed to inflation, so there it
[00:12:49] would perhaps get a boost. The CGT is asking for a 10% increase, the CFDT a
[00:12:53] 100 euro increase. We
[00:12:56] listened this morning to Amir Reza Tofigi, who is the
[00:13:00] head of the employers' organization for entrepreneurs, he says we absolutely
[00:13:04] must not increase the minimum wage, so we are still in that debate today, yes, and we are talking
[00:13:07] about bringing forward the revaluation of the minimum wage by a month
[00:13:11] to, well, to give a little something to chew on, but it's not enough, at the same time,
[00:13:15] when we see what is happening at the budgetary level,
[00:13:18] there is a real problem in this country, and I
[00:13:20] think that we don't talk enough about it, not enough to
[00:13:24] the French, what this problem of debt is, so we continue to talk
[00:13:27] about increasing this, that, as if France was still the rich country of the 30
[00:13:31] glorious years or a little after, and
[00:13:34] secondly, I don't believe that a dissolution of
[00:13:37] resignation of Emmanuel Macron could solve this
[00:13:41] problem either because we
[00:13:44] have no party that is currently, no candidate that has now
[00:13:48] presented its program for the presidential election
[00:13:51] seems to have taken the... to talk about it, but indeed
[00:14:05] no one has the notion of what is the seriousness of the
[00:14:09] debt problem in France and what it will represent for this country,
[00:14:12] and another thing, increasing the minimum wage, obviously it is very
[00:14:16] low in this country, but at the same time, the real employer base
[00:14:20] in this country are small businesses
[00:14:23] and medium-sized businesses,
[00:14:25] I don't see anyone who, for example, a pharmacy that has a preparer or a
[00:14:29] preparer and who is already having difficulty paying this salary which is quite high and the
[00:14:32] social charges that go with it, or often the boss pays himself a very low salary
[00:14:36] or nothing at all to be able to keep his business, and
[00:14:39] I don't see how they can still increase a
[00:14:43] minimum wage by 10% or by 100
[00:14:46] euros per month, it's not possible, and yet the families around the kitchen
[00:14:49] table need those 100 euros.
[00:14:53] So we must remember, and you are right to say it,
[00:14:55] the problem with the minimum wage is that if we look at it from the point of view of the one
[00:14:59] who receives it, obviously it is uh that it is too low compared to the cost of
[00:15:03] living and inflation, but if we look at it from the point of view of the employer, it is extremely
[00:15:07] high because you said it, if you are for the small, especially for
[00:15:10] the, especially for SMEs, finally for everyone, but for SMEs, for artisans, if you have a
[00:15:14] bakery, you cannot, you cannot increase the price of bread indefinitely
[00:15:18] to be able to pay your apprentice or the saleswoman,
[00:15:21] and so that's a real problem. But on the debt, again, it is the
[00:15:25] product of our collective decisions, finally, the debt did not
[00:15:28] appear miraculously, there was an election,
[00:15:31] political pardon, there were political choices and there were
[00:15:35] decisions. When we didn't want a pension
[00:15:38] reform when we didn't want, finally, there were still many, yes, but there were candidates who
[00:15:42] presented themselves, François Fillon saying that we had to reduce the number of civil servants or
[00:15:46] state spending, the French did not want to vote for them, finally, at some point, let's not
[00:15:50] pretend how they did not have the possibility to vote for him, it's
[00:15:53] different, well, yes, François Fillon, they had the possibility to vote for, no, he was dismissed from the
[00:15:57] court, it's not because, well, no, he was not dismissed, he was
[00:16:01] present,
[00:16:01] not for that reason that it's the solution.
[00:16:05] Monday with the trade union organizations, what will it be?
[00:16:19] You will remain with very concrete demands, I would say, because
[00:16:22] here it's true that we are talking a bit about philosophy too on this set and
[00:16:26] and and macroeconomics, but you are in
[00:16:30] concrete demands, so
[00:16:32] 250,000 positions at the university, if I understood
[00:16:35] correctly, 10 billion. for education
[00:16:38] and higher education, in fact, all of us have 10 measures, of which the 250,000 additional
[00:16:42] places are part, but the total is estimated at 10.7
[00:16:46] billion, exactly. Yes, but how can you imagine that they will put 10 billion
[00:16:49] in this budget, so where do we take it from? But of course, I can answer you,
[00:16:53] so there are political choices, you talk about the social
[00:16:56] system a little bit. Uh, I tell you
[00:16:59] that on October 12, Bercy released the figures for public
[00:17:03] aid to businesses in 2024, and it's 168 billion euros.
[00:17:07] That is, approximately equal to, give or take a few hundred million, the public deficit for the same
[00:17:11] year. So there is a political choice, and moreover, these public aids to
[00:17:14] businesses have no significant impact on employment or on productivity. So but you
[00:17:18] know what they are mainly made up of? Generation of
[00:17:21] charges, because precisely the minimum wage, why, yes, but why
[00:17:24] why, yes, absolutely, but why exemption from social contributions, these
[00:17:28] exemptions from social contributions are decided by the executive and
[00:17:31] not necessarily in the finance bill, and so it's
[00:17:35] another exit from democracy, stop businesses
[00:17:38] and we pre- no, it's important, it's important that the state intervenes in
[00:17:42] the economy and supports businesses and especially in stressed sectors and to
[00:17:46] help SMEs as well, the reality is that most of these aids to
[00:17:50] businesses are concentrated on very large businesses without a
[00:17:54] positive impact on these elements, for example, we can talk about highways
[00:17:59] subsidies to highways are 2 billion euros, which is approximately
[00:18:03] equal to the dividends that these highways allow to...
[00:18:07] produce for the companies that own them, so basically we
[00:18:11] finance the dividends of the shareholders of the pages, if we look if we look at the mass, because if we
[00:18:14] look at the mass on the GDP, the mass is the debt, it is made of
[00:18:18] what essentially, why do we accumulate debt and why do we have deficits? These are social
[00:18:22] expenditures, whether they are center expenditures, pension expenditures, so I'm not telling you that we should give them up,
[00:18:26] I'm just telling you that there is something that is much worse than debt as
[00:18:30] such, because debt can be solved by growth. We were ultra-indebted in
[00:18:33] 1945, growth almost almost
[00:18:37] precisely. Precisely in 1945, we were ultra-indebted, we were
[00:18:42] growth. The problem is that today, as the
[00:18:45] financing of the French social protection system, whether it's pensions or
[00:18:49] healthcare, is exclusively based on labor, meaning that this financing
[00:18:52] comes from capital, exactly,
[00:18:55] also,
[00:18:58] it makes no sense from an accounting point of view, but since it's only based on
[00:19:02] labor and there are no longer enough people working, that French demographics are not
[00:19:05] sufficient, in any case we are in a... So the state keeps inventing new
[00:19:09] things like the CSG, and what we need is that we have a system at its breaking point and
[00:19:13] it's about being able to
[00:19:16] say it directly,
[00:19:18] you present things in one way, but we can present them in another way, and it's no less valid. You
[00:19:22] say it's the social system, well, yes, but then I can tell you that we
[00:19:25] suppress
[00:19:28] if you remove aid to businesses, he said it very well, it's
[00:19:32] that after the cost of labor, they say that the cost of labor increases,
[00:19:35] so no, and I'm telling you that it's
[00:19:39] entrepreneurs
[00:19:43] all aid to businesses, but that we also abolish
[00:19:45] taxation.
[00:19:50] please, I have less than 5 minutes left, so I wanted to make a point just because this
[00:19:54] presidential election is important, so even so you would like to vote,
[00:19:57] but you are only 16, so for now, there is a phenomenon
[00:20:01] that is interesting, which is that since all these demonstrations, it is Marine Le Pen who is benefiting
[00:20:05] from them. In the polls, and in second place,
[00:20:09] Jean-Luc Mélenchon, since these are the very latest, the very latest Ifop poll, we
[00:20:13] see that this second round Mélenchon-Le Pen is even more
[00:20:16] reinforced. Why, in your opinion, Bruno Cotres,
[00:20:20] is the center literally collapsing even more
[00:20:23] since a month ago? The main reason, will it be able to
[00:20:27] bounce back? I think the main reason is that they are fully bearing
[00:20:30] the brunt of Macron's legacy. The
[00:20:34] two main candidates of the center, Gabriel Attal and...
[00:20:41] we can almost see even the differential in voting intentions between the
[00:20:45] two according to their distance from Emmanuel Macron,
[00:20:49] basically Gabriel. Attal was still Prime Minister 2 years ago, a little over 2 years
[00:20:52] ago, uh Edouard Philippe was much, much further back,
[00:20:56] so in the eyes of public opinion, they are partly accountable for the situation, they had
[00:21:00] a prominent position, Gabriel Attal was even Minister of Public Accounts, so
[00:21:04] there you go, so public opinion has still grasped that they are de facto taking
[00:21:08] part of the responsibility for the
[00:21:10] situation. After that, there is also a situation there for
[00:21:14] some weeks that is absolutely absorbing the entire
[00:21:18] campaign, the social crisis. The high school crisis is ultimately absorbing
[00:21:22] the entirety of the media space, I
[00:21:25] have the feeling of a campaign that is a kind of a crusher where every proposal made
[00:21:29] by the candidates is almost instantaneously forgotten, we move on to the
[00:21:32] next one, and and moreover, I would say that they have a
[00:21:36] a competitive situation between them
[00:21:39] that will not be resolved so easily even by a
[00:21:42] primary
[00:21:44] primary question they don't even agree on the name that it should be
[00:21:48] a primary practically
[00:21:53] so
[00:21:57] for me these are misleading polls in a way because precisely division in the
[00:22:01] center means that at some point there will be a useful voting mechanism that will be implemented in 2022 it
[00:22:05] happened it's Emmanuel Macron who benefited from it that devastated Valérie Pecresse
[00:22:09] that devastated
[00:22:12] I think there's a majority of French people who don't want the Melenchon Le Pen duel at some point
[00:22:15] someone I don't know François Hollande David Lisnard Sébastien
[00:22:19] Lecornu. in another scenario who will end up benefiting from it, it
[00:22:23] will not be, in my opinion, I've been saying for a long time that the candidates of act 1, the Édouard Philippes, the
[00:22:26] Gabriel Attals, they will not be the ones at the finish line, but a useful
[00:22:30] voting mechanism will be implemented for the benefit of someone who, in the eyes of
[00:22:34] those who do not want it, will give the impression of a failure. I
[00:22:38] will take a step back, of course, the question of heritage, of course, all
[00:22:41] the rest, but of scientism, but for traditional parties of
[00:22:44] parliament in France there is something that is very indicative now of all the
[00:22:48] problems there is a book that came out a collective book called "Nous les Français", it's a great success
[00:22:52] it's a great success with everyone who
[00:22:55] practices politics in these parties because they are learning what the
[00:22:59] French are in this book, even though it's their job to represent them, please repeat
[00:23:03] the book you're talking about "Nous les Français" it's a
[00:23:06] collective book, I think you may know to mention a name, Professor, but
[00:23:10] in fact they should read this book, is that right? No, they are reading it to
[00:23:14] learn who the people are who are no longer French, is that what
[00:23:17] you mean? That's perhaps the impression you have.
[00:23:25] by, in any case, the center that is part of the continuity
[00:23:29] Thank you very much, Finlay Marcus, for being with us
[00:23:32] Jean-Sébastien Ferjou, thank you, Bruno Cotres
[00:23:34] Annavarro and thank you all in the
[00:23:38] control room and I'll see you on
[00:23:40] Monday
[00:23:48] it is both powerful and fragile, earning it
[00:23:56] independence, it is an essential foundation of
[00:24:00] democracy, it has the same value in all
[00:24:03] languages, without it, freedom of
[00:24:06] thought does not exist, it is
[00:24:09] trust, our reason for being. France
[00:24:13] 24, liberty, equality,
[00:24:16] news.
[00:30:07] Hello everyone, delighted to find you in the night edition, here are the
[00:30:11] headlines of this newscast: on the front page, there were 1
[00:30:14] and a half million throughout France according to unions,
[00:30:18] 575,000 according to authorities. We will hear
[00:30:21] in this newscast these angry protesters who speak of difficult end of month
[00:30:25] and deprivation on a daily basis,
[00:30:27] Sébastien Lecornu is looking for an exit, he proposes to
[00:30:31] bring together unions. and employers for a social conference next
[00:30:35] Monday. Emergency landing,
[00:30:38] diverted plane after bomb alerts, about twenty flights were
[00:30:42] disrupted this Thursday in Europe. Two French
[00:30:45] fighter jets even escorted the A320 of an Irish company
[00:30:49] to the Évreux base, incidents with each time, two
[00:30:53] big scares, we will see for the passengers and on arrival no
[00:30:56] suspicious device discovered. And then we will go to