LRT — broadcast
20261012 123000 UTC
381 transcript segments
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[00:00:00] The Russian and Ukrainian borders have created an entire corridor of
[00:00:03] Shahed drone launch bases and communication systems. They crossed
[00:00:07] the Ukrainian border near the so-called Three Sisters intersection. Russian
[00:00:10] drones fly towards Kyiv and other cities precisely along the forested
[00:00:14] Belarusian border, and sometimes even through Belarusian
[00:00:17] territory itself, until they reach the Dnieper. From here,
[00:00:21] the path towards Kyiv and Western Ukraine is
[00:00:23] the shortest.
[00:00:26] This Mobile Air Defense Team, one of several dozen,
[00:00:30] hunting Russian drones,
[00:00:33] succeeded perfectly in doing so
[00:00:37] a when propeller drones appeared, but catching the faster and higher-flying
[00:00:39] jet drones that appeared in late summer
[00:00:43] with available weapons became almost impossible. We are learning,
[00:00:46] training, we are trying to use the available
[00:00:49] weaponry against jet drones, sometimes we manage
[00:00:53] to shoot them down, it is difficult, but we have reinstalled
[00:00:56] the equipment so that it aims at the target faster.
[00:01:08] Minsk has been accused of using Belarusian communication
[00:01:10] repeaters not for the first time. In June, after Zelensky threatened
[00:01:14] strikes over this, the situation among the troops
[00:01:15] improved.
[00:01:22] After Zelensky's words, the number of drones significantly decreased. This is how the
[00:01:26] old Shaheds, Geran 2, would fly
[00:01:29] massively using their repeaters, sometimes
[00:01:32] we would have to spend two, three days in the fields, we couldn't
[00:01:35] leave.
[00:01:39] However, by the end of summer, not only drones flying at jet speed
[00:01:42] returned, but also accusations against Belarus. According to experts,
[00:01:45] the fact that Russia uses communication transmission systems in Belarus
[00:01:49] is also proven by the flight trajectory of new drones
[00:01:52] and the available technical information about these drones.
[00:01:56] Communication relay towers allow drones to maneuver more easily, to change course.
[00:02:08] The team tries to shoot it down, the second drone flying behind it
[00:02:12] is already flying straight at them, the first one draws attention,
[00:02:15] the second one strikes, there have already been tragic cases where our
[00:02:19] cars were hit
[00:02:21] through this way. Along the way from Belarus to the Russian border, signs of
[00:02:25] the drone corridor are increasing. Near the Three Sisters border crossing
[00:02:29] in Horodnia, jet drones not
[00:02:32] only fly over the city daily, but attack gas stations, energy
[00:02:36] infrastructure, and often hit residential homes. According to Sveta, who is raising
[00:02:40] two children, the battle taking place in the sky is becoming
[00:02:43] more dangerous, recently a drone hit a neighbor's
[00:02:46] house.
[00:02:48] We can't sleep, either I or my husband stays awake while the children try
[00:02:51] to fall asleep, but when we start
[00:02:55] interest rates, hearing drones and everything else, we run to the neighbor's shelter, the school basement, or hide
[00:02:58] in the bathroom. We ourselves realize
[00:03:02] how intense the air battle is in Northern Ukraine, after visiting this air defense group, which
[00:03:06] is also on duty in the path of Russian drones. As soon as we arrive, the radar
[00:03:10] shows an approaching jet drone.
[00:03:13] A roar resembling a high-flying aircraft can be heard in the sky.
[00:03:17] Soldiers quickly aim their only effective weapon against jet drones,
[00:03:20] a man-portable anti-aircraft missile launcher, in that direction.
[00:03:24] However, just as suddenly as the drone engine
[00:03:27] roar began, it suddenly falls silent. With a maneuver,
[00:03:30] the drone flies to the other side.
[00:03:33] According to radar data, its flight altitude was more than
[00:03:37] 10,500 meters. If you want to
[00:03:40] imagine that, think of a civilian airplane flying
[00:03:43] in the sky. They fly at an altitude of 80 km.
[00:03:46] Does it look small from the ground? Now
[00:03:50] imagine a Shahed flying at that altitude. It is
[00:03:54] almost impossible to see it at all. While
[00:03:57] surface-to-air missiles and Ukrainian fighter jets are the only effective
[00:04:01] weapons against jet drones, soldiers say that drones fly along
[00:04:04] the Belarusian border not by chance.
[00:04:08] Their flight path is 4, 3, 2 km from
[00:04:12] the border, everything is planned this way not by chance,
[00:04:15] because I basically cannot shoot it down there, well, I could, but
[00:04:19] if it fell on Belarusian territory,
[00:04:22] you understand, an international conflict could arise and
[00:04:25] all that. Every drone that slips past the first air defense line
[00:04:29] is a deadly danger in cities like Kyiv,
[00:04:32] as Ukraine rushes to improve interceptor drones and other weapons
[00:04:36] to shoot down jet drones, attacks in the city do not stop for a single day.
[00:04:55] The only inhabitants of a small town, suffering from merciless
[00:04:59] bandits, are even more merciless fighters
[00:05:03] for justice. Seven against an entire
[00:05:06] army, fighting for those who could not defend
[00:05:09] themselves. The Magnificent
[00:05:12] Seven this Saturday
[00:05:15] at 10:40 PM on LRT
[00:05:18] television.
[00:05:23] Just as every knitting project begins with yarn, Lithuania
[00:05:26] begins with people.
[00:05:30] Five Lithuanian regions, five teams of knitters.
[00:05:33] Through all our voices, we will tell
[00:05:36] the stories of those people. We will knit love between a person and their
[00:05:40] homeland.
[00:05:46] New show, "Knitting Lithuania", coming soon on LRT
[00:05:50] television. Instead of an invitation to weigh oneself, a suggestion
[00:05:53] to hang oneself, instead of a request to bend over, an instruction
[00:05:56] to fold up. Such curious situations are recounted by Lithuanian doctors
[00:06:00] when they try to help Russian-speaking patients who do not speak
[00:06:03] Lithuanian at work. Why, after three decades of independence,
[00:06:07] do we still not communicate in Lithuanian? Discussion on the show "Not
[00:06:10] So Simple" this Wednesday. 7:30 PM on LRT
[00:08:51] This year's Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to
[00:08:54] two American scientists, Robert Hall and Michael
[00:08:58] Woodford, for research that helps countries more easily
[00:09:01] overcome economic crises. The economy
[00:09:04] sometimes grows very quickly, and sometimes slows down, people buy
[00:09:08] less, companies earn less, unemployment may increase.
[00:09:11] Scientists have developed ways to better understand how
[00:09:14] people and companies make decisions and how this affects
[00:09:18] the economy of the entire country. Their work helps governments and central
[00:09:22] banks decide when to stimulate the economy and when
[00:09:25] perhaps to slow it down a bit. Simply put, their
[00:09:28] discoveries help mitigate economic crises and
[00:09:31] protect people from their most severe
[00:09:34] consequences. I am talking to Professor of Economics at Vilnius University and
[00:09:38] Chief Economist of the Bank of Lithuania, Linas Tarasonis.
[00:09:42] Good day. Good day. Good day Rasa, good day,
[00:09:45] Lithuania. What did these
[00:09:48] two scientists discover or explain that was so important
[00:09:52] that economists did not understand before?
[00:09:56] Yes, first of all, I must say that the economics
[00:09:59] community welcomed these news with great
[00:10:03] joy, both in Lithuania and in the international
[00:10:05] community, there is simply a resounding
[00:10:09] "finally, finally" that these economists, Robert
[00:10:12] Hall from Stanford and Professor Woodford from
[00:10:15] Columbia, have been honored with the Nobel,
[00:10:18] Nobel Prize. So they,
[00:10:22] Hall and Woodford, really allowed us to look
[00:10:25] at economics a little differently
[00:10:28] and essentially
[00:10:31] changed the approach a little
[00:10:35] in the sense that when thinking about the general, about the entire economy,
[00:10:38] macroeconomics, that is, how our
[00:10:41] aggregated aggregated
[00:10:44] data moves,
[00:10:47] that is unemployment, gross domestic product, we must, we
[00:10:51] must look
[00:10:54] at individual units of our economy, a very natural idea,
[00:10:57] but in fact at that time those
[00:11:00] two sciences, macroeconomics, which examines the entire
[00:11:03] economy, how all aggregates
[00:11:06] move, and microeconomics, how decisions are made by consumers,
[00:11:09] businesses, households, were quite separate, so
[00:11:13] these two scientists became the link that
[00:11:17] connected and laid the foundations
[00:11:20] for macroeconomics
[00:11:23] through precisely a microeconomic prism, in other
[00:11:26] words, they
[00:11:29] said that it is very important
[00:11:33] that we understand how
[00:11:36] the economy moves, we
[00:11:39] need to understand what a simple household
[00:11:42] does, what decisions regarding price levels
[00:11:46] companies make, and so on, and at this point,
[00:11:49] the main point is expectations,
[00:11:52] Hall's main insight about... about
[00:11:55] demand, that is consumption, which is the main component
[00:11:59] of gross domestic product, the demand component,
[00:12:02] the main insight is that consumer
[00:12:06] consumption, the decision to consume,
[00:12:09] that is, to put it simply, whether we will buy a new
[00:12:13] car or go on vacation, is determined by expectations
[00:12:16] and similarly, companies set prices
[00:12:20] thinking about the long term, about
[00:12:23] the medium and long term, that is, not only, not only, not only for today, since
[00:12:26] changing prices is not so simple, and from here
[00:12:30] arises, from here arises
[00:12:34] such a new space for our
[00:12:38] public policy and especially for the institution
[00:12:42] that shapes those expectations
[00:12:46] interest rates, that is, the central bank, excuse
[00:12:50] me,
[00:12:53] so the central bank, by setting
[00:12:57] interest rates, can precisely encourage
[00:12:59] or encourage greater consumption
[00:13:03] by lowering interest rates, that is,
[00:13:07] by making saving less attractive and by making
[00:13:10] borrowing more attractive and similarly
[00:13:13] by reducing consumption through
[00:13:17] higher
[00:13:20] so that's
[00:13:24] where Woodford actually
[00:13:27] created the model,
[00:13:30] the so-called New
[00:13:33] Keynesian model,
[00:13:36] which is used, which is essentially now
[00:13:40] the main model that all
[00:13:43] central banks, finance
[00:13:45] ministries, the International Monetary Fund, all use
[00:13:49] for forecasting how public policy
[00:13:51] can affect economic
[00:13:55] growth. So if we
[00:13:57] understand better today how the economy works,
[00:14:01] why do we still fail to avoid crises? What
[00:14:04] even the most advanced economic models cannot
[00:14:08] predict? Yes,
[00:14:11] that's probably one
[00:14:13] of the shortcomings. Indeed, this
[00:14:17] model allows us to understand how we should
[00:14:21] react to a crisis, not why crises arise. But
[00:14:24] that is already a big achievement, and that should not
[00:14:28] be denied. If we compare, for example,
[00:14:30] the Great Depression of the 1930s and the Great Recession, which
[00:14:34] occurred about
[00:14:37] 20 years ago, then
[00:14:41] that change, that reaction to that crisis and
[00:14:44] precisely the stabilization policy allowed that crisis
[00:14:47] to be managed, managed quite
[00:14:50] successfully. Another typical example is
[00:14:54] the energy price crisis, which is especially relevant for Lithuania
[00:14:57] today. In 1993, we had
[00:15:01] a huge oil price
[00:15:05] shock, which precisely destroyed the then-existing models,
[00:15:09] because at that time it was believed that prices should stabilize
[00:15:13] the economy automatically, by falling,
[00:15:16] but almost 10 years of stagflation followed, where the economy grew slowly
[00:15:19] and prices were very high, and the problem was precisely that
[00:15:23] the stabilization policy was precisely
[00:15:27] the opposite of what was needed, prices were
[00:15:30] stimulated by the state
[00:15:32] economy, and because of that,
[00:15:36] companies, expecting prices to rise, raised
[00:15:39] prices even more, and that caused that stagflation. Now,
[00:15:43] the recent
[00:15:47] energy price shock that we saw, we see
[00:15:50] that precisely, based on Hall's and Woodford's
[00:15:54] ideas,
[00:15:55] after the energy
[00:15:59] price shock, which is a typical
[00:16:03] negative supply shock,
[00:16:05] the economy is... restrained, it is not stimulated, it is
[00:16:09] cooled, interest rates are raised, and in this
[00:16:12] way
[00:16:14] negative shock to demand
[00:16:18] is formed, a negative, negative shock
[00:16:22] to consumption, and comparing these two episodes now, which
[00:16:26] economists do and try to argue
[00:16:29] that we have
[00:16:32] instruments that allow us to deal with these shocks much
[00:16:35] better, that is, the huge price shock that
[00:16:39] we had, it was dealt
[00:16:42] with sufficiently effectively, sufficiently quickly
[00:16:46] in a year and a half or two
[00:16:49] years, so thank you, Vilnius University Professor of Economics
[00:16:52] and Chief Economist of the Bank of Lithuania, Linas Tarasonis, thank
[00:16:56] you for
[00:16:59] his explanations.
[00:17:02] The Vilnius City Museum invites visitors not only to an exhibition, but also
[00:17:06] to an almost detective story. It tells the story of the Brain Research
[00:17:09] Institute that operated in interwar Vilnius, the vanished
[00:17:13] brain of Jozef Pilsudski and its
[00:17:15] search, which it turns out continues
[00:17:18] to this day. More in my colleague Simona Vaveriūnaitė's
[00:17:21] report. The Vilnius City Museum steps out of
[00:17:25] traditional museum spaces and invites you to learn history where
[00:17:29] it happened. Last week, the exhibition "Brain Atlas: The Polish Brain
[00:17:32] Research Institute in Vilnius" was opened to visitors, inviting them to explore this
[00:17:36] strange story on its original site, the Vilnius City Mental
[00:17:39] Health Center on Vasaros Street, where the Polish Brain
[00:17:43] Research Institute also operated during the interwar period. Let's begin to examine this intriguing and little-heard story
[00:17:46] from the very origins of the Polish Brain Research Institute. Here,
[00:17:49] since 1927,
[00:17:52] a psychiatric hospital has been operating,
[00:17:55] now it is the Vilnius City Mental Health
[00:17:59] Center. Its purpose has not
[00:18:02] changed, next year will be 100
[00:18:05] years for these buildings on Vasaros Street,
[00:18:07] five. In 1931,
[00:18:11] the Polish Brain Research Institute was founded
[00:18:14] here, because one person, Maximilian
[00:18:18] Rose, a neurologist, was invited to lecture at Stefan Batory University,
[00:18:21] now Vilnius University, and became the head of this
[00:18:25] psychiatric hospital, and since he worked in such
[00:18:29] an institute in Warsaw before coming to Vilnius, he simply moved
[00:18:33] that institute, founded in Warsaw a year earlier, to
[00:18:36] Vilnius. In the early 20th century, information about
[00:18:39] achievements in neurological science was published on the front pages of all
[00:18:43] newspapers, says the exhibition curator, because it was
[00:18:46] a very dynamic field of science, many discoveries, many new
[00:18:50] things. At the end of the 19th century,
[00:18:53] it was learned how to see neurons, because before that it was
[00:18:57] such a strange mass, a human
[00:19:00] organ, it was unclear what was inside, but then it was learned how to
[00:19:03] stain brain slices and see
[00:19:07] how neurons are arranged, and based
[00:19:10] on that, they began to draw so-called brain
[00:19:13] atlases. This institute precisely dealt with this and was
[00:19:16] only one of a few such institutes in Europe. There were
[00:19:20] only four such places in Europe, Berlin,
[00:19:23] Vilnius, Moscow, and Madrid, and
[00:19:27] the brightest minds in neurology worked
[00:19:30] in those institutes, corresponded, maintained correspondence, exchanged
[00:19:34] discoveries, and well...
[00:19:37] Vilnius found itself among four such
[00:19:40] stars. One of the most important
[00:19:43] works of the institute was the study of the brain of Polish Marshal
[00:19:47] Józef Piłsudski. At that time, it was believed that genius could be detected by studying
[00:19:50] brain structure. Of course, that led nowhere,
[00:19:54] unfortunately, but such a desire,
[00:19:58] such a dream existed, and here, after receiving
[00:20:01] Marshal Piłsudski's brain after his death, he died in '35. So...
[00:20:05] in '26, '27, it was
[00:20:07] studied here in Vilnius at Vasaros 5, two publications were released,
[00:20:11] of impressive size and beauty, but
[00:20:14] the research was not completed, and
[00:20:17] the second volume of the book was not published. Although many know where
[00:20:20] Piłsudski's body and heart are buried, the whereabouts of his brain still
[00:20:23] remain a mystery. Vilnius is the last known location of Piłsudski's brain,
[00:20:27] what happened later is still unknown, it is believed that it
[00:20:31] could have been hidden in the Vasaros Street area, taken to Moscow
[00:20:34] or Warsaw, but none of these versions have been
[00:20:38] confirmed. Piłsudski's body was also
[00:20:41] divided into three parts, the body is buried in Wawel
[00:20:45] Cathedral, where Polish rulers rest, his heart is buried
[00:20:47] in Rasos Cemetery together with his
[00:20:50] mother, whose remains were also transferred from another
[00:20:53] location, and his brain disappeared here in Vilnius, though not
[00:20:56] in this specific building where we are now, but
[00:21:00] in another building of the complex at Vasaros Street
[00:21:03] five. But the exhibition curators say that the story told in this exhibition
[00:21:06] is not an attempt to find the missing brain.
[00:21:10] However, this exhibition is not about finding the brain, it is
[00:21:14] about the search itself, about what you discover
[00:21:18] along the way. One such discovery was the history
[00:21:21] of this institute. However, the institute's history in the exhibition becomes only
[00:21:25] a starting point. The exhibition reveals an unexpected connection between science and
[00:21:28] art. It began in the late 19th century, when
[00:21:32] neurologists learned to highlight neurons using special methods, but
[00:21:35] could not yet accurately depict them. Then artists
[00:21:39] were called upon for help, creating detailed drawings
[00:21:42] of neuron atlases. Today, some of them are exhibited
[00:21:46] in the exhibition; to those unaware of their origin,
[00:21:49] these works could easily resemble abstract art.
[00:21:52] Yes, it was decided to supplement the historical
[00:21:56] part of the exhibition with contemporary art. Six artists participate in the exhibition.
[00:21:59] Some present previously created works, for example, a film about
[00:22:03] the search for Piłsudski's brain in the vicinity of Vasaros Street, others create
[00:22:06] works specifically for this exhibition. They talk not only about
[00:22:09] the connection between science and art, but about the brain, the ethics of such
[00:22:13] research, the longing for authorities and human thinking itself.
[00:22:16] So, knowing all this, let's return to the essential place. The location
[00:22:20] of this exhibition seems very important, and that this exhibition is here on Vasaros
[00:22:24] Street, Vasaros five, we, as
[00:22:27] a museum, also work a lot with mental
[00:22:30] health stigma reduction issues, and I think that
[00:22:34] the hospital allowing us to have the exhibition here is also
[00:22:38] a sign of other times. Nevertheless,
[00:22:41] the exhibition's narrative does not end with the history of Vasaros Street and leads
[00:22:45] to much broader questions. This exhibition
[00:22:48] primarily talks about how we see the world and how images
[00:22:52] actually create reality. It talks about
[00:22:55] the technologies behind images, about how they
[00:22:58] affect our understanding and can even manipulate it,
[00:23:02] so we must remain curious, observe, research, and not let
[00:23:05] images distract us too much, we must be able
[00:23:08] to concentrate. And although the fate of Piłsudski's brain is still
[00:23:12] unknown, the exhibition suggests looking for the answer, the meaning
[00:23:16] of the search itself. So this free exhibition, which is part of the
[00:23:19] Open Psychiatry program, will await visitors on Vasaros Street
[00:23:22] until mid-December. Well,
[00:23:26] as the last minutes of the show tick by, it's time
[00:23:30] to review your answers to today's question:
[00:23:33] how do you evaluate Donald Trump's agreement with
[00:23:37] Vladimir Putin regarding the purchase
[00:23:40] or supply of diesel? Out of almost 700 who managed
[00:23:44] to comment, the majority, 85%,
[00:23:47] believe it's like a deal with the devil. 9% say
[00:23:51] it's logical, after all, America comes first, and
[00:23:53] 6% say they don't know where it
[00:30:16] Good afternoon. 16 most important events of the day in Lithuania.
[00:30:19] European Union diplomatic leaders do not condemn
[00:30:23] Donald Trump's agreement with Vladimir Putin, but do not believe
[00:30:26] in its benefits. As well as the United States President's announcement of
[00:30:30] an energy ceasefire. In Luxembourg. The ministers
[00:30:33] meeting there approved the largest sanctions package against Russia to date. They added
[00:30:37] over one and a half military industry figures responsible for
[00:30:41] the production of ballistic missiles to the blacklist. From Luxembourg, Milda Vilikanskytė and Evaldas
[00:30:44] Labanauskas. Russian strike near a grocery
[00:30:48] store in Kharkiv, reports of three dead and
[00:30:52] nine injured. This explosion came shortly after
[00:30:55] the United States President announced on his social network
[00:30:59] about the war.