M1 — Megszolalt a gyori vaskakas
20261105 012500 UTC
214 transcript segments
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[00:00:00] We arrived at the corner of Deák Street just as a crowd,
[00:00:03] swirling in wide rows, turned onto Stalin
[00:00:06] Street. In the front rows, old
[00:00:09] workers with determined faces advanced. Further back, however,
[00:00:12] I saw several actors who had probably joined the protesters
[00:00:16] in front of the small theater building. People leaning
[00:00:20] out of windows listened with happy smiles
[00:00:23] to the slogan: "He who is Hungarian,
[00:00:26] stand with us." The passers-by did not need encouragement; they enthusiastically
[00:00:30] joined the procession and chanted together with the
[00:00:33] crowd: "Rise, Hungarian,
[00:00:36] homeland, every Russian go
[00:00:38] home."
[00:00:41] The first target of the demonstration near Baross Bridge was the
[00:00:44] Soviet military monument standing at the edge of Dimitrov Promenade.
[00:00:47] From the top of the obelisk, a few wagon factory workers
[00:00:51] pulled down the five-pointed star with ropes. From the
[00:00:55] side of the monument, they tried to knock down the two
[00:00:59] bayonet-wielding Soviet soldiers depicted
[00:01:02] in the relief while the crowd was singing
[00:01:05] the anthem, the black-mustachioed police
[00:01:09] sergeant directing traffic tore
[00:01:12] the red star from his cap and saluted.
[00:01:15] "Árpád Tihanyi, with whom I discussed Pest
[00:01:18] news on Baross Road last night, was now at the center
[00:01:22] of events. He was asked to recite the
[00:01:25] Szózat (Appeal)." From the battered Soviet monument,
[00:01:29] we marched to the town hall to admire how
[00:01:32] two wagon factory workers pulled down the red
[00:01:35] star of the proletariat dictatorship from the building wall.
[00:01:38] The crowd split at the corner of Jókai Street,
[00:01:41] a smaller group heading to the party headquarters, and the larger
[00:01:45] crowd to the County Prison. It was then that I separated
[00:01:48] from Ági, whom the will of the people carried to the party headquarters, while
[00:01:52] I drifted towards the prison. Here, we no longer acted independently,
[00:01:56] but as atoms of a revolutionary force.
[00:02:00] The prison guards offered no resistance; they handed over the
[00:02:03] keys, and a few minutes later, the pale,
[00:02:06] coarsely-dressed prisoners
[00:02:09] appeared at the prison gate, including the boy
[00:02:13] I defended
[00:02:13] in court yesterday.
[00:02:18] Suddenly, from the direction of Baross Bridge, some submachine guns rattled,
[00:02:21] and this unexpected gunfire silenced, then
[00:02:24] prompted to flee the crowd celebrating the released
[00:02:27] prisoners.
[00:02:30] officers rounded the corner and forced its way
[00:02:34] towards the prison entrance. The escape
[00:02:37] route towards the station was closed due to construction work,
[00:02:40] so the flood of people tried to cross the narrow
[00:02:44] pedestrian bridge in a panic to the Nádorváros
[00:02:47] side of the railway.
[00:02:49] While fleeing, several women stepped out of their high-heeled
[00:02:53] shoes to run faster. Looking
[00:02:56] back from the bridge, I still saw that in front of the prison, the submachine-gun-wielding
[00:03:00] AVH officers fired warning shots from their raised
[00:03:04] weapons, then jumped off the truck
[00:03:07] and ran into the prison
[00:03:09] yard.
[00:03:12] Having crossed to the other side, most of the people hurried towards Baross Bridge;
[00:03:16] only a dozen young people shortened
[00:03:19] their way through the railway tracks to throw stones
[00:03:23] last night were released by the from behind the brick piles of the 正在 built station
[00:03:26] towards the prison, annoying the AVH officers
[00:03:30] who were taking up firing positions in the windows.
[00:03:33] I also returned through the tracks, but since
[00:03:36] I saw little point in throwing stones, I didn't stay
[00:03:39] long.
[00:03:42] I joined the demonstrators gathered in front of the town hall, among
[00:03:46] whom I discovered several acquaintances, including Ibolya. It was
[00:03:49] here that the news reached me that the AVH officers
[00:03:52] had opened fire from the prison windows on the
[00:03:55] young people throwing stones. A 20-year-old nurse and two boys
[00:03:59] were killed. Most were wounded.
[00:04:02] Driven by the terrible news, the protesters even more determinedly demanded
[00:04:06] the removal of the old communist guard from the city
[00:04:09] council. It was already getting dark when Soviet
[00:04:13] armored vehicles appeared with a huge rumble
[00:04:16] from the direction of Kiskút. In moments, the square
[00:04:20] emptied; people sought refuge in the side streets
[00:04:23] and doorways. I watched the developments
[00:04:26] from behind a newspaper kiosk on an empty plot next to the Gergász
[00:04:30] restaurant. For a while, there was silence,
[00:04:34] then more and more people dared to come out from under the gates
[00:04:37] and shouted, waving flags: "Russians,
[00:04:41] go home!" The Russian soldiers sitting on top
[00:04:44] of the tanks silently endured the Hungarian
[00:04:47] youths shaming them.
[00:04:51] October 26, Friday. In the morning,
[00:04:55] I met Aladár Wells, the president of the bar association,
[00:04:59] at the corner of Baross Street, who, with tears in his eyes,
[00:05:02] asked me not to commit any rash acts that could cause me
[00:05:05] trouble later. By then, such a huge crowd had gathered
[00:05:09] in front of the town hall that the side streets were also filled
[00:05:12] with protesters.
[00:05:14] Representatives of the people on the balcony of the town hall
[00:05:18] urged the formation of a national council and the release
[00:05:22] of the students arrested the previous day.
[00:05:25] Allegedly, Soviet armored vehicles last night ensured the transport
[00:05:28] of officers' families from the city to their Győrszentiván
[00:05:32] base.
[00:05:36] Several suggested we march to the Nádorváros Rákóczi
[00:05:39] barracks and call on the soldiers to join us.
[00:05:44] At the barracks gate, a Hungarian army major received
[00:05:46] us, who spoke to the people from the stone fence
[00:05:49] of the barracks, claiming that the soldiers could not
[00:05:53] leave their quarters for
[00:05:55] security reasons. As a sign of good will, he took
[00:05:59] off the red star from his cap, and
[00:06:01] his example was followed by the small soldiers standing
[00:06:04] in the windows. It was a veritable starfall.
[00:06:08] Finally, the major allowed a small group of
[00:06:12] armed soldiers to join us and lead the
[00:06:15] march. Thus, we marched to the
[00:06:18] county headquarters of the Ministry of Interior, on Körkemence Street.
[00:06:21] There were perhaps 600-800 of us.
[00:06:24] The officer in sunglasses at the head of the AVH guards
[00:06:28] protecting the building's entrance strictly defined how far
[00:06:31] we could go. From the suspiciously bulging
[00:06:35] curtains of the open upstairs windows, it was
[00:06:37] clear that weapons were aimed
[00:06:41] at us from everywhere. Dobosfilmos, a photographer, who was leading
[00:06:44] a delegation negotiating the release of prisoners in the
[00:06:47] building, appeared several times at one of the first-floor
[00:06:51] windows and, with an unmistakable
[00:06:53] hand gesture, encouraged the crowd,
[00:06:56] which was growing by the minute, to increase
[00:06:59] their volume. After a while, the submachine-gun-wielding
[00:07:03] AVH officers quietly disappeared from the gate, and their
[00:07:07] place was taken by police officers in blue
[00:07:09] uniforms, who looked at the protesters
[00:07:13] with friendly expressions. The crowd that had gathered
[00:07:17] in the meantime roared menacingly: "Lay down your
[00:07:19] weapons!" The window curtains slowly
[00:07:22] smoothed out, and then a white flag appeared
[00:07:26] in one of the upstairs windows. The AVH surrendered.
[00:07:30] The crowd pushed into the
[00:07:33] building. With Károly Bálint, since we were close
[00:07:36] to the entrance, we entered with the first
[00:07:39] group to a place we would not have liked to enter
[00:07:42] yesterday. Most of the AVH officers,
[00:07:46] fearing retaliation, had meanwhile escaped through the
[00:07:49] back gate across the courtyard from the building.
[00:07:52] Only the police officers in blue uniforms waited for the crowd
[00:07:55] entering the Ministry of Interior headquarters. The few
[00:07:59] AVH officers who could not escape tried to blend into the crowd
[00:08:02] in civilian jackets. Only little Tulner
[00:08:06] I saw in uniform, as he anxiously tried to convince
[00:08:09] the young people around him that he had harmed no one.
[00:08:13] They just shouted at him but did not hurt him. From a
[00:08:17] man in a civilian jacket, whose identity was easy to
[00:08:20] determine from his military boots and trousers,
[00:08:23] I took the revolver hidden in his trouser pocket and placed
[00:08:27] it on the tray where weapons were being collected.
[00:08:30] From the basement prison cells, not only the young protesters arrested
[00:08:36] police, but others as well. Among them was
[00:08:39] a very pale, thin, broken old villager,
[00:08:43] who was allegedly dragged away by the AVH for
[00:08:46] violating delivery regulations.
[00:08:48] On our
[00:08:51] way back from the AVH, news reached us that at the
[00:08:54] Mosonmagyaróvár border guard barracks, the green AVH officers
[00:08:57] had fired into the unarmed crowd, and many
[00:09:00] had died. We had barely reached Stalin
[00:09:04] Street from Baross Bridge when a truck loaded with young people sped
[00:09:08] past us. From the vehicle, my friend Kalifa, whom
[00:09:12] I hadn't seen for days, shouted down, "Come
[00:09:14] Laci, we're going to Óvár to make order." I might
[00:09:18] have been able to catch the truck, which was then speeding
[00:09:22] up, but Ági, whom I met in front of the AVH
[00:09:24] headquarters, held me back. So I stayed in Győr, where
[00:09:28] the revolutionary national council was formed in the afternoon,
[00:09:32] led by Attila
[00:09:32] Szigeti.
[00:09:36] The first measure of the national council was to send
[00:09:40] Gábor Földes and three others to Mosonmagyaróvár
[00:09:43] to investigate the bloodbath and prevent
[00:09:46] further bloodshed. By then,
[00:09:49] under the leadership of Árpád Tihanyi, the convoy of trucks
[00:09:53] was already on its way to Óvár, and we met the last
[00:09:56] vehicle. Rumor has it that the Győr
[00:10:00] AVH did not use their weapons only because the commander
[00:10:03] of the Soviet troops who had retreated into the Szentiván forest
[00:10:06] refused all assistance when they called.
[00:10:10] At home, I turned on the radio. "The Győr station
[00:10:13] was broadcasting cheerful gypsy music."
[00:10:17] I immediately called the editorial office and protested
[00:10:20] that after the Mosonmagyaróvár tragedy, they were playing
[00:10:23] not mourning music, but comfort
[00:10:26] music.
[00:10:29] October 27,
[00:10:30] Saturday.
[00:10:33] Since I didn't have to go to work due to the general strike,
[00:10:37] I started my day in front of the town hall again this morning.
[00:10:40] Here I met Kalifa and others.
[00:10:44] Most people are dissatisfied with the composition of the national
[00:10:48] council, considering it too left-wing. This
[00:10:51] opinion was expressed, with the approval of the people, by Ireneus
[00:10:55] Galamb, a Benedictine teacher, who was not yet here
[00:10:59] during my student years, but
[00:11:01] later came to the Győr
[00:11:04] gymnasium. The national council promises to hold accountable
[00:11:07] those responsible for the order to fire on Thursday.
[00:11:11] The young people gathered in front of the town hall demand
[00:11:14] weapons and trucks to go to Budapest
[00:11:16] and fight.
[00:11:19] Attila Szigeti urged them to be sensible, which
[00:11:22] only further reduced the considered
[00:11:27] sentiment. To appease the dissatisfaction, Attila
[00:11:31] Szigeti ordered the organization of the National Guard,
[00:11:35] and entrusted this task to police major Ferenc
[00:11:37] Éliás. The people are also
[00:11:40] dissatisfied with the conduct of the military,
[00:11:44] demanding that the Hungarian army.