N1BOS — broadcast
20260806 113000 UTC
334 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
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Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record.

[00:00:04] day, more than a third of
[00:00:12] We've all been there,
[00:00:14] sector. It's one of impatiently waiting as a computer struggles to keep up, and AI
[00:00:18] applications have taken demands for computing power to a whole new
[00:00:22] level. Last year, Europe's fastest supercomputer
[00:00:25] went online in Germany. It can perform more than a
[00:00:29] quintillion calculations every second. Yet that's
[00:00:32] not even leading the pack. China's latest model is thought to
[00:00:36] be twice as quick, and future computers could soon grow faster
[00:00:40] than ever before as they tap into the power of the quantum
[00:00:44] world.
[00:00:48] How that works and what it means
[00:01:00] university David Nadligan actually just wanted to
[00:01:03] show us where the quantum computer sits among all the lasers
[00:01:07] and optical setups. But now the
[00:01:09] whole system has been thrown out of
[00:01:12] whack. Precision is in the micrometer
[00:01:16] range, and something has shifted slightly. The optical
[00:01:19] fiber has a diameter of just few micrometers, and we try to map
[00:01:23] this atom exactly onto the fiber. So you're
[00:01:27] trying to aim exactly.
[00:01:30] This is a single atom, very little light. The
[00:01:33] image forms somewhere here in the middle, but we have
[00:01:37] almost no way to make it
[00:01:38] brighter.
[00:01:44] The basement labs at the elite university may look pretty
[00:01:48] cluttered, but they could be the birthplace of a key breakthrough in
[00:01:51] quantum computing
[00:01:52] performance.
[00:02:00] In an era, our understanding was used to build lasers and
[00:02:03] transistors, all this modern technology. Now we're
[00:02:07] using those tools to manipulate individual atoms, to
[00:02:10] get them to store information. Is the atom in one state or
[00:02:13] another? Is it a zero or a one, or both at the same
[00:02:16] time?
[00:02:19] Both at once. That's the special part when everything is
[00:02:23] possible at the same
[00:02:25] time.
[00:02:28] To solve a maze, for example, a quantum computer could
[00:02:31] calculate all the possible paths at once rather
[00:02:35] than trying one after another like a conventional
[00:02:38] computer, and that makes a huge difference with
[00:02:42] every additional bit of information. Here the
[00:02:45] atom's computing power doubles, grows
[00:02:47] exponentially, and that's the
[00:02:49] quantum property, the color of promise of quantum physics to provide access to this
[00:02:52] computational
[00:02:56] capacity. Exponential.
[00:04:30] The quantum world, we can use
[00:04:33] new techniques which are not susceptible to being broken
[00:04:37] by a quantum computer. So quantum communication gives
[00:04:40] us one of one way to do that. The thing
[00:04:44] is that in the world of quantum physics, simply observing
[00:04:48] particles changes them. That principle
[00:04:51] is now being used in practice. In London,
[00:04:54] a quantum secure network is being tested for the
[00:04:58] first time. In it, companies exchange secure
[00:05:01] keys via quantum encryption, though range and
[00:05:05] data rates remain limited.
[00:05:08] Andrew demonstrates the system. Instead of sending
[00:05:11] simple pulses of light through optical fibers, they
[00:05:15] carry individual photons that are set to a particular
[00:05:18] quantum state. If
[00:05:21] an eavesdropper tries to eavesdrop on the encoded
[00:05:24] single photons en route, that act actually changes their
[00:05:28] encoding, and the change in the encoding can be sensed by the
[00:05:32] system as errors in the shared bit
[00:05:35] sequence. When an error rate
[00:05:38] rises, the receiver detects eavesdropping and stops
[00:05:42] transmission. Observation changes
[00:05:46] the information. That aspect is unique to the
[00:05:50] quantum world. It's as though a book were not really a
[00:05:54] book, independent of us and unchanging,
[00:05:58] but instead was altered by the act of reading
[00:06:01] it.
[00:06:03] Quantum encryption is coming, but so are quantum
[00:06:07] computers. The race is on. Back in
[00:06:10] Oxford, the system is up and running again. It could
[00:06:14] become the turbo motor at the heart of a future large-
[00:06:17] scale quantum computer.
[00:06:19] Experiments with lasers and mirrors bundle light and
[00:06:23] send it to the machine's
[00:06:24] core.
[00:06:27] That's a simple microchip holding a single strontium
[00:06:31] atom which reaches a state of excitement when struck by the
[00:06:34] laser. The atom
[00:06:37] emits
[00:06:40] protons, and we can see them.
[00:07:23] It's perhaps the strangest phenomenon in quantum physics, one that can be illustrated with
[00:07:25] socks.
[00:07:28] Imagine it like this: two people represent the
[00:07:32] atoms in our quantum computers. Their
[00:07:35] socks are the light photons for exchanging
[00:07:38] information. The color of those socks represents
[00:07:42] a quantum property, their
[00:07:44] polarization. Who is wearing which
[00:07:48] color doesn't matter. At least
[00:07:51] until at the quantum level, David and Andrew become
[00:07:54] entangled. That means the two are no longer independent, but
[00:07:58] form a single system. The
[00:08:02] the socks is now inseparably linked. And
[00:08:05] now, as crazy as it sounds, David and Andrew can
[00:08:08] move as far apart as they want, yet remain entangled.
[00:08:12] But as soon as an atom is measured, the sock colors are
[00:08:16] determined again, at exactly the same moment, and always
[00:08:19] in opposition to one another. So even from the other
[00:08:22] side of the world, Andrew would know that if his sock is green, then
[00:08:26] David's is
[00:08:27] red.
[00:08:31] Does this really happen?
[00:08:34] David has written a program to prove that his two quantum
[00:08:38] computers really are entangled.
[00:10:25] cats, or rather the millions of images of them
[00:10:28] found online. In an age of AI, can you tell
[00:10:31] which cats are real and which are fake? A new technology
[00:10:35] could help us spot the
[00:10:37] difference.
[00:10:41] This is a real photo of a real cat, and
[00:10:45] this is an image created by AI. Without human
[00:10:49] help, how can we tell which is real and which is
[00:10:52] fake?
[00:10:55] That question is being explored at the Swiss Federal Institute of
[00:10:58] Technology in Basel. There,
[00:11:01] researchers have developed a chip that records a picture's
[00:11:04] authenticity at the moment it's taken.
[00:11:08] Felix Franka worked on the
[00:11:09] project.
[00:11:12] The chip is a sensor. It could, for instance, be part of a camera
[00:11:15] sensor that captures light and directly within the sensor
[00:11:19] a watermark is generated that later guarantees we'll be able to verify the
[00:11:22] image is real, not artificial.
[00:11:26] Here's how the technology works: every time the
[00:11:29] camera takes a photo, a special chip inside the sensor
[00:11:33] creates an invisible stamp, a kind of certificate of
[00:11:37] authenticity.
[00:11:40] With this, you can determine whether an image truly comes from, say, a smartphone
[00:11:44] camera or another physical sensor, and not from an artificial
[00:11:47] source. The chip is still a
[00:11:51] prototype, but the technology could eventually be built into
[00:12:25] smartphones. At Zurich-based Pixel Vision, deep fake detection
[00:12:28] is already in
[00:12:29] use.
[00:12:33] The company develops identity verification systems for
[00:12:37] customers like banks or telecoms
[00:12:39] firms. Their systems have to be able to
[00:12:42] distinguish real images from fake ones, because fraud
[00:12:46] has grown common in identity checks involving portrait
[00:12:50] photos.
[00:12:55] These people don't actually exist. They're
[00:12:58] 100% artificially generated
[00:13:00] images. Some look unnatural, but others are
[00:13:04] already so good that it's hard to tell whether or not they're
[00:13:07] real. Together with the
[00:13:11] Swiss-based research institute, Pixel
[00:13:15] Vision developed an AI that can detect manipulated
[00:13:18] images. This
[00:13:21] software
[00:14:30] works for now, but because criminals are constantly developing
[00:14:34] new ways to create deep fakes, the software has to be
[00:14:37] continuously retrained. That's the
[00:14:40] only way to ensure it'll be able to keep identifying
[00:14:43] manipulated images in the
[00:14:45] future.
[00:14:49] It sounds a little crazy. We keep
[00:14:52] developing AI systems to detect the increasingly convincing
[00:14:55] fakes created by other AI systems. But
[00:14:59] those systems can do so much more, and in the future,
[00:15:03] in combination with robotics, AI could save
[00:15:07] lives. In fact, AI-powered robot
[00:15:10] dogs are already helping us identify
[00:15:13] dangers before they become
[00:15:15] threats.
[00:15:19] Robots are growing more and more agile in today's
[00:15:22] workplaces, especially in dangerous environments. They're
[00:15:25] increasingly able to support humans by taking on
[00:15:29] tasks that require more independence.
[00:15:32] Researchers and track's development in the world of
[00:15:36] robots.
[00:16:39] The robot dog can search for puddles in places where there shouldn't
[00:16:42] be any, and also carry a range of devices to distant
[00:16:46] destinations. Even long staircases don't
[00:16:49] keep it from bringing its sensors exactly where they're
[00:16:52] needed. And with rapid advances in software,
[00:16:56] robots like these are also increasingly
[00:16:59] savvy.
[00:17:01] What's exciting here is that many
[00:17:03] people know CH.
[00:18:07] that they decided to invest about 200,000 to
[00:18:11] give the robot a permanent home in Kiel. For
[00:18:15] now it just raises alerts when something goes
[00:18:18] wrong. It still doesn't act autonomously.
[00:18:21] Researchers at Kiel University are
[00:18:25] pushing the envelope more. They want to deploy robots
[00:18:28] for autonomous tasks like firefighting to reduce
[00:18:32] potential risk to human
[00:18:33] life. Especially for this...
[00:20:22] Now back to quantum computers. With their
[00:20:25] extraordinary power and characteristics, they could one
[00:20:28] day break encryption methods that are currently considered
[00:20:31] unbreakable. What can we do to protect ourselves
[00:20:35] from this kind of quantum digital
[00:20:40] attack? Here, more than anywhere else, money is king.
[00:20:43] Canary Wharf in London's financial district, an estimated
[00:20:47] $3.8 trillion in foreign exchange trades
[00:20:51] are processed here every
[00:20:54] the total volume
[00:20:56] globally.
[00:20:59] The rapid development of quantum computing has shaken the
[00:21:04] the biggest risks we've ever seen in terms of threat to
[00:21:07] cryptography. Europe's largest bank has
[00:21:11] 220,000 employees and rakes in
[00:21:14] 25 billion dollars in profit
[00:21:16] annually.
[00:21:19] A lot of systems that protect customer data and
[00:21:23] payments, um, and that keep it secure, and
[00:21:26] it is the bedrock of security in the financial services system,
[00:21:30] and that is at risk from emerging quantum computing
[00:21:33] capability. A lot of money could be stolen, a lot of money can be
[00:21:37] stolen, a lot of disruption could be had. It will
[00:21:40] undermine the very foundation of trust in the
[00:21:44] financial services system. And if a quantum computer
[00:21:47] is used to break cryptography, it could result in
[00:21:51] catastrophic loss of confidence, not just in banks, but in the financial
[00:21:54] system as a whole. Hackers in countries like China and Russia
[00:21:58] attack data networks worldwide. At the same
[00:22:02] time, the Chinese government invests more than any other in quantum
[00:22:05] computing. Secure encryption has become a geopolitical
[00:22:09] necessity. Banks are top targets for cyber
[00:22:11] criminals, and other areas that
[00:22:15] are going to be under particular kind of threat is
[00:22:19] national security, and government type of, uh, data,
[00:22:22] um, health and energy and infrastructure. So it's a
[00:22:26] pan-industry problem. Germany's
[00:22:29] Bundesbank, for example, assumes more than 5,000 cyber
[00:22:32] attacks occur per minute. Firewalls,
[00:22:35] antivirus programs, and autonomous defense software
[00:22:38] can help, but you can't fully monitor the entire network all
[00:22:42] the time. Bank data, digital
[00:22:46] signatures, medical information, genetic data, without secure
[00:22:50] networks, modern life harbors big risks. The
[00:22:54] ability to encrypt data securely is vital.
[00:22:57] Current encryption methods are based on math problems that are
[00:23:01] easy to solve in one direction, but practically impossible in the
[00:23:05] other. Take what's called prime factorization.
[00:23:09] With small numbers, it's simple: 15 is the
[00:23:12] product of 3 * 5. So
[00:23:15] the next 77 is the product of 7 *
[00:23:19] 11.
[00:23:22] But the larger the product, the more difficult it is to find the
[00:23:26] prime factors that produced it. So already
[00:23:30] you can see that it's quite easy to go from these two numbers,
[00:23:33] multiply these two numbers, and get uh the large number, but really
[00:23:37] quite difficult to go back um in reverse.
[00:23:41] And uh now I have - one more uh
[00:23:44] integer which I'd like to show you in bold, and maybe you
[00:23:47] can you can factorize this and it's
[00:23:50] its prime factors for me, what do you think? Would you like to hazard a
[00:23:54] guess? How many digits was that? So
[00:23:57] this is actually a 637-
[00:24:01] digit digital decimal number, I should say, which
[00:24:04] corresponds to 2048
[00:24:07] uh binary digits. And this is the basis of the
[00:24:10] RSA that we use today. And in
[00:24:14] fact, it's been calculated that it would take the world's largest
[00:24:17] supercomputer, El Capitan,
[00:24:20] something like 100 million years to find the prime
[00:24:24] factors of this number. If we had a quantum computer, on the other hand,
[00:24:28] with um 4,000 logical qubits, it could
[00:24:31] solve the same problem in minutes or in
[00:24:34] hours. That's the threat quantum
[00:24:38] computers pose to current security systems.
[00:24:42] Change is
[00:24:43] coming.
[00:24:48] So when will it happen?
[00:25:50] The power to
[00:25:51] disrupt.
[00:27:16] Pointing out the facts and revealing what lies behind political and social
[00:27:20] events is our daily task.
[00:27:23] Always current, but without sensation and lies, we choose topics
[00:27:27] important for the lives of citizens throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina.
[00:27:31] Only verified and timely news and stories have a
[00:27:34] place in the N1 daily. I am Marijana
[00:27:37] Kršo, you are watching
[00:27:38] N1.
[00:27:45] Aspirin Protect (100 mg) is recommended for people with
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[00:27:59] Consult a doctor or pharmacist. Bayer.
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[00:28:25] know? Well, she's wearing a golden circle t-shirt and
[00:28:29] honestly, it suits her and looks good. And this is
[00:28:32] Afan. He is also part of the golden circle and the
[00:28:36] t-shirt looks really good on him. This is
[00:28:39] Mirela, you guessed it, she will also run the golden
[00:28:43] circle. Our Hana is wearing a golden
[00:28:46] circle t-shirt. Hi Hana. And
[00:28:49] this is Armin. Oh, one would say he's already ready for
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[00:29:37] Aspirin Protect 100 mg is recommended for people with
[00:29:40] high and very high risk of cardiovascular diseases, to
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[00:29:48] use, read the leaflet about the medicine for information on indications, precautions, side effects of the medicine.
[00:29:51] Consult a doctor or pharmacist.
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[00:30:18] Good day, dear viewers, events
[00:30:20] of the day.
[00:30:24] Miners from Zenica spent their second night in protest in the Raspotočje
[00:30:28] pit.
[00:30:31] Several fires recorded in HNK, firefighters still in
[00:30:35] the field near
[00:30:36] Konjic.
[00:30:39] The Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina has officially applied for
[00:30:42] accession to the SEPA
[00:30:44] area.
[00:30:49] 18 miners from the Zenica Coal Mine spent their second
[00:30:52] night in the Raspotočje pit, where they decided
[00:30:56] to stay in protest due to delayed salaries.