N1BOS — broadcast
20260810 073000 UTC
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[00:00:00] "if he's been here for some time, ask the locals
[00:00:03] what it was, that is one recommendation, ask the locals, two
[00:00:07] more, two more, so don't get into
[00:00:11] risky situations, if you're not sure, it's simple, I mean,
[00:00:14] just assess yourself and your surroundings, that's right, that's right, and
[00:00:17] third, avoid alcohol, avoid
[00:00:20] alcohol, so our goal is not to tell
[00:00:24] people to avoid nature and swimming, but simply to
[00:00:28] remind them of a few very simple..." rules that can save
[00:00:32] a life if you actually get into that situation,
[00:00:35] Senad, thank you very much for these recommendations and I hope for as much swimming
[00:00:39] and enjoyment as possible, and as little work and suffering as possible, thank
[00:00:42] you very much, stay with us, a short break, then we'll return to the topics,
[00:00:57] we'll still talk about temperatures while the whole...
[00:01:00] Mediterranean is literally boiling at temperatures above 40 degrees,
[00:01:04] and a summer vacation on the beach for many becomes a fight for a little shade. In
[00:01:07] the world, a completely new tourist hit is being created. It is about
[00:01:11] coolcation, i.e., a summer escape from unbearable heat
[00:01:14] to colder regions. There,
[00:01:17] forget about roasting in the sun, the hit of the season has become
[00:01:21] light jackets, raincoats in a comfortable 15
[00:01:24] degrees Celsius backpack, from Gorski Kotar to
[00:01:27] the far Scandinavian north. We explored
[00:01:30] why thick shade has become a new tourist plus, more in
[00:01:33] Nataša
[00:01:34] Vidaković's report:
[00:01:38] instead of beaches and summer heat, this year's vacation for Anja and Tena
[00:01:42] will be a pleasant 19° in warm
[00:01:45] windbreakers. These two teenagers, instead of traditional
[00:01:48] sunbathing on the Adriatic, convinced their parents to make a complete
[00:01:52] turnaround, a family vacation in the colder north of Europe. On
[00:01:56] their journey, they reported to us from Gothenburg, Sweden.
[00:02:00] This year we decided to replace swimsuits with raincoats and
[00:02:03] hiking boots, mm, and the main reason for that was that we have
[00:02:06] friends in Bergen, Norway, so we decided to visit Berlin,
[00:02:09] Copenhagen, Gothenburg and
[00:02:13] Oslo along the way. The main reason we decided to go on such a trip
[00:02:16] was because we wanted to experience a slightly different summer vacation for
[00:02:20] a change from a vacation on the Adriatic. The traditional
[00:02:23] image of a perfect summer is slowly melting. The so-called Coolcation
[00:02:27] is a combination of everything opposite, a vacation in colder
[00:02:30] regions, this trend is noticed in travel
[00:02:33] agencies, destinations that were once reserved for
[00:02:37] spring, are now an absolute summer hit, we have the most
[00:02:40] inquiries for Norway, Finland,
[00:02:43] Sweden, we have our Baltic program which includes
[00:02:46] Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia,
[00:02:49] for example, that departure for the Baltic in the seventh and eighth months
[00:02:52] is completely sold out. And Iceland is also very popular this year. And
[00:02:56] prices? Well, the Baltic, for example, is an eight-day trip, and
[00:03:00] about 1150 euros per person, Iceland is a little
[00:03:04] more expensive, it is 10590 euros per
[00:03:07] person. Famous local adventurer and travel
[00:03:11] blogger Kristijan Iličić achieved a historical feat
[00:03:14] by traveling to all 197 internationally
[00:03:17] recognized countries in the world. With this achievement, he became the first Croat
[00:03:21] in history to visit all seven continents. He highlights
[00:03:25] Antarctica as one of his favorite trips, but still
[00:03:28] for Croats looking for a break from the heat, he recommends Iceland. In my opinion,
[00:03:31] Iceland is literally like one big national park, in a relatively
[00:03:34] small area you have volcanoes, glaciers,
[00:03:38] geysers, hundreds of waterfalls, black sandy
[00:03:41] beaches and landscapes that look like they are on another
[00:03:45] planet. It is a destination where every day you experience something
[00:03:48] new and I believe that precisely such trips will be the future
[00:03:52] for many who want to escape extreme summer temperatures.
[00:03:55] Relief from the city heat local tourists sought on
[00:03:59] Zagreb's Sljeme. There, the thermometer in the shade rose to
[00:04:02] 37°C.
[00:04:12] and you want to go to a cold place and is it hot for you here in Zagreb?
[00:04:15] yes right now very yeah
[00:04:19] global warming i think yeah and uh will you
[00:04:22] seek something like that as well yeah we went
[00:04:26] in Finland 2 years ago but was not
[00:04:32] it was always a trend to go to the sea, to the sea, to the sea, where it's hotter,
[00:04:36] hotter and it's warmer, rather in the mountains, it's easier to
[00:04:39] breathe and behave easier, do you think this could
[00:04:43] become some new trend for annual vacations? it can, it can, of course,
[00:04:46] it can, people just have to accept it as what they have
[00:04:50] here, let's go to the sea once a month a year and so on,
[00:04:54] that, that's what it was, but I think that will change
[00:04:57] with the new generation that this. It is not just a passing fad
[00:05:01] of social networks, science also confirms. Climate change has begun
[00:05:05] to fundamentally change the tourist map of Europe. Tourism will adapt
[00:05:08] and is already adapting, of course, our destinations already
[00:05:12] think about it a lot, this is, of course, shown by our
[00:05:15] research, so guests are increasingly active,
[00:05:19] increasingly attach importance to ecology,
[00:05:21] to quality food, to the preservation
[00:05:25] of the destination, to all those natural beauties that we have, which are
[00:05:29] truly a magnet for the guests who come to us. Therefore, for
[00:05:33] the perfect climate escape, you do not necessarily have to buy an expensive
[00:05:36] plane ticket to Scandinavia or Iceland. Croatia has its
[00:05:40] own hidden gem that is experiencing a true renaissance during
[00:05:43] heatwaves, Gorski Kotar. Guests are offered
[00:05:47] year-round tourism there, from skiing and sledding for children
[00:05:50] in winter, while in summer tourists seek hiking,
[00:05:54] mountaineering, cycling, swimming in lakes
[00:05:58] or swimming in
[00:06:01] rivers during the summer months. As much as Gorski Kotar first
[00:06:05] brings to mind winter and deep snow, tourism
[00:06:08] figures show that 60% of tourist traffic
[00:06:11] for years has been realized in the three
[00:06:14] summer months, in June, July and August. Winter jackets
[00:06:18] instead of swimsuits, mountain trails instead
[00:06:21] of shallows, climate change dramatically changes our planet,
[00:06:25] but also the very definition of an ideal vacation. Relief and
[00:06:29] refreshment are definitely increasingly sought in completely
[00:06:32] different geographical latitudes. Nataša
[00:06:35] Vidaković, N1,
[00:06:37] Zagreb.
[00:06:46] We'll be back soon with current topics and guests, a friend
[00:06:50] of the show, General Hospital, Medikana
[00:06:52] Sarajevo.
[00:06:55] Aspirin protect 100 mg is recommended for people with
[00:06:59] high and very high risk of cardiovascular diseases to
[00:07:02] reduce the risk of acute heart and brain stroke. Before
[00:07:06] use, carefully read the drug leaflet for information on indications, precautions, side effects of the drug,
[00:07:09] consult a doctor or pharmacist. Bayer.
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[00:07:53] Telemach. Aspirin Protect 100 mg is recommended
[00:07:56] for people with high and very high risk of
[00:07:59] cardiovascular diseases, to reduce the risk of acute
[00:08:03] heart and brain stroke. Before use, carefully read the drug leaflet for information on
[00:08:06] indications, precautions, side effects of the drug, consult a doctor or pharmacist.
[00:08:10] Bayer.
[00:08:13] We return to the show Novi Dan, friend of the show
[00:08:17] General Hospital Medikana Sarajevo.
[00:08:31] 9 o'clock 38 minutes, we continue with a new
[00:08:34] day, we are talking about the stomach virus
[00:08:37] which is current in Bosnia and Herzegovina, children in
[00:08:40] kindergartens, adults. More and more people are complaining about multi-day
[00:08:44] diarrhea, vomiting, fever, stomach
[00:08:47] cramps, pronounced exhaustion, is it a seasonal
[00:08:51] intestinal virus, food poisoning or a combination of several factors
[00:08:55] m, in the continuation, we will try to explain
[00:08:58] and answer these questions, infectologist Alma Seitarja
[00:09:01] Memišević speaks for a new day, good morning to you and welcome
[00:09:05] to a new day, good morning, thank you for the invitation, the fact that you are
[00:09:09] on duty speaks volumes about the kind of doctors we have, so how much have you worked,
[00:09:12] or continuously, well practically a little more than 24 hours,
[00:09:16] yesterday at 8 o'clock in the morning I started working, but not only me, all
[00:09:19] colleagues, all colleagues in the clinical center who were on duty that week, right?
[00:09:23] Thank you for that and thank you also for the fact that you found
[00:09:27] time for everything besides that to come to a new day and
[00:09:31] speak to our viewers
[00:09:33] about valuable recommendations that should be known these
[00:09:37] past few days, it seems to me that there is no one in the closer
[00:09:40] or wider environment who has not... had a stomach virus in recent
[00:09:44] days, it can last five or six
[00:09:47] days, it is accompanied by an elevated temperature, not
[00:09:50] too high, but elevated, just enough to make you feel maximally exhausted,
[00:09:54] diarrhea, vomiting, and other
[00:09:57] symptoms, is this something that is characteristic of this
[00:10:00] time of year and how to make a distinction
[00:10:03] between a virus and poisoning, which doctors often weigh between
[00:10:07] the two, you see uh, absolutely,
[00:10:10] it is seasonal, meaning that in this period we always have an increased number
[00:10:14] of patients precisely with these digestive problems, which we can basically
[00:10:18] divide, and I usually like to explain it to patients as stomach flu, which is
[00:10:22] a stomach virus or stomach flu
[00:10:25] caused by viruses, meaning
[00:10:29] bacterial intestinal diseases that we get
[00:10:32] from food, and what
[00:10:36] is different from the latter, which is practically not caused by pathogens but
[00:10:39] by toxins, is food poisoning, so maybe from this third one
[00:10:42] we should start with the shortest, food poisoning is the least harmful,
[00:10:46] right? It's when our food sits on the table for too long, and
[00:10:50] then those toxins develop, which are practically thermostable,
[00:10:54] so by reheating food,
[00:10:57] we only make it worse.
[00:11:00] Symptoms will start quite quickly, primarily with
[00:11:03] vomiting, we can have watery stools, but patients
[00:11:07] don't necessarily have symptoms, they usually last short,
[00:11:10] but we have to understand that all these digestive symptoms are quite
[00:11:14] severe, you know, patients usually, when they come to us for
[00:11:18] an examination, say, doctor, I'm dying, you understand,
[00:11:21] but these are not such serious illnesses, although they can be extremely
[00:11:25] exhausting, for example, food poisoning will stop
[00:11:28] quickly, meaning the patient will essentially vomit out what is not
[00:11:32] good, those toxins, or eliminate them with stool, it will
[00:11:35] last a few hours and practically within 24 hours, those
[00:11:39] symptoms will stop, and we don't have any serious
[00:11:42] consequences there. When can
[00:11:45] serious consequences occur, with what kind of poisoning, what is the most dangerous?
[00:11:49] The most dangerous is poisoning with bacteria, meaning fecal-oral
[00:11:52] transmission when someone is a carrier
[00:11:56] or contaminates the food we eat, or when the food is
[00:11:59] insufficiently heat-treated, meaning a carrier of,
[00:12:03] for example, and most commonly salmonella, which we have all heard of,
[00:12:06] meaning we will say that these are chickens, and everything related to
[00:12:10] them that is not sufficiently heat-treated, meaning from meat to
[00:12:14] eggs can be a source of salmonella,
[00:12:17] you know, and in fish, how can I say, it would have to be contaminated, it
[00:12:21] itself does not carry salmonella in it, the most important
[00:12:24] thing for us is chicken, hen, egg, everything that is
[00:12:28] related, for example, we had a case where the same
[00:12:30] family ate the same cooked chicken, but for example, one
[00:12:34] part of a drumstick was not cooked well, unlike the white
[00:12:37] meat, and for example, one part of the family, one or
[00:12:40] two family members got salmonella, others did not, what was extremely
[00:12:44] interesting to me was that we had a pretty difficult case
[00:12:47] of one daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, so to speak,
[00:12:50] the mother-in-law made fried cauliflower, you understand, now how cauliflower
[00:12:53] somehow inside it has its own, you know, I mean, the appearance
[00:12:57] of the cauliflower itself, so the egg from frying gets inside, it probably didn't
[00:13:01] cook well, he and she both had salmonella, one ended up on
[00:13:04] hemodialysis, temporarily, meaning not permanently, not for life,
[00:13:08] but kidneys can really suffer from salmonella, in essence, we should
[00:13:12] be most careful of that in these
[00:13:15] summer days, what does that mean, we should always
[00:13:18] eat well-cooked food, no matter what we are talking
[00:13:22] about, these are living organisms, whether it's a virus
[00:13:25] or bacteria, I'm talking generally now, whether it's some zoonoses
[00:13:29] and so on, whatever food can give us an infection,
[00:13:32] whatever we cook sufficiently thermally,
[00:13:36] there is no danger that we would get it, even if
[00:13:40] it is, for example, some animal infected with bird
[00:13:43] flu or salmonella or something else, when should we seek
[00:13:47] help when we already see that it is not a harmless,
[00:13:50] so to speak, poisoning, but that we are more for
[00:13:54] infectious diseases. Here, I will return, I will return to that, and it
[00:13:57] all depends on the cause, of course, it all depends on the individual, you see,
[00:14:01] we haven't even touched on the virus yet, which is our topic
[00:14:04] today, unlike bacterial intestinal infections,
[00:14:07] viruses, that's why I say stomach flu, they are transmitted by airborne droplets,
[00:14:11] so it has nothing to do with food, you understand, so for example, usually if one family
[00:14:15] member has a stomach virus, for example, the most common is one
[00:14:19] of the more severe clinical pictures, which is rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus, it's not that important
[00:14:23] now, there are so many of these
[00:14:25] viruses that can be diagnosed, so the incubation period
[00:14:28] is very short, even just 12 hours to
[00:14:32] a few days, so they develop those symptoms very quickly, which are
[00:14:35] quite severe, especially if the child is younger, for example, it goes as
[00:14:39] you said, so elevated temperature, diarrhea, vomiting,
[00:14:43] somehow
[00:14:46] we should implement, I would, I would like to take this opportunity
[00:14:50] today to remind you of the zero level of health
[00:14:53] care, mm, and... That is the level of home
[00:14:56] health care, you know, so we really need to, we should all
[00:15:00] know, at least in the beginning,
[00:15:03] what to do with these digestive symptoms, that
[00:15:07] means a dietary regimen, that's an intestinal
[00:15:10] antiseptic, we all know about those yellow tablets,
[00:15:14] definitely probiotics and fluid intake, meaning rosehip
[00:15:18] tea, thyme tea that can be slightly sweetened
[00:15:21] in small amounts, but constantly. We often hear
[00:15:25] from patients that it's better to drink a whole cup of tea and then vomit, it's not better,
[00:15:29] you know, we have to drink a little, but
[00:15:32] constantly, if we, of course, take this symptomatic supportive
[00:15:36] therapy, we know that there are many of those electrolytes, but that oral
[00:15:39] intake must be in small amounts. When an adult
[00:15:43] or a small child vomits, you should stop
[00:15:46] intake for 15-20 minutes, then start again. Sometimes people,
[00:15:50] patients think that an infusion is some kind of, how can I say,
[00:15:54] miraculous remedy, it is only a volume replacement,
[00:15:58] you understand, when the patient is dehydrated. I
[00:16:01] often say, it's just diluted salt and practically diluted
[00:16:04] sugar and some that has a little more minerals in it, that's it, that
[00:16:08] infusion is nothing strange, but of course it helps the patient if he comes to
[00:16:12] a dehydrated state, when should you see a doctor? You should
[00:16:15] see a doctor if you feel signs of dehydration and really if that
[00:16:19] oral intake, meaning oral intake is minimal and if it is not
[00:16:23] tolerated at all, we must point out that the younger
[00:16:26] patients are and the older patients are, they
[00:16:30] are more at risk, you know, for example, patients in the geriatric
[00:16:33] group, those who are over 75,
[00:16:36] 80, who are really weak organisms, so to speak,
[00:16:40] we need to keep
[00:16:43] an eye out and as soon as we notice signs of dehydration,
[00:16:46] seek medical help, that will be extreme
[00:16:50] adynamia, the patient will be extremely weak, exhausted, it will be
[00:16:54] an extremely white, dry tongue, it will be, for example,
[00:16:57] acetone breath,
[00:17:00] for example, even the skin, the elasticity of the skin, for example, when you slightly
[00:17:04] squeeze it as if you want to pinch someone, but it doesn't return
[00:17:07] that quickly in a dehydrated patient, it stays in that
[00:17:11] part for a while, of course, you shouldn't wait for those extreme signs of
[00:17:15] dehydration, but if we see, for example, that a child is small, three years old, and we
[00:17:18] can't give him anything by mouth all day, then we should
[00:17:22] definitely seek medical help, when at least that acid-base
[00:17:26] status would be done, check the degree of eventual
[00:17:29] dehydration, rehydrate the child, but anyway,
[00:17:32] even when that is done, adequate
[00:17:36] home treatment is still very important, I would really emphasize
[00:17:40] that, because it is very important to continue with
[00:17:43] adequate home treatment, so that no dietary mistake is made
[00:17:46] in the following days, for example, patients,
[00:17:50] maybe even us, I mean, it doesn't matter now, very often, you know,
[00:17:54] they feel hungry, they are hungry after three or four days, and then they want
[00:17:57] something concrete to eat, then they, for example,
[00:18:01] eat some meat meal, a fatty meal or something, and by doing so, they only
[00:18:04] worsen the condition, we must understand that it is
[00:18:07] the lining of our entire digestive tract, and why is that fluid
[00:18:11] intake in small amounts, but constantly,
[00:18:14] yes, we must understand that our stomach lining is all inflamed,
[00:18:18] if we now somehow send a whole cup of
[00:18:21] tea at once, it will normally react, not only that cup of tea but even
[00:18:25] more, because from that inflammation the secretion of fluid is even greater
[00:18:28] generally, and so we generally lose water, which is
[00:18:32] essentially the biggest problem, especially when it comes to small children, especially
[00:18:35] those who, for example, cannot cooperate so well, and really,
[00:18:39] stomach viruses are quite difficult for children, you know,
[00:18:43] a child has a fever, and by doing so, loses fluid because
[00:18:46] the surface area of the skin in children is larger than in adults, meaning with
[00:18:49] that sweating and that
[00:18:52] proportionally, of course, I am talking, with that sweating the child loses
[00:18:56] in fever, loses in vomiting, loses in diarrhea, and
[00:19:00] really small children can very quickly reach that moment of
[00:19:04] dehydration, so if a child continuously vomits for several
[00:19:07] hours and cannot tolerate oral intake,
[00:19:11] then there is no need to delay too much, you should seek pediatric help.
[00:19:15] You mentioned that a little earlier, I would like to go back to that,
[00:19:18] transmission, that is, uh, how long
[00:19:21] does the incubation period of the virus last, in which cases
[00:19:24] and how can it be transmitted, considering, well, practically,
[00:19:27] so by excreting fluid from your
[00:19:31] body, in any way, so we very often
[00:19:34] usurp the entire bathroom, the entire space. What can
[00:19:38] actually
[00:19:46] cause considerable damage? Well, with
[00:19:49] stomach viruses, it's the same as
[00:19:52] for example, this seasonal flu,
[00:19:55] respiratory infection, so you can't really prevent anything in terms of transmission
[00:19:58] in close household contacts, because, as I told
[00:20:02] you, it is primarily transmitted by airborne droplets,
[00:20:05] and the incubation period, the period from
[00:20:09] acquiring the virus to the development of symptoms can be very short, even
[00:20:12] 12 hours in general, some three to four days, what
[00:20:16] we can and should mention, and believe me,
[00:20:20] even at the best medical symposia to this day, it is discussed, is hand
[00:20:23] washing, you know, so hand washing is still very, very
[00:20:27] important, both in outpatient and inpatient settings,
[00:20:31] because these viruses remain on surfaces for a while, so
[00:20:34] uh, we can do that. We should emphasize
[00:20:38] hand washing. Second, what is much more serious, is
[00:20:41] practically that nutrition for bacterial intestinal
[00:20:45] infections, cook everything well, do not consume
[00:20:49] salads and other things. For example, what I would recommend
[00:20:52] during the summer is not to consume any sandwiches with
[00:20:55] mayonnaise in large quantities, for example, especially
[00:20:58] fast food or something, because we all know that it is prepared in large quantities
[00:21:02] during these high temperatures, if one egg, that is, mayonnaise, is contaminated,
[00:21:06] salmonella can multiply very quickly, so a very small amount
[00:21:09] of mayonnaise is enough to cause a problem.
[00:21:13] Of course, we need to store food properly, you know, we can't leave
[00:21:17] food on the table for two hours in this heat. What about
[00:21:21] watermelon? Very often, for example,
[00:21:24] from personal experience, doctors say, it's
[00:21:28] probably watermelon, everyone who comes, it's because of watermelon, then
[00:21:31] you say, well, I ate watermelon and the closest family
[00:21:35] member, nothing happened to him or her, but it happened to me, so how
[00:21:38] dangerous is watermelon, especially what you are talking about, keeping it on
[00:21:42] the table, like any other food, you understand, if you cut
[00:21:46] watermelon and it sits on the table for three hours, and then someone takes
[00:21:50] it later, it's very possible for those toxins to form, as we agreed, watermelon itself will not have salmonella, unless
[00:21:53] someone contaminates it, you understand, because when someone gets salmonella, they can
[00:21:57] excrete it in their stool for a very long time,
[00:22:01] that's why it's very important that those who
[00:22:05] work in kitchens must have clean coprocultures,
[00:22:08] so they cannot be carriers or germ carriers
[00:22:12] of salmonella, because if they don't have adequate hygiene, they can
[00:22:15] contaminate all that food, as I told you, salmonella is transmitted
[00:22:19] fecal-orally, of course from the source, these are
[00:22:22] most often, as I told you, chicken products or eggs from
[00:22:26] chickens, yes, washing fruit is mandatory, so it is clear that it is
[00:22:29] mandatory, but in what way do you feel that you
[00:22:33] have today, I mean, we don't need all these digestive, all these
[00:22:36] digestive, uh, diseases, so to speak, diseases of the digestive
[00:22:40] tract, uh, as they are common, let's
[00:22:43] say, and one should not create a big fuss about it,
[00:22:47] the most difficult case is that, namely dehydration. We
[00:22:50] practically had one patient with some
[00:22:53] lifelong complication, the most difficult complication is that, namely
[00:22:56] hemodialysis when the patient's kidneys, due to salmonella,
[00:23:00] that's right, salmonella can get complicated, we would somehow
[00:23:04] highlight it as one of the most common and most serious, that's why we should, as I told you,
[00:23:07] and here also hand washing these preventive measures I mentioned,
[00:23:11] meaning always eat well- cooked food, if we eat somewhere in a
[00:23:15] fast food place, at least don't take mayonnaise, just eat
[00:23:18] freshly prepared sandwiches and
[00:23:22] so on, as for washing fruit, as for the pathogens themselves, it is quite enough
[00:23:26] to wash it well under running water, but here we can always, I mean, touch upon
[00:23:30] those pesticides, if it's not homegrown somewhere in the market, then
[00:23:33] it is always recommended to soak the fruit in water
[00:23:36] with baking soda and then wash it thoroughly under running
[00:23:40] water, that is quite enough, believe me, we will remove as much as we can,
[00:23:44] what is important, for example, for fruit with, although that's more in the
[00:23:47] winter period, fruit with thick skin like lemon, orange, there we need
[00:23:51] to be aware that those pesticides penetrate very deeply, so
[00:23:54] I would not recommend, if we don't know for sure that it is a homegrown product that
[00:23:58] has not been sprayed, using lemon peel and orange peel, for example.
[00:24:02] in some sweets or some other, we for some other purposes,
[00:24:06] because no matter how much we soak it, we cannot really remove
[00:24:09] these pesticides from such peels, so elevated
[00:24:13] temperature, that is also a symptom that
[00:24:16] exhausts, many complain about body aches.
[00:24:20] they say this is like some kind of corona, people self-diagnose.
[00:24:23] I told you, I usually call it stomach flu, it's stomach enteritis
[00:24:27] or stomach bug that really comes with this triad, meaning elevated temperature and
[00:24:31] it can even go for a day or two with this
[00:24:34] catarrhal syndrome, you know the child starts to sniffle a bit, has a slight
[00:24:37] fever like a cold then practically develops
[00:24:40] diarrhea and vomiting, we also have such courses, all these
[00:24:44] viral, viral agents give a clinical
[00:24:47] picture of a febrile, meaning gastro. enteritis
[00:24:50] or diarrhea and vomiting accompanied by fever, and
[00:24:54] also these bacterial ones, well it's not really that we'll have salmonella, these are very
[00:24:58] rare cases where it is not
[00:25:00] accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, then you know the first day
[00:25:04] there is vomiting, then on, then followed by a large number of stools, then
[00:25:07] the patient stops vomiting and continues this large number of green
[00:25:11] very foul-smelling, not infrequently bloody stools in salmonella with
[00:25:15] elevated temperature, it can
[00:25:17] be a serious infection in one part. that the patient can be
[00:25:21] septic, meaning when that salmonella penetrates the blood,
[00:25:24] but then we, of course, I mean, we monitor them in the hospital
[00:25:27] and prescribe antibiotics only in those cases if
[00:25:31] necessary, it is very important to draw attention, for example,
[00:25:35] when we have salmonella in the stool, well, let's say it sometimes
[00:25:38] happens during sanitary inspections that someone is a carrier and has
[00:25:42] no symptoms at all, so you will get some antibiogram there, some sensitivity to
[00:25:46] some three antibiotics, never are intestinal infections
[00:25:50] treated with antibiotics, these are only rare cases of septic
[00:25:53] patients where treatment is practically intrahospital, nor is
[00:25:56] carrier status treated with antibiotics, that is a big mistake
[00:26:00] and I would somehow appeal to colleagues.
[00:26:03] and to our viewers, why? Because
[00:26:06] precisely that microbiome in our intestines is extremely important
[00:26:10] to defeat that salmonella as
[00:26:13] a pathogen, to create that positive balance for us so that
[00:26:17] it practically heals naturally, why is antibiotic not given? Antibiotic is
[00:26:20] not given because antibiotic is never so selective, it will not only
[00:26:24] go for salmonella, it will practically destroy a large part of our
[00:26:28] microbiome in the intestines and thereby will only
[00:26:31] prolong. the carrier status with salmonella, if that carrier status
[00:26:34] lasted for example three weeks after the patient recovers, we always give a recommendation
[00:26:38] that after three to four weeks control stool cultures be done,
[00:26:42] especially if it's someone who is involved in the kitchen,
[00:26:46] works in some collective accommodation or similar, we wouldn't really be able to allow
[00:26:50] a patient who is a carrier to work, these are some preventive
[00:26:53] epidemiological measures, this if it is treated
[00:26:57] with an antibiotic, because not every salmonella will end up in the clinic, of course, meaning
[00:27:00] only the more severe clinical cases will.
[00:27:03] It's very important not to take antibiotics, meaning because that will
[00:27:07] disturb our microbiome, nor is it indicated for these
[00:27:10] intestinal digestive infections, now more and more often we talk about the microbiome,
[00:27:14] more and more often we talk about digestion as
[00:27:17] a brain, and when we were arranging this
[00:27:20] guest appearance, I drew a parallel, now I don't know how correct it is or not, but it is often said
[00:27:24] that everything is between two ears in the sense
[00:27:27] of two brains, that's right, then
[00:27:30] we know that the brain gets.
[00:27:33] from our body, actually, among other things, from our
[00:27:36] digestion, now who is the main one here actually, where do
[00:27:39] things play out, why is that
[00:27:42] microbiome stable, orderly,
[00:27:45] so important for all other functions in our
[00:27:49] body, so you see, there is a project that researched the microbiome,
[00:27:52] so that's the Human Microbiome Project, so it
[00:27:56] started in 2007, finished in
[00:28:00] 2019, if my memory serves
[00:28:03] me correctly, just that tells you how many years it took, how long that
[00:28:06] project lasted just to characterize and research the human
[00:28:10] microbiome, and the human microbiome includes all
[00:28:13] our bacteria, fungi, viruses that are in our
[00:28:17] body, on the skin, and the most important are on the skin, on the
[00:28:20] mucous membranes, and the most important are certainly
[00:28:23] in our intestines, especially the large intestine, so somewhere someone
[00:28:26] tried to come to a conclusion, I was always interested
[00:28:30] in how many of these bacteria there are, I mean not a billion, but somehow how we could
[00:28:34] measure up to one or two kilograms of these bacteria, if we know how small
[00:28:38] that one tiny bacterium is, it's a microscopic organism, this
[00:28:41] imagine how many we have and it is extremely important, there are
[00:28:45] now entire, so practically almost specializations
[00:28:48] and people are narrowly focused on the
[00:28:51] microbiome because its benefits
[00:28:54] are manifold, mm, so it is our source of immunity, various
[00:28:58] vitamins are synthesized there, some other essential
[00:29:01] substances that our body practically cannot synthesize
[00:29:04] in any other way, that as you said, one brain, another
[00:29:08] brain, now I recently even read that
[00:29:12] just, just the health of the microbiome can affect some
[00:29:15] psychiatric illnesses, for example the development of depression and other things, because if it's in
[00:29:18] imbalance, then we are inherently nervous, because that part of the
[00:29:22] intestines is responsible for the autonomic nervous system, meaning
[00:29:25] it's a nervous system that we have no influence over, in that
[00:29:29] context it is practically said to you that the intestines are a brain unto
[00:29:32] themselves and practically send signals to our brain up there, I
[00:29:36] this mm and
[00:29:38] one means we should dedicate an entire show just to talk
[00:29:42] about the microbiome, the very imbalance of the microbiome in an
[00:29:45] infectious sense means it has various consequences in
[00:29:48] terms of the development of some clostridium, severe infectious, meaning
[00:29:52] digestive diseases and so on, but it is said that it is the basis of our
[00:29:55] immunity, what I would also like to take this opportunity today
[00:29:59] to say is a really great...
[00:30:02] a great need to prescribe antibiotics
[00:30:05] rationally, so tell me and I want to ask you this, besides
[00:30:09] the fact that rational prescribing of antibiotics
[00:30:12] is important, please guide us a little on the difference between probiotics and
[00:30:16] prebiotics, until recently we
[00:30:19] needed to drink probiotics, especially if we travel, we encounter some
[00:30:23] environment that our intestinal flora is not used to, and
[00:30:26] now they say if you don't drink prebiotics, then
[00:30:30] probiotics actually mm...
[00:30:34] are not worth it, actually prebiotics are food for probiotics, that is for those
[00:30:37] good bacteria that we actually feed those
[00:30:40] probiotic species, so by taking probiotics we create good
[00:30:43] bacteria, and with prebiotics we feed and maintain them,
[00:30:46] it's something like that I want
[00:30:49] to tell you that we, for example, didn't have any probiotics before,
[00:30:53] you understand, now it's an entire as I would say, this
[00:30:56] plethora of probiotics in the pharmaceutical line.