N1BOS — broadcast
20260812 033000 UTC
396 transcript segments
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[00:00:01] These deposits are
[00:00:03] of of concentrated in Central Germany. Potassium is an essential
[00:00:07] nutrient for plants. That's why potash salts are used around
[00:00:11] the world to make fertilizers. Potache
[00:00:15] of salts dissolve in the soil, releasing potassium that helps
[00:00:19] plants use water efficiently, and also resist
[00:00:22] drought, frost, and
[00:00:24] of disease, and that in turn increases the quantity and
[00:00:28] quality
[00:00:29] of the harvest.
[00:00:32] of
[00:00:33] but potash mining also has a downside: only
[00:00:37] part
[00:00:38] of the ore is used, while huge quantities remain as solid and
[00:00:41] liquid residues. Over the
[00:00:45] decades, huge waste heaps have built up as some mining
[00:00:48] sites. The KNS
[00:00:52] mining company, for example,
[00:00:54] a extracts up to 40 million tons of potassium rich ore year
[00:00:57] after. that
[00:01:00] becomes just 9.5 million tons of marketable
[00:01:04] products. most
[00:01:05] of the mined material ends up as waste. at
[00:01:09] just one site in central Germany, hundreds of millions of tons of
[00:01:13] residue are stored in towering heaps with official
[00:01:16] approval. rain washes salt from those
[00:01:20] of heaps, creating waste water that's discharged into the verra
[00:01:24] river. liquid processing residues also end up
[00:01:27] there. Salt is raw
[00:01:30] material essential to much of modern life. It helps
[00:01:34] power our world and reshape it. The
[00:01:38] question is, at what
[00:01:39] cost?
[00:01:46] This river has a problem, and you can measure
[00:01:49] it. Biologist
[00:01:53] in Andre Bush and his colleagues are searching for life and
[00:01:55] neva. For
[00:01:59] decades. environmental authorities have been tracking salt levels
[00:02:02] of here and what they're doing to the plants and animals that depend on this
[00:02:06] river. Under the EU water framework
[00:02:10] directive,
[00:02:11] of rivers are graded a five-point scale. Here at Galstungen, the Vera
[00:02:15] is
[00:02:15] in currently rated as being in poor environmental
[00:02:17] condition. One
[00:02:21] of the biggest reasons is
[00:02:23] a salt. For decades, potash mining has discharged sailing water into the
[00:02:27] river. The result is salt levels.
[00:02:33] of
[00:03:00] Their abundance is another clear sign
[00:03:02] of the river's high salt
[00:03:04] content. By now,
[00:03:07] things should be different. Under EU rules, rivers and lakes
[00:03:11] are supposed to be in good condition by
[00:03:13] 2027. That's essential for clean
[00:03:17] drinking water and healthy
[00:03:18] ecosystems.
[00:03:26] Further upstream, which isn't affected by the ceiling discharges.
[00:03:36] a
[00:03:39] of
[00:03:53] of
[00:04:00] Charges are set to continue. The KNS mining company has
[00:04:04] long faced criticism over the pollution, but says it's working to
[00:04:07] reduce its environmental
[00:04:09] impact. One major project
[00:04:13] is a more environmentally friendly processing system, designed
[00:04:16] to eliminate liquid production waste.
[00:04:20] KNS declined our request for an
[00:04:23] a interview,
[00:04:23] in a written statement, the company said, "When
[00:04:27] disposing of
[00:04:28] of solid residues, we are..." also continuously minimizing our
[00:04:32] environmental impact and using state
[00:04:34] of the art
[00:04:35] technology.
[00:04:40] the company's main solution is covering the waste heaps. layers
[00:04:44] of plastic liner, soil and vegetation are designed to keep
[00:04:47] rainwater out, preventing salt from entering the
[00:04:50] river. but critics question whether
[00:04:53] it will work in the long
[00:04:54] run. reducing the
[00:04:58] river salt pollution is: technically difficult and
[00:05:01] expensive, and the company says the problem can't be eliminated
[00:05:05] completely. The authorities have repeatedly renewed the
[00:05:09] discharge permits, although with progressively tighter limits.
[00:05:14] Salt levels in the Vera have fallen, but the river still
[00:05:18] has a long way to
[00:05:19] go.
[00:05:24] Salt can also have healing properties. Salt
[00:05:27] Brine has been used in spas for
[00:05:29] centuries.
[00:05:33] Now it's helping to grow sea lettuce, bringing a taste the
[00:05:37] sea closer to home.
[00:05:41] Forget garden lettuce. sea lettuce could be the food the
[00:05:44] future and it's now being grown beneath the spa in
[00:05:48] badaro in eastern. this
[00:05:51] is edible lettuce, our ulva compressa, originally collected near the
[00:05:55] island of helloland. we collected it there in
[00:05:58] 2019, isolated it, and over the years developed cultivars that
[00:06:02] are now thriving here in the
[00:06:03] brine.
[00:06:07] has spent 20 years researching alg. for the past three she's been
[00:06:11] growing sea lettuce in the...
[00:06:43] Alg are incredibly versatile, not just in cooking, but in all kinds of
[00:06:46] different fields. They have something to offer for almost every
[00:06:50] application from food supplements to cosmetics. In
[00:06:54] other words, alg have real commercial promise, and perhaps even
[00:06:58] more.
[00:07:08] Is showing participants just how tasty they can be.
[00:07:12] could
[00:08:17] be
[00:08:22] on the menu, what
[00:08:25] are stars made of? how many colors can butterflies
[00:08:29] see? could robots have babies one
[00:08:32] day? do you have science question? then
[00:08:36] send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we
[00:08:40] answer it in the show, then we'll send you a little gift as a thank you,
[00:08:44] so just
[00:08:45] ask.
[00:08:49] alg is often called the super food the future.
[00:08:53] it also contains iodine, a trace element our thyroid gland
[00:08:57] needs to function, but in Germany and many other countries,
[00:09:01] millions of people still don't get enough iodine and here too, salt
[00:09:05] can be part the
[00:09:06] solution.
[00:09:10] around one and three people in Germany.
[00:09:12] to may not be getting enough iodine, often without realizing
[00:09:15] it. experts have been warning about the problem for
[00:09:20] doctor who's years,
[00:09:21] campaigning
[00:09:22] is improve cump iodine intake in Germany.
[00:09:26] the situation has worsened because of lower iodi salt
[00:09:29] consumption. the main problem is the food industry, which still
[00:09:32] relies mostly on ordinary salt. as result, we're getting less
[00:09:36] iod einfach weniger jod in der
[00:09:38] Nahrung. the
[00:09:42] WHO criteria for iodine
[00:09:45] deficiency, both west and east Germany
[00:09:49] began using iodiz salt much more widely in the
[00:09:51] 1980s, but then scientists already understood how
[00:09:55] important iodine is for health. iodine is a
[00:09:59] trace element we need to get from food.
[00:10:03] the thyroid gland uses it to produce the hormones t3 and
[00:10:07] t4, which act on almost every cell in the
[00:10:10] body.
[00:10:16] These hormones help regulate the cardiovascular system and blood
[00:10:19] pressure and support cell growth and development.
[00:10:23] That's why they're important. for healthy bones and for the development
[00:10:27] the brain and nervous system. they also help
[00:10:31] regulate metabolism, which influences body weight. too
[00:10:35] little iodine over time can lead to health problems.
[00:10:39] radiologist Malva Abel often sees thyroid nodules in her
[00:10:42] patients. long-term iodine deficiency can be one factor in
[00:10:46] their development. thyroid can
[00:10:50] enlarge and that may contribute to nodules developing over
[00:10:54] time.
[00:11:25] thyroid can no longer produce enough hormones, symptoms may include
[00:11:28] feeling cold, dry skin, hair
[00:11:32] loss, weight gain as well as low mood and problems
[00:11:36] with memory and concentration. Over the long term,
[00:11:39] iodine deficiency can cause what's known as a
[00:11:42] guider. For adults, the WHO recommends a
[00:11:46] daily intake of 150
[00:11:48] micrograms. 5 grams of
[00:11:52] iodized salt provides roughly 100 microgram.
[00:12:25] Much of it comes from processed foods, such as
[00:12:29] bread, cold cuts and cheese, and seasoning
[00:12:31] mixes. But manufacturers usually use ordinary
[00:12:35] salt rather than iodized salt. Cost is one
[00:12:39] reason, so we may be eating plenty of salt, but still
[00:12:43] not getting enough iodine. Nutrition specialist Constanza Losa
[00:12:46] says cooking more meals from scratch can help.
[00:12:50] Cook at home and eat mainly fresh, minimally processed foods rather than fast
[00:12:54] food.
[00:13:25] very little iodine a diet based mainly on fresh unprocessed
[00:13:28] foods provides about 120 micrograms of iodine
[00:13:32] a day. fish and seaweed are naturally rich sources
[00:13:36] of iodine, but in Germany most people don't eat them
[00:13:40] regularly. milk, dairy products and eggs
[00:13:43] also provide small amounts, partly because iodine is added to animal
[00:13:47] feed. fruit and vegetables
[00:13:51] generally contain very little. in much of Germany, the soil
[00:14:55] such as reading comprehension, some studies have also
[00:14:59] found slightly lower IQ scores. That's why adequate
[00:15:03] iodine is important for the developing brain.
[00:15:06] And for many people iodized salt
[00:15:10] is still the simplest way to get more
[00:15:12] iodine.
[00:15:51] Take a guess, which these pictures is of a real
[00:15:54] person, it's this one, and this one
[00:15:58] is a virtual model. As image generation improves, more
[00:16:02] AI content is flooding the internet. Why that matters?
[00:16:06] Now, on shift.
[00:16:11] Breaking news stories, reporters in conflict zones. These
[00:16:15] videos may look convincing, but they're all fake. Content like
[00:16:18] this is spreading and it's getting harder and harder to separate fact
[00:16:22] from fiction. We're seeing an unprecedented military
[00:16:26] convoy right here in central London. People who don't
[00:16:30] exist, reporting on events that never happened. Fake videos
[00:16:34] like these are created using generative AI and
[00:16:37] technology behind them is getting better all the time. there
[00:16:41] have been a real breakthrough in what is called text to video,
[00:16:45] where you type a prompt of what you want the video of, and not
[00:16:49] only does it create a video of that, but also an audio
[00:16:53] stream that's consistent with it. and essentially all you
[00:16:57] need is access to the internet. solid choice. a 14-year-old can
[00:17:01] make this. there's no there's no barriered entry for creation,
[00:17:04] distribution and amplification. remember: result can be
[00:17:08] bizarre photo realistic videos like
[00:17:10] these,
[00:17:14] just kidding, i'm not real, but other fakes aren't
[00:17:18] as obvious, on the ground reporters were once symbols of
[00:17:22] credibility, but fakes are undermining
[00:17:24] that, i think it's a serious problem, and it's not
[00:17:28] understand that people, yes they're creating fake news anchors, but what they're also
[00:17:32] doing is taking real news anchors and modifying
[00:17:36] those videos in their voice. so when you see them you're oh, i know that
[00:17:39] person. warnings that clips are AI generated, are often
[00:17:42] missing or tucked away, but be sure to look out for the
[00:17:46] watermark and clips generated by the AI
[00:17:48] tool, and teeth the look a little too
[00:17:52] smooth or errors in the text. in this video,
[00:17:55] hq is misspelled and this Arabic text here makes
[00:17:59] no sense at all. closer look reveals a
[00:18:02] lot. when you look at content on this
[00:18:06] device right here, "It's really hard to see anything. It's a really small
[00:18:10] screen, you're moving fast. This is not a place to be trying to
[00:18:13] discern what is real and what is fake. It's a dangerous trend.
[00:18:17] Real news content could get lost in all the noise, and in questioning
[00:18:21] what's real versus fake, we could lose trust in genuine photo and
[00:18:25] video evidence. This has become a huge topic in the world of models and
[00:18:29] influencers too. This influencer will recommend
[00:18:33] products without having tested them, and she can't,
[00:18:36] because I..." Aitana Lopez isn't even real. Created by the
[00:18:40] agency the clueless in Barcelona, Itana looks like any
[00:18:44] other influencer, a concert, on vacation, or even
[00:18:48] going for coffee. So we asked her, why should anyone trust her as a
[00:18:52] brand ambassador when she's not even
[00:18:53] human? What just means an
[00:18:57] ambassador? Easy, I have no eagle, I don't
[00:19:01] lie and I'm never late. I'm pure aesthetics with
[00:19:05] commitment. Even if I don't have. I have
[00:19:08] personality and that shows in every collaboration,
[00:19:12] humanity isn't requirement for honesty.
[00:19:16] Itana's agency decides which collaboration she takes on
[00:19:19] and
[00:19:20] the deals generate about €15,000 a month. Companies
[00:19:24] are increasingly enlisting the help of virtual models to promote their
[00:19:27] products. Studies show that virtual influencers are
[00:19:31] more successful in explaining technical aspects of a product like
[00:19:35] headphones for example.
[00:19:57] workers rights and privacy
[00:19:59] are concerns
[00:20:04] taken matters the like
[00:20:06] out equation, they
[00:20:06] can work around
[00:20:07] the clock and
[00:20:37] virtual model sparked controversy when it appeared in vogue
[00:20:41] magazine. critics accused the London agency Sarafine
[00:20:44] Valora of promoting unrealistic beauty standards with its AI
[00:20:48] models and and taking away jobs from people
[00:20:52] in the advertising
[00:20:52] industry. We are not
[00:20:56] trying to replace anything, but we're really trying to give a real
[00:21:00] solution, because in classic photography you
[00:21:04] might be able to afford you to limitations maybe two campaigns a
[00:21:08] year, but with AI things can be faster, more
[00:21:11] flexible, we can provide content around the year.
[00:21:15] More content, more cheaply, but hopefully real people
[00:21:19] still offer. a certain authenticity that AI just can't
[00:21:22] match. most virtual models are designed
[00:21:26] to look flawless. this virtual model with stretch marks is
[00:21:30] more the exception to the rule. although AI could be used to celebrate
[00:21:34] a diverse range of body types and people, oftentimes it's
[00:21:38] used for just the opposite. the founders of AI marketing agency,
[00:21:42] sarafine valora, said that models who reflect mainstream beauty
[00:21:45] standards get the most engagement. so does that put pressure on us
[00:21:49] to? attain something that's unattainable, smooth
[00:21:53] skin, flawless curves, perfectly tone
[00:21:56] muscles. not many people in the real world actually look like
[00:22:00] this: AI generated bodies typically align with very
[00:22:04] stereotypical beauty standards. when you ask for a person in generative
[00:22:08] AI, across the nine models I've tested, none them will show a
[00:22:11] disabled or fat body unprompted, which is effectively
[00:22:15] erasing people who are slightly different from our collective
[00:22:19] imaginaries, you don't ask for a specific body
[00:22:22] size, you get kind of model sample size
[00:22:26] clothing person coming out, and with
[00:22:30] only seeing a certain type of body, it means
[00:22:34] everything else is is marginalized and is made less
[00:22:37] desirable. Aisha Sobi is a researcher at the
[00:22:41] University of Cambridge who looks at power dynamics and digital
[00:22:44] technologies. For one study she tested the limits of AI image
[00:22:48] models, she... prompts to generate people with larger bodies,
[00:22:52] most the results were pretty
[00:22:54] absurd. there's
[00:22:58] a real sadness to like to me what comes out these
[00:23:01] images, image models when you ask for people that are
[00:23:05] a larger body, there's a real kind
[00:23:07] of like the tone um like the colors, the the
[00:23:11] facial expressions, the body shapes, the clothes that they're in
[00:23:15] all become a lot less polished and lot less
[00:23:18] nice. and
[00:23:20] and and sad, they they they appear kind of
[00:23:22] sad a lot the time, and I think that's it reflects the kind of
[00:23:26] data that's going in and it reflects how we as society view people in bigger
[00:23:30] bodies. Asking generative AI to create
[00:23:34] people with larger bodies mainly results in men with bare
[00:23:37] chests, often with very unrealistic body
[00:23:40] shapes. Women on the other hand are
[00:23:43] often shown an extremely sexualized way. This
[00:23:47] reflects the data sets used to train AI. models which often
[00:23:51] contain pornographic images, the number of porn websites
[00:23:55] distorts how the AI perceives women, this applies to the
[00:23:58] representation of body shapes too, the fact that many people aren't
[00:24:02] represented by AI at all can have negative
[00:24:05] effects, when we have this
[00:24:08] ideal type of person that isn't aligned with who we
[00:24:12] are and who and what we are, this can cause kind of like
[00:24:16] unhappiness, people feeling negative about themselves.
[00:24:20] and I think we've been seeing a real rise in body image issues, um, disordered
[00:24:24] eating, eating disorders, and this isn't just generative
[00:24:27] AI's fault, but it's it's adding to this burden. Being
[00:24:31] inundated with the seemingly perfect lives of some influencers
[00:24:35] is challenging enough, but imagine discovering an AI generated
[00:24:39] version of yourself online, created without your
[00:24:42] consent, a deep fake, your face put onto someone
[00:24:46] else's body with the help of AI. The victims are mostly women,
[00:24:50] the videos are often pornographic, northern irish politician kara hunter
[00:24:54] knows what that feels like: deep fakes are life ruining,
[00:24:57] career ruining, relationship ruining, um, and you know they're
[00:25:01] impacting our democracy a rising rate, it's a very scary
[00:25:05] time. the northern irish politician kara hunter was
[00:25:09] a family party when she discovered a pornographic deep fake of
[00:25:13] herself. i just
[00:25:17] remember i felt like a hot rush of heat sort of go... through my body just
[00:25:21] of complete
[00:25:22] you know fear and anxiety of what was to come next um and I don't think
[00:25:26] I ever could have really anticipated i suppose what the next three weeks of my
[00:25:29] life um would have looked like the deep fake experience for me
[00:25:33] was I had messages from England from Scotland from
[00:25:36] America I was stopped on the street and asked for sexual fevor from a
[00:25:40] stranger strange man I never met um and that shows you the
[00:25:44] extent of how online harms become real life
[00:25:47] harms what kara hunter experience? is not an
[00:25:50] isolated case, pornographic deep fakes are a global
[00:25:54] issue and they mainly target women. a research group in the US
[00:25:58] found over 35,000 instances of deep-fake pornography.
[00:26:02] depicting 26 members of U.S. Congress, almost all them
[00:26:06] women.
[00:26:11] In the United Kingdom, investigation found digitally altered images
[00:26:14] of more than 30 MPs. Italian prime minister
[00:26:18] Georgia Malone is also frequently targeted in deep-fake porn videos,
[00:26:22] prompting her to file a lawsuit. In Pakistan too, deep fakes are
[00:26:26] used to try to discredit female
[00:26:27] politicians, and it's not just
[00:26:31] individuals who are... soffering the consequences. I think defects are
[00:26:35] dangerous for democracy because they impact truth
[00:26:38] itself, they blur um, fact and fiction, and it's
[00:26:42] a lie presented as a truth, and I think our democracy is
[00:26:46] built on truth and built on trust, and myself as a political representative
[00:26:50] in Northern Ireland, it takes years to build up that sense of trust with my
[00:26:54] community, with my constituents, and with click of a button, a deep
[00:26:58] f can completely wipe away everything that you've worked so hard
[00:27:01] for. and as this technology develops, so does the threat it
[00:27:05] poses to democracy? in just few clicks anyone can create
[00:27:09] and distribute deep fakes online. to this day, kara
[00:27:13] Hunter still doesn't know who's responsible for what happened to
[00:27:16] her, and what I would like to
[00:27:19] see is the creation of an AI ecosystem of support
[00:27:23] for victims, that means
[00:27:25] you know mental health counseling support, I'd like to see the tech giants, the tech
[00:27:29] company, social media giants stepping in and providing some... support and
[00:27:33] guidance and help lines to women like myself, but particularly for
[00:27:37] those who do not have a platform like me to protest their innocence and
[00:27:40] to save their reputation. in Denmark, lawmakers want to give
[00:27:44] every person copyright over their own body, including their voice,
[00:27:48] the goal to make it easier to demand the removal of deep fakes.
[00:27:52] Meanwhile, in Albania, the government is embracing AI a whole new
[00:27:56] way. Dalla started out as a virtual assistant, but now
[00:28:00] has visual form. She's been symbolic. appointed as minister to
[00:28:04] oversee public procurement, the hope is to clamp down on
[00:28:07] corruption, but how would this work in practice? we'll be watching to see
[00:28:11] how this develops. that's it from me, see you next
[00:28:14] time.
[00:30:25] Dobar dan, poštovani gledaoci, dobrodošli u
[00:30:27] dnevnik,
[00:30:31] traje potraga za... preživjelima nakon zemljotresa u
[00:30:34] Kolumbiji, više od 220 ljudi izgubilo
[00:30:37] život.
[00:30:42] Do kraja emisije između ostalog,
[00:30:43] gledajte.
[00:30:48] Zenički rudari napustili Jamu Raspotočje, kažu da neće
[00:30:52] dugo čekati na realizaciju datih
[00:30:54] obećanja.
[00:30:58] Stari poznati političari.