N1BOS — broadcast
20260813 210000 UTC
378 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (https://www.gdeltproject.org/), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive.
Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record.

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[00:02:17] From building with wood to recycling concrete,
[00:02:21] the construction industry is looking for ways to reduce its massive carbon
[00:02:24] footprint, but
[00:02:26] it's...
[00:02:30] early days for change in the
[00:02:31] sector,
[00:02:36] one new sustainable approach and much more coming up tomorrow
[00:02:40] today.
[00:02:45] could this soil be the answer to the construction sector's dirty little
[00:02:48] secret? we have to really speed up things
[00:02:52] and we have to drastically transform the way that we handle
[00:02:56] and consume resources at all levels.
[00:03:00] 'every week a truckload of soil lands in an old aircraft hanger in Berlin.
[00:03:04] It looks just like regular dirt because it is, but
[00:03:08] squashed into blocks, it becomes something potentially
[00:03:10] revolutionary, compared to traditional clay bricks making the soil
[00:03:14] blocks emits 97% less carbon dioxide.
[00:03:18] A revolution is needed because in environmental terms the
[00:03:21] construction industry is filthy. The building sector is the world's biggest
[00:03:25] polluter, according to the UN, between 2024 and
[00:03:30] but on 2020'. five it accounted for 34% of total global
[00:03:34] doing it everywhere and regardless of CO2 emissions. Over the same time period, that's more than the automotive and aviation
[00:03:37] sectors combined. One reason is the way traditional building
[00:03:41] materials are made. To make them strong enough to use, clay bricks are
[00:03:45] baked in furnaces that hit temperatures exceeding 1,00° celsius
[00:03:49] and they have to spend several days in the oven. Those
[00:03:52] kilns are typically powered by fossil fuels and release massive amounts of
[00:03:56] soit and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
[00:04:00] It's very cheaply and very fastly built, with no intention of
[00:04:04] lasting longer than 40 to 50 years, which is
[00:04:07] insane.
[00:04:11] As soon as they're no longer wanted, buildings often raised to the
[00:04:14] ground, and lot of that debr just sends up in
[00:04:17] Landfill.
[00:04:21] Christian Gater Earthbound hopes his blocks can change
[00:04:24] this. The soil for them is taken from excavation was a
[00:04:28] construction site on the... skirts
[00:04:31] quarters in Gustenhouf hope for a of Berlin. Germany's federal environment agency reports demolition and construction waste like
[00:04:35] this comprises the country's biggest waste stream, but this earth has a different
[00:04:39] destiny. We were very interested in this sort
[00:04:43] of devalue chain of excavation material being moved from the
[00:04:46] construction side and then just deposited in land filled as
[00:04:50] waste. So we thought there was great potential in actually using this
[00:04:53] resource. After reaching Christian site, the soil
[00:04:57] is first dried and broken up, then mixed with a... tiny bit of
[00:05:00] water and
[00:05:01] compressed.
[00:05:05] there's two things that really come together here, one is that the production
[00:05:09] process doesn't use any other chemical. this, which on
[00:05:13] the one hand means that it's very, very low in terms of co2 emissions,
[00:05:17] and on the other hand, it also means that there are no toxic gases or any
[00:05:21] toxic substances released in the process when a building is constructed from
[00:05:25] the material. the eco bricks compete with our traditional
[00:05:28] counterparts in terms of their ability to bear loads and can support
[00:05:32] building of up to 17 meters tall, four or five stories
[00:05:35] high. each brick can withstand roughly 29 metric tons
[00:05:39] of pressure before breaking. that's roughly the weight of 15
[00:05:43] cars. The blocks can be laid with mortar and plaster, also
[00:05:47] made from earth. Rooms in houses made from them are cooler and more
[00:05:50] humid. I really hope that we can sort of take on the
[00:05:54] conventional maisonry um construction sector and substitute a
[00:05:57] significant share of what nowadays built with carbon
[00:06:01] intensive and also materials that are not recyclable at the end of the
[00:06:05] life cycle with the earth box that we are producing, which are
[00:06:08] 100% made from waste materials uh very low in terms.
[00:06:12] of co2 emissions during the production, and at the end of the life
[00:06:16] cycle, most importantly, we can recycle them to new earth building
[00:06:19] products without any loss of value or without having to add any new
[00:06:23] materials.
[00:06:26] This is Seni Yemson, a researcher at the Natural Building Lab at Berlin's
[00:06:30] Technical University. She helped design Germany's first building to
[00:06:34] use recycled wood in load bearing capacity, but
[00:06:38] using reclaim materials is only part of the
[00:06:40] picture.
[00:06:42] is always needing, you always extract new materials, you always
[00:06:46] invest more energy, we invest
[00:06:50] um resources and and you also cause emissions and that's something i think we have
[00:06:53] to we have to keep them back our heads that even the most
[00:06:57] sustainable construction
[00:07:00] um is still causing all these things and
[00:07:04] the actual most sustainable kind of construction it's not constructing at
[00:07:07] all this project will be a minerals museum for her
[00:07:10] university she hope the use of secondh wood will spare property
[00:07:14] developers to follow
[00:07:15] suit.
[00:07:19] i think what is also good about circular economy is that it's
[00:07:22] it's it's supporting also maybe the development of business
[00:07:25] models that are focusing more on refurbishment and more on
[00:07:29] transformation instead of new construction and demolition
[00:07:33] so this may be also then an opportunity to
[00:07:36] drive um industries and and econom
[00:07:39] economies into more sustainable.
[00:07:42] direction: preventing demolition, repurposing
[00:07:46] buildings and using eco-friendly materials are hallmarks of circular
[00:07:50] construction.
[00:07:52] at scale, the practices could help sustainably house the
[00:07:56] 2.5 billion more people, the UN says will live in
[00:07:59] urban areas by
[00:08:01] 2050.
[00:08:04] but what about air quality in those cities? there are
[00:08:08] different ways to improve it, one of them surprisingly simple:
[00:08:16] Ja Chen from the Technical University of Munich and her
[00:08:19] colleague Lie Jun Way are in one of the city's
[00:08:22] parks. Over the course of several months, they've been
[00:08:26] taking measurements here and elsewhere in Munich to verify their
[00:08:30] calculations. They showed that urban green
[00:08:33] spaces can absorb surprisingly large
[00:08:36] amoun. Wir haben heraus gefunden, dass die
[00:08:40] ständischeration.
[00:09:12] activity in grass, in other words, how much CO2
[00:09:16] it absorbs. At the same time, they look at how much of the
[00:09:20] greenhouse gas is released back into the atmosphere
[00:09:23] through soil respiration.
[00:09:26] Their findings show that over the course of year, lawns
[00:09:30] are actually a net source of CO2, contributing
[00:09:33] more emissions than they remove. Trees
[00:09:36] are more effective carbon stores, while shrubs and
[00:09:40] bushes can also offset at least part.
[00:10:12] in cities, especially more trees, because they
[00:10:16] also offer other benefits beyond carbon
[00:10:19] storage.
[00:10:37] and they have positive psychological effects. my children are always
[00:10:40] happier
[00:10:45] when they're outside in green spaces. her recommendation, city planners should pay more
[00:10:48] attention to urban greenery. it improves
[00:10:51] the quality of life for residents and als
[00:10:55] improve a city's carbon
[00:10:56] balance.
[00:11:01] Barcelona showed it can work.
[00:11:04] Paris, Vienna,
[00:11:06] London and Gent in Belgium followed
[00:11:09] suit. Now it's the German City of Nurenburg's turn to
[00:11:13] experiment with Super blocks. When standard
[00:11:16] city blocks are grouped into zones that emphasize car-free public
[00:11:20] spaces.
[00:11:22] A jungle gym going up a play.
[00:12:55] traffic within a neighborhood, especially through traffic.
[00:12:59] At the same time, it creates more space for active
[00:13:02] mobility, such as walking and cycling, while often
[00:13:06] making them nicer places to spend
[00:13:08] time.
[00:13:10] Improving the quality of public spaces, making it more
[00:13:14] comfortable for people to spend time on their
[00:13:17] streets. That's why additional seating is being
[00:13:20] installed with 59 parking
[00:13:22] spaces having been removed for.
[00:14:32] Gent car ownership declined over several
[00:14:35] years from 1.2 cars per household to
[00:14:39] roughly one car per household. These are
[00:14:42] effects that emerge when people rethink their habits in the medium
[00:14:45] to long term and then decide they may not actually need a car
[00:14:49] anymore because they use other means of
[00:14:51] transport.
[00:14:56] similar success story: they organized
[00:14:59] association and raised over 700 through
[00:15:03] crowdfunding a flood of volunteers
[00:15:06] followed.
[00:15:08] incredible number of people suddenly wanted to get involved
[00:15:12] because they realized they could create something tangible with their
[00:15:16] own efforts, something that wouldn't just disappear into
[00:15:19] a filing cabinet somewhere, but something solid
[00:15:23] and real for themselves and
[00:15:37] Eigentlich ist ein Superblock nichts anders als ein
[00:15:40] Balkon.
[00:15:44] The idea is that people spend time outdoors, but how
[00:15:48] often are people actually out on their balconies, maybe six months
[00:15:51] a year after that it grows too
[00:15:54] cold.
[00:16:01] He wants representation for every interest group in the
[00:16:05] neighborhood.
[00:16:09] We need to look at what different social groups make up
[00:16:12] society here and perhaps set up around
[00:16:15] table, one where families, seniors,
[00:16:18] singles and people with or without an immigrant background
[00:16:22] are all represented. We should first ask how the
[00:16:26] idea is being received, what does each
[00:16:29] group actually need in order to accept this tatsächlich
[00:16:32] akzeptiert?
[00:16:37] depends largely on public acceptance, so who should take the
[00:16:41] initiative, residents or local authorities? experts say
[00:16:45] there's no one size fits all
[00:16:47] solution.
[00:16:49] on the one hand, it strengthens legitimacy when residents
[00:16:53] themselves demand these kinds of
[00:16:55] changes. on the other, it can mean that
[00:16:59] neighborhoods that have lots of politically articulate and
[00:17:02] active residents benefit most, because they make
[00:17:06] demands.
[00:18:07] and to ensure this new public space will in the
[00:18:10] future remain filled with life rather than cars
[00:18:14] and
[00:18:17] how are landscapes changing outside cities? germany's
[00:18:21] countryside is no longer devoted just to farms.
[00:18:25] renewable energy is now harvested there as well and
[00:18:28] that can be controversial.
[00:18:31] around 60 km east of berlin you'll find the
[00:18:34] merkalic nature. that's a popular
[00:18:38] recreational destination for the city's residence, the
[00:18:42] question is, for how much longer, renewable
[00:18:45] energy developers are moving aggressively into the
[00:18:48] region. if investor plans move forward,
[00:18:51] large solar farms will be built along the park's
[00:18:54] edges. opposition has been growing in the
[00:18:57] nearby town of munchebag where an initiative has stepped up
[00:19:01] its campaign against the
[00:19:03] project.
[00:19:05] we need the energy transition and
[00:19:07] to protect the climate, but we shouldn't be
[00:19:11] the cost. some gems like nature parks need
[00:19:15] to be preserved, kept free of large technical
[00:19:18] installations in the landscape.
[00:19:21] though understanding the concerns, the local chapter of nature
[00:19:25] non-profit warns that pitting climate protection against
[00:19:28] nature conservation is a bad
[00:19:30] idea. yanzama is also
[00:19:34] active in the initiative. his
[00:19:37] farm... borders one of the sites being considered for solar
[00:19:40] park.
[00:19:44] he's harvesting kale today. together with his
[00:19:47] partner, zama grows produce for the Berlin
[00:19:50] market. the farm was their dream,
[00:19:54] and one they had long pursued. the couple
[00:19:57] moved to Munchag 17 years ago to be as close as
[00:20:00] possible to nature. they use horses instead of
[00:20:04] tractors that keeps the soil from compacting.
[00:20:07] allowing it to retain more water,
[00:20:11] organic farming on 70 hectares, sustainable
[00:20:15] practices that work, but plans for
[00:20:18] solar parks could now change
[00:20:20] things.
[00:20:27] our landlords have been approached and asked whether they were interested in
[00:20:31] rededicating the land we lease to photovoltaic
[00:20:34] use.
[00:20:37] come and say, i've got a great idea, i'm taking your
[00:20:41] field, and then they go to your landlord of many years and
[00:20:44] offer him so much money that he throw in his grandmother for free,
[00:20:48] that's when i'd had enough.
[00:20:50] It makes it hard for me as a citizen to look at those vested interests and say, yeah, you have a great idea,
[00:20:59] no, I don't think it's a great
[00:21:00] idea.
[00:21:03] The farmer fears for his livelihood. We
[00:21:06] tried to speak with the investors about his
[00:21:09] accusations, but received no response. The
[00:21:12] utility company initially agreed to an interview, but
[00:21:16] later told us it had withdrawn from the project.
[00:21:20] For Yanzama, the playing field is anything but
[00:21:23] level. According to him, the investors offered his
[00:21:27] landlord 20 to 30 times more than he could ever afford
[00:21:31] as a farmer. From
[00:21:35] the nature park itself is its
[00:21:37] stake.
[00:21:40] When farmland is repurposed from food production to electricity
[00:21:43] generation, farmers stop being partners. Young people
[00:21:47] will no longer have the opportunity to cultivate.
[00:22:50] They can earn around 50,000 to 70,00 euros per
[00:22:53] turbine each year, simply by
[00:22:56] allowing the turbine to stand there. That's an
[00:22:59] excellent source of income. These
[00:23:02] land owners are beneficiaries of the energy transition, but
[00:23:06] someone also loses out, the farmer who doesn't own land and
[00:23:10] has to lease it.
[00:23:12] Yanzama hopes his landlord will reject the
[00:23:16] investor's offer and allow him to stay on the
[00:23:19] farm. he'll continue fighting to leave the nature park as
[00:23:22] it is. why? he asks should solar arrays be
[00:23:26] built in a protected area?
[00:23:29] the beauty of solar power is that the panels don't care where they
[00:23:33] are, they just need to face the sun. that means
[00:23:36] renewable electricity can be generated on sealed
[00:23:39] surfaces, rooftops and parking lots.
[00:23:42] there they don't cause problems. on the
[00:23:44] contrary.
[00:23:47] officials in muncheberg say they're carefully. reviewing all the
[00:23:51] arguments and that decision has yet to be
[00:23:54] taken, conservationist.
[00:24:06] In Brandenburg, there a law stating that municipalities have to receive financial
[00:24:09] compensation when solar farms or wind turbines are
[00:24:12] built, and since public budgets are tight
[00:24:16] almost everywhere, there's a strong incentive for local.
[00:25:20] Wait and see what the authorities decide, land ownership
[00:25:24] plays a crucial role in the issue, both for him
[00:25:27] and for Germany's energy
[00:25:29] transition.
[00:25:34] Speaking of renewable energy, here's a great
[00:25:38] question from our viewer Bernard in
[00:25:40] Ghana.
[00:25:44] How do solar panels
[00:25:46] work?
[00:25:48] Solar panels, Also called solar modules are made up of
[00:25:52] number of solar cells linked together. About
[00:25:56] 95% of all solar cells are currently made from
[00:25:59] silicon obtained from quartz sand. It's melted and
[00:26:03] cleaned in a complex process, the resulting
[00:26:06] silicon is cut into thin slices called
[00:26:09] wafers. to make the cell electrically conductive, the
[00:26:12] silicon is intentionally contaminated or
[00:26:15] doped. some wafers with
[00:26:17] boron, others with
[00:26:19] phosphorus.
[00:26:22] when the wafers doped with boron and phosphorus are placed
[00:26:25] together, excess electrons migrate from the
[00:26:28] phosphorus silicone layer into the boron silicone layer.
[00:26:32] This leads to a surplus of
[00:26:36] them at the top. Similar to battery, solar cells
[00:26:39] have positive and negative poles. When
[00:26:43] sunlight strikes the cell, electrons are released in the
[00:26:46] silicon boron layer. Since they're negatively charged,
[00:26:50] they're drawn to the positive pole. Solar cells
[00:26:53] also have metallic conductors at their top and bottom. The
[00:26:57] free electrons travel along these tracks, generating an electrical
[00:27:01] current as long as the sun. is
[00:27:02] shining.
[00:27:08] when more light strikes the surface, more power is generated. to
[00:27:12] increase yield, solar modules are usually connected in
[00:27:15] series and linked up to form larger
[00:27:18] systems. but even small modules can
[00:27:22] generate enough electricity for everyday needs. more
[00:27:25] than 11% of all renewable energy already
[00:27:28] comes from solar energy, increasing trend. It's
[00:27:32] a form of energy with almost infinite
[00:27:35] potential.
[00:27:39] What a stars made of? How many
[00:27:42] colors can butterflies see? Could
[00:27:45] robots have babies one day? Do you have
[00:27:49] science question? Then send it to us as a video, text
[00:27:53] or voice message. If
[00:27:55] we answer it in the show, then we'll send you a little gift as a thank you.
[00:27:59] So, just ask.
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[00:30:06] If you follow us from week to
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