N1BOS — broadcast
20260816 033000 UTC
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[00:00:10] Can you tell what you're looking at? These are close-up images
[00:00:14] of a fertilized human egg implanting itself into the lining
[00:00:18] of the uterus. And amazingly, this isn't a passive
[00:00:23] of process. The human embryo can be seen actively pulling itself into the
[00:00:26] uterine lining. This discovery is changing. our
[00:00:30] understanding of fertility and conception with potentially
[00:00:34] huge benefits for IVF. More on
[00:00:37] that and other groundbreaking medical research. Now on
[00:00:41] DWS Science Show, Tomorrow
[00:00:43] Today.
[00:00:47] At this fertility clinic in
[00:00:49] a Munich, doctors are hopeful new breakthrough could improve one of IVF's biggest
[00:00:53] challenges, successful embryo
[00:00:55] implantation.
[00:01:09] We perform the procedure under very short anesthetic, it takes just
[00:01:13] 5 to 10 minutes, afterwards patients wake up and ideally don't
[00:01:17] feel a thing, but even when we're transferring the very best
[00:01:20] embryos, we still can't predict whether that embryo will eventually become a
[00:01:24] baby sagen können, ob diese embryo wirklich zum Baby
[00:01:26] wird.
[00:01:30] preserved, stored at ultra low temperatures in liquid nitrogen
[00:01:33] tanks for future use. Sperm are injected into eggs that
[00:01:37] have previously been collected from the patient, but IVF is a
[00:01:41] complex process. Whether viable embryo develops depends a whole
[00:01:45] range of factors. It very much depends on the woman's
[00:01:49] age. Between 30 and 35 we see the highest success rates, around
[00:01:53] 40%. As women approach 40 and especially
[00:01:56] beyond 40, those numbers fall significantly. women over
[00:02:00] 42, the success rates are unfortunately very low, usually below
[00:02:04] 5%. doctors
[00:02:08] do everything they can to improve the odds. fertilized eggs are
[00:02:12] monitored and analysed over 5 days with cameras tracking their
[00:02:15] development around the clock, but even the most promising embryos don't
[00:02:19] always implant in the
[00:02:20] uterus.
[00:02:25] there are countless processes involved in the creation of life that we still don't
[00:02:29] in fully understand. We have many unanswered questions, also about
[00:02:33] aging. We know,
[00:02:34] for example,
[00:02:35] that egg cells undergo significant age-related changes by
[00:02:38] the age of 35 at
[00:02:40] the latest. Certain proteins no longer function as effectively, and that can have
[00:02:44] negative impact on both embryodevelopment and pregnancy
[00:02:50] of rate. A few kilometers away at the
[00:02:54] Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells in
[00:02:56] Munich. and her
[00:03:00] team are working to answer some of those
[00:03:02] questions. It's a bit like
[00:03:06] of a black
[00:03:07] a box
[00:03:07] in a way and particular
[00:03:09] a implantation has been really not accessible because implantation occurs
[00:03:13] in the wamb
[00:03:14] of the mother, so we can't see that, we cannot
[00:03:17] a observe that otherwise. Now research teams in
[00:03:21] China, the US and
[00:03:23] of Britain have succeeded in recreating the earliest stage of embryo
[00:03:27] implantation
[00:03:28] in a petry dish.
[00:03:33] so the study tell
[00:03:35] of us that we have
[00:03:35] of been able to bring together the endometro
[00:03:39] and human embryo systems to study
[00:03:42] implantation in vitro for the first
[00:03:44] time. the work has produced
[00:03:48] unprecedented microscopic images of
[00:03:50] a simulated
[00:03:51] uterus
[00:03:55] that will never result in a pregnancy and baby because this is
[00:03:59] basically just... tiny part
[00:04:01] of the complete nine months
[00:04:03] of the pregnancy and we cannot reproduce the rest at
[00:04:06] all in in vitro, but instead gives us the opportunity to
[00:04:10] study that window which is the critical one for
[00:04:13] implantation. using
[00:04:16] of advanced 3D models, the international research teams have made this complex
[00:04:20] process visible and uncovered important biological
[00:04:22] interactions. the analysis was done by looking at different
[00:04:26] proteins and the DNA, and so for example here we
[00:04:30] see is the nuclei, so the DNA, the genetic material both
[00:04:34] of the cells
[00:04:34] of the endometrious scaffold. one important observation of this
[00:04:38] reconstruction is that the embryo is
[00:04:41] surrounded by specific type of
[00:04:44] of cells that we called stromal cells. for the study, researches
[00:04:48] isolated stromal and epithelial cells from tissue donated by
[00:04:52] healthy volunteers. the cells were supplied with nutrients and
[00:04:56] stimulated using signaling molecules, growth factors and horns.
[00:05:01] For the first time, this allowed scientists to prepare an artificial womb lining to
[00:05:05] receive an embryo. The model makes it possible to recreate different
[00:05:08] biological scenarios under control conditions.
[00:05:12] with human embryos, however, remained strictly regulated. what
[00:05:16] we call the 14-day rule is a period of
[00:05:20] time where scientists around the world have agreed
[00:05:24] that we can actually culture human ras up to that day, and so
[00:05:28] that's the day basically allow scientists to grow
[00:05:32] human embryos until the day 14 of
[00:05:34] development. those first few days are
[00:05:38] exactly where success or failure is decided. the
[00:05:41] findings.
[00:06:12] zu beeinflussen
[00:06:15] - eben dinge entwickeln
[00:06:19] kann, die am Ende diesen Paaren have. Today around
[00:06:23] 70% of IVF treatments still do not lead to successful
[00:06:26] pregnancy, but researchers believe that could improve
[00:06:29] significantly in the years
[00:06:31] ahead.
[00:06:37] When that long-awaited baby finally arrives, of course you want
[00:06:41] everything to be just perfect.
[00:06:44] Researchers in Germany are developing new testing methods to detect
[00:06:48] rare metabolic disorders and vitamin deficiencies in
[00:06:51] newborns.
[00:06:58] For Neo, this is the final checkup. After today's blood
[00:07:02] test, he won't need to return to Hidelberg University Hospital in
[00:07:06] Southwest Germany. Shortly after he was born, doctors
[00:07:09] discovered he had a vitamin B12 deficiency. a condition
[00:07:13] that can seriously affect brain development if left
[00:07:16] untreated.
[00:07:20] when infants have a vitamin B12 deficiency, it usually becomes noticeable
[00:07:24] from around four to six months of age. they may show
[00:07:27] significant developmental delays and muscular hypotonia, meaning they're
[00:07:31] a bit floppy and not learning to move properly. it can cause brain damage,
[00:07:35] and in some cases those effects may not be fully reversible, even if the
[00:07:39] deficiency is identified and treated.
[00:07:44] Neo's deficiency was detected through newborn screening.
[00:07:48] A few days after birth, a small blood sample is taken from the baby and
[00:07:52] analysed for signs of metabolic and other serious disorders.
[00:07:56] Until now, screening for vitamin B12 deficiency, as in Neo's
[00:07:59] case, was part of a research study. The results
[00:08:03] showed that the test reliably identifies affected
[00:08:06] children. The report indicated that
[00:08:10] where screening is carried out. fewer children go to develop the
[00:08:14] severe infantile vitamin B12 deficiency, so screening and
[00:08:18] early treatment really do make difference. As
[00:08:22] result, vitamin B12 deficiency has now been added to Germany's routine
[00:08:26] newborn screening program. Vitamin B12 is
[00:08:30] found primarily in animal products. A deficiency can develop when
[00:08:33] mothers are unable to take in enough the vitamin during
[00:08:36] pregnancy. A vegan diet can be one reason, although there are
[00:08:40] many others. Once detected, the deficiency is usually
[00:08:44] easy to treat. The infants receive vitamin supplements and
[00:08:48] are monitored regularly. In most cases, the problem
[00:08:51] resolves once they begin eating animal-based foods
[00:08:54] themselves. Every day, between 500 and a
[00:08:58] thousand blood samples from newborns arrive at the metabolic laboratory at
[00:09:01] Heidelberg University Hospital. Over the past decades,
[00:09:05] newborn screening has expanded dramatically. When it was first
[00:09:09] introduced in 1969, it looked for just one. rare disorder,
[00:09:13] today it screens for 33,
[00:09:17] originally there weren't machines, testing was based on
[00:09:20] microbiological inhibition assays. today, as you see,
[00:09:24] we have large analytical machines that can measure metabolites and amino acids
[00:09:28] very precisely, that means we can test for far more and with much
[00:09:32] greater accuracy. average, one blood sample
[00:09:36] each day in Heidelberg produces an abnormal result, but
[00:09:40] screening for vitamin B12 deficiency. become reliable in recent
[00:09:43] years. That was made possible by advances in laboratory
[00:09:47] analysis, developments that researchers in Hidalberg also helped
[00:09:51] towards. Vitamin B12
[00:09:55] deficiency is far more common than many the disorders that were already included
[00:09:59] in newborn screening. And in most cases, this test also
[00:10:02] identifies deficiency in the mother that's been passed on during
[00:10:06] pregnancy. George Hoffman's team also investigated
[00:10:10] whether it might be possible to detect the deficiency.
[00:10:27] and the more specific signs of vitamin B12 deficiency that are described
[00:10:31] in textbooks simply aren't very often
[00:10:33] seen.
[00:10:37] So for now, the focus remains on screening
[00:10:39] newborns. Vitamin B12 deficiency has since
[00:10:43] been treated. She's simply grateful that she agreed to the
[00:10:47] additional screening
[00:10:48] test.
[00:10:54] Ich habe quasi. "I took part in the newborn screening program and also
[00:10:58] volunteered to have some additional tests done because I just thought, well it can't
[00:11:02] hurt. But I hadn't really read all the information in detail
[00:11:06] and I didn't give it much thought. It was only when our pediatrician called
[00:11:10] to say something wasn't right, that I went back and looked through the paperwork from the
[00:11:13] hospital. That's when I realized what the consequences could have
[00:11:17] been.
[00:11:21] Fortunately, for Neo, those risks never became a reality.
[00:11:28] now let's go back to the beginning: after fertilization,
[00:11:32] the human egg cell divides again and again. this process
[00:11:36] forms embryonic stem cells, cells that can develop into
[00:11:40] every tissue in the human body. we still have stem
[00:11:44] cells as adults, they're vital for the body's repair
[00:11:47] processes, but they're already specialized for particular
[00:11:50] tasks. around 20 years ago, researches discovered how
[00:11:54] to... program adult cells, returning them to a state much
[00:11:58] like an embryonic stem cell. now scientists hope tiny
[00:12:02] nano robots can persuade these artificial stem cells to become
[00:12:06] bone cells. sounds crazy? take a
[00:12:09] look! in these
[00:12:12] dishes are human stem cells and tiny microscopic
[00:12:16] robots. it's only under the microscope
[00:12:20] that their remarkable ability becomes
[00:12:22] visible. the robots... can trigger stem
[00:12:25] cells to transform into bone cells, a breakthrough that could one
[00:12:29] day help damaged bone tissue
[00:12:31] regenerate. artificially grown bone
[00:12:35] tissue like this could help shorten recovery times for diseases such as bone
[00:12:39] cancer or after serious accidents and may
[00:12:43] even prevent the need for amputations in some
[00:12:45] cases, and this is how it
[00:12:48] works: inside the dishes are tiny gel-filled
[00:12:51] cushions, packed inside them a nano-scale robot.
[00:12:55] They're made up of chemical molecules that can
[00:12:57] contract. A laser activates the tiny
[00:13:01] robots, as they contract, they press against the stem
[00:13:05] cells.
[00:13:06] This constant gentle pressure, almost like massage, switches on the stem
[00:13:10] cells genetic program. That causes them to
[00:13:13] transform into bone cells. Here we can see the cell
[00:13:17] after activation and the resulting fully differentiated bone
[00:13:21] cells. The aim is to use this process to...
[00:13:25] damaged tissue and potentially not just
[00:13:28] bone, depending on how long and how intensely they're
[00:13:31] massaged by the robots, the same stem cells can also become
[00:13:35] heart muscle cells or cartilage
[00:13:37] cells, our gel cushions can do
[00:13:41] two things: first they can train a patient's stem
[00:13:44] cells, and second they can transport the
[00:13:48] important cargo, for example heart muscle cells into the
[00:13:52] patient.
[00:13:57] At the bottom of this tube are 400 thousand these gel
[00:14:00] cushions, each containing molecular nano robots and stem
[00:14:04] cells, but it could still be several years before the technology
[00:14:08] is ready for use in patients. Research on insulin
[00:14:12] producing cells is already much further advanced. In people with
[00:14:15] diabetes, these cells are damaged or destroyed. The team
[00:14:19] led by stem cell researcher Mathias Hapock is developing stem
[00:14:23] cells that can be turned into.
[00:15:37] likely continue to be necessary as
[00:15:39] well, the hope is that
[00:15:43] combining both approaches could make it faster and more precise to
[00:15:46] regenerate damaged tissue using stem
[00:15:49] cells. a
[00:15:52] small cut usually heals all by itself within a few days,
[00:15:56] put bandade on it and the body does the rest, but it's a very
[00:16:00] different story when internal organs such as the heart are damaged,
[00:16:04] heart muscle cells can only regenerate to a limited.
[00:16:07] extent, and when the heart becomes weak, the consequences can
[00:16:11] quickly become life-threatening. Open heart
[00:16:15] surgery in Guttingen in Central Germany. The patient is
[00:16:19] suffering from advanced heart failure. Part of his heart muscle has
[00:16:23] died and can no longer help to pump blood around the body. As
[00:16:27] result, the heart grows progressively weaker until eventually it can
[00:16:31] no longer keep going. These
[00:16:35] unassuming hexagonal patches could offer
[00:16:37] lifeline, they're a kind of bandade
[00:16:41] for the heart, made up of millions of heart muscle and connective tissue
[00:16:45] cells grown in the
[00:16:46] lab.
[00:16:53] further north at Schleise Holstein University Hospital, Frank
[00:16:57] Tieger is also a heart failure patient. After
[00:17:01] total of nine heart attacks, large numbers of his heart muscle cells
[00:17:05] have died. Three.
[00:17:47] if the heart's pumping capacity remains above 40%, the
[00:17:51] condition can usually be kept stable allowing patients to lead a
[00:17:54] largely normal life, but when that figure sinks
[00:17:58] further, the risks increase
[00:17:59] dramatically.
[00:18:05] medikament komplett aus.
[00:18:19] the heart patch could offer life-saving alternative, as
[00:18:23] serious part high
[00:18:23] both of are an risk ongoing
[00:18:24] procedures, clinical trial, Stepan Ensminger has already implanted 10
[00:18:27] these patches. Some of his patients are on the waiting list
[00:18:31] for donor heart. Across Germany, nearly 700 people are currently
[00:18:35] waiting, but only around 300.
[00:18:38] Donor hearts become available each year, if the heart patch proved
[00:18:41] successful,
[00:18:42] it could save many more lives. There are around
[00:18:46] 250,00 patients in Germany living with advanced heart failure, all of
[00:18:50] whom could potentially benefit, but there are still many unanswer
[00:18:53] questions. We're running clinical study with strict inclusion criteria,
[00:18:57] and there are limitations. Some patients respond very well, others
[00:19:01] less so, but so far we haven't had a single patient who showed no
[00:19:05] degree of improvement. 'If these
[00:19:09] early results continue to hold up, one man in particular will be
[00:19:12] delighted. The heart patch is in many ways the
[00:19:16] culmination of Volfram Hubertus Zimmerman's life's
[00:19:19] work. For 30 years he's been
[00:19:23] researching artificial heart
[00:19:24] tissue. Now that
[00:19:28] research is finally helping patients who are fighting for their
[00:19:31] lives.
[00:19:35] We see these patients every day in hospitals.
[00:20:08] the process begins with stem cells from donor cell bank.
[00:20:12] researchers induce these cells to develop into beating heart muscle
[00:20:15] cells. by the time the patch is finished, no stem cells
[00:20:19] remain.
[00:20:24] once manufactured, the patches must be implanted within 14
[00:20:27] days. to meet what could become enormous demand,
[00:20:31] researchers are now focusing on making production faster and more
[00:20:34] efficient.
[00:20:50] wait th months, instead we would have them readily available for
[00:20:54] immediate clinical use. back in the operating
[00:20:57] theater in Guttingan, the surgeon stitched together 10 individual heart
[00:21:01] patches to create a larger graft. the yellow sponge acts as
[00:21:05] a supporting base and later breaks down naturally inside the
[00:21:08] body. researchers estimate that around
[00:21:12] half the 800 million implanted cells will survive.
[00:21:16] eventually they contract in sink with the patient's heartbeat. If
[00:21:20] the heart's pumping function simply stops getting worse, that alone would be
[00:21:24] considered success. If it improves, the patient may no longer need
[00:21:28] a donor heart at all. The patches
[00:21:31] stitched directly onto the beating heart, where it gradually integrates with the
[00:21:35] surrounding tissue over the following
[00:21:37] weeks. It will be
[00:21:40] significantly less expensive than
[00:21:43] a heart transplant. If we succeed in automating the manufacturing
[00:21:46] process, the cost of producing each heart patch should fall.
[00:22:50] patients with these potentially life-saving heart
[00:22:52] patches.
[00:22:59] what if instead of simply swallowing medicines and allowing them to
[00:23:02] circulate throughout the entire body, we could deliver them
[00:23:06] directly to the precise location where they're
[00:23:08] needed. perhaps with the help of
[00:23:12] implant produced a 3d
[00:23:15] printer. research is
[00:23:18] underway a lab and
[00:23:50] make more sense to release medications exactly where they're required,
[00:23:54] without putting unnecessary strain on the rest the
[00:23:56] body, unnötig belasten. The
[00:24:00] project is called Endelease, short for endovascular release.
[00:24:04] The idea is to use implant placed inside a blood vessel to deliver
[00:24:08] medication directly where it's
[00:24:09] needed. The system works by
[00:24:13] implanting a drug filled device into the body using a minimally invasive
[00:24:17] procedure. A catheter is then used to guide it through an
[00:24:21] artery to the target location. We're
[00:24:24] making use the body's natural infrastructure. Over the course of
[00:24:28] evolution, arteries have become the ideal highways that we can use to
[00:24:32] transport our implant, and capillaries, the ideal sites for
[00:24:36] exchange where medications can pass into the target
[00:24:38] tissue. Experts from a wide range of
[00:24:42] disciplines are working together to make that vision a reality. The team
[00:24:46] is currently developing and testing prototypes in the lab and
[00:24:50] expectations are
[00:24:51] high, we hope that in
[00:24:55] the future systems will make treatments both safer and more
[00:24:58] effective by delivering highly concentrated doses directly to the
[00:25:02] target site while avoiding systemic side effects in the rest the
[00:25:06] body. Another potential
[00:25:10] advantage is that the technology could help reduce healthcare
[00:25:13] costs. The
[00:25:16] savings wouldn't necessarily come from using less medication.
[00:25:20] Although we would be releasing much smaller amounts
[00:25:23] locally. The bigger benefit is that we may be able to treat
[00:25:26] diseases earlier and more effectively, potentially avoiding a huge amount
[00:25:30] of follow-up costs. The system has now
[00:25:34] been filed for patent protection in several countries, but there's still
[00:25:38] a long road ahead before it reaches clinical use. How quickly that
[00:25:42] happens will depend on future funding and on how successfully the
[00:25:46] technology performs in further testing.
[00:25:52] That's all from us for now, thanks for
[00:25:55] watching and we'll see you again next time tomorrow
[00:25:59] today.
[00:29:41] svoje goste pitam ono što pretpostavljam da biste ih i vi
[00:29:45] pitali, dajući im priliku da ponude adekvatne odgovore, ja sam
[00:29:49] Dalibor Mrdić vi gledate
[00:29:51] N1.
[00:30:24] Dobro veče, poštovani gledaoci, dobrodošli u dnevnik N1 vijest
[00:30:27] dan. U
[00:30:31] požaru. Mišu poginula državljanka Bosne i Hercegovine. Požari u
[00:30:35] našoj zemlji ne jednjavaju najkritičnije na području Džepske planine prema
[00:30:39] naseljenom mjestu Brđani kod konjice.
[00:30:43] Strahujem evo svaki sam dan tamo dežuram ja organizacija je slaba
[00:30:47] u globalu organizacija je slaba. Evo ja odjutros šaljem
[00:30:51] poruku ljudima ovamo da mi da mi ne znam dovučeš
[00:30:55] džipom napretnjača da mi do jer ja sam ovde sam na
[00:30:59] nekih 300 400 onaj.