N1BOS — broadcast
20260917 230000 UTC
441 transcript segments
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[00:00:01] doctors do everything they can to improve the odds.
[00:00:04] fertilized eggs are monitored and analysed over 5 days with
[00:00:08] cameras tracking their development around the clock, but even the most
[00:00:11] promising embryos don't always implant in the
[00:00:14] uterus.
[00:00:18] there are countless processes involved in the creation of life that we still don't
[00:00:22] fully understand. we have many unanswered questions also
[00:00:26] about aging. we know for example that egg cells undergo significant.
[00:00:43] Ensminger has already implanted 10 of
[00:01:00] early treatment. really do make a box in a way and particular implantation has been
[00:01:04] really not accessible because implantation occurs in the
[00:01:07] wamb of the mother, so we can't see that, we
[00:01:10] cannot observe that otherwise.
[00:01:13] now research teams in China, the US and
[00:01:16] Britain have succeeded in recreating the earliest stage of
[00:01:20] embryo implantation in a petry
[00:01:22] dish.
[00:01:27] so the study tell us that we have been able to bring together the
[00:01:31] endometrio and human embryo
[00:01:34] systems to study implantation in vitro for the first
[00:01:38] time. the work has produced
[00:01:42] unprecedented microscopic images of a simulated
[00:01:45] uterus,
[00:01:49] that will never result in a pregnancy and baby, because this
[00:01:52] is basically just a a tiny part of the complete
[00:01:56] nine months of the pregnancy, and we cannot
[00:01:59] reproduce the... at all in in vitro, but
[00:02:02] instead gives us the opportunity to study that window, which
[00:02:06] is the critical one for implantation.
[00:02:09] using advanced 3D models, the international research teams have
[00:02:12] made this complex process visible and uncovered important biological
[00:02:16] interactions. the analysis was done by looking at
[00:02:19] different proteins and the DNA, and so for example here what you
[00:02:23] see is the nuclear, so the DNA, the genetic material,
[00:02:27] both of the cells of the endometrious scaffold. One important
[00:02:31] observation of this reconstruction is that the
[00:02:34] embryo is surrounded by
[00:02:37] specific type of cells that we called stromal cells. For the
[00:02:40] study, researchers isolated stromal and epithelial cells
[00:02:44] from tissue donated by healthy volunteers. The
[00:02:48] cells were supplied with nutrients and stimulated using signaling
[00:02:51] molecules, growth factors and hormones. For the
[00:02:54] first time this allowed scientists to prepare an artificial womb lining to
[00:02:58] receive an embryo. the model makes it possible to recreate different
[00:03:02] biological scenarios under control conditions.
[00:03:05] experiments with human embryos, however, remain strictly
[00:03:08] regulated. what we call the 14-day rule
[00:03:12] is a period of time where scientists around
[00:03:15] the world have agreed that we can actually culture
[00:03:19] human numbers up to that day, and so that's the day
[00:03:22] basically allow scientists to grow human
[00:03:26] embryos until the day 14 of development. for your.
[00:04:30] When that long-awaaited baby finally arrives, of course you
[00:04:34] want everything to be just perfect.
[00:04:38] Researchers in Germany are developing new testing methods to
[00:04:41] detect rare metabolic disorders and vitamin deficiencies in
[00:04:45] newborns.
[00:04:52] For Neo, this is the final checkup. After today's
[00:04:56] blood test, he won't need to return to Hidelberg University hospital in.
[00:05:01] Germany, shortly after he was born, doctors discovered he had a vitamin B12
[00:05:05] deficiency, a condition that can seriously affect brain development
[00:05:09] if left untreated.
[00:05:13] when infants have a vitamin B12 deficiency, it usually becomes
[00:05:17] noticeable from around 4 to six months of age. They
[00:05:21] may show significant developmental delays and muscular hypotonia,
[00:05:25] meaning they're a bit floppy and not learning to move properly. It can cause brain
[00:05:28] damage, and in some cases those effects may not be fully reversible,
[00:05:32] even if the deficiency is identified and
[00:05:34] treated.
[00:05:37] Neo's deficiency was detected through newborn
[00:05:40] screening. A few days. after birth, a small blood
[00:05:43] sample is taken from the baby and analysed for signs of metabolic and
[00:05:47] other serious disorders. Until now,
[00:05:50] screening for vitamin B12 deficiency, as in Neo's case,
[00:05:53] was part of a research study.
[00:05:56] The results showed that the test reliably identifies affected
[00:06:00] children.
[00:06:02] The report indicated that where screening is carried out, far fewer children
[00:06:06] go to develop the severe infantile vitamin B12
[00:06:09] deficiency, so screening and
[00:06:13] difference as a result, vitamin B12
[00:06:16] deficiency has now been added to Germany's routine newborn screening
[00:06:20] program. Vitamin B12 is found
[00:06:23] primarily in animal products. A deficiency can
[00:06:26] develop when mothers are unable to take in enough of the vitamin during
[00:06:30] pregnancy. A vegan diet can be one reason, although there
[00:06:34] are many others. Once detected, the deficiency is
[00:06:37] usually easy to treat. The infants
[00:06:40] receive vitamin supplements and a monitored.
[00:06:44] In most cases, the problem resolves once they begin eating animal-based
[00:06:47] foods themselves. Every day, between 500 and
[00:06:51] a, blood samples from newborns arrive at the metabolic laboratory at
[00:06:55] Heidelberg University Hospital. Over the past
[00:06:58] decades, newborn screening has expanded
[00:07:00] dramatically. When it was first introduced in
[00:07:04] 1969, it looked for just one rare disorder. Today it
[00:07:07] screens for 33. Ursprung. Originally, there
[00:07:11] weren't machines. Testing was based on
[00:07:14] microbiological inhibition assays. Today, as you
[00:07:17] see, we have large analytical machines that can measure metabolites and
[00:07:21] amino acids very precisely. That means we can
[00:07:24] test for far more and with much greater accuracy.
[00:07:28] On average, one blood sample each day in Hydelberg produces an abnormal
[00:07:32] result, but screening for vitamin B12 deficiency has
[00:07:35] only become reliable in recent years. That was
[00:07:39] made possible by advances in laboratory analysis. Developments that
[00:07:43] researchers in Heidelberg also helped
[00:07:45] towards.
[00:07:47] Vitamin B12 deficiency is far more common than many of the disorders
[00:07:51] that were already included in newborn screening. And in most
[00:07:55] cases, this test also identifies deficiency in the
[00:07:58] mother that's been passed on during pregnancy. George
[00:08:01] Hoffman's team also investigated whether it might be possible to detect the
[00:08:05] deficiency even earlier during pregnancy, but clear
[00:08:09] indicators are not always easy to find.
[00:08:21] and the more specific signs of vitamin B12 deficiency that are
[00:08:24] described in textbooks simply aren't very often
[00:08:27] seen.
[00:08:31] so for now the focus remains on screening newborns.
[00:08:34] neo's mother's vitamin B12 deficiency has since been
[00:08:37] treated. she's simply grateful that she agreed to the additional
[00:08:41] screening test. Neo was born a year and a half
[00:08:44] ago.
[00:08:49] I took part in the newborn screening program and also volunteered to have some
[00:08:52] additional tests done because I just thought, well it can't
[00:08:55] hurt, but I hadn't really read all the information in
[00:08:59] detail and I didn't give it much thought. It was only when our
[00:09:02] pediatrician called to say something wasn't right that I went back and looked through the
[00:09:06] paperwork from the hospital. That's when I
[00:09:08] realized what the consequences could have been.
[00:09:15] Fortunately for Neo, those risks never became a
[00:09:17] reality.
[00:09:22] Now let's go back to the beginning. After
[00:09:25] fertilization, the human egg cell divides again and
[00:09:28] again. This process forms embryonic stem cells,
[00:09:32] cells that can develop into every tissue in the human
[00:09:35] body. We still have stem cells as adults. They're
[00:09:39] vital for the body's repair processes, but the... already
[00:09:42] specialized for particular tasks. around 20
[00:09:46] years ago, researches discovered how to reprogram adult cells,
[00:09:50] returning them to a state much like an embryonic stem cell.
[00:09:54] now scientists hope tiny nano robots can persuade these
[00:09:57] artificial stem cells to become bone cells.
[00:10:01] sounds crazy, take a
[00:10:02] look.
[00:10:05] in these dishes are human stem cells and tiny microscopic
[00:10:09] robots.
[00:10:12] it's o under the microscope that their remarkable ability becomes
[00:10:15] visible. The robots can trigger stem
[00:10:19] cells to transform into bone cells, a breakthrough that could
[00:10:23] one day help damage bone tissue.
[00:10:25] generate
[00:10:27] artificially grown bone tissue like this could help shorten recovery times
[00:10:31] for diseases such as bone cancer or after
[00:10:34] serious accidents and may even prevent the need for
[00:10:37] amputations in some cases,
[00:10:41] and this is how it works: inside the dishes are tiny gel
[00:10:44] filled cushions, packed inside them a nanooscale
[00:10:48] robots. they're made up of chemical molecules that can
[00:10:51] contract. laser activates the...
[00:10:55] robots as they contract, they press against the stem
[00:10:58] cells. this constant gentle pressure, almost like
[00:11:01] massage, switches on the stem cells genetic
[00:11:04] program, that causes them to transform into bone
[00:11:08] cells. here we can see the cells after
[00:11:11] activation, and the resulting fully differentiated bone
[00:11:14] cells. the aim is to use this process to repair
[00:11:18] damaged tissue, and potentially not just
[00:11:21] bone, depending on how long and how intensely... the
[00:11:25] massaged by the robots. the same stem cells can also become heart
[00:11:29] muscle cells or cartilage
[00:11:30] cells.
[00:11:33] our gel cushions can do two things:
[00:11:36] first, they can train a patient's stem cells,
[00:11:40] and second, they can transport the important cargo, for example, heart
[00:11:44] muscle cells, into the
[00:11:45] patient.
[00:11:49] in the patient. at the bottom of this tube are
[00:11:52] 400,000 of these gel cushions. each containing
[00:11:55] molecular nano robots and stem cells, but it could still
[00:11:59] be several years before the technology is ready for use in
[00:12:02] patients. research on insulin producing
[00:12:06] cells is already much further advanced. in people with
[00:12:09] diabetes, these cells are damaged or destroyed.
[00:12:12] the team led by stem cell researcher Mathias Hapock is developing
[00:12:16] stem cells that can be turned into insulin producing cells, known
[00:12:20] as isolet cells.
[00:12:23] since the discovery of these. cells, we've now reached the point where
[00:12:27] we can produce isolet cells that look almost identical to those found
[00:12:30] naturally in the human body, these cells are
[00:12:33] already being transplanted into patients as part of clinical
[00:12:36] trials, and those patients no longer need insulin
[00:12:39] injections,
[00:12:42] Matthias Habrok can also now grow living organ components from
[00:12:46] stem cells, to do so, the cell's developmental program
[00:12:49] is activated using specific biochemical
[00:12:52] signals.
[00:12:55] Does that make the new mechanical massage approach
[00:12:57] unnecessary?
[00:13:02] It's a fascinating discovery they've made. Their work clearly
[00:13:05] shows that mechanical stimulation can be used to guide cells in specific
[00:13:09] directions.
[00:13:12] But you probably first need to reach a certain stage of development,
[00:13:15] essentially converting stem cell into a precursor
[00:13:18] cell. Once you've reached that point, it's easy to
[00:13:22] imagine using these mechanical stimuli to further.
[00:13:55] when internal organs such as the heart are damaged, heart muscle
[00:13:58] cells can only regenerate to a limited extent, and when
[00:14:02] the heart becomes weak, the consequences can quickly become
[00:14:06] life-threatening.
[00:14:08] open heart surgery in Guttingan in central Germany: the
[00:14:12] patient is suffering from advanced heart failure. part of his
[00:14:15] heart muscle has died and can no longer help to pump blood around the
[00:14:19] body. as a result, the heart grows progressively weaker
[00:14:23] until eventually it can no longer... keep
[00:14:25] going.
[00:14:28] These unassuming hexagonal patches could offer
[00:14:31] lifeline.
[00:14:34] They're a kind of bandade for the heart made up of millions of heart muscle
[00:14:38] and connective tissue cells grown in the
[00:14:39] lab.
[00:14:47] Further north at Schlaisevy Holstein University
[00:14:49] Hospital. Frank Teager is also a heart failure
[00:14:52] patient. After.
[00:15:25] zombie really I felt like a zombie, almost dead.
[00:15:28] And yes, and
[00:15:31] the stress of it all just kept getting worse,
[00:15:34] worse and worse. Let's look at
[00:15:38] every case of heart failure, it is life
[00:15:41] threatening. If the heart's pumping capacity remains
[00:15:45] above 40%, the condition can usually be kept stable,
[00:15:48] allowing patients to lead a largely normal life. But
[00:15:52] when that figure sinks further, the risks increase
[00:15:56] dramatically. For patients with advanced heart failure,
[00:15:59] treatment options are limited. Once all available
[00:16:03] drug therapies have been exhausted, there are really only two options left:
[00:16:06] heart transplant or an artificial heart. Both
[00:16:10] are serious, high-risk procedures. The heart patch
[00:16:13] could offer life-saving alternative. As part
[00:16:16] of an ongoing clinical trial, Stepan
[00:16:21] these patches. Some
[00:16:23] of his patients are on the waiting list for donor heart. Across
[00:16:27] Germany, nearly 700 people are currently waiting, but only around
[00:16:30] 350 donor hearts become available each year. If the
[00:16:34] heart patch proved successful, it could save many more lives.
[00:16:40] patients in Germany living with advanced heart failure, all of whom could potentially
[00:16:44] benefit. But there are still many unanswered questions. We're
[00:16:48] running a clinical study with strict inclusion criteria, and there are
[00:16:51] limitations. Some patients respond very well, others
[00:16:55] less so, but so far we haven't had a single patient who showed no
[00:16:58] degree of improvement.
[00:17:02] If these early results continue to hold up, one man in particular will
[00:17:06] be delighted. "the heart patch is in many ways the
[00:17:09] culmination of Volfram Hubertus Zimmerman's life's
[00:17:12] work. For 30 years he's been
[00:17:16] researching artificial heart
[00:17:18] tissue.
[00:17:21] Now that research is finally helping patients who are fighting for their
[00:17:24] lives.
[00:17:27] We see these patients every day in
[00:17:30] hospitals. We see the suffering that heart failure
[00:17:33] causes. That's what drives us to develop new treatments
[00:17:36] that can help them."
[00:18:07] develop into beating heart muscle cells, by the time the
[00:18:11] patch is finished, no stem cells
[00:18:13] remain,
[00:18:17] once manufactured, the patches must be implanted within 14
[00:18:21] days to meet what could become enormous demand,
[00:18:24] researchers are now focusing on making production faster and more
[00:18:28] efficient,
[00:18:31] our goal is to go far beyond the 250 patients planned for
[00:18:35] 2027.
[00:18:37] We eventually want to be able to provide heart patches whenever they're
[00:18:40] needed. That means patients would no longer have to wait three
[00:18:44] months. Instead, we would have them readily available for
[00:18:47] immediate clinical use. Back
[00:18:50] in the operating theater in Guttingan, the surgeons stitched
[00:18:53] together 10 individual heart patches to create a larger
[00:18:56] graft. The yellow sponge acts as a supporting
[00:18:59] base and later breaks down naturally inside the
[00:19:02] body. Researchers estimate that around
[00:19:06] half of the 800. and implanted cells will survive,
[00:19:10] eventually they contract in sink with the patient's heartbeat. if
[00:19:14] the heart's pumping function simply stops getting worse, that alone would be
[00:19:17] considered success. if it improves, the patient may no longer need
[00:19:21] a donor heart at all.
[00:19:24] the patch is stitch directly onto the beating heart where it gradually
[00:19:28] integrates with the surrounding tissue over the following
[00:19:30] weeks.
[00:19:34] it will be significantly less expensive than heart transplant. If we
[00:19:37] succeed in automating the manufacturing process, the
[00:19:41] cost of producing each heart patch should fall
[00:19:43] substantially. That would give us genuinely cost-effective
[00:19:47] treatment option, one that healthcare systems can afford,
[00:19:51] especially given the large number of patients who might need.
[00:19:54] the large number of patients that
[00:19:55] we address.
[00:20:02] Increased from 10 to 35%. He no longer needs a donor heart.
[00:20:06] To prevent the body from rejecting the implanted heart cells, he has to
[00:20:10] take medication every day, but that would also be the case with donor
[00:20:14] heart
[00:20:14] transplant.
[00:20:20] I can breathe more easily, I don't get out
[00:20:22] of breath as quickly, I sleep better
[00:20:25] too, basically I can do all the things
[00:20:29] that, let's say, normal people without this heart
[00:20:31] conditioner can also
[00:20:35] do. even though the trial is not yet complete,
[00:20:39] researchers are hoping to secure a special exemption that would allow them to treat
[00:20:42] more hospital patients with these potentially life-saving heart
[00:20:46] patches.
[00:20:52] What if, instead of simply swallowing medicines and allowing
[00:20:56] them to circulate throughout the entire body, we could
[00:20:59] deliver them directly to the precise location where they're
[00:21:02] needed. Perhaps with the help of
[00:21:06] implant produced by a 3D
[00:21:08] printer.
[00:21:11] Research is underway in a lab in Würzburg in southern Germany,
[00:21:15] a technology that could one day transform the way medicines are
[00:21:18] delivered. And
[00:21:57] the idea is to use an implant placed inside a blood vessel to deliver
[00:22:01] medication directly where it's
[00:22:03] needed.
[00:22:06] The system works by implanting a drug filled device into the body using a
[00:22:10] minimally invasive procedure. A
[00:22:12] catheter is then used to guide it through an artery to the target
[00:22:15] location.
[00:22:20] infrastructure. Over the course of evolution, arteries have become the
[00:22:24] ideal highways that we can use to transport our implant, and
[00:22:27] capillaries the ideal sites for exchange where medications can pass
[00:22:31] into the target tissue.
[00:22:35] experts from a wide range of disciplines are working together to make that vision a
[00:22:38] reality. The team is currently developing and testing
[00:22:42] prototypes in the lab and expectations are
[00:22:44] high.
[00:22:47] also,
[00:23:20] to treat diseases earlier and more effectively, potentially avoiding a
[00:23:23] huge amount of follow-up costs.
[00:23:27] The system has now been filed for patent protection in several
[00:23:30] countries, but there's still a long road ahead before it reaches clinical
[00:23:34] use. How quickly that happens will depend on future
[00:23:37] funding and on how successfully the technology performs in further
[00:23:41] testing.
[00:23:46] That's all from us for now. Thanks for
[00:23:49] watching. And we'll see you again next time tomorrow today.
[00:25:23] Good evening, dear viewers, welcome to
[00:25:26] the news.
[00:25:30] Trump's candidate for ambassador to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ronald Johnson,
[00:25:34] presented his priorities before the Senate: stability,
[00:25:37] energy, and American investment in focus, he unequivocally
[00:25:40] confirmed that genocide was committed
[00:25:42] in Srebrenica.
[00:25:47] From the news tonight, we also highlight.
[00:25:54] The Border Police of Bosnia and Herzegovina seized a record
[00:25:58] 1.1 tons of drugs with a street value of up to
[00:26:00] 33 million
[00:26:02] euros.
[00:26:06] Reductions in Sarajevo are becoming more frequent, and rain is still not
[00:26:09] in sight. In the settlement of Bostarići, there has been no water
[00:26:12] for six days
[00:26:13] in a row.
[00:26:17] A forest fire is raging in Blidinje, the terrain is inaccessible, and extinguishing
[00:26:20] is only possible from the air. Croatia approved canadairs as
[00:26:24] humanitarian aid to Bosnia and
[00:26:25] Herzegovina.
[00:26:29] In Mostar and Neum today, 32 degrees were measured. Tomorrow
[00:26:33] in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it will be moderately cloudy, with possible light
[00:26:36] rain in some places.
[00:26:42] The hearing of candidates for US ambassadors to Bosnia and
[00:26:45] Herzegovina and Serbia turned into a sharp debate about the business
[00:26:49] interests of President Donald Trump's family in the
[00:26:52] Balkans and the possibility that US embassies could be
[00:26:56] used to promote them. The genocide in Srebrenica
[00:26:59] and the glorification of war crimes were discussed. Among the
[00:27:02] priorities of Trump's candidate for ambassador
[00:27:06] to Bosnia and Herzegovina are stability, energy, and American
[00:27:10] investment.
[00:27:14] Mr. Johnson, do you agree that what happened in
[00:27:18] Srebrenica was genocide?
[00:27:21] I think I could unequivocally tell you that Srebrenica
[00:27:25] was genocide, as were the judgments made through the
[00:27:29] judicial systems you mentioned earlier, absolutely.
[00:27:34] Do you agree that it is important that we clearly state that this is the position of the United
[00:27:38] States, especially when we hear figures like Milorad Dodik as
[00:27:41] he tries to incite separatism and cause further ethnic
[00:27:45] and religious tensions in Bosnia and
[00:27:47] Herzegovina? Team Senator, you can be sure that
[00:27:51] when I am in office, I will be very determined to
[00:27:54] recommend those courses of action, as you mentioned earlier,
[00:27:58] absolutely. Democratic Senator Jane
[00:28:01] Shahin reminded during the hearing of the candidate for US Ambassador to
[00:28:05] Bosnia and Herzegovina about the glorification of the convicted war criminal Ratko
[00:28:09] Mladić by Milorad Dodik, the advocacy for the independence
[00:28:13] of Republika Srpska, hate speech. Ronald Johnson replied that he
[00:28:17] would be a strong advocate of what is stated in the National Defense
[00:28:21] Act, if confirmed, and there, let's recall, in the context of the Western
[00:28:24] Balkans, the possibility of returning individual
[00:28:27] sanctions for undermining the Dayton Peace Agreement was also mentioned. But
[00:28:31] that this would happen could be noticed in the introductory address. The United
[00:28:35] States remains committed to the sovereignty and territorial
[00:28:38] integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the peace
[00:28:41] established by the Dayton Agreement. Local leaders
[00:28:44] need to take responsibility for the problems in the country, which is actually
[00:28:48] in line with Trump's foreign policy agenda "America First", which
[00:28:52] Johnson himself mentioned. 30
[00:28:55] years after Dayton, the future of Bosnia and Herzegovina should increasingly
[00:28:58] be shaped by its own leaders and institutions.
[00:29:02] confirmed, I will encourage pragmatic, locally driven
[00:29:06] solutions to political and economic challenges and support
[00:29:09] efforts to strengthen cooperation among different communities in Bosnia and
[00:29:13] Herzegovina. Johnson spoke about the upcoming elections, saying that he would
[00:29:16] work with all stakeholders to calm tensions, maintain
[00:29:20] stability, he mentioned Russian and Chinese influence, especially
[00:29:23] emphasizing economic relations, the energy sector, which he called
[00:29:27] key for the United States. They asked him about American projects in Bosnia
[00:29:31] and Herzegovina. The embassy should help private projects
[00:29:34] of people close to Donald Trump. He replied, "Everyone is welcome",
[00:29:38] but added that he did not believe that the president would actually
[00:29:42] ask him to help him with financial matters for his
[00:29:46] family, and if he did, I think I would turn
[00:29:49] back to the State Department headquarters to get
[00:29:52] clarification, sir. By the way, Ronald Johnson's hearing
[00:29:56] began with warnings from leading members of the Senate Foreign
[00:29:59] Relations Committee that peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina should not
[00:30:03] be taken for granted, that Washington must clearly defend the Dayton
[00:30:06] Agreement, the sovereignty and territorial integrity
[00:30:09] of the country. Tina Jalindizdar
[00:30:11] N1.
[00:30:15] Don't miss
[00:30:16] the continuation of the news.
[00:30:20] What future awaits the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina? The beginning
[00:30:24] of the development strategy until 2034
[00:30:27] has been officially announced.
[00:30:33] In the "Bura" operation in the area of Ilijaš, approximately
[00:30:36] 1.1 tons of synthetic narcotics were seized, which, according
[00:30:39] to the Border Police of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is the largest seizure
[00:30:43] of synthetic drugs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. One person was
[00:30:46] deprived of liberty. The market value of the seized drugs was estimated
[00:30:49] at 5 million euros, while its value after sale in
[00:30:53] in individual doses on the street could amount to between 25 and
[00:30:57] 33 million euros. It is about...