N1BOS — broadcast 20260920 080000 UTC 522 transcript segments Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (https://www.gdeltproject.org/), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive. Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record. [00:00:00] self-sufficient with about [00:00:02] important that is, one of 70% produced by coal and about 30% by [00:00:04] hydroelectric, but over 80% of their liquid national [00:00:08] gas, natural gas is imported from [00:00:11] Russia, [00:00:13] always curious how a and they also have Russian ownership of their major energy [00:00:17] company, those those issues need to be [00:00:20] addressed, and if confirmed, I will certainly continue [00:00:24] to urge that NIS be - [00:00:28] change, there be a change in ownership and control from Russian ownership and [00:00:31] control to something else, which is under negotiation, as I understand [00:00:35] it, in addition, I think, looking at completion of [00:00:38] pipelines from the west that allow them to get [00:00:41] energy sources become very important in terms of their [00:00:45] capacity to engage the [00:00:48] west [00:00:51] advance all of to the exclusion on occasion of Russia and [00:00:54] other countries with [00:00:57] a more complicated question than a somewhat less aurable in ambitions. uh for [00:01:00] Serbia, Miss Neshut, [00:01:03] um, [00:01:06] as you've already seen today, this committee is really [00:01:09] concerned, really interested in how [00:01:12] we achieve um, how we bolster our own national security [00:01:16] on matters related to uh the [00:01:20] that is tucked in a way tucked into a Arctic, uh, we face lot of vulnerabilities in that [00:01:23] area, and that I know you know more about this [00:01:26] area than almost any anybody I know, um, [00:01:30] what can you tell us just sort of about your strategy on this? I've introduced a bill to [00:01:34] to try to address our efforts there, but [00:01:37] um, I, I tell us what you know [00:01:41] about how our foreign adversaries, with realm of what [00:01:44] you can talk about in a non-classified environment, but how are [00:01:47] adversaries may be exploiting vulnerabilities [00:01:50] going to make your job very, very hard. Let me in the arctic, us vulnerabilities, that is, [00:01:54] thank you, senator, uh, it's it's something that I think is is [00:01:58] quite the highest priority when it comes to national security is is understanding the [00:02:02] threat environment that is up there, the lack of domain awareness, [00:02:05] ensuring that our US coastgard has the capabilities, our navy, I think [00:02:09] we're all aware we have a shortage of ice breakers, we do have ice [00:02:13] ice pact agreement hopefully that will help with the expansion, thanks to [00:02:16] President Trump's uh advocacy there uh working with uh [00:02:20] Canada and Finland to help um expand our ice breaker [00:02:23] fleet, I believe right now we only have one actual heavy [00:02:27] ice breaker ship um [00:02:30] which is quite old and uh we have maybe two medium ice breakers [00:02:34] and that's about it, so there's there's quite a bit just from a shipping standpoint [00:02:38] and having having that capability. the concern as [00:02:40] i said earlier with increased shipping traffic with Russia and [00:02:44] China, my concern is China tends to have [00:02:47] these quote unquote research stations up in the high north, um, lot of [00:02:51] it with dual use purpose. I myself have visited up in the [00:02:55] high north and seen firsth these these so-called [00:02:58] research stations being un' and what does that really mean right? [00:03:02] so and then also just seeing lot of ships up [00:03:05] there, including the illegal fishing that's taking place and what does that really mean [00:03:09] when they're supposed to also be scientific research? so understanding [00:03:12] that that dynamic, taking stock in inventory of what we do have up [00:03:16] in the high north, expanding maybe some of the military exercises that we have and [00:03:20] working with our arctic partners and including NATO of [00:03:24] course will will certainly be part of that uh dynamic, I [00:03:27] mentioned even a space component and able to have the [00:03:31] sensor, the sensors, the radars that that are [00:03:33] appropriate um up there and working closely with Norrad and Northcom as [00:03:37] well. Thank you so much, see my times expired. Thank you, Mr. [00:03:40] Chairman. Thank you, Senator Lee, and thank you for not [00:03:44] engaging in discussion about the foot notes in those Supreme Court cases that you're [00:03:48] but um, one of so familiar. Hey, we can go there if you want to, not we don't. [00:03:51] Senator Murphy, uh, thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, thank you [00:03:55] everyone on the panel for your willingness to serve the country [00:03:58] and to your family's willingness to... serve um, Mr. [00:04:02] Young, last year uh, Donald Trump Jr. made [00:04:05] two um pretty high profile visits to Serbia, [00:04:08] in at least one of them he met with Vuchic uh and business [00:04:12] leaders. Um, and then in April of this year, and even more [00:04:16] extraordinary visit, uh, he went to the Republica [00:04:19] Serbska, and it was widely covered, as [00:04:23] um, implicit endorsement of Dotich [00:04:26] by the President's family. Um, we now know,... [00:04:30] that at that exact same moment when the president was go [00:04:34] when the president's son was going to the republic of Serbska, a Russian [00:04:37] ally, um, very close associate of Vladimir [00:04:41] Putin was paying for Donald Trump Junior's [00:04:45] wedding, um, and you are going to [00:04:48] be in a country that apparently is [00:04:52] of great interest to the President's family. What do you [00:04:55] know about the president's son's [00:04:59] visit to? republica serbsca, why did he go [00:05:02] um, and what was the message he was delivering when he was there, because [00:05:06] it was covered um as an official act of [00:05:10] the federal of the... US government, it was of great [00:05:14] interest in the region when he was there. Uh, [00:05:18] Senator Murphy, thank you for that question, I [00:05:22] will have two levels of answers for that. One [00:05:26] is that, as I have seen [00:05:29] in the newspapers, which is my only level of understanding of this, is that [00:05:33] there is interest in financial [00:05:37] investment on the part of his companies [00:05:39] in Serbia, and and those are of [00:05:43] course decisions for [00:05:45] Serbia and the private sector to make, if confirmed, I will [00:05:49] certainly look carefully at what kinds of [00:05:53] representations we are making, by what kind of [00:05:55] activities occur across the board, to ensure that we [00:05:59] try to speak with the single voice and [00:06:03] the particular activities that are [00:06:06] designed to help advance our relationship with Serbia in [00:06:10] ways that make the United States. [00:06:12] safer, more secure, but in preparation for this hearing or for this job, you have you [00:06:16] asked uh the White House or the State Department what the [00:06:19] nature of those visits were, that seems to be [00:06:23] immediately relevant to you, in this new post. have you [00:06:26] asked those questions? uh, [00:06:29] senator, I have asked those questions and, but [00:06:32] I am not, I am not in a position having not been [00:06:36] confirmed to be able to have the depth [00:06:39] of more confidential information about that and what they... [00:06:43] have what I've been briefed on uh really reflects essentially what [00:06:46] it's in uh the newspapers. Yeah, this is this is an extraordinary [00:06:50] moment when um the the business [00:06:53] interests of the family um do [00:06:55] intersect with the national security interests of the [00:06:59] country. Um, and I think it's [00:07:03] ask both you and General Johnson, a [00:07:06] related question. Um, the president's family has lot of business [00:07:10] interests in the region. You referenced that, Donald Trump Jr. [00:07:13] seems to uh be interested in building properties [00:07:17] there uh the President's son-in-law who is maybe the most important diplomat these [00:07:21] days representing the United States Cherod Kuschner is [00:07:24] proposing to um build a resort in [00:07:27] Albania and in fact it has become so controversial [00:07:31] that um an American ally, the leader of [00:07:35] that country, his political survival is threatened because [00:07:38] of this project. [00:07:41] Um, this is a pretty... simple question, if the white [00:07:44] house were to come to either of you um [00:07:48] and ask for help from the embassy [00:07:51] a financial project important to [00:07:54] the family, um, what would your [00:07:57] response be? um, first ask you [00:08:01] general Johnson and then um to you [00:08:04] Mr. Young, and I don't think these are out of the [00:08:07] realm of possibility hypotheticals given how many important business [00:08:11] interests the family had. in this particular [00:08:13] region? good morning, senator Murphy, [00:08:17] thank you, I don't believe the president would actually [00:08:21] ask me to help him with financial [00:08:24] deals for his family first and foremost, and [00:08:28] if he did, I think I would refer back [00:08:31] to main state in order to get clarification, [00:08:34] sir. Well, what if the state department said we'd like [00:08:37] you to help the president or the president's family [00:08:41] a business? steal: i don't believe that it will it ever [00:08:44] occur. you believe it's appropriate [00:08:47] for an embassy to be helping the president of the [00:08:51] united states [00:08:53] a personal family financial a first of [00:08:57] all uh senator, it is the job of the embassy to help [00:09:01] promote us economic [00:09:04] interests in those countries. well, whether or not, it's the [00:09:07] presidents. mean, it's different story. i understand where you're [00:09:11] coming from. think it might be appropriate for an embassy? did not [00:09:15] say that, senner. so is it or is it [00:09:17] not? [00:09:21] if they ask me if you want to promote economic [00:09:25] development in Bosnia and Herzegovina, I welcome [00:09:28] all Americans to come to Bosnia and Herzegovina to be able to [00:09:32] promote even if it's the president's family interest. um, Mr. [00:09:35] Young, is it appropriate for an embassy to be [00:09:39] trying to push a personal project? [00:09:42] the president's family? [00:09:45] uh, senator Murphy, it is, I [00:09:48] believe, part of the job of an ambassador to try and [00:09:51] urge the country to create an [00:09:53] environment that levels the plain field, so that American companies [00:09:57] and American interests can compete fairly and freely, [00:10:01] and if they do, they will win. I know, but just answer the question, I mean, this is not for you, [00:10:04] especially, this is not inconceivable, I mean, the president's son [00:10:08] has active Trump family projects, [00:10:11] um, in Serbia today, it is not inconceivable that you will [00:10:15] be asked to advocate on behalf of those projects, do you think it's [00:10:19] appropriate for you to advocate on behalf of projects that [00:10:22] put money in the pocket of the president? in the United States uh [00:10:26] Senator, I think it is the obligation of ambassador [00:10:30] to uh urge [00:10:33] uh a country uh to consider [00:10:37] all opportunities, guys, the answer is no, the answer is [00:10:40] no, it is not appropriate for an ambassador to [00:10:44] advocate on behalf of projects that will enrich the president [00:10:48] or his family, that's an easy answer, the answer is [00:10:52] no. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. [00:10:56] Uh, well, thank you. Senator Murphy, I I think [00:10:59] the uh, the questions a whole lot more complicated than what you've put in [00:11:03] front of them. I think uh, obviously, legal advice would be [00:11:06] important in that regard, ethics advice would be important in that regard, and I [00:11:10] have every confidence that these people would seek [00:11:13] such advice and follow that [00:11:16] advice that were was given to them, so I, I think it's [00:11:22] simple yes or no, would depend upon the circumstance. of each [00:11:25] case and we depend upon a lot [00:11:28] of lot of things, but in any [00:11:31] event, thank youuh for your answers on that, [00:11:34] and I think what Senator Murphy just laid out is [00:11:37] a good example of the kind of complicated questions and [00:11:41] difficult choices that ambassadors have to make when you're when [00:11:45] you're out in the field, but being the United States of America, we [00:11:49] have uh lanes and pathways for those [00:11:51] decisions to to be vetted and then [00:11:55] to be made, so thank you, thank you for your service, senatordy, [00:11:59] welcome, good to be back, mr. chairman, thank you, thank you for calling [00:12:03] me, and congratulations to all of you, and thank you for your [00:12:06] willingness to serve the greatest nation in the world as [00:12:08] diplomats, your charge is going to be significant. i'd like to start with [00:12:12] you, if might, i'd like to [00:12:15] talk to you about the importance of the artic for america's [00:12:18] security and economic concerns. [00:12:21] i think conventional wisdom in many foreign policy zones say that this is [00:12:25] really a European or a NATO issue, but I learned [00:12:28] in my time serving as ambassador to Japan that China is posing [00:12:32] threats not only in that region, but considerable threats and [00:12:36] concerns around the world, and I just like to get your perspective [00:12:39] on how you see the national security aspects, the [00:12:43] economic security aspects of the region, particularly if you could focus on [00:12:46] China. Thank you, Senator Hagerty, yes, it's [00:12:50] it's a very important question, it it certainly does go beyond beyond [00:12:53] Europe, um, when we think about indo-pacific region, there's there's also [00:12:56] pacific side of of the Arctic and we have to consider those those [00:13:00] aspects when you think about partners and allies like Japan, [00:13:04] Korea, Singapore, they are [00:13:07] Arctic observer states and they all have also [00:13:10] have taken the investment opportunity to look at [00:13:13] economic security, in fact I think Japan is now building its second [00:13:17] ice breaker, so they're all very concerned, especially when it comes to [00:13:20] choke points as they're looking at shipping lanes as well where they can do [00:13:24] their... and shipping um all together, but again [00:13:28] I i would say that the biggest concern would certainly be China [00:13:31] once again, which again we all think i know that is not [00:13:35] an arctic state, but again they do consider themselves a near arctic [00:13:38] state, they have what's called a polar silk road [00:13:42] that they created a number of years ago, basically [00:13:46] looking to have this dual use technology that that's out [00:13:50] there, which I think is of great concern, [00:13:53] and again... "the concern will also be what are they're [00:13:56] doing with China? in fact uh there's been reports open source [00:14:00] reporting of these joint Russia China patrols in the [00:14:04] region that that have extended even through uh the Alaska waters so [00:14:08] there's there is some concern um in that region as well too so I think it's going to be [00:14:12] very important um I believe there's even discussion of having a a trilateral [00:14:16] with US, Japan and and Korea on on Arctic issues so I look [00:14:19] forward if confirmed to work uh with them as well. I I I [00:14:23] certainly applaud..." the trial exercise you're talking [00:14:27] about, because I think the more that we can do with Japan, South Korea and other nations in the [00:14:30] region to address what is very common concern uh, I think that's very [00:14:34] important, and thank you for highlighting the [00:14:37] Indo-pacific aspect of our concerns in the Arctic as I [00:14:40] think about what the Trump administration has done in terms of [00:14:44] anticipating and understanding this issue, they've entered a [00:14:47] significant deal with Finland to make ice ice breakers, and in fact I [00:14:51] think seven of the 11 ice breakers are going to be built here in US shipyard. [00:14:55] but it's a critical move, I think in terms of [00:14:59] creating industrial base and the strength to to be present in [00:15:03] that region. um, going back to the China-Russia [00:15:06] cooperation though, um, how does the ice breaker [00:15:10] deal impact uh, how they may look at the region and how we [00:15:14] should be posturing ourselves? thank you, [00:15:16] Senator, that's a great question, um, as I was saying earlier, we [00:15:20] we're certainly behind the curve here as Russia continues to [00:15:23] militarize the region, They have over dozen now [00:15:27] ice breakers uh China also is is relying on some of that capital [00:15:31] as well and the access to the northern sea route um so it will be [00:15:34] very important this ice pack deal and the expansion it will [00:15:37] help us have the capabilities as opposed to waiting over decade to [00:15:41] build ice breaker, this will hopefully expedite that with the partnership [00:15:45] of of Finland and as well as the support of Canada, so I i'm [00:15:50] title like ambassador at large fits into the state department or [00:15:53] chart, my experience with the organization it can be complicated, [00:15:57] but I i would appreciate to the extent you have visibility on that, how will you fit into [00:16:01] the organization chart and how will you get the support you need because you're going to touch many [00:16:05] domains here with your responsibility? [00:16:07] I'd like to just get your commentary on on the organizational aspects of [00:16:11] this. Thank you, Senator. I believe according to the statute [00:16:14] and the creation of of this position, I would report to the secretary through the [00:16:18] act to the under secretary of political affairs, P is the [00:16:21] acronym. Um, but this this will probably be housed [00:16:24] in from what I understand the EUR Bureau, the European Bureau, [00:16:28] however, that being said, it'll be critical to work with [00:16:32] other bureaus such as the East Asia Pacific Bureau point, [00:16:35] yeah, um, the Western Hemisphere Bureau. emerging threats, [00:16:39] mean the pretty much all encompassing throughout the state department, having worked [00:16:42] there, kind of understand the dynamics of of of how the the [00:16:46] regional bureaus and the functional bureaus work, so it'll be extremely important to be [00:16:50] able to channel through and coordinate with each and every one of these bureaus. you've [00:16:53] identified the concern very well and [00:16:57] regional bureau with such broad responsibilities that would cut across [00:17:00] many, you're certainly the right person for the job to figure [00:17:04] out how that makes to make that happen and make it work within the... struct of the current [00:17:08] system. Mr. Chairman, I just want to thank ranking membership, thank and [00:17:12] congratulate all of the nominees here for being present today and wish you all the very [00:17:16] best as you navigate this process. Thank you. Thank [00:17:20] you, Senator Hagerdy, and for those of you who didn't know, Senator Hagerdy had the [00:17:23] opportunity to sit right where you're sitting, some years back, [00:17:27] before he went to Japan, he was a ambassador to [00:17:29] Japan, [00:17:34] that's why he's so easy on you guys, you having sat there and... any event [00:17:37] uh did a fantastic job for us in Japan [00:17:41] and uh and really appreciate it uh so with that senator Shaheen [00:17:45] has already announced a second round as she ordinarily does so [00:17:49] to my good friend and colleague senator Shahin I will [00:17:52] yield. I only do I only do it when I have additional [00:17:55] questions by the way I think all those remarks were made [00:17:59] were uh particularly [00:18:01] appropriate about missing your expertise uh in the [00:18:05] Balkans. I know you spent a good share. [00:18:07] good share of your career uh sen shahen and I came in [00:18:11] at the same time and we kind of had uh as [00:18:14] frequently happens we have uh interests that are a little different [00:18:18] and she's been focused on that and there and and it doesn't get the [00:18:22] attention that it needs so we are going to miss your expertise in that [00:18:25] regard uh so senator sheen well thank you very much [00:18:29] mr chairman and i do have some more questions [00:18:32] for Mr. Johnson but um I want to ask Miss [00:18:35] Neshuwa first about [00:18:39] um views on arctic security, and I think it's [00:18:42] very important that we have um someone [00:18:46] in the position that you've been nominated for given the [00:18:49] challenges that we're facing in the Arctic, and as I'm sure you're [00:18:52] aware earlier this year, Secretary Rubio reiterated the [00:18:56] importance of strong engagement with NATO's seven Arctic [00:19:00] countries, and yet um, [00:19:03] earlier, well, in [00:19:05] May, Senator Markowski and I led an all female [00:19:09] delegation to the Arctic, we visited [00:19:13] um northern Canada, Greenland, um, [00:19:16] Spalbard in Norway, and [00:19:19] we're supposed to go to Iceland and had trouble with the [00:19:22] plane, [00:19:25] the things we heard in that [00:19:28] trip was concern about the position this [00:19:31] administration has taken with respect to some of our traditional allies, [00:19:35] Canada, um, the threat. to take action on [00:19:38] greenland, the map showing Iceland is a US [00:19:42] territory, none of those are [00:19:45] conducive to the kind of partnership and [00:19:49] collaboration we need with our Arctic allies, so can [00:19:53] you talk a little bit about how you would address the interest in [00:19:56] ensuring that we have regular communication with our [00:20:00] allies. Thank you, Senator, if [00:20:03] confirmed, I I look forward to working with each and every one of our partners and [00:20:07] including the A7 partnership uh that was created [00:20:11] earlier this year uh with our Nortic partners. um, [00:20:14] I would say that it would also be important to work with our our US Nordic [00:20:18] ambassadors too, and and if confirmed, I hope to maybe [00:20:21] perhaps hold uh monthly meetings uh from time to time [00:20:25] to make sure we're all speaking from the same sheet of music and carrying uh Secretary [00:20:28] Rubio and and President Trump's policies going [00:20:31] forward so there's no confusion and that we we have that close [00:20:34] coordination in working with uh partner countries that [00:20:38] will be very important, which of course includes [00:20:41] NATO. um, well, thank you, as you point out, [00:20:45] NATO has an important role to play and and they're doing a better [00:20:48] job of recognize. how [00:20:52] the briefings that we got when we were [00:20:55] instalbard, which is above the arctic circle in [00:20:58] Norway was about Russia's increasing [00:21:02] aggression in that region, [00:21:05] and so can you talk about how you think we [00:21:08] should be responding to what Russia is doing in the [00:21:12] Arctic? Well, thank you, Senator, very important question, [00:21:16] I was saying earlier to senator Haggardy that with [00:21:19] Russia. continued militarization of the Arctic, now they are hurting a [00:21:23] little bit economically because of the Russia Ukraine war, um, but they continue [00:21:27] to dominate in the region, controlling access through the northern sea [00:21:30] route, um, and the biggest, I think challenge for us in the United [00:21:34] States and for our arctic allies is to [00:21:37] have those capabilities, whether it's the ice breakers behind that, [00:21:41] having the the technology, the innovation, uh, the support, I mean [00:21:44] even the coldware gear uh, having been [00:21:48] having participated in some of the military. exercises I noticed even our own troops [00:21:52] were needing to uh use um for example [00:21:55] Norwegian uniforms and boots just to deal with the cold weather, so there's [00:21:59] a lot that we can learn from each other and cooperate both from an [00:22:02] operational standpoint and and and also even [00:22:05] from um you know security standpoint in the sense [00:22:08] of those shared values and understanding that we need that domain [00:22:11] awareness. well thank you, we have the cold regions lab [00:22:15] in um Hanover New Hampshire and we would invite you to come and [00:22:19] see what they're doing there to to address some of the [00:22:22] concerns we have about being prepared for arctic [00:22:26] um temperatures and weather. absolutely. thank [00:22:29] you. um, thank you. Mr. [00:22:33] Johnson, I i want to, I ask um, Mr. [00:22:36] Young this question, but I didn't ask you whether [00:22:39] you um also [00:22:42] agree that what happened in Shreberniza was a [00:22:45] genocide. [00:22:50] Thank you, Senator. I think I could unequivocally tell you, yes, [00:22:53] Sharvanica was a genocide has [00:22:56] been the convictions that came through with the court systems as you mentioned [00:23:00] earlier, absolutely. And do you agree [00:23:04] that it's important for us to to make clear that that's [00:23:08] the position of the United States and particularly when we [00:23:11] hear from um characters like [00:23:14] Miller Ad Dotic as he's trying to [00:23:18] encourage separatism and [00:23:21] um foment further ethnic tensions and [00:23:24] religious tensions in Bosnia Herzegovina, that it's [00:23:28] important for us to be unequivocal and how we [00:23:30] talk about that issue. I think senator, you can rest assure that [00:23:34] when I am in position that I will be very positive in [00:23:38] recommending uh those courses of action as you mentioned [00:23:41] earlier, absolutely. Thank you, thank you, thank you all very [00:23:45] much. I join in that, thanks to all of you, [00:23:49] we have. unique opportunity here today to talk about some things [00:23:53] that you might wind up with, senator Murphy raise some [00:23:56] questions, ethical questions, and we don't, we don't usually get into a [00:24:00] discussion of that, I'm sure they take that up when you go through school uh [00:24:03] over at the state department, the kinds of things that that you're going to deal with, [00:24:07] but uh, my experience over the years and is [00:24:10] that ambassadors wind up with some very unique [00:24:14] situations and ones that that require you to write home and [00:24:18] find out what what needs to go on, [00:24:20] so thank you again to you and and to your [00:24:23] families uh for being here today uh certainly a distinguished [00:24:27] panel that we had today and uh I want to thank you all [00:24:30] for the benefit of your testimony uh and cander with us. 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