N1BOS — broadcast
20260920 083000 UTC
451 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (https://www.gdeltproject.org/), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive.
Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record.

[00:00:01] No endless scrolling, no mindless violence,
[00:00:05] no porn. In late 2025, Australia
[00:00:08] introduced the world's first age limit for social media. If you're
[00:00:12] under 16, the likes of Instagram, YouTube and TikTok
[00:00:15] are off limits, but more than 80% of teenagers still
[00:00:19] industry, but as more of use them, thanks also to the platforms making it child's play to circumvent the
[00:00:23] ban.
[00:00:26] It's hardly difficult when the age check is just one question: Are
[00:00:30] you over 16? Yes or
[00:00:32] no?
[00:00:36] However old you are, welcome to DW Science Show. Tomorrow
[00:00:40] today.
[00:00:46] A few hand gestures and
[00:00:49] analyzes the data for every lap of moments later you know whether someone is over or under 18.
[00:00:52] The French startup Needmand launched the Borderage Service in December
[00:00:56] 2025.
[00:01:15] Fungi. They come in or hostile, or how to get rid of
[00:01:41] Drist benchrun and his team began researching this age
[00:01:44] estimation method nine years ago. The
[00:01:47] product was commercialized only recently and according to the company
[00:01:51] is now 99% accurate. We have customers in
[00:01:56] It's the most important test of three sectors: social media, adult websites and dating
[00:01:59] platforms. and we're in contact with Google, TikTok and
[00:02:02] Meta.
[00:02:05] Niedeman's system is currently calibrated for age
[00:02:07] 18. The startup also plans to adapt the product to the
[00:02:11] thresholds of 15 and
[00:02:13] 16.
[00:02:16] What makes the method appealing is that users do not have to disclose
[00:02:19] personal
[00:02:20] data.
[00:02:24] The idea is fundamentally interesting. The idea is interesting because other age
[00:02:27] checks require you to show your face to camera.
[00:03:00] It's difficult to judge from outside. Manufacturers
[00:03:03] usually make more optimistic claims than systems like this deliver in
[00:03:06] real life, the reality of the system
[00:03:10] makes.
[00:03:13] The team is pressing forward. It hopes to license another product that
[00:03:17] alongside hand movement checks is intended to provide 100%
[00:03:21] certainty in borderline
[00:03:22] cases.
[00:03:27] Research is in our company's DNA. And we want to
[00:03:30] go further. We want to prove to the world that solutions
[00:03:34] exist for completely anonymous age
[00:03:36] verification,
[00:03:39] and I deliberately say solutions in the
[00:03:42] The prototype generates only a plural.
[00:03:45] Whether Borderage will succeed remains to be seen, but it
[00:03:48] speaks to a growing demand for both privacy and child
[00:03:51] protection.
[00:03:56] What are Germany's inventors typically working on these days?
[00:04:00] Transport and engineering are strong, but it's the auto
[00:04:03] industry that, according to the German patent office, is the top driver of
[00:04:07] innovation.
[00:04:11] Potholes: after winter, they're everywhere. That means more
[00:04:14] road works and more traffic jams. Overweight
[00:04:18] trucks are particularly hard on
[00:04:19] roads.
[00:04:23] That's why the police carry out spot checks. Often they
[00:04:26] find that overloaded trucks also have brake defects.
[00:04:30] But this truck can inspect itself in real time. Mechanical
[00:04:34] engineers at Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and their partners have
[00:04:38] transformed it into a mobile laboratory.
[00:04:42] Here we monitor signals from the truck's running gear. The
[00:04:46] sensors are mounted beneath the trailer.
[00:04:50] This is the plug. This is the connector. It leads back to our data recording
[00:04:54] unit. So this is the sensor. Its data shows whether
[00:04:57] wheel loads are too high or too low. And exactly
[00:05:00] where current models can also detect brake defects
[00:05:04] campus, it drives in such as a brake failing on one side of the axle.
[00:05:08] on the axle, for example, a brake fails.
[00:05:12] fitted prototypes to five trucks now traveling across western
[00:05:16] Germany, but he manipulates the brakes for testing
[00:05:19] only on the university's own
[00:05:20] truck.
[00:05:24] This looks pretty wild. It's the brake fault simulator which
[00:05:28] allows us to deliberately manipulate the truck's
[00:05:30] brakes.
[00:05:34] Then it's off to the test track. The driver steers
[00:05:37] the truck through sudden water jets. The truck's performance
[00:05:40] is tested again and again.
[00:05:45] The sensors, the sensors I showed you earlier, record the secondary
[00:05:49] effects on the suspension,
[00:05:51] we can then analyze those effects using various modeling
[00:05:54] methods. The sensors beneath the trailer record
[00:05:58] everything and the software
[00:06:01] the test track, and for them it's more than just a
[00:06:05] job.
[00:06:09] Driving a truck is fun, of course, it's also a small highlight. The highlight of the
[00:06:13] project was doing the test drives ourselves,
[00:06:16] not just designing a system at a desk, installing it and
[00:06:20] monitoring it. Getting into the vehicle and then getting behind the wheel for the
[00:06:23] tests was a lot of fun. test drives, test driving,
[00:06:27] that was really fun. Truck
[00:06:30] driver Oscar Krauser is testing a prototype in western
[00:06:33] Germany. The sensors show exactly how the load is spread
[00:06:37] across the axles.
[00:06:40] Everything remains in the safe range.
[00:06:44] Previously he had to weigh his truck before and after
[00:06:47] loading.
[00:06:52] We no longer have to weigh the truck before and after because the system displays the
[00:06:55] weight. That saves us 10 to 20 minutes each time. By
[00:06:59] the end of the day that means at least one extra trip so I can transport another
[00:07:03] full load.
[00:07:06] The monitoring system can also help truck drivers avoid fines for
[00:07:10] overweight loads. The system
[00:07:12] should soon be available to interested
[00:07:14] buyers.
[00:07:18] The goal is to put it into practical use and get it onto the road,
[00:07:22] instead of letting the research disappear into a drawer. We're
[00:07:25] currently working with partners to industrialize the system by the end of
[00:07:29] 2026.
[00:07:32] The researchers estimate that the system will cost a few hundred
[00:07:35] euros.
[00:07:38] At any time, truck drivers could use a phone to view load
[00:07:41] distribution.
[00:08:12] Which routes need to be repaired
[00:08:14] first?
[00:08:19] Leaving the road for the field, we keep rolling with an
[00:08:22] AI-powered tractor that operates completely on its own without a
[00:08:26] driver.
[00:08:29] Here it is, a robot tractor programmed to
[00:08:33] detect and avoid any obstacle all on its own,
[00:08:36] but will it work?
[00:08:39] At the Technical University of Kaiserslautern... "The
[00:08:43] robot tractor is already driving safely from the barn to the
[00:08:46] field, at least in a computer simulation." Mechanical
[00:08:50] engineer Ika Gasson helped develop it. Now he and his
[00:08:54] colleagues are ready to test it outdoors. Over the
[00:08:57] past few months, Costton Barens and his team have packed the
[00:09:01] machine with AI systems. The goal is to build
[00:09:04] a tractor robot that can independently monitor, sow
[00:09:08] and cultivate
[00:09:09] crops.
[00:09:12] Starting from scratch, we've added things that we already
[00:09:15] tested on other vehicles and we also bought
[00:09:19] products that are already on the market. The big
[00:09:22] challenge is integrating all the
[00:09:24] subcomponents.
[00:09:27] The scientists at the German University have a lot of
[00:09:30] experience building autonomous vehicles. Much of the
[00:09:34] technology in this bus, for example, was developed
[00:09:37] here, specifically to improve safety in autonomous driving
[00:09:41] systems.
[00:10:13] During this test run on
[00:10:17] a loop, spotting obstacles like
[00:10:20] trees, lamps, buildings, uneven ground, and of
[00:10:23] course people.
[00:11:13] The data volume is overwhelming. There's all the point
[00:11:16] cloud data, the stereo camera data, the GPS data,
[00:11:20] way too much for the robot to handle directly, so we have
[00:11:24] to extract the essential parts, which is what the tractor uses to
[00:11:27] drive, in simple terms, it's what it sees and what it thinks is
[00:11:31] there.
[00:11:34] The initial test run showed the robot tractor is able to
[00:11:38] steer around obstacles like trees and lamp
[00:11:41] posts all on its own, until
[00:11:44] suddenly it isn't, and the team has to slam on the brakes.
[00:11:47] A pretty close
[00:11:49] call.
[00:11:54] The reviewed later to help the
[00:11:58] tractor become more autonomous. It's a
[00:12:00] step-by-step process of trial and
[00:12:03] error.
[00:12:07] For the next test, computer scientist Jacob will
[00:12:10] stand directly in the tractor's
[00:12:12] path.
[00:12:14] I programmed it, so if anyone has to suffer, it should be
[00:12:17] me.
[00:12:21] the day. This time the robot track.
[00:12:43] It recognizes important obstacles and buildings and that's absolutely essential, and so is the emergency stop
[00:12:46] system which also has to work. Without that
[00:12:50] you can't use it at all.
[00:12:53] Real-world experience is fed back into simulations,
[00:12:57] making the tractor more independent. In just a
[00:12:59] few years, it could be working the fields all on its
[00:13:03] own.
[00:13:07] What does it take to become an inventor? First, learning
[00:13:10] to live with failure. Inventors like Thomas Edison needed
[00:13:14] incredible patience and persistence, the American
[00:13:16] declaring that genius is 1% inspiration and
[00:13:19] 99% perspiration.
[00:13:22] You also need to question existing...
[00:13:29] That's what Ignat Semmelweis did when he introduced hand disinfection
[00:13:33] before and after medical examinations.
[00:13:36] In 19th-century Europe, the many women dying from infections after
[00:13:40] childbirth had previously been seen as an unavoidable
[00:13:43] tragedy.
[00:13:45] But here's something inventors don't necessarily need: above-average
[00:13:49] intelligence, and what does that even mean? Our viewer
[00:13:53] Ormina from Peru had a question.
[00:13:58] How is IQ measured?
[00:14:01] IQ stands for intelligence quotient, but an IQ
[00:14:04] test doesn't actually measure how smart or educated someone
[00:14:07] is. The first IQ test was developed in the early 20th
[00:14:11] century by psychologist Alfred Binet. His goal was
[00:14:15] simple: he wanted to identify children who might need extra support
[00:14:19] in school. Today, an IQ score mainly reflects
[00:14:22] how well someone can solve complex problems, recognize patterns
[00:14:26] and process information quickly.
[00:14:30] There are many different kinds of IQ tests. A common
[00:14:34] task involves completing a sequence of words or
[00:14:36] numbers. Here, the goal is to spot the
[00:14:40] pattern and think analytically.
[00:14:44] Another task uses geometric shapes that must be arranged or
[00:14:47] completed. These tasks measure abstract
[00:14:50] thinking. The faster and more accurately someone solves
[00:14:54] them, the more points they earn. The final
[00:14:57] number at the end is their IQ
[00:14:59] score.
[00:15:01] Most people score somewhere around 100, but a
[00:15:05] score of 130 doesn't automatically make someone a genius
[00:15:08] and 70 doesn't mean someone's
[00:15:10] unintelligent. The result may point to learning
[00:15:14] difficulties or simply show that a person is especially strong
[00:15:18] at solving logic problems.
[00:15:21] Today IQ tests are used in job applications and in scientific
[00:15:25] research. They can show how well someone recognizes
[00:15:28] patterns, navigates spatial problems, or
[00:15:32] works with
[00:15:32] language.
[00:15:36] But there's a lot measure:
[00:15:39] creativity, social and emotional
[00:15:42] intelligence, or hands-on practical
[00:15:45] skills.
[00:15:49] That's why IQ tests face ongoing criticism,
[00:15:52] especially since many of them are based on Western academic norms
[00:15:56] and a single number can never
[00:15:59] capture who a person truly
[00:16:01] is.
[00:16:04] What are stars made of?
[00:16:07] What colors can butterflies see? Could
[00:16:10] robots have babies one day? Do you
[00:16:13] have a science question? Then send it to us as a video, text or
[00:16:17] voice message. If we answer it in the show, then we'll send you a
[00:16:21] little gift as a thank you, so just
[00:16:24] ask.
[00:16:28] Scientists sometimes borrow clever ideas from plants and animals
[00:16:32] and turn them into new inventions. That's
[00:16:35] exactly what researchers in Switzerland did. The result
[00:16:38] is a battery made from fungi that produces electricity
[00:16:42] and once its job is done biodegrades almost
[00:16:44] completely. Mushrooms and electricity. How does that
[00:16:48] work?
[00:16:53] a huge variety of species in
[00:16:56] almost every shape and color
[00:17:00] and flourish in some very unlikely
[00:17:02] places. Some can even generate
[00:17:05] electricity. Working with researchers at Empa,
[00:17:09] Switzerland's Material Science Institute, Carolina Rayas
[00:17:12] developed a fungal fuel cell or fungal battery. Getting two
[00:17:16] different fungi to work together took years of
[00:17:19] experimentation. This is breaking down nutrients
[00:17:23] that we give it on one side, and it
[00:17:25] generates charged particles called
[00:17:28] electrons, and this is what goes from one
[00:17:32] side called the anode to the other side called the
[00:17:36] cathode. And on the other side we have this different kind of fungus
[00:17:39] called white rot. The
[00:17:42] team spent three years developing the fungal fuel cell. It
[00:17:46] was a delicate balancing act.
[00:17:49] Fungi are living organisms and need exactly the right
[00:17:52] conditions: not too warm, not too
[00:17:55] cold, not too moist and not too
[00:17:58] dry.
[00:18:01] One of the biggest challenges was to try and make the
[00:18:04] electrode material and not kill the fungus
[00:18:08] in the mechanical process of
[00:18:10] mixing. The fungal cells are mixed into
[00:18:13] cellulose-based inks made conductive by carbon
[00:18:16] particles. A 3D printer then forms the two
[00:18:20] living electrodes at the heart of the fuel
[00:18:22] cell.
[00:18:25] Beeswax casing holds the cell
[00:18:27] together. Add water and nutrients and the
[00:18:31] dormant fungi spring into action.
[00:18:34] The cell now begins producing electricity. Apart from
[00:18:38] its removable copper contacts, it's made from biodegradable
[00:18:41] materials. Conventional batteries, by
[00:18:44] contrast, need special collection and recycling, but
[00:18:48] many still end up in household
[00:18:50] waste.
[00:18:53] They end up in the trash, contributing to the growing problem of electronic
[00:18:57] waste. This is where batteries like ours could perhaps play
[00:19:01] a
[00:19:01] part.
[00:19:05] One possible application is environmental
[00:19:08] monitoring, powering sensors that track
[00:19:11] temperature, soil moisture or water
[00:19:14] quality.
[00:19:20] tiny current, making it suitable only for very low
[00:19:23] energy
[00:19:24] sensors.
[00:19:27] Hans Joachim Nägel, of the Zurich University of Applied
[00:19:31] Sciences, also studies fungal
[00:19:33] materials. He says that for now, fungal fuel
[00:19:37] cells can't compete with conventional batteries or rechargeable
[00:19:40] cells.
[00:19:43] Fungal batteries are still at the basic research stage. It will take years
[00:19:46] before they become commercially available, but they could
[00:19:49] eventually be useful for environmental sensors in places
[00:19:52] where recovering the devices is difficult, especially if the power source
[00:19:56] can biodegrade after use. That would be a major
[00:19:58] market.
[00:20:03] The idea may hold promise for the
[00:20:05] future,
[00:20:07] but for this particular cell, the end has already
[00:20:09] begun.
[00:20:12] Yes, you can see this one has already,
[00:20:16] yeah, started to fall
[00:20:18] apart.
[00:20:21] Apart from the copper contacts, most of the fungal battery gradually
[00:20:24] biodegrades, leaving behind little more than a tiny lump of
[00:20:28] compost.
[00:20:34] Where can new discoveries lead? Often, even the
[00:20:37] scientists behind it don't know where the journey will take them.
[00:20:41] Open, independent research with no fixed outcome in mind has
[00:20:44] sparked countless
[00:20:45] innovations.
[00:20:49] But what happens when a breakthrough isn't just useful in civilian life,
[00:20:52] but could also be used by the
[00:20:54] military?
[00:20:59] A wind tunnel in central Germany. Researchers
[00:21:02] here are putting drones to the test. Drones are
[00:21:05] widely used in farming, conservation and
[00:21:09] them take to the skies, there's a growing
[00:21:12] problem.
[00:21:15] A drone doesn't just fly, it also produces electromagnetic
[00:21:19] interference.
[00:21:28] And of course drones can interfere with each other
[00:21:30] too, but other drones are not the only
[00:21:33] factor. Wind and movement also change signal
[00:21:36] patterns. In this wind tunnel, researchers work under
[00:21:40] controlled conditions. The goal is to make drones safer, but
[00:21:43] the research could also backfire. Deliberately disrupting
[00:21:46] signals can force drones to land.
[00:21:50] Today's security environment makes this research highly relevant, and
[00:21:54] I'm not just talking about Ukraine. Drones
[00:21:57] appear over airports and no one knows whether they're friendly, cooperative
[00:22:03] them.
[00:22:06] This is dual use: research with civilian applications that may
[00:22:10] also serve military or security
[00:22:12] purposes. Awareness has grown in recent
[00:22:16] years. Some researchers may have never considered these questions.
[00:22:50] of our free democratic order are challenging the freedom and
[00:22:53] independence of science. At home, the threat comes from political
[00:22:56] extremists. Abroad, we see risks from Russia, China and
[00:23:00] Iran. Even in the United States, academic freedom is under
[00:23:04] pressure. The security debate is also
[00:23:07] reshaping medical research. At Hanover Medical School, doctors
[00:23:11] use portable perfusion systems to transport donor organs.
[00:23:15] Thanks to ex-vivo perfusion, oxygenated fluid circulates through
[00:23:19] organs, preserved.
[00:23:37] An emergency almost begins to look like a planned
[00:23:40] operation. There's less pressure on surgical
[00:23:43] teams. We're no longer racing against the six-hour deadline
[00:23:46] to get the heart into the recipient.
[00:23:51] Now researchers are applying the same principles to severed
[00:23:54] limbs. The need is particularly stark in wartime, as
[00:23:58] in Ukraine, but it could also help victims of traffic
[00:24:01] accidents.
[00:24:06] There are various scenarios where a portable system would be
[00:24:08] valuable. Emergency teams could use it to preserve
[00:24:12] severed limbs during transport, including in military
[00:24:15] settings.
[00:24:20] The security landscape also brings difficult choices: science
[00:24:23] depends on openness and exchange, but researchers must now
[00:24:27] weigh the benefits against the risks of misuse and espionage.
[00:24:30] Drone researchers face the same dilemma. From
[00:24:34] my experience, all these, in my
[00:24:37] experience, crises and conflicts disrupt basic research
[00:24:40] first. They change the conditions for long-term planning
[00:24:44] and redirect funding, because new priorities have to be paid
[00:24:47] for. Most of all, they make.
[00:25:22] Research is seeking a new balance between innovation, openness and
[00:25:26] responsibility. International cooperation must continue in a
[00:25:30] world that's become much harder to
[00:25:31] navigate.
[00:25:35] Now it's your turn to get inventive. Who knows what
[00:25:38] you'll come up with? We might just make our next story about
[00:25:42] you. Thanks for watching. Don't forget to keep your eyes
[00:25:46] open and see you next time tomorrow, today.
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