N1BOS — broadcast
20261029 220000 UTC
466 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
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[00:00:00] about governing through institutions, that's a story about
[00:00:04] the need to stop corruption, that's a story
[00:00:07] about the money that has so far gone into hundreds of millions
[00:00:11] towards corruption, to be
[00:00:13] used for improving the living standard of all citizens, I
[00:00:17] think that is a basis on which to work,
[00:00:20] and finally, I want to ask you one more thing, in
[00:00:24] the Security Council of the United Nations tomorrow, the OHR report will be read,
[00:00:27] in which there are a number of criticisms against
[00:00:31] the authorities in Republika Srpska, do you think that lobbying in
[00:00:35] Washington will manage to amortize the messages of Luis
[00:00:37] Krischuk?
[00:00:41] I'm not very optimistic, it made more sense to me that if they already had some
[00:00:45] influence, they would have done it by now, but here you see, two
[00:00:48] days, already two full days they
[00:00:51] are silent, uh, isn't it illogical
[00:00:55] that a report written by an
[00:00:59] American
[00:01:01] and sent to the Security Council is the worst report for
[00:01:05] Republika Srpska in history,
[00:01:07] we know that in previous years exactly to Washington went
[00:01:11] tens of tens of millions of
[00:01:13] citizens of Republika Srpska and it
[00:01:16] would be logical to tell us uh why are
[00:01:20] such negative effects of their lobbying, because according to
[00:01:24] what we see, in a way, it is clear that they
[00:01:28] spent that money on you. on a small number of officials,
[00:01:31] their family members and associates, that they only
[00:01:35] thought about how to do something good for themselves, here I
[00:01:39] ask you, have you noticed, has anyone noticed
[00:01:43] regarding the annulment of decisions by the HR, regarding perhaps
[00:01:47] additional independence, regarding the return of competencies that
[00:01:50] were once at the level of Republika Srpska and then transferred to the level of
[00:01:54] BH, do we have on these issues even one
[00:01:58] single position of the American admin'? stration that
[00:02:01] is forward towards Republika Srpska, we don't, which
[00:02:05] means that those tens, some say hundreds of millions
[00:02:08] were used only for improving the personal position
[00:02:11] of a certain personal gain, marketing or some
[00:02:14] other for one, for a small circle of people in Republika
[00:02:18] Srpska, so if they couldn't through their lobbying channels
[00:02:21] secure a better report
[00:02:24] from one of the main people
[00:02:28] of American diplomacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina who currently leads the OHR,
[00:02:32] then it is illogical to expect that now that report is already
[00:02:36] there, they will be able to do something to soften it or
[00:02:40] as you said, mitigate it or
[00:02:42] further amortize it. Mr. Crnadak, thank you for your time
[00:02:46] what you said today live on 11
[00:02:49] TV. Thank you. Igor
[00:02:53] Cenadak, President of the PDP of Republika Srpska was with us for the past 20
[00:02:57] minutes. Day live continues. Stay tuned to N1.
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[00:04:24] this can be only 3D,
[00:04:27] great.
[00:04:46] What are this lot doing? What's with all the
[00:04:49] dancing, the leder hosen and the
[00:04:52] beer? And where do they originally hail from? The
[00:04:55] mysterious Bavarians. New archaeological finds show that even
[00:04:59] one and a half thousand years ago they were sturdily built, well
[00:05:03] nourished and tall.
[00:05:07] This and more on DW Science show. Welcome to
[00:05:10] Tomorrow today.
[00:05:17] untold treasures lie hidden here beneath the
[00:05:20] soil, 40 artifacts and remains have
[00:05:24] already been
[00:05:25] recovered.
[00:05:28] we were very surprised when it turned out to be so extensive with so many
[00:05:32] finds, we couldn't have anticipated
[00:05:34] that
[00:05:40] southern. the plan had been to... build houses on this
[00:05:43] stretch of land, 62 single family homes, but then
[00:05:47] archeologists made a sensational discovery.
[00:05:50] over 1,400 years ago, the bawari or
[00:05:54] early Bavarians made this place their home, a small town grew
[00:05:58] up with houses, workshops, streets and a cemetery, which makes
[00:06:02] the finds at Bergland particularly
[00:06:04] special.
[00:06:07] usually you have either graves or evidence of
[00:06:10] settlements. it's far less common
[00:06:20] so when you discover that people didn't just die an area but actually
[00:06:24] lived there too, then that's a completely different
[00:06:27] situation, ganz andere
[00:06:29] situation, here where archaeologists are
[00:06:32] currently working their way forward centimeter by centimeter with
[00:06:36] pickaxes, they used to be kind of industrial area,
[00:06:39] a whole row of so-called pit houses. discoloration in the
[00:06:43] soil indicates where the floor was and where posts were embedded in the
[00:06:47] ground.
[00:06:50] first a pit was dug, and around it, or even inside the
[00:06:53] pit, additional wooden posts were set, and top of
[00:06:57] those a roof. und darauf wurde dann it is
[00:07:00] basically like a small basement
[00:07:02] apartment.
[00:07:06] the pit houses served as workshops. the excavations
[00:07:09] also uncovered lumps of slag, suggests
[00:07:13] that iron was processed in some of the erthern
[00:07:16] huts.
[00:07:20] The early Bavarians in this region it seems were pretty skilled
[00:07:23] blacksmiths. Swords were in high demand during this
[00:07:27] period.
[00:07:33] The late 8th century was very much marked by conflict and so
[00:07:37] the focus then was on weapons production.
[00:07:41] This lump of clay points. to another trade that was practiced in the miners
[00:07:45] houses, weaving.
[00:07:47] lumps like this served as weights to ensure that the threads
[00:07:51] remained tot on the
[00:07:52] loom.
[00:07:56] it's likely that the fabrics were produced for
[00:07:58] export.
[00:08:04] more was produced than was consumed here, that's what we can assume, and
[00:08:08] trade was already taking place at that time, both in textiles and in.
[00:08:15] Today Bergland is a small municipality with just under
[00:08:18] 30 residents. The evidence suggests that
[00:08:21] 1,400 years ago rather larger settlement
[00:08:25] existed
[00:08:25] here.
[00:08:30] We can assume that during the early middle ages area of six to seven
[00:08:33] hectares was settled here, which is significantly larger than contemporary
[00:08:37] settlements.
[00:08:40] The stony soil on the gravel. plane around Bergland has ensured that
[00:08:44] these seventh century skeletons have been
[00:08:47] well-preserved. So far 70 graves have been
[00:08:50] discovered. The bawari were Christians and so we're
[00:08:54] buried facing east, but what can we learn from the bones
[00:08:58] themselves?
[00:09:02] What we can say so far is that this is probably female
[00:09:05] burial. Among the grave goods we see a
[00:09:08] belt buckle which is well preserved.
[00:09:12] and here on the thigh there was also a small
[00:09:14] knife,
[00:09:17] we've seen that in several other female burials as well, a small knife
[00:09:21] lying on the side,
[00:09:25] judging by the grave goods, the bawari from bagland were well
[00:09:28] to do people, many were buried with swords,
[00:09:32] women often wore valuable jewelry, each grave
[00:09:35] find is documented with a hand drawn
[00:09:38] sketch,
[00:09:41] the bones... also indicate that these people were well
[00:09:44] nourished,
[00:09:47] some of them were surprisingly tall, nearly 1 m
[00:09:50] 80, though most were a bit
[00:09:52] shorter.
[00:09:56] the average height for the women is around 1,60, sometimes slightly
[00:10:00] less, sometimes slightly more, well for men it's about 10
[00:10:03] centimeters taller, so 170,
[00:10:06] 172. the artifacts offer a unique
[00:10:10] glimpse into the past to when the tribal of Bavaria had
[00:10:13] just been formed, all of the artifacts are being carefully examined
[00:10:17] by the state office for the preservation of historical monuments, including this
[00:10:21] broach.
[00:10:55] a connection to our own ancestors, to our
[00:10:57] past and start to understand that they weren't all that different to
[00:11:01] us,
[00:11:04] even then the people here were connected to the whole world, that's
[00:11:08] clear from the jewelry found in the
[00:11:10] graves,
[00:11:13] the white stones in the broach likely came from India,
[00:11:17] but where was the broach
[00:11:18] made?
[00:11:22] I'd suggest that it doesn't come from a workshop here in Bavaria. but more
[00:11:25] likely further west. We know, for instance, that the lady was dressed
[00:11:29] according to the fashion of the time, and this basic
[00:11:32] pattern follows what we might call a French style, which was prevalent in
[00:11:35] Paris around
[00:11:36] 600.
[00:11:40] It was a cosmopolitan population that settled
[00:11:43] here. After the fall of the Roman empire, a wide variety
[00:11:47] of ethnic groups had intermingled, including
[00:11:49] Romans, kelts, Germanic tribes and
[00:11:52] goths.
[00:11:55] Eventually this people came to be known as the Bavarians
[00:11:58] and the region where they lived,
[00:12:01] Bavaria.
[00:12:06] Bavaria was, just like today, key region from which the Alps
[00:12:09] could be crossed, and that's why it had to be secured including
[00:12:12] militarily. This was true for the Carolinians as well, later,
[00:12:16] so yes, it was of great strategic importance and played a key role
[00:12:20] politically too.
[00:12:23] The archaeological excavation. have pushed the planned development
[00:12:27] of this area back by several years and
[00:12:31] the municipality has to pay the archaeologists too, of
[00:12:34] course. the whole project will cost about
[00:12:37] 500,000,
[00:12:41] but the mayor and the town council are proud of the discoveries made
[00:12:44] here. they now know that bergland was
[00:12:48] settled far earlier than was previously
[00:12:50] believed.
[00:12:54] in der, also wir... "we were first mentioned in historical records
[00:12:57] in 793 AD, and if you look at the archaeological
[00:13:01] finds, we're actually much older than that, anschaut, dann sa noch deutlich
[00:13:05] älter. the archaeologists don't intend
[00:13:08] to excavate the entire four hectare
[00:13:11] site.
[00:13:14] much of it is to be left alone in order to preserve the relics
[00:13:18] beneath for future
[00:13:19] generations.
[00:13:23] the longer the artifacts remain in the..." ground, the better for
[00:13:26] research. my own curiosity has certainly been
[00:13:29] satisfied by what we have already found, but my successors may
[00:13:32] want to know much more, so we need to take a long-term view on it
[00:13:35] all. hardly any other
[00:13:39] archaeological site tells us so much about the people who lived,
[00:13:42] worked and traded in Bavaria 1,400 years
[00:13:46] ago. the ancestors of the people we
[00:13:49] today call
[00:13:50] Bavarians.
[00:14:01] Do you have science question? Then send
[00:14:04] it to us as a video, text or voice message.
[00:14:08] If we answer it on the show, then we'll send you a little gift as a thank
[00:14:11] you. So, just
[00:14:13] ask.
[00:14:16] Is there water on the moon?
[00:14:19] At first glance, the moon looks a bit like a desert, and for
[00:14:23] a long time scientists were sure that... was water on
[00:14:26] it, now though we know that there is, but
[00:14:30] where is it? and could we use
[00:14:31] it?
[00:14:35] most of the moon's water is found its south
[00:14:37] pole. many craters there have no access to
[00:14:41] sunlight, and says NASA, are some of the coldest
[00:14:44] parts of the entire solar system. the water here
[00:14:48] is permanent ice, some has been frozen for 3.5
[00:14:51] billion years. temperatures are as low as min2.
[00:14:56] The LRO lunar orbitor revealed that there
[00:15:00] is ice lying just below the surface here, either as solid
[00:15:03] deposits or mixed with lunar dust, and there's a lot of
[00:15:07] it. Estimates suggest hundreds of millions of metric
[00:15:10] tons. There's also water in
[00:15:14] moondust, what's known as lunar regulith.
[00:15:18] NASA's Lady mission showed that when rocks from space strike the
[00:15:22] moon's surface.
[00:15:25] They kick up not only dust, but also traces of water, even in
[00:15:28] areas subject to sunlight,
[00:15:31] and they are traces. The Sahara desert contains around
[00:15:35] 100 times more water than lunar.
[00:15:37] dust.
[00:15:41] Can we access it? That's something for future lunar
[00:15:45] missions to find out. Either way, it
[00:15:48] won't be easy to extract. Temperatures
[00:15:51] are very low, the terrain is difficult, and it'll take a lot of
[00:15:55] tech.
[00:15:58] Water access will be crucial for future lunar
[00:16:00] missions. It could be treated and turned into drinking
[00:16:04] water, or broken down into... its
[00:16:07] components, hydrogen and oxygen, using
[00:16:10] electrolysis.
[00:16:13] These could be used for breathing or for rocket
[00:16:15] fuel.
[00:16:18] Until then, however, astronauts will still have to bring their water with
[00:16:21] them from
[00:16:22] earth.
[00:16:30] Space exploration is all the rage among gens ears.
[00:16:34] That's because it boasts more opportunities than ever before.
[00:16:37] SpaceX and Blue Origin as well as numerous satellite startups are
[00:16:41] stirring things up. It's no
[00:16:44] longer just government agencies that get to explore up
[00:16:47] there. The space industry is
[00:16:50] expanding and attracting
[00:16:53] talent.
[00:17:00] With the help of this simulator Alias Loisell is training his mining
[00:17:04] skills. He hopes to one day extract raw materials far.
[00:17:07] away on the moon. studies space technologies at the
[00:17:11] fryberg university of mining and technology in eastern germany and has
[00:17:15] big plans.
[00:17:18] it would be cool to have the opportunity to go to the moon, but on the other hand, it's also
[00:17:21] really cool just to be part of developing all of this and to find solutions
[00:17:25] essential for it to work, solutions without which it wouldn't be
[00:17:28] possible.
[00:17:31] extracting raw materials in space is laborious, dangerous
[00:17:35] work. the low gravity makes it... difficult as do the meter thick layers
[00:17:39] of lunar dust and the lethal radiation, a challenge for the
[00:17:43] scientists.
[00:17:46] We're looking for simple, hardwaring solutions that are robust. On the
[00:17:50] moon, you can't easily repair equipment, for example, so everything has to
[00:17:53] be lightweight, reliable, and robust.
[00:17:57] Like this Rover, for example, developed by students here at the
[00:18:00] university. It moves across the rugged lunar surface,
[00:18:04] locating, extracting and transporting raw materials.
[00:18:08] Soon it'll be possible to produce rovers like this on the moon
[00:18:11] itself.
[00:18:15] 3D printing is key. We're already able to print entire
[00:18:18] cars and so we want to use this technology to produce rovers
[00:18:21] directly on the moon using local materials, rather than
[00:18:25] having to transport every single piece of material we need to the
[00:18:29] moon.
[00:18:32] A crude lunar landing is planned for 2028 as
[00:18:36] part of the artemis form. mission: the plan is to
[00:18:39] then build a lunar station up there. It will be too
[00:18:42] expensive to restock this base with deliveries from earth, so
[00:18:46] astronauts will need to use resources very
[00:18:48] carefully.
[00:18:52] lunar astronauts will have to breathe the same air over and over, drink
[00:18:56] the same water, eat the same carrots, recycle like
[00:18:59] crazy, and by finding solutions, we're developing
[00:19:02] technologies that are useful on earth too.
[00:19:06] data collected by the Artemis 2 mission, which launched in April
[00:19:10] 2026, will be used to prepare for the planned crude
[00:19:13] lunar landing in
[00:19:14] 2028.
[00:19:20] This is what dwellings on the moon could look
[00:19:22] like.
[00:19:25] Together with the European space agency, London-based Design
[00:19:29] and Architecture firm Hassel has developed a master plan for
[00:19:33] modular lunar base in which human beings could work and live
[00:19:37] longter. one big challenge is the lunar
[00:19:40] radiation, so thick walls could be
[00:19:42] essential, but how to build
[00:19:45] them, we're not going to bring our own concrete
[00:19:49] to build shell structures or caves to protect our
[00:19:53] astronots, we better use local materials, so therefore
[00:19:56] we're going to use regulate, which is lunar dust to
[00:20:00] create blocks that then what we call tetrapods that
[00:20:04] we can actually interconnect and create these structures, these shell.
[00:20:07] structures, caveel structures under which our
[00:20:10] astronous can live inside their inflatable
[00:20:14] habitats. It sounds great, and the
[00:20:18] model looks impressive too, but what about putting it into
[00:20:21] practice?
[00:20:24] researcher is helping to develop the building material.
[00:20:28] Although there are abundant supplies of regulis on
[00:20:31] the moon.
[00:20:34] It isn't necessarily suitable as building material. Regalith
[00:20:38] is a bit like sand, which means if you melt it, it vitrifies, so it
[00:20:42] turns to glass like sand. An alternative
[00:20:45] however is to cinter it. Cintering is similar to firing
[00:20:48] clay. completely melt the regulis, but it does make the grains
[00:20:52] soft enough so that they can bond together, and afterwards you
[00:20:56] end up with a porous, solid composite material which could be used
[00:20:59] to make something like bricks for example, bricks you could then use
[00:21:03] to build walls with. we also use heat resistant
[00:21:06] plastics for 3D printing, and we mix in
[00:21:09] regalith to boost the overall volume, that way we can achieve a
[00:21:13] larger volume and so need to take less plastic with us for
[00:21:16] printing,
[00:21:20] official high temperature printer, it's even possible to process pure
[00:21:23] regulith. It can be used its own or mixed with
[00:21:27] plastic. 3D printing has great potential for lunar
[00:21:30] construction work. NASA conducted tests with
[00:21:34] large format printers. One good option is to design
[00:21:38] lightweight inflatable structures and then clad them in
[00:21:41] regalis.
[00:21:45] And the plan would be to incorporate the assistance of small
[00:21:48] robots. What at first? looks like vacuum cleaner is
[00:21:52] actually mobile 3d printer. it applies
[00:21:56] regalice layer by layer directly onto the lightweight base
[00:21:59] structure. all this is still just vision, but
[00:22:03] this or something similar could be what living on the moon looks like one
[00:22:07] day. humanity is heading off to new realms and this
[00:22:10] exploratory urge drives researchers
[00:22:13] too.
[00:22:20] the astronauts walking around, find myself thinking, wow, i'm
[00:22:24] really working on these frontiers that we're currently pushing
[00:22:26] back. i'm working on lunar projects is
[00:22:30] incredibly inspiring, it fills me with enthusiasm, and i'm
[00:22:34] so grateful to be allowed to be so close to it all, it's totally
[00:22:37] crazy, das ist total
[00:22:39] verrückt.
[00:22:42] imagine it's the year 3000. what would
[00:22:45] archaeologists dig up from our time? very likely bits of
[00:22:48] plastic and fragments of synthetic clothing, which are
[00:22:52] already found in dense layers in the ground, thanks to our
[00:22:55] appetite for disposable
[00:22:57] fashion.
[00:23:01] t-shirts emblasoned with the latest designs, bang on
[00:23:04] trend, super short distressed look hot pants,
[00:23:08] must have. the latest fast fashion
[00:23:12] collections will doubtless have a shorter product life cycle
[00:23:16] as ever.com.
[00:23:50] first place, it's destroyed, burned, disposed of, that means
[00:23:53] more than half of what we produce goes straight into the
[00:23:57] trash, unused, that in itself is a massive
[00:24:01] problem,
[00:24:04] and fast fashion giants like primark seem almost
[00:24:07] harmless in comparison to online chinese sellers like
[00:24:11] shien, which are more about ultra fast
[00:24:14] fashion,
[00:24:20] significantly shorter, things need to be replaced more quickly and consumption
[00:24:23] increases, ever more products are bought, and as a result the mountain
[00:24:27] of waste generated by this short-lived system continues to
[00:24:30] grow. at the federal environment agency in
[00:24:34] Desaw, eastern Germany, scientists like Karim Zaidi are
[00:24:38] working on ways to make textiles last
[00:24:41] longer by creating a digital
[00:24:43] profile
[00:24:46] for each garment. durch den digitalen Produktpass erlangt der.
[00:24:50] a consumer who wants to buy an item of clothing in a store, for
[00:24:53] example, can scan a QR code and will
[00:24:56] directly access a platform where they can retrieve product
[00:24:59] information. there is a whole range of product information
[00:25:03] currently being considered, one
[00:25:06] might be the durability of the fibers used in the
[00:25:09] textiles, in other words, how long-lasting is the
[00:25:12] fiber i'm about to buy, other product
[00:25:14] information could be the garments ecological or carbon
[00:25:17] footprint.
[00:25:20] And here's how it works: production origin, material
[00:25:24] mix, recyclability: just scan the QR code
[00:25:27] and the digital label opens up on your phone, making the
[00:25:31] garment a traceable product with its own individual
[00:25:34] identity.
[00:25:38] We hope that the digital product passport will make products more
[00:25:41] durable, more robust, and easier to repair, dass
[00:25:45] die Rohstoffe, and that the raw
[00:25:47] materials in them can be reused.
[00:26:32] of applied sciences, Elizabeth Epinger
[00:26:35] investigates the sustainability of fibers and textiles by putting them
[00:26:39] to the test in the laboratory.
[00:26:42] Most fast fashion items are not made to
[00:26:45] last, it takes just few test cycles to
[00:26:48] reveal weaknesses, although these can easily be
[00:26:52] missed in the
[00:26:53] store.
[00:26:57] Here you can see that it is already opened along this edge, it's come
[00:27:01] completely undone.
[00:28:02] style sector, it's clear that things are getting
[00:28:04] worse,
[00:28:07] and it's not just brands associated with ultra fast fashion that are doing
[00:28:11] it, we see the same trend in higher price segments as
[00:28:14] well.
[00:28:17] it's far from the case that higher prices mean better
[00:28:20] quality, and no matter how much it costs,
[00:28:23] isn't fashion by its very nature,
[00:28:26] fleeting,
[00:28:28] sustainable fashion like that sold in this slow fashion store in.
[00:28:32] Berlin remains a niche concept, and even if consumers are
[00:28:36] given more information about how a garment is made, will they
[00:28:39] actually use it, and how much does this information influence
[00:28:43] purchasing decisions anyway?
[00:28:46] Oliver McConnell, innovation strategist and fashion expert has
[00:28:50] his reservations about the digital product
[00:28:52] passport.
[00:28:56] We see the appealing aspects of fast fashion, the trendy styles, the
[00:29:00] instant gratification.
[00:30:08] Following a preparatory and introductory phase beginning in
[00:30:12] 2027, the digital product passport for
[00:30:15] textiles in the EU is set to come into effect in
[00:30:18] 2028.
[00:30:26] Archaeological discoveries,
[00:30:30] water on the moon and building.
[00:30:48] What is a smart loan? Sparkasse
[00:30:51] housing and non-purpose loan without processing fees and with
[00:30:55] the possibility of a lower interest rate for a non-purpose loan.
[00:30:59] Sparkasse Bank.