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[00:00:00] consequences, from decisions in Washington to consequences for
[00:00:03] Europe, our region. What changes does this election
[00:00:07] night bring and what do the results mean for Donald Trump,
[00:00:10] we bring directly from the American capital.
[00:00:13] American congressional elections. November 3, election
[00:00:16] night on N1.
[00:01:50] to osteoporosis as such and
[00:02:12] Every third woman over 50 will suffer a fracture due to
[00:02:16] osteoporosis, the bone does not hurt and there is no warning until it
[00:02:19] breaks. Osteoporosis is therefore called the silent thief of bones, and
[00:02:23] menopause is the moment when that thief most often enters the
[00:02:26] door. What is the connection between bone hormones?
[00:02:30] who are most at risk and what can we do in time, Dr.
[00:02:33] Mirsad Muftijić, a specialist in physiatry, my guest this morning, to whom I wish a good
[00:02:37] morning and welcome to a new day. Good morning to you and your viewers. We tried
[00:02:41] to somehow show
[00:02:44] this in the form of buildings, now
[00:02:47] a little house, yes, how good this will be or not, but I believe it will be
[00:02:51] picturesque and will certainly leave a mark on our viewers, so
[00:02:55] the bone as a building, estrogen as a security guard at the
[00:02:58] entrance when... "the demolishers work faster than
[00:03:02] the builders, who are the demolishers, who are the builders and how does this, doctor,
[00:03:06] resonate with what we want to talk about bones? Well, in
[00:03:10] our body, bone is living matter, meaning that in a few
[00:03:13] years, all bone cells change. There are bone cells
[00:03:17] that make bone osteoblasts, those are the positive,
[00:03:20] good osteoclasts that dissolve bone. In society, you have people who
[00:03:23] act positively and those who act negatively. Estrogen is the guardian
[00:03:27] of bones in women in this case. Mhm...
[00:03:30] There is always some balance, with the fact that between the ages of 25
[00:03:34] and 30, there are more osteoblasts, so the bone is stronger,
[00:03:37] harder, the white cubes the house is strong, the house is
[00:03:40] strong. We enter early menopause, which is a bigger
[00:03:43] problem, or normal menopause. Now,
[00:03:46] estrogen slowly leaves the body, it's no longer there. These
[00:03:49] osteoclasts, the destroyers, start to dissolve bone more.
[00:03:53] Now, these are those porous things, that's our bone now, that
[00:03:56] internal network, the internal network of bones means...
[00:04:00] "the bone beams are thinner,
[00:04:02] the bone mineral density is thinner, the bones are
[00:04:05] prone to fractures and changes, mhm, that is
[00:04:09] actually what happens when a natural
[00:04:13] phase occurs in every woman's life, that is
[00:04:16] menopause. Uh, how much
[00:04:19] there is actually little knowledge about the connection
[00:04:22] between menopause and what it does to our bones, i.e.
[00:04:25] the osteoporosis it causes? Well, mostly we later, we
[00:04:29] talk..." about fractures, about fractures, about complications
[00:04:32] of osteoporosis. I always like to say that osteoporosis is a pediatric
[00:04:36] disease with geriatric consequences. So, if our viewers
[00:04:40] look at this house now, then they should understand that their
[00:04:43] children should eat quality, good food,
[00:04:46] properly, lots of protein, lots of minerals, so that
[00:04:49] house would be as strong as possible, so that there would be as
[00:04:52] few of these small black windows as possible. So, in
[00:04:57] that also affects childhood we build bones, we build a bone bank, a bone structure bank, so that when our
[00:05:01] estrogen guardian is no longer there, that bank can slowly give
[00:05:04] those interests and give us as much bone health as possible. So, that's it,
[00:05:08] bones are preserved in early
[00:05:10] good. with geriatric consequences, when
[00:05:14] it's already too late, that's the problem. Yes, now we will
[00:05:18] actually show here how important those first
[00:05:21] years are, especially in menopause. This graphic shows
[00:05:24] us, doctor, what? Well, this
[00:05:27] graphic actually shows us that we have, so there is female
[00:05:30] osteoporosis, male osteoporosis. However, in women
[00:05:33] it occurs much earlier, unfortunately, in menopause we see
[00:05:37] that we can lose a fifth of the skeleton in five
[00:05:41] years, the first... during menopause. Not every woman
[00:05:44] has to lose that much, we again go back to the previous slide and
[00:05:48] the previous story, if we have built up bones well enough, then we will
[00:05:52] lose less. Men in their 50s and 60s
[00:05:55] slowly start to lose this
[00:05:58] calcium content, generally bone mass and
[00:06:01] mineral density becomes lower. Somewhere in their 80s,
[00:06:05] female and male osteoporosis
[00:06:08] become the same, they become the same, so, however, this
[00:06:11] peak... "the problem is early menopause in women before
[00:06:15] 45, 50, there we have a large drop in bone
[00:06:19] density, there can be all those complications of osteoporosis which are
[00:06:22] within osteoporotic fractures actually the most severe complication.
[00:06:26] When we talk, well, about those first years which are crucial, let's just
[00:06:29] make, so for those who are still looking for themselves in that
[00:06:33] time uh, yes, interval
[00:06:36] of menopause, or perimenopause, or that
[00:06:39] ovarian insufficiency which can occur even before the age of 40."
[00:06:43] Well, we said that female sex hormones, i.e., estrogen, protect
[00:06:47] bones. If a woman enters early
[00:06:50] menopause due to ovarian disease, due to genetics,
[00:06:54] uh, it happens that that peak becomes faster and
[00:06:57] the bone deteriorates faster. So, these are women who are more susceptible
[00:07:02] to complications of osteoporosis. In men, it goes a bit slower,
[00:07:06] however, many times people forget
[00:07:10] that severe pain in a person... 35 years
[00:07:13] they go for everything else except osteoporosis. There is so-called senile male
[00:07:17] osteoporosis which appears after 70,
[00:07:20] 80, almost an equal number of women and men at that
[00:07:23] age. So, the moment we think about bone
[00:07:27] health, we must think about both male and female sex, it's just that the
[00:07:31] female sex is more insufficient and
[00:07:33] more somehow
[00:07:37] prone to osteoporosis faster, at higher risk,
[00:07:41] so that's for women. Up to 40, if they have early
[00:07:45] menopau early menopause, perimenopause, or menopause,
[00:07:48] until what interval does that go, or for women who certainly suffer
[00:07:52] uh symptoms, consequences, that's right. Well, in the
[00:07:55] first five years, that's the biggest, you know, in the first five years we should do
[00:07:58] a bone density assessment and see where we are, see where we are, so
[00:08:02] that's a very important thing to assess. The worst
[00:08:06] thing is to think that it won't happen to us, if it won't happen to someone,
[00:08:09] that's something that we shouldn't because it's... what is quickly called
[00:08:13] a silent epidemic, meaning it doesn't hurt. It would be good if
[00:08:16] it hurt, because then due to the pain, the patient would go
[00:08:19] to the doctor, would do some examination, bone
[00:08:22] density, CT, X-ray, mineral
[00:08:25] laboratory, it would be seen that we have an imbalance, and at this moment it doesn't hurt
[00:08:28] and at the moment it hurts or when a small fall leads to
[00:08:32] a fracture, then we say it's already a little late. Yes, that's our next
[00:08:36] graphic, that's actually what I want to show, so who
[00:08:39] should, doctor, especially pay attention, because you say it's a fracture. They
[00:08:42] just happen, they don't hurt, osteoporosis doesn't
[00:08:46] hurt. Are there any
[00:08:48] symptoms, well, what are the
[00:08:51] red alarms, yellow or blue in this
[00:08:55] case of ours so that there could be that risk? Well, what
[00:08:59] you have here on this slide is well shown, first, this
[00:09:02] really early menopause, that's our, that's our red flag,
[00:09:06] a red flag that we must do and we need to do a bone
[00:09:09] density assessment to see what and how, however, when we see...
[00:09:13] mm patients with petite constitution, short stature,
[00:09:16] thin bones, simply such genetics, they are
[00:09:20] also suspect to us that they could enter early
[00:09:23] osteoporosis, uh, patients who have long-term
[00:09:27] use of corticosteroids,
[00:09:29] patients with rheumatic diseases, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, they
[00:09:33] also, and what is very important is to ask patients,
[00:09:37] a patient often says in the anamnesis, "But we might
[00:09:40] not hear it well, like I could reach my cup, now
[00:09:44] I can't anymore." This means she has shrunk, she has decreased, she is not, simply no one tells
[00:09:48] her that she has lost body height, to find her body
[00:09:51] height from before. That's why it's very important when visiting
[00:09:54] the doctor for the first time to also take her body height, what it was, what it is
[00:09:58] now. That loss of body height and those changes are in
[00:10:02] fact a sign that it could be harmful factors like
[00:10:05] risk from tobacco, alcohol, that is definitely something
[00:10:10] bone, and what is very important is movement. So, movement and
[00:10:13] exercise and genetics, genetic predisposition for sure, and
[00:10:17] one of the very important questions that the International
[00:10:20] Osteoporosis Foundation recommends is: have there been any bone fractures in your parents?
[00:10:25] Mhm, if so, then it's a sign that we carry a genetic
[00:10:29] predisposition that that patient could enter
[00:10:32] into a serious problem due to osteoporosis. Yes, we will return
[00:10:36] to movement, that is a very important topic. What I want to ask you is,
[00:10:39] in case of a wrist fracture, uh,
[00:10:42] hip, what else, what breaks first, gets damaged
[00:10:46] and happens? Many times, many times
[00:10:49] patients, many times there is an osteoporotic vertebral fracture and
[00:10:53] patients say it like... oh, it hurts a little, I felt a sharp
[00:10:57] pain at one point, maybe it didn't hurt that much later, those are so-called
[00:11:00] fractures where there is a loss of vertebral height, that's why
[00:11:04] patients, that's why patients also shrink. So, at that
[00:11:07] moment, if that happens, then definitely when
[00:11:11] visiting a doctor, an X-ray should be done in
[00:11:14] two positions of the spinal column and a bone density assessment, because that
[00:11:18] is already a sign of an osteoporotic fracture, it can be.
[00:11:22] And I will go back to movement, which you mentioned, it is very important. Important, so
[00:11:25] one of the recommendations is to move. Why is it important to move, why
[00:11:29] is it important to exercise, i.e., strengthen muscle
[00:11:33] musculature, what does it all hold and how does it function in our body? Well,
[00:11:36] when we say, it's a vicious circle, when we say, I have no strength, no
[00:11:40] strength because I don't have good musculature, no good
[00:11:43] ligaments that don't move the skeletal system, then we enter a
[00:11:47] closed circle, let me be like this, I'm fine. And when
[00:11:50] a muscle works, it simply when it works, it creates so-called microcurrents,
[00:11:54] these microcurrents. They act positively on those osteoblast cells,
[00:11:57] bone builders, and that building process is
[00:12:01] better. So, if we do nothing, if we put the best
[00:12:04] athlete in immobilization for two
[00:12:06] months, that immobilized part, arm or leg, will already lead to osteopenia
[00:12:10] and osteoporosis. So, muscles, activity and
[00:12:13] movement, that is one of the three pillars of osteoporosis
[00:12:16] prevention, definitely. Yes, and movement is not difficult, it's not
[00:12:20] demanding, why do we move so little? I understand that we will all now find a million reasons
[00:12:24] why to do it... However, let's find some
[00:12:27] reasons why to do it. Well, that sedentary lifestyle, that's
[00:12:31] it, we got up and immediately sat down to drink coffee, then we immediately sat
[00:12:35] in the car, then we came to the office, then we sat down again,
[00:12:39] then we sat in the car, then we came home, saying "Oh, I'm fed up with
[00:12:42] everything," then we turned on the TV or some network, mhm,
[00:12:46] then we sat down again and so we didn't
[00:12:49] move. Definitely, the body needs movement, if we don't
[00:12:53] give it that, it will face consequences. So, my
[00:12:56] plea to our viewers, to our
[00:13:00] patients, to all those who want good for themselves,
[00:13:04] definitely move. Give yourself 20 minutes, whether it's
[00:13:07] daily movement, whether it's going to work in the morning on
[00:13:11] foot or getting off the trolleybus two stops earlier and walking or two stops
[00:13:14] later, but definitely move. Use the weekend also
[00:13:18] for walking, it's free. We can talk about
[00:13:21] gas, electricity, everything, but you can move
[00:13:25] for free. Your body, God gave you, you have health to
[00:13:28] move, and you don't want to do it. Then later when
[00:13:32] there are consequences, then it's already a problem, then movement is with
[00:13:36] functional aids, a walker, a cane, then we enter a
[00:13:39] different story. So that we don't enter that story, move, that's right.
[00:13:43] We have one more graphic left which is very important and which will
[00:13:46] actually show when a woman or
[00:13:50] a man should have
[00:13:52] a densitometry and what is available today? Well, including
[00:13:56] prevention first, which we mentioned, movement,
[00:13:59] of course, nutritional food intake
[00:14:02] and everything else that we can
[00:14:05] later, if osteoporosis already occurs,
[00:14:09] resolve with hormone therapy. So, we started with
[00:14:12] movement, we finished, so maybe we should mention this pillar
[00:14:15] of nutrition, definitely the pillar of nutrition, that's very important. So, first in
[00:14:19] childhood, early youth, we should eat a lot of milk, protein, dairy
[00:14:23] products, later not too much fat in milk because we'll raise fat levels.
[00:14:26] So then we could eat a little more fish,
[00:14:29] fish, fish, legumes, so that's very
[00:14:32] important. Uh, when our elders told us
[00:14:36] during the word to take vitamin D, it wasn't for nothing. Vitamin
[00:14:40] D, we should sit on the grass until we get vitamin D, yes, it's not good under a walnut tree, shade
[00:14:43] is not good. So always something, meaning vitamin
[00:14:46] D, especially if we already feel tired
[00:14:50] in October, it's good to check it. I always say,
[00:14:53] it's good to check it and then... based on the level of vitamin
[00:14:57] D, determine how good that vitamin D is, know how to
[00:15:01] take it. When I ask a patient, "Well, I take it sometimes, I take it in the evening," vitamin
[00:15:04] D is taken with lunch, with the largest meal, when there's the most
[00:15:08] fat, that's when it's best absorbed. It's better
[00:15:11] absorbed when it's in spray form or liquid form than in tablet form,
[00:15:14] but either way, it's good to take it and it's good to think about giving
[00:15:18] it to our children and it's good that we give it to ourselves, not
[00:15:21] only for bones, but also for immunity and for... due to constant fatigue
[00:15:25] that we feel in autumn, mhm, besides vitamin
[00:15:28] D, what else? So, movement definitely and
[00:15:32] what you wrote here, no smoking, less alcohol, those are the
[00:15:36] risk factors that... are also asked, does
[00:15:39] it really accelerate bone mass loss? Yes, certainly.
[00:15:42] Evidence-based medicine has shown that when large
[00:15:45] meta-studies are done on hundreds of thousands of patients who
[00:15:49] are smokers or alcohol consumers, they have
[00:15:52] osteoporosis. So, that's how that data was obtained, it's certainly
[00:15:56] accurate, and all of this together, if we do it,
[00:16:00] i.e., we must do a bone scan to see
[00:16:04] where we are, what we are. Now, for bone scanning, it says here:
[00:16:07] densitometry. These are so-called central
[00:16:10] densitometers that measure bone mineral density, they measure bone
[00:16:14] density, good. Mm, a faster method is screening
[00:16:17] ultrasound of the heel bone, good, which can be done
[00:16:20] very quickly, in three minutes, an
[00:16:24] ultrasound of the heel bone is done, the foot is placed in the apparatus, it spits
[00:16:27] out a T or a score. That score
[00:16:31] is very close to what will be on the central DEXA, it
[00:16:35] can be our guide to say "Aha, I see.
[00:16:38] We already have osteoporosis on the ultrasound, we immediately send the patient to have
[00:16:42] an osteodensitometry. That's very important. Mm,
[00:16:45] I also need to mention for people who think that based on
[00:16:49] ultrasound they will be able to determine medication, no, ultrasound is a quick
[00:16:52] assessment. Ultrasound or DEXA or densitometer
[00:16:56] is the gold standard. Based on DEXA we monitor the improvement of
[00:16:59] the therapy we give and we monitor the therapeutic effect and
[00:17:03] we monitor diagnostics. Based on ultrasound we cannot
[00:17:06] do that." And for this DEXA, it is very important that it is painless, that
[00:17:10] it is a quick scan, that the radiation is minimal and that it
[00:17:13] is in fact the gold standard everywhere the hip and lower
[00:17:17] back are scanned, where the greatest load is, to see
[00:17:20] bone density. There are two letters there, T or
[00:17:23] score, which actually tells us, it is our diagnostic one that
[00:17:27] tells us what kind of bone mineral density it is. Someone who is
[00:17:30] 65, for example, compared to someone who is 30 or
[00:17:33] 25, when bone density is strongest, and everything from 0 to -1
[00:17:37] is a healthy population, from -1 to -2.5
[00:17:41] is osteopenia, meaning it is the beginning of bone mass loss, when
[00:17:45] we must already think about supplements, vitamin D and
[00:17:48] calcium. -2.5
[00:17:50] lower is already osteoporosis, yes, and what is
[00:17:54] very important is that when we have osteoporosis and
[00:17:58] any fracture, whether it's a wrist fracture, hip fracture, or
[00:18:01] vertebral fracture, that is the clinical entity we call severe osteoporosis and
[00:18:05] that's how we must treat it. I asked you about this before
[00:18:08] the inclusion, and I will ask now for those who exercise, with all the
[00:18:12] recommendations they receive, that after 30, you mentioned
[00:18:16] 35, when bones are actually strongest, mm, and
[00:18:19] when they exercise, so something cracks, something pops, that's already
[00:18:23] a sign that the body is changing, i.e., bones are
[00:18:26] changing. You answered me that as long as it cracks,
[00:18:29] it's good. Yes, so what to tell those who actually exercise
[00:18:33] daily, care about their health, but in that squat or
[00:18:37] lifting weights, feel that something is a little off? Those are
[00:18:40] so-called sound phenomena, audible
[00:18:43] phenomena of joints, joint movement, so that's not
[00:18:46] a change, that part doesn't tell us that the bone is
[00:18:50] cracking, but it tells us that the body
[00:18:53] is working. But when nothing cracks, when we enter a phase when the
[00:18:56] bone is melting, that's a problem. Therefore, as long as we exercise, as long as
[00:19:00] we move, as long as we do
[00:19:03] strength, balance, equilibrium exercises, that's good. We are constantly feeding
[00:19:07] and animating our body with the health of our bones, so not
[00:19:11] moving is a problem. And finally, for those who have already been
[00:19:15] diagnosed
[00:19:17] with osteoporosis, what are the therapies, doctor, and what
[00:19:21] actually, how invasive are they, how much are
[00:19:25] they used, how? Well, therapies are at the moment
[00:19:28] when DEXA already confirms bone mass loss
[00:19:32] such that therapy is needed, then the patient, male or female,
[00:19:36] should really seek someone who professionally deals with osteoporosis. These
[00:19:39] can be doctors, endocrinologists, doctors,
[00:19:43] orthopedists, doctors specializing in physical medicine, rehabilitation, doctors,
[00:19:46] rheumatologists, everyone, everyone can deal with osteoporosis in their own
[00:19:49] way. So there are three things: one is dietary advice
[00:19:53] that we talked about, second is advice for movement and exercises,
[00:19:57] meaning strength, balance, equilibrium exercises, mm,
[00:20:00] gait assessment is very important, and third
[00:20:04] would be vitamin D assessment, before
[00:20:07] determining therapy at all, assessment of laboratory parameters of ionic
[00:20:11] calcium, mm some
[00:20:14] other important minerals like fluoride, potassium, then based on
[00:20:17] that, therapy is determined. If it's osteoporosis, we must go with
[00:20:21] medicamentous therapy. There are bisphosphonates,
[00:20:24] there is denosumab, so
[00:20:27] there are all the medications that are currently in the world, in Europe,
[00:20:31] therapy. That would roughly be therapy, for example, up to about
[00:20:35] 10 years, then a break is made, then it's changed. So, around
[00:20:38] osteoporosis, we must be delicate, like walking on glass,
[00:20:42] believe me, that's something very important and good adherence
[00:20:45] is important to have good
[00:20:48] adherence of the patient to the doctor. So, if we write
[00:20:51] "check-up as needed," that means "I'm no longer interested in you as
[00:20:55] a patient." But if I say, "Let's check vitamin D in four
[00:20:58] or five months, then we'll do a follow-up examination, then you'll come for
[00:21:02] a follow-up," and we write down "patient," he thinks "Aha, I have to go in
[00:21:05] March again to do it." So, we monitor our patient, that's
[00:21:09] very important to monitor the patient and to cooperate
[00:21:12] and that the patient is not a passive member of the rehabilitation
[00:21:16] team. It's very important to give him
[00:21:19] activity, to say: "Here, I've given you a weapon, now
[00:21:23] learn to shoot." Yes, and for those
[00:21:26] who are not in that phase, fortunately,
[00:21:28] the most important message you want them to
[00:21:32] hear this morning, especially women who are in perimenopause,
[00:21:35] menopause, to conclude this whole story. Well, since
[00:21:39] I said it's a pediatric disease with geriatric
[00:21:42] consequences, when we fall and break a hip, that's already a problem. So,
[00:21:46] my message to all our female viewers and patients
[00:21:51] is: save your bones today so that you can be
[00:21:54] more independent and have more dignity tomorrow. Thank you very much for
[00:21:58] all these wonderful tips and professional insight into what
[00:22:02] you have been doing for years, and here we have brought a part of it this morning in a new day. Thank you.
[00:22:05] Thank you once again, physiatry specialist Dr.
[00:22:09] Mirsad was a guest today.
[00:22:12] Watch this guest appearance on our web portal
[00:22:15] n1info.ba or on social media. So, what
[00:22:19] Dr. Muftić said this morning is really worth listening to and
[00:22:22] listening to, and most importantly, stay with us.
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[00:24:01] indications, precautions, and side effects of the medicine, consult a doctor or pharmacist.
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[00:24:15] Domod, America chooses
[00:24:18] Congress. Trump's policy is facing a new test. Who will have
[00:24:22] the majority and the power to pass laws, approve money,
[00:24:25] and oversee the president? From Washington, we are following the key moments
[00:24:29] of the American midterm elections, which could determine the political future
[00:24:32] of the USA. We are including reporters and experts from Sarajevo and
[00:24:36] Belgrade, while our guests explain the political
[00:24:39] consequences, from decisions in Washington to consequences for
[00:24:42] Europe and our region. What changes does this election
[00:24:46] night bring and what do the results mean for Donald Trump, we bring
[00:24:50] directly from the American capital. American elections for
[00:24:53] Congress, November 3rd, election night on N1.
[00:25:08] 9 hours and 25 minutes. We continue with a new day after
[00:25:12] we have learned something about health, ourselves, let's
[00:25:15] learn about online shopping, which is increasingly changing consumer
[00:25:18] habits, but opens up questions of security, consumer protection, and
[00:25:21] merchant business, while citizens are increasingly shopping online,
[00:25:25] the domestic market is still looking for a way to keep up with the
[00:25:29] trend.
[00:25:32] To look for the desired product at home, buy it online, or go from
[00:25:35] store to store and choose. Although it is gaining
[00:25:39] popularity, trust in online shopping and citizens' experiences
[00:25:43] are still different. The good thing is that you don't have to bother,
[00:25:46] you can order from home, that's it.
[00:25:50] I bought chocolates online, they show you, for example, coffee, you would
[00:25:54] normally buy coffee, and now instead of going somewhere, you know they will bring it to you.
[00:25:58] I need that coffee, I'll buy it online. 2 kg, let it sit, I'm watching
[00:26:02] you go. depending on what I need,
[00:26:05] household, clothes, shoes, not that
[00:26:08] often, you have benefits, you go in and buy
[00:26:11] closer, I don't want to buy until I touch it, I don't like anything, my wife and
[00:26:15] daughter buy, probably something else they buy, one of the key
[00:26:19] factors when buying is the price, the same product in different
[00:26:22] stores can cost significantly more or less, which is why
[00:26:26] citizens increasingly compare prices, one example of such
[00:26:29] a possibility is the platform škrtica.ba which...
[00:26:32] was recently launched by Dženan Hamzić, a resident of Zenica with an address in
[00:26:36] Austria. Average savings on Škrtica between current
[00:26:39] offers is about 61 or 62
[00:26:42] marks, but for larger products, home appliances, for
[00:26:46] televisions, for mobile phones, that difference is significant, I
[00:26:50] have a good example from yesterday where my wife was looking for
[00:26:53] a vacuum cleaner, we found a difference of 700
[00:26:56] marks. Although interest in online shopping is growing, the domestic market
[00:27:00] is still lagging behind developed countries, especially when it comes to
[00:27:04] product availability and ease of ordering. In
[00:27:07] many countries around the world, online trade practically
[00:27:10] surpasses in significance and influence traditional trade,
[00:27:14] practically everything is bought ordered online,
[00:27:17] should normally be
[00:27:20] fully transferred to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unfortunately, in
[00:27:24] our country, many things still cannot be ordered online in
[00:27:28] an equally practical way as in the world. Because of this, some citizens
[00:27:32] are increasingly turning to foreign platforms, especially
[00:27:34] low-budget ones from China, however, economists believe that they are
[00:27:38] useful for consumers because they often offer citizens to buy the same
[00:27:41] products significantly cheaper than on the domestic market, any kind of
[00:27:45] burden on such
[00:27:48] stores, i.e., such purchases with additional duties
[00:27:51] as is done, for example, in the European Union, would be very
[00:27:54] wrong, it would discourage and make such
[00:27:58] trade more expensive, on the other hand, it would contribute to even
[00:28:00] greater. on the domestic market. The development
[00:28:04] of online trade is also accompanied by problems, according to estimates from the relevant
[00:28:08] ministry, due to the gray economy in electronic commerce, the Federation
[00:28:11] of Bosnia and Herzegovina annually loses more than 200 million marks in public
[00:28:15] revenues. The new law on electronic commerce in
[00:28:18] the Federation, according to announcements from the relevant ministry, could
[00:28:22] regulate the current situation. One of the basic goals of this
[00:28:25] law is to ensure safe
[00:28:28] shopping for consumers in
[00:28:31] a way. that the law stipulates that the product price
[00:28:35] should be clearly stated, delivery costs, that
[00:28:39] it should be possible to return goods
[00:28:42] that do not correspond to how they
[00:28:45] are displayed in sales, all
[00:28:48] European directives have been applied in this
[00:28:51] law. This will regulate unregistered sales through
[00:28:55] social networks, for those who operate outside the regulations, penalties
[00:28:59] from 3,000 to 30,000 marks are provided, while
[00:29:02] this area is not regulated, citizens are left to carefully choose from whom
[00:29:06] and how they buy, Fedža Kulina
[00:29:08] N1.
[00:29:12] While the countries of the region are fighting for every new airline, Sarajevo entered the winter
[00:29:16] flight schedule without one Ryanair line. Why
[00:29:19] do airlines choose some and abandon other airports,
[00:29:23] how much public money do we allocate to attract them and can Bosnia and Herzegovina
[00:29:27] ensure more stable connectivity with
[00:29:29] Europe?
[00:29:31] The winter flight schedule has begun without a single line of the leading
[00:29:35] low-cost company from Sarajevo International Airport.
[00:29:38] Ryanair has its own business strategies, its own
[00:29:41] business models. They simply make such
[00:29:44] a decision to close one of their bases, open elsewhere. That elsewhere
[00:29:48] in the region is retained with smart discounts, while
[00:29:51] Croatia and North Macedonia forgive aviation giants up to
[00:29:55] 90% of fees through growth models and subsidies,
[00:29:59] Bosnia and Herzegovina returned a fixed state levy
[00:30:02] of three marks per passenger, at this moment we do not have the support
[00:30:06] of the director, i.e., the management of the
[00:30:09] Directorate for Civil Aviation without whose signature we cannot go
[00:30:13] for a new moratorium or a reduction of this price, here we come to another
[00:30:17] administrative blockade of BH Air, an institution that should
[00:30:20] guarantee the legality of air
[00:30:23] traffic, is actually grounded itself, for years
[00:30:27] neglected, the Directorate in this mandate was left without a law
[00:30:31] that was supposed to bring reform. "Experts who should
[00:30:34] supervise our entire aviation sector are currently
[00:30:38] civil servants, in the civil service you cannot offer
[00:30:42] the best experts working conditions, salaries that will
[00:30:45] attract them, which is why it is a big
[00:30:48] challenge in the sense that our Directorate for Civil
[00:30:51] Aviation is currently devastated in terms of
[00:30:54] staff, while umbrella institutions sleep, lower levels of government
[00:30:57] fight the battle themselves, cantons and entities."