N1BOS — broadcast
20261105 233000 UTC
405 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
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Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record.

[00:00:20] Shabbat, the Jewish day
[00:00:21] of rest.
[00:00:25] Here on the doorpost is a Mezuzah.
[00:00:28] It is usually placed at the entrance to Jewish institutions, houses, and even
[00:00:32] apartments. It is believed to protect against evil and negative
[00:00:35] energy.
[00:00:41] In this supermarket, Yuval can get everything he needs from
[00:00:45] kosher food. The word kosher in Hebrew means proper. This means
[00:00:48] that the food is prepared according to religious rules. The rules of
[00:00:51] Kosher diet are described in the Torah, the holy book of
[00:00:54] Judaism. For example, pork is forbidden. In Berlin,
[00:00:58] there are about 35,000 Jews, many of whom wear a kippah
[00:01:01] and cover it in public. Since October 7, 2023,
[00:01:05] antisemitism has been on the rise worldwide, including in Germany, but
[00:01:08] Yuval has always covered his kippah. In
[00:01:12] public, I wear a hat over my kippah because I don't want it to be seen that I'm
[00:01:15] wearing it. There have been many antisemitic incidents, and that
[00:01:19] poses a certain risk. I myself have had several such
[00:01:23] experiences. So, I do it for safety reasons.
[00:01:27] I feel more comfortable when people can't immediately see that.
[00:01:38] For Shabbat, he prepares traditional pita bread,
[00:01:41] although most Jews make challah, he uses
[00:01:44] flour, sugar, salt, yeast, water, and several secret
[00:01:48] ingredients.
[00:01:51] It's a family recipe, so I can't
[00:01:53] reveal it.
[00:01:56] Not all Jews strictly adhere to kosher rules,
[00:01:59] but it's important to Yuval to respect them. That's how he grew up, and it
[00:02:02] reminds him to live
[00:02:04] more consciously.
[00:02:07] For me, being Jewish means adhering to the fundamental principles
[00:02:10] of Judaism, for example, treating everyone with
[00:02:14] respect, but it also means being part of
[00:02:16] a community.
[00:02:24] It's safe to say that Yuval is a true pita bread master,
[00:02:27] throwing the dough in the air helps him to roll it out evenly and make
[00:02:31] it airy. He prepares a large amount for his family on Shabbat eve because
[00:02:35] cooking is forbidden on that day, and this bread can last for several days.
[00:02:39] Shabbat in Hebrew means rest, it begins at sunset on Friday and
[00:02:42] ends at sunset on Saturday. Before eating
[00:02:46] hummus, Yuval blesses the bread and thanks
[00:02:48] God.
[00:02:59] years of Jewish history, but it was also the scene of horrific
[00:03:02] crimes. Around 12,000 brass
[00:03:05] plates, known as Stolpersteine or stumbling
[00:03:08] stones, mark the last known addresses of victims as a sign
[00:03:12] of remembrance for those who were persecuted and killed by the Nazis. For Jews,
[00:03:16] Berlin is a unique city. For me, being Jewish in Berlin means living
[00:03:20] And now the question that comes to everyone's in one of the largest Jewish communities in Germany, which provides
[00:03:23] us with good opportunities to practice our faith and live according to
[00:03:27] our beliefs. Of course, history is still visible in
[00:03:30] many places, such as what happened during
[00:03:34] the Holocaust, not only to Jews, but to all other
[00:03:37] victims. what happened in the Holocaust, not only what happened to Jewish
[00:03:41] people, but generally to the victims of the Holocaust.
[00:03:43] It hurts when you are constantly reminded of it,
[00:03:47] but it's nice to see that the victims are not
[00:03:49] forgotten.
[00:03:54] At home, Yuval meets with his friend Noam to read
[00:03:57] the Torah, or more precisely, to chant.
[00:04:06] How often does he pray?
[00:04:09] In Judaism, there are usually three prayers during
[00:04:12] the day: one in the morning, one at noon or in the afternoon, and one
[00:04:15] in the evening. For me, it's especially important during
[00:04:18] Shabbat. Then we also have a fourth additional prayer, so
[00:04:22] we usually go to
[00:04:26] heard, will the powerful of the synagogue. Whenever he can, Yuval meets with
[00:04:28] friends in the evening to play football. He has friends
[00:04:32] of different faiths and beliefs, but when it comes to finding
[00:04:35] a partner, does she have to be
[00:04:36] Jewish?
[00:04:41] One could say it is desirable to have a Jewish
[00:04:43] partner. For me, it is very important, especially because
[00:04:47] Judaism is passed down through the mother. I want my children
[00:04:50] to grow up as Jews and be raised according to our
[00:04:54] tradition, and it is personally important to me that my children
[00:04:57] also grow up Jewish.
[00:05:03] It is also important to Yuval to live within
[00:05:06] the Jewish
[00:05:21] France is home to some of the most famous wines in
[00:05:24] the world, but climate change is affecting this
[00:05:27] region, and more importantly, the
[00:05:30] wine. Bordeaux is located in southwest
[00:05:33] France, not far from the Atlantic Ocean.
[00:05:37] For centuries, this city served as a gateway for wines
[00:05:40] from this region.
[00:05:43] While I was studying, I lived in Bordeaux for a while, so returning
[00:05:46] here means a lot to me. Back then, I was constantly crossing the Garonne,
[00:05:50] but I never thought that this very river
[00:05:53] was responsible for the fame of Bordeaux wines. The Garonne River is
[00:05:57] the cradle of Bordeaux wine trade.
[00:06:01] Wine has been shipped from here since the Middle
[00:06:03] Ages.
[00:06:05] If you really want to understand the world of wine,
[00:06:09] visit the Cité du Vin. This building is
[00:06:12] one of the most impressive landmarks in the city, and its
[00:06:15] architecture resembles the swirling of wine in
[00:06:18] a glass. The museum presents everything related to the culture
[00:06:22] and history of wine, not only in Bordeaux, but throughout
[00:06:25] the world. Almost everything in the exhibition is interactive and
[00:06:29] interesting.
[00:06:32] My favorite part is the buffet of five senses. Have you ever
[00:06:35] wondered how wine lovers always manage to detect
[00:06:39] certain smells and tastes that no one else notices?
[00:06:42] Here you can train your
[00:06:53] about 40 km east of Bordeaux. The town and
[00:06:56] surrounding vineyards are a UNESCO World Heritage site
[00:07:00] and represent one of the most famous wine regions
[00:07:04] in France. In its center is a monolithic church
[00:07:07] carved into the limestone rock. In the 12th
[00:07:10] century, Benedictine monks
[00:07:12] founded a monastery here and helped develop the now
[00:07:16] famous vineyards. It is one of the most beautiful places you can
[00:07:20] visit in Bordeaux, but I'm not here just for the postcard-perfect
[00:07:23] views. I want to see what's happening in
[00:07:27] the vineyards, because the consequences of climate change are most
[00:07:30] clearly visible here. I'm taking an electric bike tour organized
[00:07:34] by Rustic Wines. It's a more active
[00:07:38] and environmentally friendly option than driving a car, and the route takes
[00:07:42] us vineyards. The landscape
[00:07:45] we're passing through is increasingly affected by climate change.
[00:07:48] Warmer summers and unpredictable rainfall disrupt the usual
[00:07:52] schedule of work in the vineyards. Here are the young
[00:07:55] grape bunches of this year's harvest. What you see is quite
[00:07:59] unusual, because at this time of year the grapes shouldn't be
[00:08:02] this big. They are already very advanced, which means that for the
[00:08:06] first time in history we could harvest in August, not in
[00:08:10] September, as is usual. If
[00:08:12] you don't have time for Saint-Émilion or a wine tour is
[00:08:16] too expensive, here's a tip: stop by
[00:08:19] Maison du Vin in the very center of Bordeaux. Here you can
[00:08:23] taste different wines for a price of only 2.5 euros per
[00:08:26] glass. Stéphanie Cinoke from the Bordeaux Supérieur winemakers' association
[00:08:30] is working on strategies that would
[00:08:33] help producers to adapt wine production to
[00:08:36] climate change. If temperatures rise by a few
[00:08:39] more degrees, some grape varieties like Merlot or
[00:08:43] Cabernet could over-ripen. More sunlight
[00:08:46] means a higher percentage of alcohol in the wine, and at the same time,
[00:08:50] consumers are increasingly looking for wines with less alcohol, so
[00:08:53] we are thinking about how to adapt both grape varieties and
[00:08:57] at the same time preserve what is characteristic of
[00:09:00] Bordeaux wines. And when you cross the Garonne, you'll find
[00:09:04] a different creative side of Bordeaux and the Darwin Ecosystem
[00:09:07] cultural center, located in a former barracks where there
[00:09:11] are a skatepark, street art galleries, a
[00:09:14] co-working space, vintage clothing stores, and much
[00:09:18] more. This was one of my favorite places while I was
[00:09:21] studying, it's still one of the best places to discover the younger
[00:09:25] and more alternative side of the city. In the complex
[00:09:29] there's also a wine project I haven't seen before, La Micro
[00:09:33] Winery. The owners here produce small quantities of wine
[00:09:36] practically in the city itself, using sustainable
[00:09:39] methods. In their workshops, you can make
[00:09:43] your own wine blend and take a bottle
[00:09:46] home. The experience costs around 80
[00:09:49] euros.
[00:09:51] And now let's go to the other side of the Garonne to the Le
[00:09:55] Chartrons district. Along the quays and in the surrounding
[00:09:58] streets, négociants,
[00:10:01] wine merchants who bought, stored,
[00:10:04] blended wines, and then shipped them all over the world, once
[00:10:08] operated. This area was long considered
[00:10:11] neglected, but in recent into a modern
[00:10:14] district.
[00:10:19] After so many years, I rediscovered a completely different side
[00:10:23] of Bordeaux. Climate change affects
[00:10:25] the vineyards, but also the wines people want to drink,
[00:10:28] but if you only had one day in Bordeaux, where
[00:15:17] Canaria has a problem, overtourism. Local
[00:15:21] residents are facing a shortage of housing
[00:15:25] and deteriorating infrastructure. What are
[00:15:28] the possible solutions? Gran Canaria is one of
[00:15:31] the most popular Canary Islands. Sun, beach
[00:15:34] and sea attract mainly tourists from colder parts of Northern
[00:15:37] Europe year after year. In July
[00:15:41] 2025, the island broke a record, hosting
[00:15:45] a million tourists in just one month, which is more than
[00:15:48] the island's total population. Tourism is important for Gran
[00:15:52] Canaria's economy, but local residents are protesting
[00:15:55] more and more often. What has been done to solve
[00:15:59] this problem? Besides bringing us income, tourism also accounts
[00:16:02] for almost half of all jobs in Gran
[00:16:05] Canaria.
[00:16:10] If the government doesn't do something, activist groups will shut down
[00:16:13] the Canary Islands and call for a general strike to
[00:16:17] force the authorities to change the existing tourism
[00:16:19] model. Jonathan Messa Cabrera, born
[00:16:23] in Gran Canaria and living in Las Palmas, is a member of the activist
[00:16:26] network Derecho al Techo or the right to a roof over one's
[00:16:30] head. A large number of tourists has led to an increase
[00:16:33] in the number of holiday apartments and a lack of affordable housing
[00:16:42] for local residents. Tourism is the only real source of wealth in the Canary Islands, so
[00:16:46] we are somehow forced to accept everything that comes with
[00:16:50] it. This means minimal earnings, expensive housing and already
[00:16:53] overloaded
[00:16:55] environment.
[00:16:59] Even in the quiet neighborhood of La Isleta, where mostly
[00:17:02] locals live and where Jonathan's family is from, it seems that
[00:17:06] tourists are increasingly occupying space.
[00:17:09] Here's another example of these new extremes. An old garage
[00:17:13] has been converted into an apartment that costs about
[00:17:15] 100 euros per month.
[00:17:17] A garage.
[00:17:20] Politicians do not see this situation as particularly
[00:17:23] serious. The authorities say they are aware of the problem and that
[00:17:27] they have the situation under control.
[00:17:30] The truth is, in more touristy areas, the situation
[00:17:34] is becoming increasingly complicated. So complicated that even
[00:17:37] workers in the tourism sector find it difficult to find housing, but I am
[00:17:41] convinced that the tourism industry is not the problem, but part
[00:17:44] of the solution.
[00:17:47] In a bold move, the Spanish government removed about
[00:17:50] 86,000
[00:17:53] illegal holiday apartments across the country from online
[00:17:56] platforms, almost 14,000 of them in Gran Canaria. Many of
[00:18:00] these illegal properties are now rented out by rooms, and when we
[00:18:04] asked the government of the Canary Islands not to issue new permits
[00:18:07] for tourist apartment rentals, it once again
[00:18:10] showed that it has no real intention of controlling the current number
[00:18:14] of tourist
[00:18:15] apartments.
[00:18:24] In the northwest of the island, local authorities have also started
[00:18:27] to address problems caused by overtourism in
[00:18:31] the municipality of Agaete. In 2025,
[00:18:34] new rules came into force for beaches and
[00:18:38] promenades. Smoking, using electronic
[00:18:42] cigarettes, as well as loud music, barbecuing
[00:18:45] in public areas, and collecting stones or
[00:18:48] shells are prohibited. Violations are subject to fines of up to
[00:18:52] 3,000 euros. Ecotourism in Gran Canaria offers
[00:18:55] another alternative. The organic farm Redondo de
[00:18:59] Guayra is located near Agaete
[00:19:02] in the heart of the biosphere reserve. This farm
[00:19:05] can accommodate a maximum of five guests, overtourism
[00:19:09] is not a problem here, however, such peace comes
[00:19:13] at a price. A couple with a child pays about 300 euros
[00:19:17] per night. The resort manager Alvaro
[00:19:20] Estevez believes that the future of tourism is secure only if
[00:19:23] it becomes more sustainable. In the end, for this kind of tourism
[00:19:27] to continue and be sustainable, we need travelers who appreciate
[00:19:31] accommodation that is more in line with the local environment and principles
[00:19:34] of sustainability, who are willing to pay more, because such
[00:19:38] an approach implies additional
[00:19:40] costs.
[00:19:47] The tension between economic benefits and sustainability continues
[00:19:50] to pose a challenge. Nevertheless, Gran Canaria, with all its
[00:19:54] diversity, represents a true holiday paradise.
[00:20:08] Genene left the United States and moved
[00:20:11] to Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. The main
[00:20:15] reason: Donald Trump and the political climate in
[00:20:18] America. And now we will see how she
[00:20:20] adapted. I'm Genene, I'm from New York, I grew up in
[00:20:24] Atlanta, and last year, with my husband, I moved to
[00:20:27] Lisbon, mainly because of Trump. This morning, Genene is going
[00:20:31] grocery shopping. For her, it represents a daily
[00:20:34] challenge. Namely, Lisbon's supermarkets
[00:20:38] are very different from those in the United States, in terms of
[00:20:41] size, options, and of course, products. Here
[00:20:45] there are a lot of American products, but the ingredients are different.
[00:20:48] They probably removed what is not regulated by European
[00:20:52] Union regulations, which is a lot of things. Many products here have a health rating,
[00:20:56] while in the United States that's not important
[00:20:59] at all. Genene is happy about that, but
[00:21:03] her shopping problem is actually the slower
[00:21:05] pace. At first, I was quite
[00:21:09] agitated, I was very, very frustrated. I had that
[00:21:13] urge in me, go, go, go. I kept asking myself, why
[00:21:17] is it taking so long? However, for her, a big plus is that the
[00:21:20] food here is cheaper than in the United States. However, what is
[00:21:24] expensive is real estate, especially considering
[00:21:27] local incomes. Lisbon is
[00:21:30] the most unaffordable city in Europe. Renting a 10-square-meter
[00:21:33] apartment costs around 1600
[00:21:37] euros, which is slightly less than 2,000 dollars. Genene and
[00:21:41] her husband work remotely, she's studying so they currently live off
[00:21:45] his income. My husband and I are
[00:21:48] African Americans, because of all the increasing police violence,
[00:21:52] especially after 2020,
[00:21:54] when violence against unarmed black people sharply
[00:21:58] increased, but because of Trump's cooperation with police
[00:22:01] unions that work to exempt police from
[00:22:04] accountability for such crimes, I felt like a second-class
[00:22:08] citizen, as if my life wasn't worth
[00:22:11] much.
[00:22:23] This was filmed when we first came to Portugal, that's when we
[00:22:26] realized we wanted to move
[00:22:28] here.
[00:22:31] She never even thought she would leave the United
[00:22:34] States, so the move was really hard.
[00:22:37] pala.
[00:22:39] I always thought the United States would be my home, that I would
[00:22:43] settle there. However, that is no longer
[00:22:46] the case.
[00:22:50] Genene is getting ready for a Pilates class in Portuguese. Although
[00:22:53] she still doesn't speak the language well, for now she uses apps and
[00:22:57] tries to be in contact with Portuguese as much as possible in her daily life.
[00:23:12] Since her language skills are still very limited, Genene has
[00:23:15] decided to start a course
[00:23:25] speaks English.
[00:23:29] For Genene, Lisbon is the right place. Now her priority is to
[00:23:32] improve her Portuguese and make more local
[00:23:36] friends. Staying in Lisbon brings peace and
[00:23:39] tranquility. Since I've been here, it's like a weight has been
[00:23:43] lifted off my chest, I feel
[00:23:44] relieved.
[00:24:51] It's a hot humid night as the team sets out on the lookout for
[00:24:55] the creatures that hide in the
[00:24:57] rainforest.
[00:25:00] The biologistts spot a baby
[00:25:02] alligator
[00:25:04] which immediately calls for its
[00:25:06] mother.
[00:25:11] The deeper they venture into the Amazon, the more its extraordinary
[00:25:15] biodiversity reveals
[00:25:17] itself.
[00:25:25] At first it feels uncomfortable being in the forest at night, you get used
[00:25:29] to it, but seeing the animals, that's an amazing
[00:25:32] feeling every single
[00:25:34] time.
[00:25:43] It's become the base of operations for
[00:25:45] biologist,
[00:25:48] field laboratory in the middle of a... fast and unpredictable
[00:25:57] whether and how reptiles can adapt to climate
[00:26:00] change, or whether they're doomed. to disappear forever,
[00:26:04] the team has set traps throughout the
[00:26:06] forest,
[00:26:12] we're trying to understand what will happen to species in the future,
[00:26:16] if co2 emissions and temperatures keep
[00:26:18] rising, i sometimes call this crystal
[00:26:22] ball research, work where we hope many of our
[00:26:44] team who are never alone as they move through the
[00:26:47] forest.
[00:26:50] what's that? tarantula. wow, that's
[00:26:53] huge.
[00:26:59] the amazon basin is home to around 200. 30
[00:27:02] amphibian species and 270 reptile
[00:27:06] species, likely more. Without these
[00:27:09] little mosquito eaters, viruses and diseases would
[00:27:12] spread faster and further.
[00:27:16] There are strict regulations on which animals the scientists are allowed to
[00:27:20] take from the forest to study. Unlike
[00:27:23] us, cold blooded creatures body temperatures depend
[00:27:26] entirely on their environment. When it gets
[00:27:29] warmer, they get warmer, making them especially vulnerable to climate change.
[00:27:32] beautiful and elegant. Isn't he beautiful and elegant? He's not
[00:27:36] a typical tree frog, otherwise he would have jumped far away by
[00:27:40] now.
[00:27:43] The scientists exposed the cold blooded animals to different
[00:27:47] temperatures, testing how their bodies react to heat and
[00:27:50] cold, and whether their behavior
[00:27:52] changes.
[00:27:57] These lively snakes are highly venomous and eager
[00:28:01] escape. 'the men seem remarkably
[00:28:04] fearless.
[00:28:07] who says research isn't
[00:28:09] exciting?
[00:28:14] caught at last.
[00:28:16] i almost broke a sweat there. you do get a bit nervous, but it's also
[00:28:20] really cool. since i was 17 or 18 i've been tattooing
[00:28:24] snakes on my body. they reflect my life and my past, my life
[00:28:28] project.
[00:28:32] there's good reason to believe that as temperatures rise, these
[00:28:35] animals move less, raising fears that they won't eat,
[00:28:39] won't mate, and will gradually die out if they can't
[00:28:42] adap.
[00:28:46] the team expects results in about three
[00:28:48] years. they're building a unique
[00:28:51] biodiversity library, accessible to scientists
[00:28:55] around the world, as Fernanda
[00:29:04] global north, from temperate regions, but the biggest
[00:29:08] climate impacts are expected
[00:29:09] here,
[00:29:12] losing these species, many of which we don't even know yet, would be an
[00:29:15] enormous loss for humanity as a
[00:29:17] whole,
[00:29:20] fernanda believes knowledge shouldn't stay behind closed lab
[00:29:24] doors, quite the opposite, she and her team
[00:29:27] want to share their discoveries, concerns and joys
[00:29:30] with the people who live along the...
[00:29:33] 32 families live in the community of villa de
[00:29:36] ciao, they too have to cop with the rising heat and the
[00:29:40] droughts caused by a climate crisis they didn't
[00:29:43] create. the team has brought along a collection of
[00:29:47] reptiles and amphibians, and everyone here is curious to
[00:29:51] experience them close up, even
[00:29:54] babies.
[00:29:58] seeing these animals and learning to value them, recognizing how
[00:30:01] important they are, I think that's truly enriching for us, in a
[00:30:05] word, simply gratitude.
[00:30:08] After the special lesson, the children take a solemn
[00:30:11] oath.
[00:30:15] I promise to be a protector of the Amazon and of biodiversity, they
[00:30:19] say, and guardian of the
[00:30:21] climate.
[00:30:25] Will their voices be
[00:30:28] the world echo them? Fernando
[00:30:31] hopes her works. speaks of the future, not the
[00:30:34] past.
[00:30:37] i'm an optimist because i believe we still have time to get
[00:30:40] involved and to do
[00:30:42] something.
[00:30:47] these little creatures don't need any protection. ticks have been
[00:30:50] around so long, they probably play dinosaurs and
[00:30:54] they're nothing if not