N1HRV — broadcast
20260806 013000 UTC
297 transcript segments
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[00:00:00] pozadinu svake priče, budite tamo gdje se odlučuje,
[00:00:03] umjesto da drugi odlučuju o vama, ja sam Tihomir
[00:00:07] Ladišić, gledajte
[00:00:08] N1.
[00:00:30] feeding grounds or to reproduce, and not just
[00:00:33] animals migrate, plants spread too, those
[00:00:37] slower, through seeds carried on the wind or
[00:00:40] transported by animals and
[00:00:43] a humans. pathogens can come along for the ride, including the
[00:00:47] highly dangerous nipper virus which broke out in India
[00:00:50] early
[00:00:51] 2026.
[00:00:55] Species on the move, this time around on DW
[00:00:59] Science. Welcome to Tomorrow
[00:01:01] Today. The University of
[00:01:05] Marburg is home to one of Germany's four high security
[00:01:09] laboratories, facilities where research is conducted on
[00:01:13] dangerous live pathogens such as neipa virus.
[00:01:17] Alexandra Kupka has studied it for the past 12 years
[00:01:20] and monitors new outbreaks like
[00:01:22] a recent one in India. Nepa is one
[00:01:26] of the most dangerous viruses out there. We estimate its case.
[00:02:11] of
[00:02:20] of
[00:02:58] a
[00:03:11] of of
[00:03:15] of
[00:03:20] of
[00:03:39] One animal of host identified in the wild is the Asian fruit
[00:03:43] bat. It sheds neipa virus through excrement and
[00:03:46] saliva. Some infections in humans have been linked to
[00:03:50] unboiled date palm juice, direct person to person
[00:03:53] transmission is also
[00:03:55] possible.
[00:04:00] but it's important to mention that Nipa virus is only transmissible
[00:04:04] through very close contact, catching it
[00:04:07] of requires contact with saliva or a large volume of droplets,
[00:04:11] Nipa is not airborn. The search for
[00:04:15] vaccine is already underway, focused on methods
[00:04:18] like so-called vector vaccines, where Nipa antigens are delivered
[00:04:22] into human cells via harmless viruses, causing the
[00:04:26] immune system to produce antibodies against the dangerous pathogen.
[00:05:42] whether human to human transmission caused the cases in
[00:05:46] India, the initial source of infection has yet to be
[00:05:49] identified, but the search for vaccine remains
[00:05:52] a
[00:05:53] priority.
[00:05:57] great white shocks can go on migration, stretching over
[00:06:00] 2,00 km in length, usually returning to the
[00:06:04] waters where they began the journey, but what if they
[00:06:08] simply disappear? that's what they did off the coast
[00:06:11] of cape. down in South Africa, once common there, they have
[00:06:15] vanished and no one really knows what happened to them.
[00:06:19] Great Whites are usually solitary animals, and at average
[00:06:23] length of 4.5 m, they're the largest predator fish
[00:06:27] on the
[00:06:27] planet.
[00:06:32] These divers off the coast of South Africa have one
[00:06:35] wish, to spot the legendary great white
[00:06:39] shark. It once lived in these waters. They used
[00:06:43] to be more common here than anywhere else in the
[00:06:57] the legendary monsters have disappeared from the coastal waters
[00:07:00] around Cape Town. These are so-called copper
[00:07:04] sharks. They too occasionally attack humans, but they're
[00:07:08] nowhere near as dangerous as great whites.
[00:07:13] "the shark divers who come here to see the animals are
[00:07:15] disappointed. once again, not even a glimpse of
[00:07:19] one. although it
[00:07:32] from trying yet again, and the bait does lure some
[00:07:35] predators. we have a shark
[00:07:39] specy called a bronze whalerers shark uh..."
[00:07:42] or copper sharks, another name for them, they grow up to about three meters in length, but
[00:07:46] the average size we have around about two and
[00:07:48] a half to 2.2 meters. copper sharks
[00:07:52] are considered vulnerable, but not currently threatened with
[00:07:56] extinction, and although they also attack humans
[00:07:59] sometimes, they're viewed as less dangerous than great white
[00:08:03] sharks.
[00:08:08] Toby Rogers is also mostly on the lookout for this most
[00:08:12] famous... of shark species. Over the years, he's
[00:08:15] tagged more than 200 individual animals. If it
[00:08:19] detected even one them, this device would sound
[00:08:22] alarm, but today it emits only
[00:08:25] static. Even so, nets are still deployed
[00:08:29] in the seaside town of Fishhook to protect swimmers from marine
[00:08:33] predators. Officials point out that there have been no shark attacks for
[00:08:37] years, but say they still can't be ruled out. Five years
[00:08:41] ago, mostly uh, we were so... It's only now maybe I think for two
[00:08:44] years, we didn't see at all graduates, we did
[00:08:48] go out on our research boats, go check of anything, we just get
[00:08:51] branches. False bay was so named because for
[00:08:55] centuries sailing ships mistakenly entered it believing it to be a
[00:08:59] bay farther to the north, shark monitoring goes on here
[00:09:03] too, mountain watch for
[00:09:05] bay uh, can
[00:09:09] you tell me how many b is in order uh?
[00:09:12] f that's copy okay and uh how many
[00:09:16] serfers? i got about 35
[00:09:19] surfs in the water. okay, you any got any
[00:09:23] sightings? uh, we have no sightings at the
[00:09:27] moment. okay, um, copy there, thank
[00:09:30] you. when the
[00:09:34] sea is rough, the marine predators can't be
[00:09:37] spotted. from up here, dennis chicodze observes
[00:09:41] the water. In commerce surf, the sharks can be clearly
[00:09:45] identified. They swim just below the surface and are
[00:09:48] always there. Most people they think if
[00:09:51] you have to for spot a shark, you need to see the find first, but remember they are
[00:09:55] hunters, the they are hunting, when you're hunting, you don't show yourself
[00:09:59] out that I'm here, so they normally underne under under the water, so we
[00:10:03] look for shadows and movement. South
[00:10:06] Africa,
[00:10:55] off at shark spotters seeks not just to protect people, but the animals
[00:10:59] as well. Sarah Boris says Cape Town's great
[00:11:02] Whites have moved elsewhere. Recent research that we've
[00:11:06] been part of suggests that rather than reduction in population, there's just been an
[00:11:10] eastward shift along the South African coastline. And so
[00:11:14] it um, since 2017 we've seen quite a dramatic reduction
[00:11:18] in white shark activity in false bay and also just further along the coast
[00:11:22] in Hansbye. Killer Wales could... the reason
[00:11:25] why hunting in groups they attack the sharks aiming for
[00:11:29] their livers which are rich in fat and oil. this great
[00:11:33] white was killed by orkas quickly and
[00:11:36] efficiently. the two killers in question are the ones called
[00:11:40] port and starbard. um and we think that these two individuals started
[00:11:44] hunting them back then
[00:11:45] um and what it that has led to is immediate abandonment um
[00:11:49] of uh the white shocks from those certain areas. so areas like false bay,
[00:11:52] khansway and most recently muscle bay. "the
[00:11:56] great white shark is considered an endangered
[00:11:59] species. its numbers are threatened not just by killer
[00:12:03] whales, but also over fishing by humans. but
[00:12:07] just maybe one day they'll return to false bay. in
[00:12:11] the seaside town of fishhook, the mesh in the shark nets is now
[00:12:15] so fine that the marine predators can no longer become
[00:12:18] entangled. the nets still go up though, because
[00:12:22] better safe than sorry."
[00:12:28] By the way, great white sharks probably don't take this route
[00:12:32] from the Red Sea into the Mediterranean. The water in
[00:12:35] the Suwez canal is simply too hot and salty, but the
[00:12:39] venomous lion fish has no problem with those extreme
[00:12:43] conditions. In reefs in the warming waters the
[00:12:46] Mediterranean, it's starting to displace native species
[00:12:49] in Greece and effort is underway to do something about the
[00:12:53] invader by turning it into.
[00:12:57] The fishermen of Kilada take to the sea
[00:13:00] from their small harbor village on the Pelopanese Peninsula in
[00:13:03] Greece. Their usual catch includes Seabream and
[00:13:07] Octopus, but more and more often their nets are bringing up
[00:13:11] animals that don't belong here, what are known as invasive
[00:13:15] species, like the red lion fish, originally from
[00:13:19] Asia. With sea temperatures rising, it's migrated through
[00:13:23] the suez canal into the Mediterranean.
[00:14:25] heat stored in the oceans has reached a new high. due
[00:14:29] to the greenhouse effect, the earth absorbs more the sun's
[00:14:32] energy, then it releases back into space. oceans take
[00:14:36] up 91% of that energy, 5% is absorbed by
[00:14:40] land, 3% melts ice, and 1%
[00:14:43] contributes to atmospheric warming. and that poses a
[00:14:47] threat. tropical cyclones like one that hit Mozambique, are
[00:14:51] growing more intense. warmer water is fueling such...
[00:15:03] the way ahead must be grounded in science, common sense and the
[00:15:07] courage to act. in Greece, a chef has
[00:15:11] already trying to help. Elias kiazoli has
[00:15:14] declared war on the lion fish by turning it into a
[00:15:17] delicacy. the meat is safe eat because the poison is
[00:15:21] confined to the spines.
[00:15:38] any other predators, so everyone's a winner,
[00:15:42] including our stomachs. efforts like that should help
[00:15:46] drive down numbers of lionfish on the Greek coast, but as
[00:15:50] long as sea temperatures continue to rise, invasive
[00:15:53] species will continue to
[00:15:55] spread.
[00:15:59] now to invasive plant found practically
[00:16:02] everywhere, water highints. they can completely
[00:16:06] cover lakes in tropics forming dense floating
[00:16:09] carpets, the plant is textbook example of a
[00:16:13] species introduced by humans that spirals out of control
[00:16:17] in new biospheres, spreading rapidly because it has
[00:16:21] no natural enemies. indigenous to south america,
[00:16:25] water highens have become a serious plague worldwide over the
[00:16:28] past 150 years. in india, scientist
[00:16:32] is trying to do something about them. this
[00:16:36] is the story of Ecologist Sushmita Krishnan who turns water
[00:16:40] hiasins into biodegradable paper. It's a
[00:16:43] win win because although attractive, water hiasents are
[00:16:47] extremely fast growing and highly invasive. Originally
[00:16:51] introduced to India from South America, they quickly clog lakes and
[00:16:54] wetlands damaging existing
[00:16:56] ecosystems. A pond in the village of Allore
[00:17:00] in Tamil Nadu. Farmer Muttu used to rely on the water
[00:17:04] source to irrigate his fields, but now It's been completely
[00:17:08] overtaken by water
[00:17:09] hence.
[00:17:13] Back when I was in school, this water was very clean. We used to catch
[00:17:17] fish here, this area was once farmland and people would bathe in the
[00:17:21] pond, but now the water is black and
[00:17:25] polluted.
[00:17:30] Water hiasons infestations can cause oxygen depletion in water
[00:17:33] bodies, increase water loss and create breeding grounds. for
[00:17:37] mosquitoes, even when dead, water hiasins release
[00:17:41] harmful substances that reduce water
[00:17:43] quality. the
[00:17:47] international union for conservation of nature has classified water
[00:17:51] hyasins as the world's first aquatic invasive
[00:17:53] species. a single plant can produce 2000
[00:17:57] seeds. under favorable conditions, up to 700 tons
[00:18:01] of waterhyacin can grow per hectare of land. if
[00:18:04] this continues unchecked, oxygen levels in the... water body drops
[00:18:08] significantly killing fish populations, this results
[00:18:12] economic and ecological losses economic
[00:18:15] loss, ecological
[00:18:18] loss. the 24 year old
[00:18:21] ecologist works with the national college in tiruchilapalli in the south of
[00:18:25] tamil nadu to tackle this
[00:18:26] problem. so
[00:18:29] first first we remove the water hyasins
[00:18:33] from the water, then we chop, grind and extract.
[00:19:07] only completely plant based sushmita says that one
[00:19:11] kg of water hasinth can produce 35 a4 sheets of
[00:19:15] paper. students at the
[00:19:19] national college learn how to do it step by
[00:19:21] step.
[00:19:27] sushmita's technology can be shared with self help groups. they can be
[00:19:31] taught how to collect water even if they only have limited
[00:19:35] resources.
[00:19:39] They can also learn how to process it and turn it into different
[00:19:42] grades of material grades of material
[00:19:46] convert students can acquire this knowledge and then pass it to
[00:19:50] villages or communities helping them generate
[00:19:53] income.
[00:19:57] Sushmita hopes that all of India's water bodies will one day be healthy
[00:20:01] again and with her idea she helps to transform a
[00:20:04] harmful invasive species into a... useful
[00:20:08] resource
[00:20:12] on rice farms in Asia, water buffalo are
[00:20:16] indispensable work animals. In Europe, they've been
[00:20:19] deliberately introduced for a specific purpose,
[00:20:23] landscape management. In marshy areas, they help
[00:20:27] promote biodiversity by creating access routes in overgrown
[00:20:30] wetlands and feeding on water plants like reads. That
[00:20:34] makes them especially interesting for managing.
[00:20:45] Christian Mayer and his wife Regina Schmidt want to work on
[00:20:49] some fencing.
[00:21:29] long ago crops were planted on these fields, then they grew too
[00:21:33] wet and were turned into pasture land, since the rewedding with
[00:21:37] the ground extremely damp, we really can't put normal cattle on them
[00:21:41] anymore, because they develop serious problems with their
[00:21:44] hooves, but the water buffalo love it, they need these wet
[00:21:48] areas, that's where they feel at home.
[00:21:49] because
[00:22:00] they're smaller and lighter than other breeds, they cope
[00:22:03] better with wet ground. there are
[00:22:07] few xmore ponies as well, they also have
[00:22:11] no problem grazing on wet pastures. on the marshy
[00:22:15] ground, the mix of different types of livestock also
[00:22:19] benefits.
[00:22:31] tearing, horses by biting. This creates different
[00:22:34] soil structures through different growth patterns of grasses and other
[00:22:38] plants, and that increases
[00:22:40] biodiversity. Maya's
[00:22:44] grazing program is being monitored by scientists from the
[00:22:47] nearby Peetland Science center. Their most important
[00:22:51] collaborators, the Water
[00:22:53] Buffalo. Some are
[00:22:56] equipped with GPS trackers, so we can track their movement patterns
[00:23:00] and also see whether the buffalo have an impact on greenhouse gas
[00:23:04] emissions. The researchers have
[00:23:08] also erected so-called Eddy Covariance Flux Tower on the
[00:23:11] rewetted Peetland. It's sensors measure weather
[00:23:15] data like temperature and wind speed, but also levels of
[00:23:19] CO2. methane and nitrous
[00:23:21] oxide. what we're seeing here is greenhouse
[00:23:25] gas flux in real time, 10 herz, that means 10 measurements
[00:23:29] per second. this is the methane flux.
[00:23:33] for over three years, this data has for the first
[00:23:36] time allowed the scientists to assess the climate effects
[00:23:40] of grazing water buffalo on wet
[00:23:43] grassland.
[00:23:48] in unserem bisherigen.
[00:24:20] about the whole idea, how would he manage newly rewedd
[00:24:24] land? what would he need to watch out for with the water buffalo? and
[00:24:27] would there even be a market for their meat in the region? all
[00:24:31] existential
[00:24:32] questions.
[00:24:37] the water buffalo live and gray outside all year round,
[00:24:41] our animals are basically born on this meadow and die
[00:24:44] on it, and that's the best thing for the animal and for meat quality. you can't
[00:24:48] produce higher quality meat.
[00:25:20] also manage wet pastures for breeding purposes and eight to 10 animals
[00:25:24] go into our farm shop for direct
[00:25:26] marketing. on Christian Meyer and
[00:25:29] Regina Schmidd's farm, 58 water buffalo
[00:25:33] now live on 73 hectares of rewedded
[00:25:37] pasture
[00:25:38] land.
[00:28:58] It's not often I