N1HRV — broadcast
20260806 210000 UTC
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[00:00:00] led him to this point is rooted in humble beginnings,
[00:00:03] growing
[00:00:04] of up along the foot hills
[00:00:05] of the Peruvian andees. this
[00:00:09] is the place where
[00:00:11] of i i grew up, i'm 60
[00:00:14] years old, i'm believeing
[00:00:18] nothing changed from 60 years again.
[00:00:22] this
[00:00:23] of is sitting is where my grandparent was sitting
[00:00:26] here, this door was the
[00:00:28] of same, this also. nothing
[00:00:32] changed because my grandparents like the
[00:00:35] inkas, they build things
[00:00:37] forever.
[00:00:40] Constantino, also known as Tino, has dedicated the
[00:00:44] last 30 years leading community-based efforts to
[00:00:48] of restore forests in South America. My
[00:00:51] grandparents, my parents gave me this
[00:00:54] mission, because coming from the inkal
[00:00:57] culture, they had been.
[00:01:01] a someday, a descendant of that family is going to do
[00:01:05] something for everybody. his grandparents were
[00:01:09] ketua farmers who raised him to respect and defend
[00:01:13] of pacha mama or mother earth, a goddess who is
[00:01:17] revered by the indigenous people
[00:01:19] of the Andes. they also taught him that the alka in
[00:01:22] his name means
[00:01:26] of of warrior. this was...
[00:01:31] For me, the university, my
[00:01:35] master class, my
[00:01:37] of PhD class, is where I started,
[00:01:40] where everything begins
[00:01:44] a and it's going to continue. It wasn't
[00:01:47] far from here, where as a biology student in the late 80s,
[00:01:51] that Tito's interest in conservation began to
[00:01:55] bloom. This place is called
[00:01:58] of laguna de Huaipo. "my parents
[00:02:02] uh, my
[00:02:04] in grandparents properties were behind this mountain, but
[00:02:08] for me when i started to study
[00:02:13] a biology, i come here to do some experiments about
[00:02:16] trout,
[00:02:19] of of this fish farms here, they ate
[00:02:23] the native
[00:02:26] of fish and was dangerous because we lost a lot of our..." or
[00:02:31] of biodiversity, of the local native fish disappear in
[00:02:34] of total. As his career took off, he would spend a
[00:02:38] couple of years in Europe working for various research
[00:02:41] institutions. Tino eventually returned
[00:02:45] of to Peru, where he studied birds and their
[00:02:48] ecosystems for the better part of
[00:02:50] decade. During that time other environmental
[00:02:54] issues began to catch his attention, in
[00:02:57] particular the decline
[00:02:59] of the pol I
[00:03:03] remember that uh my brother was my assistant and I tell
[00:03:07] him, I'm not going to come back only
[00:03:09] to try to continue doing research, I'm going to bring new plants and we
[00:03:13] started
[00:03:14] a of in on that moment on thinking on planting trees, real and concrete action on the
[00:03:18] ground. In 2000, Tino and
[00:03:22] a group of fellow biologists founded the Association of
[00:03:26] of Andayan ecosystems or ecoan.
[00:03:30] They worked closely with local communities, planting millions of
[00:03:34] trees and improving environmental management
[00:03:37] practices. To scale up their efforts, in
[00:03:41] 2018 they partnered with US non-profit
[00:03:44] in global forest generation, and Action and
[00:03:48] of Dina was born. According to Tino,
[00:03:52] they've since planted nearly 10 million trees across
[00:03:56] six countries with more
[00:03:58] of to come. Their... ultimate and ambitious goal is
[00:04:02] to restore 1 million hectares of high and day and
[00:04:05] forest by
[00:04:07] of 2045. of we want to
[00:04:09] plant 100 million
[00:04:13] trees, it's a lot, yeah,
[00:04:17] but it's not
[00:04:20] in impossible. a strong relationship with indigenous communities continues
[00:04:24] to be the key to the organization's success. they
[00:04:28] rely
[00:04:29] of on and compensate. locals to maintain nurseries across
[00:04:32] each
[00:04:33] of of the countries where they work, we are on the
[00:04:36] community of chupani, here we are
[00:04:40] producing the plants
[00:04:41] of the
[00:04:42] of seedless a meteorolic called
[00:04:44] of naked root, for the most part they use the
[00:04:48] method of propagation,
[00:04:50] a simple and cost effective process that creates new
[00:04:54] plants from parts of existing plants and
[00:04:57] of not from seeds,
[00:05:00] every year 3.5
[00:05:02] me million trees. In total, Tino says they have
[00:05:05] 26 nurseries throughout the region, most are
[00:05:09] like
[00:05:09] of this one, what he calls rustic. but
[00:05:13] others are more sophisticated and can grow various species the
[00:05:17] polylepus a much larger scale.
[00:05:21] at the moment we are at the nursery the community of
[00:05:24] patakancha that is producing more than
[00:05:28] 7 trees of polylepis trees for the campaign that
[00:05:32] we are managing all on hands the
[00:05:36] local community, the entire production and the
[00:05:40] plant is on hands the locals. the only way conservation is
[00:05:43] going to be successful, because locals are going to receive
[00:05:47] the capacitation, the leadership, we are
[00:05:51] going to produce jobs to avoid the poverty and the
[00:05:54] best, this belongs to the community. on
[00:05:58] path to fulfilling the mission instilled in him decades
[00:06:01] ago, Tito knows that the only way to achieve his family's
[00:06:05] dream is to get his hands dirty. i said,
[00:06:09] i want to write my name in this story, but
[00:06:13] the history is going to remember only actions, no
[00:06:16] whispers, actions on the ground. that's what
[00:06:20] tomorrow is all about, the simple yet
[00:06:23] revolutionary act of planting one
[00:06:26] incredible and globally important
[00:06:29] tree.
[00:06:40] the kusco region of. is a breathtaking expanse
[00:06:44] of ice-capped peaks, steep mountainside slopes
[00:06:48] and sprawling green vallies,
[00:06:52] but the impacts of global warming and decades of
[00:06:55] deforestation have taken their toll as high altitude
[00:06:59] glaciers are rapidly retreating and forest
[00:07:02] cover has been greatly reduced.
[00:07:06] biologist constantino alkachutas grew up here,
[00:07:10] a proud descendant the inca, This kusco-based
[00:07:13] organization Action Andina is scaling up
[00:07:16] reforestation efforts in Peru and all across the
[00:07:20] Andies, their secret weapon, an
[00:07:23] old
[00:07:24] tree.
[00:07:28] The areas where we are working are the main water sheds
[00:07:31] the highlands, near to the
[00:07:35] glaciers, near to the tallest mountains
[00:07:39] with communities that are living between 3.
[00:07:42] meters to 5 meter sea level.
[00:07:45] This morning, Tino is headed back to the
[00:07:49] village of Chupani, about 100 kilometers north of
[00:07:53] Kusco for annual celebration that symbolizes both his
[00:07:56] and the people's determination to restore these
[00:07:59] habitats. Those mountains, those glaciers that is
[00:08:03] appearing in that direction, for
[00:08:07] me is the energy, is the
[00:08:11] meaning of why I'm doing.
[00:08:25] or the festival the polylepis tree, unofficially
[00:08:29] began in
[00:08:29] 2014.
[00:08:34] Inspired by the United Nations climate change conference taking place in
[00:08:38] Lima that year, Tino and his colleagues wanted to
[00:08:41] show that. than words
[00:08:44] speak louder after attending to one cough meeting in liv we didn't see
[00:08:48] any results we come back said okay let's send message and the
[00:08:52] message what was we planted 57
[00:08:55] polylip trees a single
[00:08:59] day fortino that day was an eye
[00:09:02] opener my dream was to plant million of trees
[00:09:06] and i'm not going to do it that
[00:09:08] along if i want to plant million trees need
[00:09:13] labor, people, and I started to think on the
[00:09:16] communities and also reviving one
[00:09:19] activity that is the communal work, minga, that
[00:09:23] was a common practice during the inkas
[00:09:26] time. Eini and
[00:09:29] Minka are two core values of indigenous communities
[00:09:33] across the Andies. Combined, they represent the
[00:09:37] idea of working together for the common good.
[00:09:41] It's how the Inkers were... able to complete such colossal
[00:09:44] tasks like constructing aquaducts, terraced farms and
[00:09:48] thousands of kilometers of roads, or in this
[00:09:52] case growing millions of polylepis trees and transplanting them
[00:09:56] on steep slopes the Andes, all the
[00:10:00] communities, local and native communities, they demand one
[00:10:03] main thing, respect, and the thing
[00:10:06] is you invited them to be part the
[00:10:10] solution, you invited them to be... of this
[00:10:13] family, for as a woman, this project
[00:10:16] is very special, because women in general have had
[00:10:20] a challenge and sometimes they had not had this
[00:10:24] opportunity. community to have a voice, to be part
[00:10:27] of everything, with our programs, we're trying to bring that
[00:10:31] to their communities, if you see our
[00:10:34] referestations, everybody works together, there is no difference
[00:10:38] between men and women, with everyone checked in and paid
[00:10:41] in advance for the days work, tino has some words of
[00:10:45] encouragement before they had further up the
[00:10:48] mountain,
[00:10:52] por favor
[00:11:03] We're doing all this to care for the forest and so that we
[00:11:07] don't have so many droughts, spread the word
[00:11:10] everyone. Every year the festival
[00:11:14] takes place during rainy season when the forecast is fairly
[00:11:17] predictable. Chupani isn't the only village that takes
[00:11:21] part each community has their own.
[00:11:25] arriving and each community is competitive, they
[00:11:28] compete who did the better payment to the mother earth, who
[00:11:32] is more colorful, who can play more
[00:11:35] music, that is good. the goal for
[00:11:39] today's 10th annual celebration is to plant
[00:11:42] 25,00 polylepis trees. tino says the
[00:11:46] record is 100,00. the quantity of people for
[00:11:50] each kny r depends how many plants are you going to
[00:11:54] plant? if it's over
[00:11:56] 50,000 you need over 600
[00:11:59] people, if it's 2000, probably
[00:12:02] 300, but with its spongelike ability to
[00:12:06] capture and gradually release water throughout the year, every single
[00:12:10] polylepis counts, behind me,
[00:12:14] behind all that mist is nice
[00:12:17] glacier, of course the glacier generating all the
[00:12:21] water running down the valley, but if it's not... going
[00:12:25] to be vegetation trees, that water is going to go directly to the
[00:12:29] main violence, producing erosion, collapsing,
[00:12:32] everything, for that reason we must to plant more
[00:12:35] trees. simple yet forward
[00:12:39] thinking action rooted in the ancient wisdom that Tito
[00:12:42] believes should always be part the conversation.
[00:12:46] we think that with this new knowledge,
[00:12:50] the knowledge the city, the modern life is the main
[00:12:54] solution. for everything, no, I spent
[00:12:58] many times talking with the elders and chewing
[00:13:02] cocalips and learning more and more, they tell me stories about the
[00:13:05] mountains, about the rivers, about everything, all my
[00:13:09] background comes from all this, I highly
[00:13:13] recommend it, read about your history and be proud of your
[00:13:17] history, from local leader to
[00:13:21] renowned international conservationists, these days Constantino...
[00:13:25] spends the majority of his time on the road, but
[00:13:28] wherever he is, and whomever he's talking to, they all hear
[00:13:32] the story of a magical tree, a tree that
[00:13:36] provides hope for communities and the health of future
[00:13:39] generations, a tree that protects biodiversity
[00:13:43] and fights climate change, a tree that can heal
[00:13:46] patchamama, mother earth. all it
[00:13:50] takes is little iini and minka. are you
[00:13:54] seeing this? behind me, we can do
[00:13:57] it all together, working together, take
[00:14:01] action, conservation and the protection of
[00:14:05] this mother earth is responsibility for all of
[00:14:08] us,
[00:14:35] Moving mountains at the push of a
[00:14:37] button.
[00:14:41] It might sound like science fiction, but in the Swiss Alps, it may
[00:14:44] soon become reality. In the Gotard
[00:14:48] massive, researchers at the University of Zuric hope to trigger a
[00:14:51] small earthquake. If it works, could reveal
[00:14:55] more about how earthquakes start and whether they can be
[00:14:59] predicted.
[00:15:03] All this and more groundbreaking stories on DW's science
[00:15:07] show. Welcome to Tomorrow
[00:15:09] Today.
[00:15:15] The big moment is just days away. Researchers that ETH
[00:15:19] Zerk University are hoping to do something that's never been done in quite this
[00:15:23] way before. deliberately triggering a small
[00:15:26] earthquake, but first there's still
[00:15:30] plenty of work to do,
[00:15:34] narrow road leads two and a half kilometers deep into the...
[00:15:39] the bedreto tunnel underneath the mountain range is more than 50 years
[00:15:43] old and no longer in use, and now it's a perfect natural
[00:15:47] laboratory, here the team hopes to make ancient fault
[00:15:50] deep inside the rock slip ever so
[00:15:53] slightly. we're here because of this fault
[00:15:56] zone,
[00:15:57] you can see the boundary here clearly, a thin line, in the
[00:16:01] middle there's this very briddle material called fault
[00:16:04] gauge, that's evidence.
[00:16:37] how does the rupture propagate? why does it continue, and where
[00:16:41] and why does it stop? if we understand the underlying physics
[00:16:45] better, perhaps one day we'll be able to make better
[00:16:47] forecasts. men andrin maya
[00:16:51] and his 70 member team have been planning and building this experiment for
[00:16:55] five years. they've installed more than 200 sensors inside
[00:16:59] the mountain, hoping to capture every moment the earthquake as it
[00:17:03] unfolds. here's how...
[00:17:07] they plan to trigger it, the fault has slipped naturally before,
[00:17:11] producing tiny
[00:17:12] earthquakes.
[00:17:17] To reach it, the team has excavated new tunnel branching off from the
[00:17:21] bagetta lab. From
[00:17:25] here, they'll pump water through three bore holes directly into the
[00:17:29] fault. As water pressure
[00:17:32] increases, the rock begins to shift. The existing
[00:17:36] stresses in the rock. are released, triggering micro
[00:17:39] earthquake. Using
[00:17:43] six high pressure pumps, they'll inject around 2,0 cubic
[00:17:47] meters of water into the bore holes to bring the fault to the point where it
[00:17:51] slips. The pump system
[00:17:54] operates at pressures approaching 200 bar, demanding test
[00:17:58] for the equipment, and a potential hazard for anyone inside the
[00:18:02] tunnel. These are the
[00:18:05] anchoring systems. They're secured with chains and anchor
[00:18:09] pins in case the pressure becomes too high and part the pipew comes
[00:18:13] loose.
[00:18:30] The team checks every sensor and seismic instrument again and
[00:18:34] again.
[00:18:38] they want to make sure that all the data will stream live to the control room
[00:18:42] at eth where the experiment will be
[00:18:45] run. we're about to launch the
[00:18:49] first full-scale experiment
[00:18:50] exciting. two
[00:18:54] weeks later the control room in zuric. in just few
[00:18:58] minutes the test will
[00:18:59] begin.
[00:19:04] one last systems check at the badretto lab.
[00:19:12] It's been a busy night and morning, but everything looks good and we're ready to
[00:19:15] go. The researchers are
[00:19:19] optimistic, the pumps are ready and the safety systems are in
[00:19:23] place.
[00:19:26] So this is button is to manually stop the
[00:19:29] pump so we can press this button, once we have it pressed for
[00:19:33] about 8 seconds, the pumps in the tunnel will stop automatically and...
[00:19:37] is safety procedure that will allow to have a bit more
[00:19:40] control, the last members the team have just
[00:19:44] left the tunnel, this is steam to and that's pressure
[00:19:47] up by one megapascal, here we
[00:19:50] go,
[00:19:57] the pumps are starting up, forcing water deep into the bore
[00:20:00] holes,
[00:20:04] the data stream to zuric is running smoothly.
[00:20:10] just in
[00:20:10] case now comes the waiting game, watching the instruments and waiting for the
[00:20:14] fault to slip.
[00:20:18] pressure inside the fault continues to rise approaching 100
[00:20:21] bar. then
[00:20:25] suddenly a flood of new data
[00:20:27] appears. deep inside the mountain, something has begune
[00:20:31] to
[00:20:31] move.
[00:20:35] we've already detected and located.
[00:20:51] after 3 hours they triggered more than 30
[00:20:54] microquakes.
[00:21:00] looking at it from above,
[00:21:01] you can see that these earthquakes line up along a plane that's roughly parallel to the
[00:21:05] tunnel. that's
[00:21:09] exactly the geological structure we were hoping to
[00:21:12] activate. it's working amazingly
[00:21:15] well. now we just have to keep going and hope will eventually
[00:21:19] reach.
[00:21:30] are already providing valuable clues about how earthquakes
[00:21:32] begin, soon they'll try again,
[00:21:36] hoping to make one tiny part the Gottat Masif slip, just
[00:21:40] enough to trigger the mini earthquake they've been waiting
[00:21:43] for.
[00:21:50] Deep beneath the alps lies resource prized for thousands of
[00:21:53] years.
[00:21:57] Salt, it's mined by pumping water
[00:22:00] underground or cut directly from the rock. Often called
[00:22:04] white gold, it's story began earth's ancient
[00:22:07] oceans. The story
[00:22:11] of this salt began 250 million years
[00:22:14] ago. Today that salt lies deep
[00:22:18] underground. "and we rely
[00:22:21] on salt in more ways than ever before. The seemingly
[00:22:25] humble mineral is one the key raw materials of modern
[00:22:28] life. But table
[00:22:32] salt accounts for only tiny fraction of its use. Most
[00:22:36] salt doesn't land on our plates. It's
[00:22:40] found in products we use every day. Without sodium
[00:22:44] chloride, many aspects of modern life simply wouldn't
[00:22:47] work. So how does such a..." simple substance
[00:22:50] becomes so incredibly versatile, the key lies a
[00:22:54] chemical process that transforms it into three essential chemical
[00:22:58] building blocks. chlorine is used to make plastics like
[00:23:02] pvc, medications, a wide range of chemical
[00:23:06] products and to disinfect drinking
[00:23:08] water. costic soda is
[00:23:12] used to produce aluminum, paper and textiles and much
[00:23:15] more. hydrogen is a
[00:23:19] byproduct, used mainly in industry and increasingly as an
[00:23:22] energy
[00:23:23] carrier.
[00:23:28] One raw material, countless
[00:23:30] products.
[00:23:34] In Germany, salt is an important natural resource and the country
[00:23:38] produces average of 18 million tons of salt every
[00:23:42] year. Most of domestic demand is
[00:23:46] met from these deposits and large amounts of salt are exported.
[00:23:50] every
[00:23:50] year.
[00:23:55] Today's salt deposits formed many millions of years
[00:23:58] ago. Back then a shallow sea
[00:24:02] covered large parts of central
[00:24:04] Europe. Shifting
[00:24:07] tectonic plates created isolated seas and salt
[00:24:10] lakes. As the water evaporated into the hot
[00:24:14] arid climate, the dissolved salts
[00:24:16] crystallized. Eventually layers of salt. were buried
[00:24:20] under sediment and younger rock over and over
[00:24:23] again. Today salt deposits
[00:24:27] in the form of sodium chloride stretch beneath northern and central
[00:24:30] Germany. It's mined and then processed, but not
[00:24:34] all salt is the same. Sodium chloride is only part the
[00:24:38] story. There are also potassium rich salts, the most
[00:24:42] important raw material for potash fertilizer, but
[00:24:46] it's not pure. Much the ore consists of rock salt. and
[00:24:50] other minerals that must be processed and
[00:24:52] separated. these deposits
[00:24:56] are concentrated in central Germany.
[00:25:00] potassium is an essential nutrient for plants. that's why potash
[00:25:04] salts are used around the world to make
[00:25:06] fertilizers. potach salts
[00:25:10] dissolve a soil, releasing potassium that helps plants use
[00:25:14] water efficiently and also resist drott, frost
[00:25:18] and disease. and that in turn increases the
[00:25:21] quantity and quality the
[00:25:23] harvest.
[00:25:28] But potash mining also has a downside. Only part
[00:25:32] the ore is used, while huge quantities remain as solid and
[00:25:36] liquid residues. Over the
[00:25:39] decades, huge waste heaps have built up as some mining
[00:25:42] sites. The KNS mining
[00:25:46] company, for example, extracts up to 40 million tons. with potassium
[00:25:50] rich or year. After
[00:25:54] processing, that becomes just 9.5 million tons of
[00:25:57] marketable products. Most the mined material ends up
[00:26:01] as waste. At just one site in Central
[00:26:05] Germany, hundreds of millions of tons of residue are stored in
[00:26:09] towering heaps, with official approval.
[00:26:13] Rain washes salt from those heaps, creating waste water that's
[00:26:16] discharged into the verga river. Liquid processing
[00:26:20] residues also end up there.
[00:26:24] Salt is raw material essential to much of modern
[00:26:27] life. It helps power our world and reshape
[00:26:30] it. The...
[00:26:32] the question is, at what
[00:26:34] cost?
[00:26:41] this river has a problem, and you can measure
[00:26:43] it. biologist Andre
[00:26:47] Bush and his colleagues are searching for life in
[00:26:50] Nevaga. For
[00:26:53] decades, environmental authorities have been tracking salt levels here,
[00:26:57] and what they're doing to the plants and animals that depend on this
[00:27:00] river. Under the EU water framework
[00:27:04] directive, rivers are graded a five-point scale. Here at
[00:27:08] Gaustungen, the Vera is currently rated as being in poor environmental
[00:27:12] condition. One the
[00:27:15] biggest reasons is salt. For decades, potash mining has
[00:27:19] discharged sailing water into the river. The result is
[00:27:23] salt levels more than 20 times higher than in the healthy
[00:27:26] river. Many the species
[00:27:30] you'd expect to find in fresh water have.
[00:28:02] be different, under EU rules, rivers and lakes are supposed to
[00:28:06] be in good condition by 2027.
[00:28:10] That's essential for clean drinking water and healthy
[00:28:13] ecosystems.
[00:28:20] Further upstream, which isn't affected by the ceiling
[00:28:23] discharges, it's a different
[00:28:24] story. We found
[00:28:28] about 70 species here in the unpolluted section the Vera.
[00:28:32] including important ones like mayflies, catus flies and stone
[00:28:36] flies, which are key indicators for the EU
[00:28:38] guidelines. Their presence is a sign of healthy
[00:28:42] river. It's a glimpse of what the Vera could
[00:28:45] become if salt levels were much
[00:28:47] lower.
[00:28:52] Further downstream though, the discharges are set to
[00:28:55] continue. The KNS mining company has long faced
[00:28:59] criticism over the pollution, but says it's working to reduce. its
[00:29:02] environmental impact. One
[00:29:06] major project is a more environmentally friendly processing
[00:29:10] system designed to eliminate liquid production
[00:29:12] waste. KNS declined our request for an
[00:29:16] interview. In a written statement, the company
[00:29:20] said, "When disposing of solid residues,
[00:29:24] we are also continuously minimizing our environmental
[00:29:27] impact, and using State the Art
[00:29:29] Technology."
[00:29:34] The company's main solution is covering the waste heaps. Layers
[00:29:38] of plastic liner, soil and vegetation are designed to keep
[00:29:42] rainwater out, preventing salt from entering the
[00:29:45] river, but critics question whether it will work in
[00:29:48] the long run. Reducing
[00:29:52] the river salt pollution is technically difficult and
[00:29:55] expensive, and the company says the problem can't be eliminated
[00:29:59] completely. The authorities have repeated. renewed the
[00:30:03] discharge permits, although with progressively tighter
[00:30:06] limits. salt levels in the
[00:30:10] vera have fallen, but the river still has a long way to
[00:30:14] go.
[00:30:18] salt can also have healing properties. salt brine
[00:30:22] has been used in spars for
[00:30:24] centuries.
[00:30:28] now it's helping to grow sea lettuce, bringing a taste the
[00:30:31] sea.
[00:31:15] fresh water, they grow in sea water, or even here
[00:31:18] in brine, so they don't depend on our drinking
[00:31:21] water.
[00:33:45] often called the super food the future. It also contains
[00:33:49] iodine, a trace element our thyroid gland needs to
[00:33:52] function. But in Germany and many other countries, millions of
[00:33:56] people still don't get enough iodine, and here too, salt can be part
[00:34:00] the
[00:34:00] solution.
[00:34:04] Around one and three people in Germany may not be getting enough
[00:34:08] iodine, often without realizing it. Experts have been
[00:34:11] warning about the problem for years. is doctor
[00:34:15] who's campaigning to improve iodine intake in
[00:34:18] Germany. The situation has worsened because
[00:34:22] of lower iodi salt consumption. The main problem is the food
[00:34:25] industry, which still relies mostly on ordinary salt. As
[00:34:29] result, we're getting less iodine from our
[00:34:31] food. We've now reached the point where
[00:34:35] Germany once again meets the WHO criteria for iodine
[00:34:39] deficiency. Both west and east Germany
[00:34:43] began using iodine salt. much more widely in the
[00:34:46] 1980s, but then scientists already understood how
[00:34:50] important iodine is for health. iodine is a
[00:34:53] trace element we need to get from
[00:34:55] food. the thyroid gland uses it
[00:34:59] to produce the hormones t3 and t4, which act on
[00:35:03] almost every cell in the
[00:35:04] body.
[00:35:10] these hormones help regulate the cardiovascular system and blood
[00:35:14] pressure. and support cell growth and development.
[00:35:18] That's why they're important for healthy bones and for the development
[00:35:22] the brain and nervous system. They also help
[00:35:25] regulate metabolism, which influences body weight. To
[00:35:29] little iodine over time can lead to health problems.
[00:35:33] Radiologist Malva Abel often sees thyroid nodules in her
[00:35:37] patients. Long-term iodine deficiency can be one factor in
[00:35:41] their development. Da kann es passieren.