N1HRV — broadcast
20260808 043000 UTC
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[00:00:23] now from building with wood to
[00:00:27] recycling concrete. industry is looking
[00:00:31] for ways to reduce its massive carbon
[00:00:33] footprint, but it's still
[00:00:37] early days for change in the
[00:00:38] sector.
[00:00:43] one new sustainable approach and much more coming up tomorrow
[00:00:47] today.
[00:00:52] could this soil be the answer to the construction sector's dirty little
[00:00:55] secret? we have to really speed up things
[00:00:59] and and we have to drastically transform the way that we handle
[00:01:03] and consume resources at all
[00:01:05] of levels. every week a truck load of
[00:01:09] soil lands in an old aircraft hanger in Berlin. it looks just like
[00:01:12] regular dirt because it is, but squashed into
[00:01:16] of blocks, it becomes something potentially revolutionary. compared to traditional
[00:01:20] clay bricks, making the soil blocks emits 97% less carbon
[00:01:24] dioxide.
[00:01:25] a revolution is needed because in environmental terms the construction
[00:01:29] industry is healthy: the building sector is the world's biggest
[00:01:32] polluter. According to the UN, between 2024 and
[00:01:36] 2025, it accounted for 34% of total global
[00:01:40] CO2
[00:01:41] of emissions. Over the same time period, that's more than the
[00:01:43] of automotive and aviation sectors combined. One
[00:01:47] reason is the way traditional building materials are made. To make them
[00:01:51] strong enough to use, clay bricks are baked in
[00:01:53] of furnaces that hit temperatures exceeding 1,00° celsius and they
[00:01:57] have to spend several days in the oven. Those kilns are typically
[00:02:01] in
[00:02:01] a powered by fossil fuels and release massive amounts of soit and carbon dioxide
[00:02:05] into the atmosphere. It's
[00:02:08] of very cheaply and very fastly built with no intention of lasting
[00:02:11] longer than 40 to 50 years, which is
[00:02:14] of insane. As soon
[00:02:18] as they're no longer wanted, buildings often raised to the ground,
[00:02:22] and lot of that debris just sends up in
[00:02:24] landfall.
[00:02:29] Christian Gater. Earthbound hopes his blocks could change
[00:02:31] this. The soil for them is taken from excavation waste a
[00:02:35] construction site on the outskirts
[00:02:39] a a of Berlin. Germany's federal environment agency reports demolition and
[00:02:41] a construction waste like this comprises the country's biggest waste stream, but
[00:02:45] this earth has
[00:02:46] a different destiny. We were very interested in this
[00:02:50] sort of d-value chain of excavation material being moved from the
[00:02:54] construction side and then just deposited in land filled as
[00:02:57] waste. So we thought there was great potential and actually. using this
[00:03:00] resource. After reaching Christian's sight, the soil is
[00:03:04] first dried and broken up, then mixed with
[00:03:07] a tiny bit of water and
[00:03:08] compressed.
[00:03:13] There's two things that really come together here, one is that the production
[00:03:16] process uh doesn't use any other chemical binders, which on the
[00:03:20] one hand means it's very, very low in terms of co2 emissions, and
[00:03:24] on the other hand, it also means that there are no toxic gases or any
[00:03:28] toxic substances released. in the process when a building is constructed from
[00:03:32] the material. the eco bricks compete with their traditional
[00:03:35] counterparts in terms
[00:03:37] of their ability to bear loads and can support building of up to 17
[00:03:41] meters tall, four or five stories high. each brick can withstand
[00:03:44] roughly 29 metric tons of pressure before breaking. that's
[00:03:48] roughly the weight of 15
[00:03:50] a cars. the blocks can be laid with mortar and
[00:03:53] of plaster also made from earth. rooms in houses made from them are cooler
[00:03:57] and more humid. i really hope that "we can sort of take
[00:04:01] on the conventional maisonry um construction sector and substitute a
[00:04:05] significant share of what nowadays built with
[00:04:08] carbonintensive and also materials that are not recyclable at the end
[00:04:12] of the life cycle with the earth blocks that we are producing which are
[00:04:16] 100% made from waste materials uh very low in terms of
[00:04:19] co2 emissions during the production and at the end
[00:04:22] of the life cycle most importantly we can recycle them to new earth
[00:04:26] building products without any loss of value or without having to'" add any
[00:04:30] new materials. This is
[00:04:34] Sinansen, a researcher at the Natural Building Lab at Berlin's technical
[00:04:38] university. She helped design Germany's first building to use
[00:04:42] recycled wood in load bearing capacity.
[00:04:45] But using reclaim materials is only part
[00:04:47] of the picture. Every part of construction is always
[00:04:51] needing, um, you always extract new materials, you always invest more
[00:04:54] energy, you invest um resources
[00:04:58] and and you also cause.
[00:05:12] sustainable kind of construction, it's not constructing at all. scena's
[00:05:16] project will be a minerals museum for her university. she hopes the use of
[00:05:20] second handwood will spare property developers to follow
[00:05:23] suit. i
[00:05:26] think
[00:05:27] was also good about circular economy is that it's it's it's supporting
[00:05:31] also maybe the development of business models that are focusing more
[00:05:35] on refurbishment and more on transformation instead of new
[00:05:38] construction and demolition, so this may be also
[00:05:41] then in opportunity to drive um industries
[00:05:45] and and economic economies into more
[00:05:48] sustainable direction. preventing
[00:05:52] demolition, repurposing buildings and using eco-friendly materials are
[00:05:56] hallmarks of circular construction. at
[00:06:00] scale, the practices could help sustainably house the
[00:06:03] 2.5 billion more people, the UN says will live in
[00:06:07] urban areas by
[00:06:08] 2050,
[00:06:12] but about air quality in those cities? there are different
[00:06:16] ways to improve it, one them surprisingly
[00:06:18] simple.
[00:06:23] ja ch from the technical university of munich and her
[00:06:26] colleague are in one the city's parks.
[00:06:30] over the course of several months, they've been taking measurements
[00:06:34] here and elsewhere in Munich to verify their
[00:06:37] calculations. they showed that urban green
[00:06:41] spaces can absorb.
[00:07:12] All vegetation is equally effective. Using this
[00:07:16] device, the researchers can, for instance, measure photosynthesis
[00:07:20] activity and grass. In other words, how much CO2
[00:07:23] it absorbs. At the same time, they look at how much the
[00:07:27] greenhouse gas is released back into the atmosphere through
[00:07:31] soil respiration. Their findings show that over the
[00:07:35] course of year, lawns are actually a net source of
[00:07:39] CO2, contributing more emissions than they remove.
[00:07:43] trees are more effective carbon stores, while shrubs and
[00:07:47] bushes can also offset at least part of city's
[00:07:50] emissions. we also developed
[00:07:54] a model to determine the flow of CO2, in other
[00:07:58] words, where carbon dioxide is absorbed and where it's
[00:08:01] emitted. you can think of
[00:08:03] it as map showing exactly where in the city CO2 is
[00:08:07] being taken up and where it's being
[00:08:10] released.
[00:08:44] "my children are always happier when they're outside in green
[00:08:47] spaces.
[00:08:52] Her recommendation, city planners should pay more
[00:08:55] attention to urban greenery. It improves the quality
[00:08:59] of life for residents and also helps improve city's
[00:09:03] carbon
[00:09:04] balance.
[00:09:08] Barcelona showed it can work,
[00:09:11] Paris. Vienna, London and Gent
[00:09:15] in Belgium followed suit. Now it's the German City of
[00:09:19] Nurenburg's turn to experiment with Super blocks when
[00:09:22] standard city blocks are grouped into zones that emphasize car-free
[00:09:26] public spaces. A jungle
[00:09:30] gym going up a playground in Nurenburg. Guran
[00:09:34] Feda is member of an initiative to reshape the Gustenhoff
[00:09:38] neighborhood. The city supports the project and in
[00:09:42] the...
[00:10:12] would have been impossible. now people meet
[00:10:16] up here to chat. has
[00:10:20] been living here for over 20 years, she welcomes the
[00:10:23] changes.
[00:11:04] more space for active
[00:11:06] At mobility, such
[00:11:07] creates the as same walking time, and it cycling, while
[00:11:09] often
[00:11:13] making them nicer places to spend
[00:11:15] time. Improving the quality
[00:11:19] of public spaces, making it more comfortable for people to
[00:11:22] spend time on their streets.
[00:12:26] As result, through traffic there fell by 60%, while
[00:12:30] cycling increased by the same amount, public transport use
[00:12:34] rose by 12%, and the effects weren't just short
[00:12:37] term. In gent, car
[00:12:41] ownership declined over several years, from
[00:12:44] 1.2 cars per household to roughly one car per
[00:12:47] household. These are effects that emerge when people rethink
[00:12:51] their habits in the medium to long term and then decide. They
[00:12:55] need a may car anymore because they use other means of
[00:12:58] transport. not
[00:13:02] actually Supporters in Guston Hofe hope for similar success story.
[00:13:06] They organized association and raised over
[00:13:09] 77 through crowd funding.
[00:13:12] A flood of volunteers followed.
[00:13:16] Incredible number of people suddenly wanted to get involved
[00:13:19] because they realized they could create something tangible with their
[00:13:23] own efforts.
[00:13:55] how often are people actually out on their balconies? maybe six months
[00:13:59] a year after that it grows too cold, so
[00:14:02] for half the year, the super block will probably just empty
[00:14:06] out. he wants
[00:14:09] representation for every interest group in the
[00:14:12] neighborhood.
[00:14:16] we need to look at what different social groups make up society
[00:14:20] here and perhaps set up around table, one
[00:14:24] where families. seniors, singles and people with or
[00:14:28] without an immigrant background are all represented.
[00:14:32] We should first ask how the idea is being received, what does
[00:14:35] each group actually need in order to accept the super
[00:14:38] block? whether a super
[00:14:42] block succeeds or fails depends largely on public
[00:14:46] acceptance, so who should take the initiative, residents or local
[00:14:50] authorities? experts say there's no one size fits all
[00:14:54] solution.
[00:15:37] the super block is a forward thinking experiment.
[00:15:41] if we want our cities to remain livable and to ensure a high quality
[00:15:45] of life, even 50 years down the road, we'll have to change the physical
[00:15:49] structure of those cities. we still have too much asphalt and
[00:15:53] concrete and too much parking. projects like
[00:15:56] this create room for playing, outdoor dining, trees
[00:16:00] and for all the cultural and social activities people
[00:16:03] need. in september 2026.
[00:16:07] the decision will be taken on whether
[00:16:09] the temporary changes will be made permanent. its proponents
[00:16:13] will do all they can to ensure this new public space will in
[00:16:17] the future remain filled with life rather than
[00:16:21] cars. and
[00:16:25] how are landscapes changing outside cities? germany's
[00:16:28] countryside is no longer devoted just to farms.
[00:16:32] renewable energy is now harvested there as well and that can
[00:16:36] be controversial. Around 60 km
[00:16:40] east of Berlin, you'll find the Merkisher Schweiz, idilic
[00:16:44] nature park that's a popular recreational destination for the city's
[00:16:47] residence. The question is, for how much longer,
[00:16:51] renewable energy developers are moving aggressively into the
[00:16:55] region. If investor plans move forward, large
[00:16:59] solar farms will be built along the park's edges.
[00:17:03] Opposition has been growing in the nearby town of Munchag
[00:17:06] where in...
[00:17:14] and we to the
[00:17:14] need protect climent, but we shouldn't be doing it everywhere and
[00:17:18] regardless the cost, some gems like nature parks
[00:17:22] need to be preserved, kept free of large technical
[00:17:25] installations in the landscape. We need Though
[00:17:29] understanding the
[00:17:30] transition the concerns, energy the local chapter of nature non-profit warns
[00:17:34] that pitting climate protection against nature conservation. a
[00:17:37] bad idea. Yan Zama is also
[00:17:41] active in the initiative. His farm borders one
[00:17:45] the sites being considered for solar
[00:17:48] park. He's
[00:17:51] harvesting kale today. Together with his partner,
[00:17:55] Zama grows produce for the Berlin market. The
[00:17:59] farm was their dream, and one they had long
[00:18:02] pursued. The couple moved to Munchag 17 years
[00:18:06] ago to be... close as possible to nature, they use
[00:18:10] horses instead of tractors, that keeps the soil from
[00:18:14] compacting, allowing it to retain more
[00:18:16] water, organic farming on 70
[00:18:20] hectares, sustainable practices that
[00:18:23] work, but plans for solar parks could now
[00:18:27] change
[00:18:27] things,
[00:18:31] es ist tatsächlich so gewesen, dass auch unsere
[00:18:33] Verpächter,
[00:19:10] The farmer fears for his livelihood. We tried to
[00:19:14] speak with the investors about his accusations, but received no
[00:19:18] response. The utility company initially agreed
[00:19:22] to an interview, but later told us it had withdrawn from the
[00:19:26] project. For Yanzama, the playing field
[00:19:30] is anything but level. According to him, the investors
[00:19:33] offered his landlord 20 to 30 times more than
[00:20:42] says the issue goes beyond just changes to the landscape,
[00:20:46] it's also about the energy transition creating winners and
[00:21:20] Yanzama hopes his landlord will reject the investor's
[00:21:23] offer and allow him to stay on the farm and he'll
[00:21:27] continue fighting to leave the nature park as it is.
[00:21:31] Why he asks should solar arrays be built in a protected
[00:21:35] area? The beauty of solar power is that the
[00:21:38] panels don't care where they are, they just need to face the
[00:21:42] sun. That means renewable electricity can be generated
[00:21:46] on sealed surfaces, rooftops and parking lots.
[00:21:50] there they don't cause problems, on the
[00:21:52] contrary. officials in muncheberg say
[00:21:55] they're carefully reviewing all the arguments and that decision
[00:21:59] has yet to be taken.
[00:22:01] conservationist has seen
[00:22:05] similar disputes elsewhere and how they
[00:22:07] end. es gibt in
[00:22:10] brandburg. in Brandenburg, there's a law stating that
[00:22:14] municipalities have to receive financial compensation when
[00:22:18] solar farms or wind turbines.
[00:22:50] agriculture, we're a difficult position, on the one
[00:22:53] hand, producing food is our primary
[00:22:56] responsibility,
[00:23:03] und dazu zählt natürlich auch,
[00:23:06] agricultural businesses need to consider how they can use
[00:23:10] the land they own, i'm specifically talking about land owned by
[00:23:14] farmers to strengthen their economic
[00:23:16] stability, and that can include investing in
[00:23:28] what the authorities decide, land ownership plays
[00:23:31] crucial role in the issue, both for him and for Germany's
[00:23:35] energy
[00:23:36] transition.
[00:23:42] Speaking of renewable energy, here's a great
[00:23:45] question from our viewer Bernard in
[00:23:48] Ghana. How
[00:23:51] do solar panels
[00:23:53] work? Solar panels,
[00:23:57] also called solar modules are made up of number of solar cells
[00:24:01] linked together. About 95% of all solar
[00:24:05] cells are currently made from silicon obtained from quartz
[00:24:08] sand. It's melted and cleaned in a complex
[00:24:11] process. The resulting silicon is cut into thin slices
[00:24:15] called wafers. To make the cell electrically
[00:24:18] conductive, silicon is intentionally contaminated or
[00:24:22] doped, some wafers with boron,
[00:24:26] others with phosphorus. When the
[00:24:30] wafers doped with boron and phosphorus are placed together,
[00:24:34] excess electrons migrate from the phosphorus silicone layer into the
[00:24:37] boron silicone layer. This leads to a surplus of
[00:24:41] electrons at the bottom and a shortage them at the top. Similar
[00:24:45] to battery, solar cells have positive and negative
[00:24:48] poles. When sunlight strikes the cell, electrons
[00:24:52] are released in the silicon boron layer. Since they're negatively
[00:24:56] charged, they're drawn to the positive pole. Solar cells
[00:25:00] also have metallic conductors at their top and bottom. The free
[00:25:04] electrons travel along these tracks, generating an electrical
[00:25:08] current as long as the sun is
[00:25:10] shining.
[00:25:15] When more light strikes the surface, more power is
[00:25:18] generated. yield, solar modules are usually
[00:25:22] connected in series and linked up to form larger
[00:25:25] systems, but even small modules can generate
[00:25:29] enough electricity for everyday needs, more than
[00:25:33] 11% of all renewable energy already comes from solar
[00:25:37] energy, increasing trend, it's a form of
[00:25:40] energy with almost infinite
[00:25:42] potential.
[00:25:47] what are stars made of? how many? colors can
[00:25:50] butterflies see? could robots have
[00:25:54] babies one day? do you
[00:25:56] have science question? then send it
[00:25:58] to us as a video, text or voice message. If
[00:26:02] we answer it in the show then we'll send you a little gift as a thank you,
[00:26:06] so just
[00:26:07] ask.
[00:26:12] That's all we have time for, but we hope to see you again soon
[00:26:15] tomorrow today. Bye for
[00:26:17] now.
[00:26:44] It's all over the internet, oh
[00:26:46] my god, look at that, with some videos reaching more than 50
[00:26:50] million views, the
[00:26:52] crunchy,
[00:26:56] chunky chocolate bar, this is
[00:26:59] phenomenal, people from all around the world know, where to find it?
[00:27:03] Dubai, Dubai, Dubai, but they struggle to recreate
[00:27:07] it. For the first time, there we go, the woman behind
[00:27:11] the famous chocolate craze is sharing some of her
[00:27:14] secrets. Sarah, hey, how are you? You too, all
[00:27:18] right, I'm looking forward to this. We're making some chocolate. Let's do
[00:27:20] it. What are we doing today? We're making the can't get
[00:27:24] cana, but
[00:27:25] this is the viral chocolate that's taken Dubai by storm. Yes it is. When
[00:27:29] did you start doing this? It started out in 2021. you weren't in the food
[00:27:33] business before? no, no, no, nothing. i have no culinary experience uh
[00:27:37] whatsoever. i woke up one day and i i said i want to open a chocolate business. and then
[00:27:41] all of sudden it just blows up. yeah. what what happened? we
[00:27:44] had um one these tik tokkers
[00:27:47] uh Maria. everyone sees her face everywhere now. thanks
[00:27:51] maria. and then it just went viral and things went crazy.
[00:27:54] and this is probably one the most difficult aspects of it to replicate right?
[00:27:58] it's the the coloring on the outside. yeah, so... what to
[00:28:02] do uh, what's the secret? say
[00:28:05] something, she's not giving away her secret.
[00:28:09] so what's been the most challenging part? uh, keeping up with
[00:28:12] demand definitely is has been a challenge. um, now that it has
[00:28:16] you know people from around the world, you know, asking us to deliver, and
[00:28:20] we're not able to do that right now. it's it's only for people in Dubai
[00:28:24] right now, only for people in Dubai. so if you want your fixed chocolate, you got to fly over to
[00:28:27] Dubai. so now I need to, I need to case this now with chocolate. yes, you do, you
[00:28:31] do. perfect, i wouldn't say
[00:28:34] perfect, but it's good, it's good, so now we have to fill it,
[00:28:37] yep, all right, moment of
[00:28:39] truth,
[00:28:42] wow, not bad, what a thing of
[00:28:45] beauty, i uh, haven't eaten
[00:28:49] anything all day cuz i've been waiting for this one, yes, yes,
[00:28:52] oh, look at
[00:28:53] that,
[00:28:59] it's so filling, it's it's a dessert in itself, mean they're they're
[00:29:03] expensive right, let's not
[00:29:05] be re like around $20 us, almost $20, our b is all
[00:29:08] handmade, the art is all by hand, and these things
[00:29:12] take time, we were doing around six to seven orders when we first started, six or seven
[00:29:16] orders a day, and right now we're doing 100 orders per minute, 100 orders per
[00:29:20] minute, yeah, that is wild, are you scared that this
[00:29:24] viral hype is going to die out, so every day i obviously ask this
[00:29:27] question um to myself and i do think you know
[00:29:31] this all going to die is... is you know every trend has its
[00:29:34] moment and I think we have so much more to give um
[00:29:38] and
[00:29:39] you know I think this is just the beginning for us, feel like we need some
[00:29:41] water, no just wash it down with more
[00:29:44] chocolate, it'll be
[00:29:46] fine.
[00:30:04] Povratak u prošlost istražujemo bogato naslijeđe
[00:30:08] židovske zajednice u poljskom Krakovu. Na
[00:30:12] krilima Sunca pratimo rad animatorskog tima u
[00:30:15] jednom španjolskom
[00:30:16] ljetovalištu. A znate li
[00:30:20] što je pastirska pita? Upoznajemo vas s ovim tradicionalnim
[00:30:24] britanskim specijalitetom. Sve i puno više
[00:30:28] današnjem
[00:30:28] Euromaxu.
[00:30:44] U određenim dijelovima Krakova možete duboko zaroniti u
[00:30:48] židovsku prošlost. Ovaj grad stoljećima je bio jedan od
[00:30:52] glavnih središta židovskog života u Evropi, to se najbolje vidi
[00:30:56] kaži Mirzu, ali budući da danas tamo gotovo nema.