N1HRV — broadcast
20260808 173000 UTC
394 transcript segments
Google Speech-to-Text API Automatic Transcription (Chirp)
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[00:00:00] to the control room at ETHH Zuric where the experiment will be
[00:00:03] run. We're about to launch
[00:00:07] the first full-scale experiment. It's
[00:00:09] exciting. Two
[00:00:13] weeks later, the control room in Zurich. In just few
[00:00:17] minutes,
[00:00:17] the test will
[00:00:19] me begin.
[00:00:22] of One last systems check at the badretto lab 100 km
[00:00:26] away. Yeah.
[00:00:31] It's been a busy night and morning, but everything looks good and we're ready to
[00:00:34] go. The researchers are
[00:00:38] optimistic, the pumps are ready and the safety systems are in
[00:00:44] of place. So this is button is to manually stop the
[00:00:48] pump, so we can press this button, once we have it pressed for
[00:00:52] about 8 seconds, the pumps in the tunnel will stop
[00:00:54] of automatically, and this is safety procedure that will allow to have a
[00:00:58] bit more control. "the last members
[00:01:01] of the team have just left the
[00:01:03] of tunnel, of this is team two and that's pressure up by 1
[00:01:07] megapascal, here we
[00:01:09] go,
[00:01:15] the pumps are
[00:01:16] in starting up, forcing water deep into the bore
[00:01:18] holes,
[00:01:23] the data stream to zuric is running
[00:01:25] of smoothly, now
[00:01:29] of comes the..."
[00:01:29] watching the instruments and waiting for the fault to
[00:01:33] slip. pressure
[00:01:37] inside the
[00:01:38] of fault continues to rise approaching 100
[00:01:40] bar. then
[00:01:43] suddenly a flood of new data
[00:01:46] appears. deep inside the mountain, something has began
[00:01:50] to
[00:01:50] move.
[00:01:54] we've already detected and located more than a thous quakes since we started the
[00:01:58] simulation. They're almost certainly induced by us, given their
[00:02:02] number and size. We're doing this on
[00:02:06] of purpose.
[00:02:10] After 3 hours, they triggered more than 3,0
[00:02:13] microquakes.
[00:02:19] at it from above,
[00:02:23] Looking you can see that these earthquakes line up along a plane that's roughly parallel
[00:02:24] to the
[00:02:24] tunnel.
[00:02:30] structure we were hoping to activate, it's working
[00:02:33] amazingly well, now we just have to keep going and hope will
[00:02:37] eventually reach magnitude one, dass
[00:02:39] es
[00:02:46] thousands of microquakes are already providing valuable clues
[00:02:50] about how earthquakes begin, soon they'll
[00:02:54] try again, hoping to make one tiny part
[00:02:57] of the gotat slip just enough to... trigger the mini
[00:03:00] earthquake they've been waiting
[00:03:02] for,
[00:03:08] of deep beneath the alps lies
[00:03:10] a resource prized for thousands of
[00:03:12] years,
[00:03:16] salt, it's mined by pumping water
[00:03:20] of underground or cut directly from the
[00:03:22] of of rock, often called white gold, its story began earth's ancient
[00:03:26] oceans. this Story
[00:03:30] of this salt began 250 million years
[00:03:33] ago. Today that salt lies deep
[00:03:36] underground. And we rely
[00:03:40] on salt in more ways than ever before. The seemingly
[00:03:44] humble mineral is one
[00:03:45] of the key raw materials of modern
[00:03:47] life. But
[00:03:51] table salt accounts for only
[00:03:52] a tiny fraction of its use. Most salt doesn't land on our
[00:03:56] plates. It's found. products we use
[00:04:00] every day, without
[00:04:02] of sodium
[00:04:03] of chloride, many aspects of modern life simply wouldn't
[00:04:06] work, so how does such
[00:04:08] a simple substance become so incredibly versatile?
[00:04:12] the key lies
[00:04:13] in a chemical process that transforms it into three essential
[00:04:17] chemical building blocks. chlorine is used to make plastics
[00:04:21] like pvc, medications, a wide range of chemical products
[00:04:25] in and to disinfect drinking
[00:04:26] water. caustic Soda is used
[00:04:30] to produce aluminum, paper and textiles and much
[00:04:33] more. Hydrogen is a
[00:04:37] byproduct used mainly in
[00:04:40] of industry and increasingly as an energy
[00:04:42] carrier.
[00:04:47] One raw material, countless
[00:04:51] a products. In
[00:04:54] of Germany, salt is an important natural resource and the country produces
[00:04:58] average of 18 million. tons of salt every
[00:05:01] year. Most of domestic demand is
[00:05:05] met from these deposits and large amounts of salt are exported
[00:05:09] of every year.
[00:05:14] Today salt deposits formed many millions of years
[00:05:17] ago. Back then a shallow sea covered
[00:05:21] large parts of central
[00:05:22] Europe. Shifting
[00:05:26] tectonic plates created isolated seas and salt
[00:05:29] lakes. As the water evaporated into the hot
[00:05:33] arid climate, the dissolved salts
[00:05:35] crystallized. Eventually layers of salt were buried
[00:05:39] under sediment and younger rock over and over again.
[00:05:44] Today salt deposits in the form of sodium chloride stretch beneath
[00:05:48] northern and central Germany, it's mined and then
[00:05:51] processed, but not all salt is the same.
[00:05:55] Sodium chloride is only part the story. There are also
[00:05:59] potassium rich salts, the most important raw material for potash
[00:06:03] fertilizer, but it's not pure. Much the
[00:06:07] ore consists of rock salt and other minerals that must be processed and
[00:06:11] separated. These
[00:06:14] deposits are concentrated in Central
[00:06:16] Germany. Potassium is an essential
[00:06:20] nutrient for plants. That's why potash salts are used around the
[00:06:24] world to make fertilizers. Potache
[00:06:28] salts dissolve a soil, releasing potassium that helps
[00:06:32] plants use water efficiently and also resist
[00:06:35] drott, frost and disease, and
[00:06:39] that in turn increases the quantity and quality the.
[00:06:46] but potash mining also has a downside: only part the
[00:06:50] ore is used, while huge quantities remain as solid and
[00:06:54] liquid residues. Over
[00:06:57] the decades, huge waste heaps have built up as some mining
[00:07:01] sites. The KNS mining
[00:07:05] company,
[00:07:06] for example extracts up to 40 million tons of potassium
[00:07:09] rich
[00:07:10] ore year. After processing, that
[00:07:14] becomes just 9.5 million tons of marketable
[00:07:17] products. Most the mined material ends up as
[00:07:20] waste. At just one site in central
[00:07:24] Germany, hundreds of millions of tons of residue are stored in
[00:07:27] towering heaps, with official approval.
[00:07:31] Rain washes salt from those heaps, creating waste water that's
[00:07:35] discharged into the verra river. Liquid processing
[00:07:39] residues also end up there.
[00:07:43] Salt is raw material essential to much of modern
[00:07:46] life. It helps power our world and reshape
[00:07:49] it. The question is, at what
[00:07:52] cost?
[00:07:59] This river has a problem, and you can measure
[00:08:02] it. Biologist Andre
[00:08:06] Bush and his colleagues are searching for life in
[00:08:08] Nevara. For
[00:08:12] decades, environmental authorities have been tracking salt levels here
[00:08:16] and what they're doing to the plants and animals that depend on this
[00:08:19] river. Under the EU Water Framework
[00:08:23] directive, rivers are graded a five-point scale. Here at
[00:08:27] Galstungen, the Vera is currently rated as being in poor environmental
[00:08:30] condition. One the
[00:08:34] biggest reasons is salt. For decades, potash mining has
[00:08:38] discharged sailing water into the river. The result is.
[00:09:12] and gut weeed, their abundance is another clear sign the river's
[00:09:16] high salt content,
[00:09:20] by now things should be different, under EU rules, rivers
[00:09:24] and lakes are supposed to be in good condition by
[00:09:26] 2027, that's essential for clean
[00:09:30] drinking water and healthy
[00:09:32] ecosystems,
[00:09:39] further upstream, which isn't affected by the sailen disc
[00:10:12] The discharges are set to continue. The KNS mining
[00:10:16] company has long faced criticism over the pollution, but says it's
[00:10:20] working to reduce its environmental
[00:10:22] impact. One major project
[00:10:26] is a more environmentally friendly processing system, designed
[00:10:30] to eliminate liquid production waste.
[00:10:33] KNS declined our request for an interview. In a written
[00:10:37] statement, the company said, when disposing of
[00:10:41] solid residues, we are also continuously minimizing our
[00:10:45] environmental impact and using State the art
[00:10:48] technology.
[00:10:53] The company's main solution is the waste heaps. layers
[00:10:57] of plastic liner, soil and vegetation are designed to keep
[00:11:00] rainwater out, preventing salt from entering the
[00:11:03] river, but critics question whether it will work in the
[00:11:07] long run. reducing
[00:11:11] the river salt pollution is technically difficult and
[00:11:14] expensive, and the company says the problem can't be eliminated
[00:11:18] completely. the authorities have repeatedly renewed the
[00:11:22] discharge permits, although with progressively.
[00:11:25] limits: salt levels in the
[00:11:29] vera have fallen, but the river still has a long way
[00:11:32] to
[00:11:37] go. salt can also have healing properties.
[00:11:40] salt brine has been used
[00:11:42] in spas
[00:11:42] for centuries.
[00:11:46] now it's helping to grow sea lettuce, bringing a taste the
[00:11:50] sea closer to home.
[00:11:54] forget.
[00:11:54] could
[00:15:04] called the super food the future. it also contains
[00:15:07] iodine, a trace element our thyroid gland needs to
[00:15:11] function, but in Germany and many other countries, millions of
[00:15:15] people still don't get enough iodine and here too, salt can be part
[00:15:19] the
[00:15:19] solution.
[00:15:23] around one and three peop in Germany may not be getting enough
[00:15:26] iodine, often without realizing it. Experts have been
[00:15:30] warning about the problem for years. Yoken Fed Cump is doctor
[00:15:34] who's campaigning to improve iodine intake in Germany.
[00:16:07] already understood how important iodine is for
[00:16:10] health. iodine is a trace element we need to get from
[00:16:14] food. the thyroid gland uses it
[00:16:18] to produce the hormones t3 and t4, which act on
[00:16:22] almost every cell in the
[00:16:23] body.
[00:16:29] these hormones help regulate the cardiovascular system and blood
[00:16:33] pressure and supports cell growth and development.
[00:16:36] that's why are important for healthy bones and for the
[00:16:40] development the brain and nervous system. they
[00:16:44] also help regulate metabolism, which influences body
[00:16:46] weight. too little iodine over time can lead to
[00:16:50] health problems. radiologist melva abell often
[00:16:54] sees thyroid nodules in her patients. long-term iodine
[00:16:58] deficiency can be one factor in their
[00:17:00] development. the thyroid can
[00:17:03] enlarge
[00:17:04] and that may contribute to nodules developing over time.
[00:17:37] but if the thyroid can no longer produce enough hormones, symptoms
[00:17:41] may include feeling cold, dry skin, hair
[00:17:45] loss, weight gain as well as low mood and problems
[00:17:49] with memory and concentration. Over the long term,
[00:17:52] iodine deficiency can cause what's known as a
[00:17:55] goider. For adults, the WHO recommends a
[00:17:59] daily intake of 150
[00:18:01] micrograms. 5 grams of
[00:18:05] iodized salt provides roughly 100.
[00:19:37] contain very little iodine. A diet based mainly on
[00:19:41] fresh unprocessed foods provides about 120 micrograms
[00:19:45] of iodine a day. Fish and seaweed are naturally rich
[00:19:49] sources of iodine, but in Germany most people don't eat them
[00:19:53] regularly. Milk, dairy products and eggs
[00:19:56] also provide small amounts, partly because iodine is added to animal
[00:20:00] feed. Fruit and vegetables
[00:20:04] generally contain very little in much of germany.
[00:20:50] Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy and breastfeeding can cause
[00:20:54] lasting developmental problems, even a mild deficiency may
[00:20:58] affect a child's brain
[00:20:59] development. Studies suggest
[00:21:03] that children, received too little iodine in the womb may later do
[00:21:07] less well in areas such as reading
[00:21:08] comprehension. Some studies have also
[00:21:12] found slightly lower IQ scores. That's why adequate
[00:21:16] iodine is important for the developing brain.
[00:21:21] And for many people, iodized salt is still the simplest way to
[00:21:25] get more
[00:21:25] iodine.
[00:21:52] AI mijenja pravila igre ili ih je već promijenio? u AI
[00:21:56] central pointu otkrivamo inovacije koje pomiču granice, od
[00:22:00] pametnih algoritama do tehnologija koje već danas oblikuju našu
[00:22:04] budućnost. tko vodi utrku, tko zaostaje i što to
[00:22:08] znači za čovječanstvo? ne propustite ai central point,
[00:22:11] mjesto gdje budućnost počinje. četvrtkom u 8 sati
[00:22:15] navečer, samo na N1
[00:22:17] Televiziji. "Ne
[00:22:21] mislim da je mahanje zastavama moj posao, nije ni da
[00:22:25] se svidim svima, moj posao je da prenesem činjenice
[00:22:28] kažem istinu, koliko god ju možda nekad nije ugodno čuti,
[00:22:32] jer novinarstvo nije PR, nije politikanstvo
[00:22:36] nije reality šou, novinarstvo je javna
[00:22:39] služba, jer odustati od postavljanja teških
[00:22:43] neugodnih pitanja, traženja teških odgovora znači
[00:22:47] odustati od demokracije, u vremenu..." poljuljanog povjerenja
[00:22:51] u institucije i krhke vjerodostojnosti
[00:22:54] novinarstvo ne smije šutjeti. Ja sam Hrvoje Krešić i
[00:22:58] gledajte me na N1
[00:22:59] Televiziji.
[00:23:36] A Chicago area woman named Michelle Cabrera was at risk of
[00:23:39] losing her site so she decided to see the
[00:23:43] world before it happened. Our travels are now inspiration for
[00:23:46] girls across the globe and many boys. Have listen. to what she
[00:23:50] told us about the places and the people that she's
[00:23:53] visited. me and my family were always
[00:23:56] adventurous growing up. i used to go fishing with my dad all the
[00:24:00] time and he would teach me archery and a bunch of different things.
[00:24:04] i used to watch lot of indiana jones and all the
[00:24:07] people that i saw that were you know like um
[00:24:11] severwin like all the adventurous people were all men. i was
[00:24:15] waiting waiting and for to see woman do adventurous things and i just
[00:24:18] never saw that. i got glasses when i was seven eight and
[00:24:22] the floater started appearing even more and more and didn't i didn't realize
[00:24:26] that they were not normal until later on and when i was
[00:24:30] 19 it got pretty bad and told my parents i'm
[00:24:34] starting to see lot of blurs in my vision like should we get that checked out and they said
[00:24:38] yeah so we went to the eye doctor and they told me
[00:24:42] that based on my family's eye history
[00:24:46] that i was at increased risk for retinal detachment
[00:24:50] sudden blindness, hearing that 19 years
[00:24:52] old, didn't think that life was worth
[00:24:56] living if i couldn't see anything, and i just remember
[00:25:00] sitting there thinking, okay, if i have one year to
[00:25:03] truly live how i want to live, oh well, why don't i become that
[00:25:07] person, help inspire other girls to go out and adventure the
[00:25:11] world, and so then left
[00:25:13] a 19 to go live a remote village in the
[00:25:17] Himalayas with family, i volunteered as an English teacher by
[00:25:21] myself and it was the most life-changing experience ever, the
[00:25:25] moment that I got there, I hiked for five days, check for
[00:25:28] five days to get to this village, stayed in teases along the way
[00:25:32] with random families, um, got covered in
[00:25:36] leeches, maybe had 50 leeches on me as I was trecking through
[00:25:39] monsoon rain, people called me their sister,
[00:25:43] daughter, and it was crazy to make relationships with people that don't even
[00:25:46] speak the same languages to you, I ended up like raising money. for
[00:25:50] $4,000 to build the first ever water purification
[00:25:54] system in Anapurna region of Nepal and I built it for this
[00:25:58] school for the kids because lot them suffered from water born
[00:26:01] parasites. "whether you're family by blood or just
[00:26:05] family by community, it's a beautiful, beautiful thing, and that's what I love so much about
[00:26:08] outside of western culture and traveling to central Asia like
[00:26:12] Kirgisstan, Tajikistan, I've been to Uzbekistan, China,
[00:26:16] these places have really spoken lot to me, hundreds of
[00:26:20] thousands of people that have helped along the way when I
[00:26:24] missed bus and had no idea where to go
[00:26:27] and someone offer me to stay at their grandma's home or
[00:26:31] when..." lost all my cash and fell out of
[00:26:35] my pocket and didn't have any money left and some random stranger came up to
[00:26:39] me and told me, oh you can come with me, i'll i'll
[00:26:42] get
[00:26:43] you food, and they cooked me up a homemade meal. so many americans think oh it's
[00:26:46] about where what resort do you stay at or you know
[00:26:50] what tour did you go to do these experiences? no, you have
[00:26:54] to you know fully immerse yourself and talk to people and learn
[00:26:58] about their culture and show that you're willing to learn. lot of people say curiosity
[00:27:02] kills the... but it seems like i've had over nine lives because
[00:27:05] the amount of near death experiences that i've had from
[00:27:08] traveling. i've stayed in places where
[00:27:11] i found mouse poop on my bed right before i was about to sleep
[00:27:14] and like huge cockroaches and giant spiders aside like bigger
[00:27:18] than the size of my face. everything's a budget. i'm hitch- hiking and eating
[00:27:22] street food constantly, surviving off of gas station food. i don't
[00:27:26] recommend, but in your 20s you got to do what you got to do if you want to
[00:27:30] stay in places for long. periods of
[00:27:33] time and I've gotten myself injured. I mean, you can probably
[00:27:37] see my my poteller tendon, like the scarring on that
[00:27:41] on my knee tendon right there. That's from Australia when I
[00:27:44] ruptured, I completely ruptured my tendon while I was standing in the ocean
[00:27:48] and like wave hit and my foot got stuck in the sand and just fully
[00:27:52] snapped off, my kept went to my quad. Most people would say, oh michelle,
[00:27:56] like that didn't turn you back home.
[00:27:59] And no, there's so much that this world has to offer.
[00:28:02] and i can't imagine just staying in my hometown
[00:28:06] where and it's hard for me even go think about going back home
[00:28:10] because i it's
[00:28:11] like i outgrew this environment the doctors did tell me before i had
[00:28:15] left that my eyes had stabilized a bit more
[00:28:19] they said there's a possibility of me doing lay sick
[00:28:22] um i'm kind of scared to do it though i think it's all in
[00:28:26] god's hand so whatever happens happens my eyeesight
[00:28:30] issue was truly a bless in disguise, i
[00:28:34] don't think that i would have gone out of my way to
[00:28:37] go travel at such young age and been okay
[00:28:41] with being uncomfortable in these experiences, if
[00:28:44] didn't have that happen to me in whatever way do
[00:28:48] want to inspire people to continue to try new things and i'll
[00:28:52] continue to push for the life that i want to live as
[00:28:55] well.
[00:29:00] oh thanks to the wonderful. of her story, Michelle is an ambassador for the
[00:29:04] platform nomad sister, sight for solo female travelers seeking
[00:29:08] support. She encourages women to step out their comfort
[00:29:12] zones. Find out more
[00:29:13] there.
[00:29:21] Not very far from the edge the Gironde Wildfire, some the
[00:29:25] Bordeaux region's finest grapes are ripening. The
[00:29:29] owner of Chateau Smith Olafied says they were lucky. "the
[00:29:32] flames were 18 kilometers away and the smoke never made it
[00:29:36] here, and looking at these grapes, it isn't simply that the the smell
[00:29:40] came to you for a couple of times, a couple of hours, you didn't get the smoke, we're far from the
[00:29:44] fires, and the grapes are such that they are impermeable at this point anyway,
[00:29:48] totally, because you see uh, if you touch them it's very hard,
[00:29:51] and we we didn't we have maybe two hours of
[00:29:55] bad smell, not, not, not ashes, nothing, so
[00:29:59] it's perfect, the vineyards here go back to the..." 14th
[00:30:03] century, from the vantage point the chateau's tower, Florence
[00:30:07] Catiar explains that the real challenge this year has been protecting her
[00:30:10] organically grown grapes from the summer's extreme heat. Oh, it's
[00:30:14] beautiful
[00:30:15] from up here. Under the chateau's floorboards, you get a glimpse of
[00:30:19] what's at stake. They call this paradise, where the properties,
[00:30:23] most ancient and expensive wines are kept. This is very
[00:30:26] special piece, and in fact you can have, you you can see
[00:30:30] here all the... bottle, the oldest we have
[00:30:34] here,
[00:30:35] it is 1878. as we taste
[00:30:39] 2016, yan lodeo says this year's
[00:30:42] vintage will be unharmed by the fires, but redrawn by the
[00:30:46] heat. i try to make the best wine we
[00:30:50] can make for each vintage. so it's
[00:30:53] reinvention, exactly. unlike recent vintages affected by
[00:30:57] wildfires in napa.