N1HRV — broadcast
20260920 010000 UTC
314 transcript segments
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[00:00:00] team was on sight, but no need, the operation went without a
[00:00:03] hitch. the patient diagnosed with early
[00:00:07] stage prostate cancer is something of a trail
[00:00:10] blazer.
[00:00:16] it's a real honor for me to
[00:00:19] be the first Angolan operated on via remote
[00:00:23] surgery. for the pool
[00:00:27] patel, the possibilities are immense. as long as the hospital
[00:00:31] can afford the equipment, procedures could even be performed without
[00:00:34] on-side personnel. now you can help people all over the
[00:00:38] world at the click of a button. right now this robot is connected to Sao
[00:00:42] Paulo, Brazil, it's connected to Kuwait,
[00:00:45] Morocco,
[00:00:47] of Shanghai, of Angola, and it's about to be connected to multiple
[00:00:51] other cities, so imagine from one place, now
[00:00:55] you can help people around the globe, doctor operating
[00:00:58] across continents. is incredible, digital healthcare can save
[00:01:02] lives all around the world, but technology alone can't solve
[00:01:06] everything, navigating issues like trust, cultural differences
[00:01:10] and access is the
[00:01:35] of Did I do the right
[00:01:38] thing? Should
[00:01:40] in I go see doctor? What should I cook for
[00:01:43] dinner? People are turning to artificial intelligence as a
[00:01:47] constant companion, chatting with it almost like it's
[00:01:52] a a close friend. But what is AI actually good
[00:01:55] at? When should we trust it, and when should we be more
[00:01:59] skeptic?
[00:02:13] decisions, replacing psychotherapist, or even a
[00:02:16] in friend, whatever the problem, artificial intelligence always seems to have the
[00:02:20] right answer, but hamburg-based AI researcher
[00:02:23] Maximilion Keena encourages his students to think critically about
[00:02:27] AI responses.
[00:02:33] in handle
[00:02:36] your
[00:02:48] of i could emails, your reports, even this interview, and honestly do a pretty good
[00:02:51] job, yeah, maybe emails, that's just
[00:02:54] optimization, but talking to students, interacting, showing
[00:02:58] empathy, taking
[00:02:59] of responsibility,
[00:03:01] of
[00:03:24] of
[00:03:56] Which of career path should I choose? The law, medicine, something else.
[00:04:00] of
[00:04:30] a
[00:04:46] Asking follow-up questions leads to more balanced responses
[00:04:49] of and helps build trust, especially among professionals. A
[00:04:53] study found that doctors, for example, often remain cautious about
[00:04:57] AI. That's because experts can sometimes. underestimate what
[00:05:01] the technology is actually able to do:
[00:05:05] the 83
[00:05:05] at duesberg has been closed after an Antonov aircraft made emergency landing,
[00:05:09] fortunately no one was injured. AI deep fakes like
[00:05:13] these have become very convincing in recent years and as computing power
[00:05:17] continues to grow, they're getting even more realistic. the same goes for
[00:05:21] deep fakes circulating on the dark web, but is that really
[00:05:24] innovation? just because something's new doesn't make it
[00:05:28] innovation, there has to be value in it. for example, find
[00:05:32] it very difficult to see deep fake sexualized images of children as
[00:05:36] innovation, it may be technically new, but it's not an
[00:06:12] we ask AI a question: behind every answer is vast
[00:06:16] network of computers housed in massive, highly secure
[00:06:20] facilities protected from dust and
[00:06:23] heat, and nowhere has more them than northern Virginia
[00:06:27] in the U.S., just next to Washington DC. They
[00:06:30] take up enormous amounts of space, consume huge amounts of
[00:06:34] electricity, and they're not just an eyesore,
[00:06:38] they're pretty noisy too.
[00:06:44] "when Greg Pirio first stepped outside the home he just bought in
[00:06:48] 2012, he was surrounded by greenery, but where there was
[00:06:52] once a forest, there's now data
[00:06:54] center. It's really frustrating, we you
[00:06:58] know uh, how they how they could have voted to change the
[00:07:02] zoning to allow this so close to a neighborhood is beyond my
[00:07:06] uh comprehension. It's not just the view that's
[00:07:09] changed, the soundscape has too.
[00:07:14] 'It's just such annoying sound
[00:07:18] of angry because
[00:07:21] uh uh it will reduce the prop the value of our properties
[00:07:24] here uh angry because uh it's chased the
[00:07:28] wild life away from us. The
[00:07:31] area in northern Virginia has become a global hub for data centers where the
[00:07:35] information that powers giant companies such as Uber, Netflix and
[00:07:39] Amazon as well as from AI applications is stored'. and
[00:07:42] processed. AI data centers in particular, require
[00:07:46] enormous amounts of electricity. These are
[00:07:50] data centers, look that direction, that direction, behind us, all
[00:07:54] three sides. Elena Schlussberg is also
[00:07:57] frustrated. At Virginia's more than 600 data
[00:08:01] centers, 260 are concentrated in just two residential
[00:08:04] communities. In the 1990s, the area was home to
[00:08:08] AOL, America's first major internet service provider.
[00:08:12] Today it's at the heart the AI boom. Look, see another
[00:08:16] American flag. We're all a part of American when we're building
[00:08:19] out uh, the wealthiest industry in the world and paying for their
[00:08:23] infrastructure. Northern Virginia leads the world in data
[00:08:27] center concentration, accounting for 14% of all data
[00:08:31] centers globally. Running those facilities
[00:08:34] doesn't require many workers, but it does consume vast amounts of
[00:08:38] electricity. And that's having an impact on.
[00:08:42] residents communities are in direct
[00:08:45] competition with industry that has
[00:08:48] an unprecedented need for power and water, and
[00:08:52] so those things that you normally rely on your affordable, clean
[00:08:55] energy is now being consumed by
[00:08:59] this one customer, and that's why you see
[00:09:03] your utility bills increasing. electricity prices here have
[00:09:07] risen by 30% in just 5 years. the enormous
[00:09:10] demand for energy is one. downside the AI
[00:09:13] boom, so it looked as though it was a matter of economic
[00:09:17] development and a good thing for the community, but they did not think
[00:09:21] through the implications for the ordinary rate payer.
[00:09:25] industry often needs a certain amount of power, but it
[00:09:29] tends to be distributed and the increases are
[00:09:32] predictable and measurable. there's almost nothing
[00:09:36] that compares to this in the past, but there are locals
[00:09:40] who are benefiting, some residents. have joined forces to sell
[00:09:43] farmland for the construction of data centers and power
[00:09:46] plants. mine has been the family
[00:09:50] farm for generations and
[00:09:53] unfortunately my kids and grandchildren have
[00:09:57] absolutely no interest in and we came up with a win win
[00:10:00] solution, the county's going to make money, the
[00:10:04] um, which helps them pay other people, all their employees,
[00:10:08] more money, get better parks, get better schools for everyone, and yes we're going to...
[00:10:12] money: data centers generate more than 1 billion dollars in
[00:10:16] tax revenue every year and construction continues around the
[00:10:20] clock, but that growth comes a cost, depending its
[00:10:24] capacity, single AI data center can consume as much
[00:10:27] electricity as an entire
[00:10:29] city. keeping
[00:10:33] buildings cool already accounts for more than 10% of
[00:10:36] global electricity consumption and demand is only expected to
[00:10:40] rise. researchers think they may have found a way to
[00:10:44] dramatically reduce the energy needs for air conditioners. they're
[00:10:48] developing new cooling technology that uses special metals
[00:10:52] that heat up when stretched and cool down again when...
[00:10:55] least: only enough room for a single
[00:10:59] soda can, but this mini refrigerator is packed with innovative
[00:11:02] technology. researchers at Zarland University in
[00:11:06] Southwest Germany have built it to demonstrate a new calling method that could
[00:11:10] be more energy efficient and
[00:11:12] climate-friendly.
[00:11:19] That means lower energy consumption overall, which ultimately means lower
[00:11:23] CO2 emissions globally. This
[00:11:26] cooling system uses very little electricity and doesn't require
[00:11:30] environmentally harmful or flammable refrigerants, but
[00:11:33] how? The key lies in bundles of fine
[00:11:37] wires, a bit like artificial muscles that rotate around the cooling
[00:11:40] chamber. They're made from a shape memory alloy,
[00:11:44] material engineered to return to a preset shape after being
[00:11:48] deformed.
[00:11:50] Paul Motski is a professor of smart material systems at Zarland
[00:11:53] University. He us is infrared camera to show us what's
[00:11:57] happening. the thermal image reveals the hidden superpower
[00:12:00] the nickel titanium wires under tension. it's the same
[00:12:04] phenomenon seen a balloon, a phase
[00:12:06] transformation. the atoms arrange themselves
[00:12:10] differently depending on the temperature and the mechanical stress in the
[00:12:13] material. so when i stretch this bundle of wires, i force it into
[00:12:17] different phase. the atoms reorganize
[00:12:20] themselves. that creates a different energy state, heat is
[00:12:23] released and the material. warms up, when i release the tension,
[00:12:27] the atoms rearrange themselves again, we get different energy state,
[00:12:31] heat is absorbed and the bundle cools down again. this is known as an
[00:12:35] elastocaloric effect. it can create temperature differences of up
[00:12:39] to 40 degrees celsius within the material. the phenomenon
[00:12:43] is well known, but only recently have researchers tried to harness it for
[00:12:47] use in refrigerators and heat
[00:12:48] pumps.
[00:12:53] how do we transfer the heat? and cold that we generate to where it's actually
[00:12:57] needed. a fridge we need to bring the cooling into the interior and
[00:13:01] release the heat into the surroundings.
[00:13:05] here circulating air passes over the cooled wires, then flows
[00:13:08] round the cooling chamber circled in blue, causing the contents inside to
[00:13:12] cool down too. the team from Zarbrukan demonstrates the
[00:13:16] technology with this mini refrigerator at trade shows and
[00:13:19] conferences. however, its compact design limits its cooling
[00:13:23] performance, drinks and... can only be cooled to about 12 degrees
[00:13:27] celsius. The team has also developed more powerful
[00:13:31] prototypes with cooling capacities of up to 250 watts,
[00:13:35] roughly what an average fridge needs. But in computer
[00:13:38] simulations, electricity consumption is about half that of
[00:13:42] comparable conventional systems. The technology is
[00:13:46] slowly gaining momentum. Startups around the world are
[00:13:49] developing caloric heat pumps and refrigerators. Both the European
[00:13:53] commission and the
[00:13:54] US department. of energy see enormous potential, air
[00:13:58] conditioners are becoming more common in households around the world,
[00:14:01] in India for example, and they consume huge
[00:14:05] amounts of energy. the world's roughly 1.6 billion air
[00:14:09] conditioning units account for around 30% of global electricity
[00:14:13] consumption, according to estimates from the international energy
[00:14:16] agency. that figure has at least tripled since
[00:14:19] 1990. researchers at the center for
[00:14:23] mechatronics and automation
[00:14:24] klimaerwärmung
[00:14:55] different weiter voranschreiten zu lassen,
[00:14:56] but that goal is
[00:14:58] still a long way off. for now, the latest prototype
[00:15:03] challenge: tackling the is nickel titanium wire bundles wear out over
[00:15:07] time. depending on the alloy and the amount of force applied,
[00:15:11] they can withstand anywhere from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of
[00:15:14] cycles. the new replacement cartridge makes swapping them out
[00:15:18] relatively easy. in this case, just 28 grams of nickel
[00:15:22] titanium wire provide roughly 100 watts.
[00:15:37] and releases into the room without causing any
[00:15:39] problems. The Zarbrook team believes its cooling
[00:15:43] systems could find a market in niche applications such as lab
[00:15:47] equipment. They believe the technology could be ready within two to
[00:15:51] three years, but they estimate
[00:15:53] it will be at least another decade before consumers can start replacing
[00:15:57] conventional refrigerators with elasto-caloric
[00:16:00] systems. As
[00:16:03] temperatures rise around the world, so does the risk of wild fire?
[00:16:37] narrations and I hope I make the right
[00:16:39] decisions.
[00:16:44] If the decision is wrong, I have to make expensive changes, rebuild and basically
[00:16:48] start all over again. To create the forest the
[00:16:51] future, you first need a lot of information about its current
[00:16:54] condition. A research team at Anhalt University of Applied
[00:16:58] Sciences and Central Germany is developing an app that allows
[00:17:02] anyone walking in the woods to share their
[00:17:04] observations. Da wird einem
[00:17:08] hier angezeigt, the app tells you to hold your smartphone horizontally, and then you
[00:17:11] take three photos. First, it says here, take
[00:17:15] picture angled up into the tree canopy, then it tells
[00:17:19] me to take a second photo straight ahead into the forest, and a third
[00:17:23] one angled down towards the ground. After that, I can share
[00:17:27] my location and upload the images. Photos
[00:17:31] taken by forest visitors are a real treasure trove of data, say the
[00:17:35] researchers. Every
[00:17:38] measurement, every piece of information helps.
[00:17:42] They've discovered a medium-sized fallen deadwood log, heavily
[00:17:45] decomposed, even that will be recorded.
[00:17:49] The data is meant to provide the foundation for a completely new
[00:17:53] approach. We're developing an AI
[00:17:56] model and investigating whether AI can assess the condition of a forest
[00:18:00] based on photograph. What
[00:18:04] special is that anyone can take part? As
[00:18:07] citizen scientists, volunteers use the app to take photos on
[00:18:11] their walks. The project is called
[00:18:15] Minervalt car E, meaning my forest
[00:18:18] AI. The
[00:18:21] researchers trained the AI model behind the app, using more than
[00:18:25] 6,00 their own photos from two
[00:18:27] forests. The next step is to
[00:18:31] encourage enough citizen scientists to take
[00:18:33] part. The first version the...
[00:18:37] my Forest AI app is already available for Android. It should
[00:18:41] provide invaluable insights about the forest's current
[00:18:44] conditions. But many forest owners need to make changes
[00:18:48] now, like here in Munich. They need to know which tree species can
[00:18:52] best withstand heat, drought and pests. And these are big
[00:18:55] decisions: replacing the ecological benefits of a single mature
[00:18:59] tree, like water storage and carbon capture can require up to
[00:19:03] 400 young trees a cost of up to €25,00 euros per
[00:19:07] hectare.
[00:19:37] is one of two and a half million forest owners without a dedicated
[00:19:40] forester. That's why he founded a startup called Arbero.
[00:19:44] Using software and AI, he calculates which tree species can best
[00:19:48] survive in specific locations. To do that, he purchases
[00:19:52] data, including from the European space
[00:19:54] agency. The app
[00:19:58] combines factors from a wide range of data: how
[00:20:01] acidic is the soil? Is location expected to receive lot
[00:20:05] of rainfall or very little? how
[00:20:09] much sunshine and frost is there, how are
[00:20:12] temperatures changing, and is the terrain flat or
[00:20:16] mountainous? all of this is mapped with precision down to just
[00:20:20] few square meters, using data from the year 2000, up to
[00:20:23] now. the platform shows which the existing
[00:20:27] tree species is most suitable, both today and in projections
[00:20:31] extending to the year 2100. i can also change the mix
[00:20:35] of tree species and see exactly.
[00:20:50] After the outbreak, many beetle-infested trees had to be felled and
[00:20:53] removed, leaving large stretches almost empty of
[00:20:56] trees. The
[00:21:00] losses were substantial. In the future, the digital forester he
[00:21:04] created will hopefully reduce that risk. But these
[00:21:08] AI supported systems won't make decisions for people, nor will they
[00:21:11] replace forsters. Instead, they provide information to support
[00:21:15] reforestation planning, and that's becoming increasingly
[00:21:19] important. "if you have
[00:21:23] dry spell in spring and go six weeks without rain, what you've
[00:21:27] planted for the season goes to waste, then we have to replant
[00:21:30] in those situations we have losses of up to 50 to
[00:21:34] 60%. the forest the future will
[00:21:38] look different to those we know today. experts envision something like
[00:21:42] this: uniform monocultures such as spruce
[00:21:46] forests will be replaced by mixed forests made up of deciduous and..."
[00:21:50] forest trees of different ages and heights. This creates
[00:21:53] distinct forest layers, the canopy, middle layer and
[00:21:56] undergrowth. Light and shade alternate across the forest floor,
[00:22:00] encouraging different layers of growth. Sustainability will also play
[00:22:04] a role: only individual trees will be removed, a process
[00:22:08] known as group selection harvesting. The
[00:22:11] gaps allow the forest to regenerate without losing its cool,
[00:22:15] moist microclimate. Ganz am Anfang
[00:22:19] steht. with a single decision, which tree and where, which
[00:22:23] species i putting my faith in? it's difficult, but we have
[00:22:27] access to huge amount of data and we should make use of it, and man
[00:22:31] sollte das eben auch. in the future, data will also
[00:22:34] come from citizen scientists, and everyone who contributes gets a
[00:22:38] little something in
[00:22:39] return.
[00:22:44] immer dann, when someone uploads a contribution, they receive
[00:22:48] a thank you message. because we're grateful for every submission from the
[00:22:52] public, they also receive some information about the
[00:22:55] forests. building the forest the future
[00:22:59] means making decisions today that will affect generations to
[00:23:02] come. no one knows exactly what these forests will look like a
[00:23:06] hundred years, but the process of creating them has already
[00:23:10] begun.