N1HRV — broadcast
20260920 110000 UTC
362 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
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Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record.

[00:00:00] products,
[00:00:03] you have to be much better than the competition,
[00:00:07] congratulations, you got the role, but we admit,
[00:00:10] the most important origin, because with
[00:00:13] us, the main roles are only given to originals from
[00:00:17] Croatian fields, domestic in the main
[00:00:20] role,
[00:00:21] Podravka.
[00:00:42] More air conditioners, more data centers, more electric
[00:00:46] cars, around the world, we're using more and more
[00:00:49] electricity,
[00:00:51] but there's good news, wind and solar power are stepping up to
[00:00:55] meet that demand. Less fossil fuels, more
[00:00:58] renewables, the green. Energy transition is underway
[00:01:02] and scientists are working on something even bigger, nuclear
[00:01:06] fusion. It's a potential game changer, unlimited energy
[00:01:09] emission free.
[00:01:13] Join us for electrifying insights on this edition of
[00:01:16] DW Science Show. Welcome to Tomorrow
[00:01:19] Today.
[00:01:22] What does a donut have to do with the sun? What does a
[00:01:25] blowpipe have to do with a furnace? And what happened on
[00:01:28] May 22nd,
[00:01:31] 25, a really exciting day here at the Institute, it was top
[00:01:35] notch, but first things
[00:01:38] first, let's start with our everburning star and a
[00:01:42] question, can the sun's fusion process be replicated
[00:01:46] to produce energy here on earth? scientists have
[00:01:49] been trying and failing to achieve this for
[00:01:52] decades. we still don't have commercial fusion
[00:01:56] reactors, but we do have research facilities.
[00:02:00] like Wendelstein 7x in northeast Germany, it
[00:02:03] was purpose built to develop accelerator, a giant machine
[00:02:07] named after the latin word for star. Since
[00:02:11] May, it's been a world record holder in fusion
[00:02:13] research, a title earned after months of
[00:02:16] experimentation.
[00:02:21] We noticed things were going well, it was like, that
[00:02:24] works and that works, so let's try this
[00:02:27] too. We were still improving.
[00:03:00] Here's how it works: inside the machine is vacuum
[00:03:04] chamber shaped like twisted
[00:03:06] donnut.
[00:03:08] Normally, a tiny amount of hydrogen enters as a gas through a
[00:03:12] valve and is heated to extreme
[00:03:14] temperatures.
[00:03:17] Microwaves then strike the hydrogen atoms,
[00:03:20] ionizing them and transforming the gas into a plasma,
[00:03:24] heated to tens of millions of degrees
[00:03:26] celsius. The plasma discharge then
[00:04:00] relied a new approach, instead of feeding hydrogen gas through
[00:04:04] a valve, researchers use tiny frozen hydrogen
[00:04:07] pellets,
[00:04:12] they're shot in through kind of blowpipe like the ones we made back in
[00:04:15] school, but these pellets are propelled by pressurized
[00:04:18] gas, they dissolve, melt and quickly vaporize
[00:04:22] becoming plasma, so there's a constant supply of plasma
[00:04:26] like shoveling coal into a furnace,
[00:04:32] The heat in this furnace is contained by magnetic fields
[00:04:36] generated by a complex array of
[00:04:38] magnets. They keep the plasma from touching the
[00:04:42] chamber walls because contact would cool it down
[00:04:45] instantly.
[00:04:48] defiance, of Designing the W7X magnet configuration required supercomputers and years of
[00:04:52] planning.
[00:04:54] So, when can we expect the first fusion reactor to go
[00:04:58] online?
[00:05:42] number of upgrades scheduled over the next few months,
[00:05:46] then W7X will be back and chasing new
[00:05:50] records.
[00:05:55] Did you know that nuclear fishing, the process behind nuclear power
[00:05:58] today is considered more dangerous than nuclear
[00:06:02] fusion. Fishing accidents can release massive
[00:06:05] amounts of radioactive material, as happened in
[00:06:08] Fukushima and Chernoble.
[00:06:11] Fusion is safer. doesn't produce high-level radioactive
[00:06:14] waste that must be stored safely for millennia,
[00:06:18] yet Finland is betting a future powered by nuclear
[00:06:21] fishion.
[00:06:26] the alquiloato peninsula on finland's west coast is
[00:06:30] one of the country's most important energy hubs. it's
[00:06:33] home to three nuclear reactor units, the newest one went
[00:06:37] into commercial operation in 2023. the turbine
[00:06:41] hall is where the massive... Generators are located, they're driven
[00:06:45] by heat from the reactor, which is how the electricity is
[00:06:48] produced.
[00:06:51] Alchiloto 3 has capacity of 1600
[00:06:54] megwts, making it one of the largest nuclear reactors in the
[00:06:58] EU. The facility covers about 14% of
[00:07:01] Finland's electricity production.
[00:07:04] The company's press officer says public concerns were
[00:07:07] minimal. We have been measuring for 40 years
[00:07:10] this, what people. fear and what what how do they like
[00:07:14] nuclear power and uh they they like
[00:07:18] nuclear power lot today, they are not afraid of the
[00:07:21] waste, it's not a major concern anymore, we have
[00:07:25] solution here in alkilot, so the support for
[00:07:28] nuclear is good in every
[00:07:31] party, but there were some problems here
[00:07:34] too, construction was supposed to last from 2005 to
[00:07:38] 2009, but in the end it took 14 additional years.
[00:07:43] the project was plagued with delays including loose parts in the
[00:07:46] turbine and issues with the instrumentation and control
[00:07:50] system. after multiple repairs, the final costted
[00:07:53] 11 billion euros, about four times the original
[00:07:56] budget. so we were we were pioneers, so there was
[00:08:00] a long break that nobody was building here in western
[00:08:04] Europe nuclear power,
[00:08:06] so the readiness to build was not
[00:08:10] very good and... so the power plant was new
[00:08:13] design and it was uh not
[00:08:17] designed in detail level, so
[00:08:21] plans were changed during the project, but
[00:08:24] there were no protests over the delays and soaring
[00:08:27] costs, and now the new plant is delivering
[00:08:31] electricity to the country, as in
[00:08:33] France, in Finland, nuclear energy is considered green
[00:08:37] energy, the operator has proudly called the new
[00:08:41] reactor Finland's
[00:09:12] the long timelines they involve, and if you
[00:09:15] also look at the economic costs of renewables today, and
[00:09:19] compare that to investments in new nuclear power plants
[00:09:22] and other options, then I believe renewables will
[00:09:26] ultimately have an enormous cost advantage over other
[00:09:29] concepts.
[00:09:32] Finland though, has chosen the path of nuclear
[00:09:35] power. Here, people are convinced that ultimately
[00:09:39] electricity will be far cheaper with nuclear power. than
[00:09:42] without it, the finish operators don't
[00:09:45] understand Germany's nuclear phase out, because big
[00:09:49] country like Germany, very big country, so if you
[00:09:53] want to reach reach 100% renewables
[00:09:56] and electricity systems, we haven't seen
[00:10:00] it yet in a big country, so all the best for the
[00:10:03] for this challenging effort
[00:10:06] that uh that you can hopefully
[00:10:10] do without nuclear power, but the...
[00:10:12] Our solution is is nuclear and renewables
[00:10:16] together. The finns have also found solution
[00:10:19] for the nuclear waste. Geologist Johanna
[00:10:23] Savunan is on her way. to the construction site near the power
[00:10:26] plants. At more than 450 meters
[00:10:30] below ground, the world's first permanent repository for
[00:10:34] high-level radioactive waste is taking
[00:10:36] shape.
[00:10:40] Underground tunnels will soon store spent fuel rods for thousands of
[00:10:43] years. The nuclear waste bunker has attracted
[00:10:47] worldwide attention.
[00:10:50] I feel proud, I feel proud that we are taking action in a
[00:10:54] difficult. and not just waiting for some
[00:10:58] others to show the way. I feel that this
[00:11:01] is an issue that needs to be solved, and I'm I feel proud that
[00:11:05] Finland is doing exactly that.
[00:11:08] 300 meters long and carved into granite bedrock,
[00:11:12] the tunnels will one day store highly radioactive nuclear
[00:11:15] waste. An elevator will bring the copper canisters
[00:11:19] filled with spent fuel elements down into the
[00:11:22] repository. Each canister. will be placed in a
[00:11:26] hole, the holes and the tunnel will be plugged with
[00:11:29] bentonite, and the tunnel finally will be sealed with
[00:11:32] concrete. the onkalo repository will go
[00:11:36] online in 2026. the
[00:11:38] waste will remain here for over 100 thousand years until
[00:11:42] it is only minimally radioactive.
[00:11:45] radioactive waste is quite a
[00:11:49] difficult subject and people don't know lot about
[00:11:52] it, so people tend to be..."
[00:12:19] energy independence, and over the past decades that's worked quite well
[00:12:23] thanks to their use of nuclear.
[00:13:03] apart from many countries in the world, including Finland, where
[00:13:07] the search followed a completely different process and the public debate was
[00:13:11] very
[00:13:11] different.
[00:13:16] Finland is the first country in the world to develop a long-term
[00:13:20] storage plan for its nuclear
[00:13:21] waste
[00:13:24] and The Reactors in Orkiluoto will supply the
[00:13:27] fins with electricity for decades to
[00:13:30] come.
[00:13:35] By 2030, Germany aims to generate 80%
[00:13:39] of its electricity from renewables like wind and solar
[00:13:43] power. A key part of this green energy
[00:13:47] transition is battery storage. It
[00:13:50] stores excess energy for later use when demand is high.
[00:13:54] That helps.
[00:14:25] sense, we're a business, so it has to pay off. Kevin
[00:14:28] Galla is an electricity trader for major German
[00:14:32] energy company. Soon, he won't just be selling
[00:14:35] electricity from gas and hard cold power plants, he'll also
[00:14:38] be buying and storing it.
[00:14:42] By spring 2026, new battery system will be running
[00:14:46] here. It can deliver 50 megaws of
[00:14:49] electricity, about the output of a small gas
[00:14:53] plant for 4 hours.
[00:14:57] because it's plugged straight into the grid, the battery can store
[00:15:01] surplus renewable power and release it when demand
[00:15:04] rises, turning those swings into
[00:15:06] profit.
[00:15:10] ultimately we're taking a business risk, but we believe
[00:15:13] flexibility is key for the energy
[00:15:15] transition.
[00:15:18] right now it feels like a gold rush, prices on the power
[00:15:22] exchange fluctuate daily as seen from a... July weekly
[00:15:25] chart: during the day, solar floods the
[00:15:29] grid and prices drop. In the
[00:15:32] evening and early morning, fossil plants ramp up and prices
[00:15:35] rise. Battery storage. systems profit from those
[00:15:39] swings, think of it like squirrels gathering
[00:15:42] nuts, we trade every 15 minutes, often the same
[00:15:46] energy again and again, sometimes it's
[00:15:49] just tiny price differences, but over time you scoop up the
[00:15:52] returns. this business model has been tested for about
[00:15:56] 10 years with a 15 megaw hour pilot system.
[00:16:00] german grid operators have received speculative requests for battery
[00:16:04] projects totaling 500 gigaw above the
[00:16:07] country's peak demand. if all were built, their combined
[00:16:11] capacity could, for few hours, match the output of
[00:16:14] roughly 500 nuclear power
[00:16:16] plants.
[00:16:19] with growing flexibility, more storage systems and more co-locations,
[00:16:23] meaning more pairing of renewable plants with ensight battery
[00:16:26] storage, the price gaps will gradually
[00:16:28] disappear.
[00:16:33] on April 28th, 2025, Spain and
[00:16:36] Portugal were hit by massive blackout.
[00:16:39] Volters spiked beyond safe limits, shutting down over
[00:16:43] 20 gigawatts of plants, including four nuclear
[00:16:46] reactors. The grid's heartbeat its
[00:16:49] frequency became unstable. Could
[00:16:52] battery storage systems have prevented
[00:16:54] it?
[00:16:56] We've observed the same thing that happened in Spain and Portugal here in our control
[00:17:00] room
[00:17:01] gesehen.
[00:17:05] CTO at transmission grid operator. helps
[00:17:08] keep Germany's grid stable, he says a
[00:17:11] blackout like the one that happened in Spain and Portugal can't happen in
[00:17:15] Germany thanks to backup systems. But if
[00:17:18] batteries are to join that safety net, they must do more than store
[00:17:22] energy. They need to help steady the grid's pulse by
[00:17:25] supplying reactive power on
[00:17:27] demand.
[00:17:30] You can think of reactive power like lubricant and an
[00:17:33] engine. An engine needs oil to run smoothly.
[00:18:37] Once they're gone, reactive power won't come automatically,
[00:18:41] so a formal market needs to secure supply.
[00:18:45] The big question is, can batteries deliver during the dark duldrums,
[00:18:49] those long stretches with little sun or
[00:18:51] wind?
[00:18:54] Battery storage is being put to the test here, what role
[00:18:57] will they play in tomorrow's energy system? With mega
[00:19:01] batteries on the rise, do we even need new backup gas
[00:19:05] plants at all?
[00:19:37] Grid came under pressure. These energy charts show which
[00:19:41] plants supplied power and how much. Up to November
[00:19:44] 1st, wind was strong, but in the following days it
[00:19:48] dropped.
[00:19:50] The weak winter sun didn't add much.
[00:19:54] Gas plants stepped in with up to 15 gigawatts
[00:19:58] and coal also ramped up to about 20
[00:20:00] gigawatts.
[00:20:05] Two weeks later, the wind return.
[00:21:20] Batteries have the edge for short-term energy
[00:21:22] storage. By contrast, hydrogen
[00:21:26] can hold huge amounts of energy for months,
[00:21:29] but producing hydrogen takes a lot of energy,
[00:21:33] ideally from renewable sources. That's what makes
[00:21:37] it green hydrogen, and it's being produced in
[00:21:40] places you might not
[00:21:41] expect.
[00:21:46] The Fuffenhofen wastewater plant does more than treats sewing.
[00:23:27] It's still a pilot program, but one day it could
[00:23:30] supply the region for five days when renewables fall
[00:23:34] short. Green transition expert Florion
[00:23:37] egley likes the idea, but says that even at scale it
[00:23:41] won't produce enough hydrogen to decarbonize heavy industry like
[00:23:45] steel production. That's why government and industry are looking to
[00:23:48] hydrogen from Africa.
[00:24:50] so the question remains where else could it come from? either way, it
[00:24:54] will cost more.
[00:24:56] Eggly study says investment costs are the main reason prices will
[00:25:00] sore. interest rates are now much higher than the
[00:25:03] expected 4 to8%. in Sudan rates are over
[00:25:07] 26%. These unexpectedly high
[00:25:11] costs for green hydrogen from Africa could slow Europe's
[00:25:14] shift to clean energy in heavy industry. And
[00:25:18] that means sustainability.
[00:25:50] could help make some African projects possible and bring
[00:25:53] benefits to both Africa and
[00:25:56] Europe.
[00:26:01] What are stars made of?
[00:26:03] how many colors can butterflies see? could
[00:26:06] robots have babies one day? do you
[00:26:10] have science question? then send it to us as a
[00:26:13] video, text or voice message. if we answer
[00:26:16] it in the show, then we'll send you a little gift as a thank
[00:26:20] you, so just
[00:26:21] ask.
[00:26:27] that's all for now, but we hope you'll join us again next
[00:26:30] time for more exciting stories. from the world of science and
[00:26:33] technology here tomorrow today
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