N1HRV — broadcast
20260926 120000 UTC
419 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (https://www.gdeltproject.org/), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive.
Machine transcription. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a verbatim quotation record.

[00:00:04] This may be the biggest football pitch in the
[00:00:06] world. It wouldn't fit inside a stadium, so it's
[00:00:10] being marked out a polo field
[00:00:12] instead.
[00:00:15] Even the goals are supersized, about
[00:00:18] 25% larger than usual. Everything's set
[00:00:22] a stroke of luck to make a for two Super League youth teams here in Switzerland to give it a
[00:00:25] test. They take a look at the oversized
[00:00:28] setup.
[00:00:31] too big, it'll be a
[00:00:33] challenge.
[00:00:36] To put men under the same conditions that women face,
[00:00:40] everything has to scale
[00:00:41] up.
[00:00:46] a system designed to slow the melting of This pitch is 132 meters long and 84 meters wide. A standard
[00:00:49] pitch is just 105 by 68
[00:00:52] meters.
[00:00:56] These numbers come from research conducted by Ragna Stalsberg.
[00:01:04] just calculated the first things on paper with pen on
[00:01:08] paper and uh found
[00:01:12] out how how big would the goal be,
[00:01:15] that was the first thing if it would be the
[00:01:19] same for a goalkeeper and woman
[00:01:21] goalkeeper as for a man.
[00:01:25] women play football under the same rules as men, even though they
[00:01:29] don't. share the same physical traits. For
[00:01:32] example, average women are shorter and have less muscle
[00:01:36] mass.
[00:01:38] This experiment aims to close that gap by flipping the
[00:01:42] conditions.
[00:01:45] So how do these two youth teams cope with what women deal with in every
[00:01:49] game? They're covering far more ground than usual, so the pace
[00:01:52] picks up slowly, and the ball is bigger and 200
[00:01:56] grams heavier, another layer of challenge.
[00:02:04] "the ball was custom made for this experiment based on the
[00:02:08] Norwegian studies specs on the
[00:02:11] right for comparison a standard ball used by both
[00:02:14] men and women which is noticeably smaller and
[00:02:17] lighter.
[00:02:19] it takes 56 minutes, not 45 to reach
[00:02:22] halftime. The players are
[00:02:25] exhausted.
[00:02:28] that was awful, what women go?". through
[00:02:30] is
[00:02:33] crazy, my legs can really feel
[00:02:36] it, it was tough, especially the
[00:02:39] ball, and the size of the pitch, it's huge,
[00:02:43] women's football absolutely deserves our
[00:02:44] respect.
[00:02:49] and on it goes with the second half,
[00:02:53] at least the oversized goal means more scoring chances. With
[00:02:56] shots this high, the goalkeeper doesn't stand a chance.
[00:03:02] For women, goals like this are standard. You can see it
[00:03:06] when goalkeeper Tamara Baman trains on a regular sized
[00:03:09] goal, and it's not just the height that
[00:03:11] matters.
[00:03:14] You can see it here, a man might reach that with his foot, she has to dive for it,
[00:03:18] using her foot isn't an
[00:03:19] option.
[00:03:24] Now they flip the setup, a smaller goal scaled for women
[00:03:28] who average 1 meter 70.
[00:03:30] height.
[00:03:32] it measures 6 meters 76 wide and 2
[00:03:36] meters 25 high, about 15% smaller than
[00:03:40] standard.
[00:03:43] And sure enough, with fairly sized goal, it's noticeably
[00:03:47] harder for the coach to
[00:03:48] score.
[00:03:57] you can tell it's smaller, it's cool, save balls you
[00:04:00] normally wouldn't reach.
[00:04:04] Even though it's fun, this goalie still prefers the bigger
[00:04:08] goals.
[00:04:13] back to the men on the giant pitch,
[00:04:17] the final whistle after 112 minutes,
[00:04:20] but the score is tied, so now it's penalties on the
[00:04:24] mega
[00:04:24] goal.
[00:04:30] Game over, what's the player's
[00:04:32] verdict? It was fun, but
[00:04:35] exhausting.
[00:04:41] We show the Norwegian research team the supersize experiment. What
[00:04:44] do they think? It's so difficult to get the
[00:04:48] ball to move. This is not only about
[00:04:51] football, it's also about uh, being fair
[00:04:55] to women. We were just making
[00:04:58] together, because there are only a handful of a point, making, yeah. a statement so that
[00:05:01] people would understand about the differences.
[00:05:05] a fresh perspective on women's football, something this unique
[00:05:09] experiment definitely delivers.
[00:05:15] and now to a discovery that made headlines around the
[00:05:18] world, an Italian biologist accidentally
[00:05:21] found out that certain worms can eat plastic and
[00:05:25] they might help tackle our growing waste problem.
[00:05:29] We visited the scientists to find out what it takes beyond
[00:05:35] discovery like
[00:05:36] this.
[00:05:40] Everything about these animals is fascinating.
[00:05:42] they seem resistant to everything, to lack of oxygen, to
[00:05:46] cold. I mean, this is not scientifically proven
[00:05:49] yet. These are just observations, but if you
[00:05:53] keep them at 4° Celsius for many weeks, they don't
[00:05:56] die, they survive and they
[00:05:58] recover.
[00:06:02] For people who don't work with insects to be honest, they're not very
[00:06:06] appealing. They look like the fly larvae you'd use for
[00:06:09] fishing.
[00:06:12] but then you explain, but once you explain what they're capable of, people start to
[00:06:16] soften, they get curious getting
[00:06:19] interesting. at some point you stop seeing the worm is just a
[00:06:23] worm, and you start seeing the potential behind
[00:06:25] it.
[00:06:30] I'm a biologist and co-founder of a startup called Plastic
[00:06:34] Entropy, based here. I
[00:06:36] work on plastic
[00:06:39] degradation.
[00:06:50] They can help us solve the problem of all this plastic around
[00:06:53] us,
[00:06:55] to get rid of it, transform it into something that isn't a poison
[00:06:59] for us for humans.
[00:07:02] I realized the worms were making holes in the plastic, and not just holes, I
[00:07:06] could make those with my finger, but actually transforming it into something
[00:07:10] different.
[00:07:12] I've always liked the environment, maybe it's a way escape the lab where you spend your
[00:07:16] entire life at the microscope.
[00:07:19] So I developed this hobby beekeeping. I'm an amateur
[00:07:23] beekeeper,
[00:07:26] and as it happens, beehives are often plagued by insects, the wax
[00:07:30] worm.
[00:07:33] One day I was cleaning a beehive and tossed the worms infesting my
[00:07:36] beehive into a plastic bag. Within
[00:07:40] 40 minutes, half an hour, I noticed holes in. Back then
[00:07:43] my curiosity became unstoppable. Had to investigate
[00:07:46] it.
[00:07:48] we found enzymes, we found enzymes which the worms have in their
[00:07:51] saliva, and when these enzymes are isolated and
[00:07:55] reproduced in the lab, they can actually break down
[00:07:58] plastic. The major achievement was the discovery
[00:08:02] of those enzymes, and now we'll start producing the protein in the
[00:08:05] lab. That's when you feel really happy. When we
[00:08:09] made the first discovery, I wasn't employed. We managed
[00:08:13] to secure some funding, but it took two years to start
[00:08:16] again. Those two years and a bit were
[00:08:19] tough.
[00:08:21] We all know what's happening with plastic, there's no real solution. Most of
[00:08:25] it is burned or left to accumulate in the
[00:08:27] environment. Look at the numbers.
[00:08:31] Only about 9% is recycled all over the
[00:08:34] world, and even then the technology as it is now isn't
[00:08:37] good enough. You can recycle it only a couple of
[00:08:41] times. I never advocate for using worms
[00:08:44] directly. Yes, they can chew through plastic, but when you look
[00:08:48] at their feces, you find tiny molecular microplastic
[00:08:52] residues.
[00:08:54] You don't want to release millions of worms in an uncontrolled way,
[00:08:58] because then you have to collect the feces. You need a highly
[00:09:01] controlled environment to do that. That's why I
[00:09:05] advocate for the
[00:09:06] enzymes.
[00:09:09] Industry wants a solution in six months, something
[00:09:13] economically viable, but we can't provide that, we can't
[00:09:17] compete with incineration, with burning with the
[00:09:20] burning, it's been tough and it's been tough, knowing what I
[00:09:24] know now, maybe I would have thought twice, it's been a real
[00:09:27] challenge, really a challenge.
[00:09:31] worms, proteins, worms, proteins,
[00:09:34] polymers, degradation, didn't know anything about those
[00:09:37] topics, and when I don't know something, I
[00:09:40] collaborate, to collaboration.
[00:09:43] I'm not afraid to make a mistake, sometimes I make a mistake and think, wow,
[00:09:47] that wasn't great, but it doesn't matter because you learn from
[00:09:50] it. My connection with RAMs started a few years ago when
[00:09:54] I came here to give a TED Talk at Scenpool near
[00:09:57] Rams. That was interesting. Eventually we moved
[00:10:00] here, we're based an incubator and get a little bit of
[00:10:03] funding, environmental funding. We should all
[00:10:07] work together, really stick
[00:10:10] these animals and we're still.
[00:10:13] more, but there's no coordinated field, we've never had a meeting
[00:10:17] to get all of us together, that's what we need, because everyone working on their
[00:10:21] own won't get us anywhere.
[00:10:33] Working together is also vital for adapting to climate
[00:10:37] change. For example, how can we keep permafrost from
[00:10:40] melting? When it thaws, frozen ground
[00:10:44] turns soft and unstable, posing a real risk,
[00:10:47] but there's a technology that could help make mountain peaks safe
[00:10:51] again.
[00:10:55] High in the Swiss Alps, the ground is thawing, and earth
[00:10:59] that should be solid is starting to shift. To
[00:11:02] keep the summit station on Piz Nair safe and
[00:11:05] stable, a crew is drilling for a thermosiphon,
[00:11:11] the permafrost. It's the first of its kind in the Alps
[00:11:14] and still
[00:11:15] untested.
[00:11:21] To stabilize the permafrost beneath the building and the cable car station.
[00:12:25] Next, the thermosiphon will slide into these bore
[00:12:27] holes. Its job is to prevent waste heat from the
[00:12:31] station from damaging the
[00:12:33] permafrost.
[00:12:35] The sealed pipes contain compressed carbon
[00:12:38] dioxide. In the winter, when the ground is warmer than
[00:12:41] the air, liquid CO2 at the bottom heats
[00:12:45] up, evaporates and rises as gas.
[00:12:48] Above ground, the condenser cools the gas, turning it back into
[00:12:52] liquid, which flows down again. This cycle
[00:12:55] continuously draws heat from the ground and just few degrees
[00:12:58] colder makes all the
[00:12:59] difference.
[00:13:03] The thermosiphon uses no external energy, so it's
[00:13:06] cost-effective and eco-friendly,
[00:13:10] but it only works when the air is colder than the
[00:13:12] ground.
[00:13:16] in the winter the ground should cool down enough so that the temperature there stays
[00:13:20] below the freezing point, and the ice survives the
[00:13:23] summer.
[00:13:26] This system gives nature a boost by removing
[00:13:29] heat from the ground, making the ground colder than it would
[00:13:32] naturally
[00:13:33] be.
[00:13:40] The Piz Nair project is turning heads in the cable car
[00:13:43] industry and among
[00:13:45] scientists.
[00:13:53] Ich find das Projekt sehr.
[00:14:25] heroes in this underground cooling system.
[00:14:28] whether and how well it works in the Alps will only become
[00:14:32] clear once next year's data comes
[00:14:34] in.
[00:14:38] climate change in the ocean means rising water
[00:14:41] temperatures, less oxygen and dying fish and
[00:14:45] corals. Fighting this is a race against
[00:14:49] time, something thatman
[00:14:51] knows well. The professional sailor competes in races of... around the
[00:14:55] globe, collecting scientific data for ocean research along
[00:14:59] the way, and now he's turned a sailboat into a
[00:15:02] very special research
[00:15:04] vessel.
[00:15:07] the Coughur in the south of France. Boris Harman's
[00:15:11] research sailboat, the Malitia Explorer is its maiden
[00:15:14] voyage. Friends, supporters and scientists are on
[00:15:17] board along with the skipper in a special mission
[00:15:20] gear.
[00:15:23] we're designing our own workout. Three
[00:15:37] yachts, boss Hamman loves the variety of
[00:15:41] boats here. The yacht club is a founding partner of
[00:15:44] sailing team, and now the setting for the boat's
[00:15:47] christening. it takes a firm swing to
[00:15:51] finally send the champagne down the hole. The ship's
[00:15:55] godmother is 89-year-old Sylvia Earl, an American
[00:15:58] pioneer of ocean research. We
[00:16:01] know that we're in trouble, that the ocean is in trouble. We've
[00:16:05] seen about half of the life. extracted from the
[00:16:08] ocean during my lifetime, that's not
[00:16:12] good news, the only good news is we know this,
[00:16:16] we can measure it. The new research vessel is a labor of
[00:16:20] love, it's 26 meters long and has an aluminum
[00:16:23] hull. Helmon gives us a tour. The
[00:16:27] stern can fold all the way open, which gives us a big loading
[00:16:30] platform.
[00:16:32] The yacht has room for three crew members and eight
[00:16:35] scientists. It's designed for.
[00:17:07] It's 20 years old, but our team has knocked it into
[00:17:10] shape.
[00:17:15] French researcher Lea Olivier from Germany's
[00:17:18] Alfred Begna Institute, is the first scientist on board. She
[00:17:22] keeps an eye on the readings from the ship measurement station, which
[00:17:26] continuously records temperature, salinity and carbon dioxide levels
[00:17:29] in the seawater. I a big expert on the CO2 for
[00:17:33] example, and one of the things that keep changing is that the values keep getting.
[00:17:37] higher and higher, so I'm always scared that it's my machine that is not working, but I realize
[00:17:41] that it's not my machine that is not working, is that because we keep increasing the
[00:17:45] concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, it's also translated
[00:17:48] in the ocean. The findings are unsettling, the oceans
[00:17:52] appear far more affected by climate change than we thought.
[00:17:55] Olivier is planning the vessel's first big mission. She's
[00:17:59] convinced that sailboats have a real future in ocean
[00:18:02] research.
[00:18:04] They can go very close to shore, they can go very close to ice. For
[00:18:07] example, but also when we're a climate scientist, it's
[00:18:11] very important to reduce carbon footprints, and so using
[00:18:15] sales is very important for me,
[00:18:18] because we can do our research at the lower climate
[00:18:21] cost. has brought many renowned marine institutes
[00:18:25] on board as partners. Research funding and sponsorships are
[00:18:29] meant to cover the costs.
[00:18:32] The first mission will focus on the Southern Ocean and
[00:18:35] Antarctica, but wants to use the sailboat to raise
[00:18:39] awareness for climate
[00:18:40] protection.
[00:18:43] They head out from their glittering homeport of Monaco on their first
[00:18:47] voyage to help protect the
[00:21:11] Sweden, prison for 14 year olds,
[00:21:15] Switzerland, dangerous life in alpine valleys,
[00:21:19] London, cheap rents for building guardians.
[00:21:39] in Sweden become weapons. They are recruited even for
[00:21:43] the most serious crimes such as murder, because minors, if
[00:21:46] caught, face a much lower sentence. But the... Swedish
[00:21:50] government wants to stop this by lowering the age limit for going
[00:21:53] to prison. Initially, it was supposed to be 13 years, but after
[00:21:57] strong opposition, the limit was lowered to 14. However,
[00:22:01] the question is how to prevent children from becoming
[00:22:04] criminals at all?
[00:22:06] The Swedish Prime Minister boasted in his election campaign that the crime
[00:22:10] rate had decreased during his
[00:22:12] mandate.
[00:22:20] However, the number of young teenagers who have committed crimes for these gangs has
[00:22:24] increased. To put an end to this, the government has decided that in
[00:22:28] the future, 14-year-olds will also be able to be sentenced to prison.
[00:22:31] This is a controversial decision that many experts claim will
[00:22:35] not achieve the desired
[00:22:37] effect.
[00:22:45] In her latest research, Eva Lotta Nilsson asked
[00:22:49] vulnerable adolescents what would help them. They said,
[00:22:53] more adult support and parental involvement. In
[00:22:56] Gävle, social workers are trying to approach the problem
[00:23:00] holistically. This Swedish city was shocked last year by an incident
[00:23:03] in which a 13-year-old mercenary allegedly, on the orders of a
[00:23:07] large criminal organization, shot
[00:23:09] six people on the street. Rasmus Aksman and his team
[00:23:13] consider their visibility on the
[00:23:15] streets to be crucial.
[00:23:55] This worked in the case of this young man who wishes to remain
[00:23:59] anonymous. He is now 20 years old, but when he was
[00:24:02] 13, his life could have taken a different course. If
[00:24:06] you are 13 years old and you're going to
[00:24:09] think, okay, money, girls, cool
[00:24:13] thing. Every time
[00:24:15] I did something wrong, they came, my parents,
[00:24:18] exactly.
[00:24:24] Today he has a job, as he says, with clean
[00:24:27] money, but despite such stories with happy endings,
[00:24:30] gangs continue to find ways to reach
[00:24:33] children.
[00:24:37] Calls from football trainers calling us that, oh man, we have all
[00:24:40] the guys coming to meet up these kids after they
[00:24:43] finished.
[00:24:46] Kamarina's message to the gangs is:
[00:24:50] on the football field we're going to be there, if you're going to be
[00:24:53] on the flea market when we have a party in town,
[00:24:57] well we are going to be there to make sure that you understand that we see
[00:25:01] you and you're going to see us as well, leave these
[00:25:05] kids alone. Social workers in Gävle do not believe that sending
[00:25:09] 14-year-olds to prison will solve the problem of juvenile
[00:25:13] delinquency, but they hope that the steps they
[00:25:16] are taking can improve the situation.
[00:25:21] Finland does not want to allow any crisis to catch it
[00:25:24] unprepared. It has built a fence on the border with Russia, and
[00:25:28] a year after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it became a member of the NATO
[00:25:31] alliance. Readiness is a state of mind and a national
[00:25:35] strategy in that Scandinavian country. Finland has
[00:25:38] 50,000 shelters for citizens. One of the largest in
[00:25:41] Europe is Luola, a bunker inside a mountain.
[00:25:45] Entire settlements can fit in it. Here's how it
[00:25:48] looks then.
[00:25:50] Residents of the nearby city of Kuopio joined
[00:25:54] rescue services, volunteers and local authorities in the
[00:25:57] "Shelter 2026" campaign.
[00:26:00] Its goal is to examine whether an entire community can
[00:26:04] function in a shelter during a major crisis.
[00:26:22] At noon the exercise begins. For several hours
[00:26:25] the shelter is cut off from the outside world. How
[00:26:28] do people react when they are underground, how much water do they need,
[00:26:32] is the temperature bearable, can thousands of people
[00:26:36] organize their daily lives here? Officials say
[00:26:39] these questions can only be answered by
[00:26:43] such exercises. Volunteer Sonja
[00:26:46] Rajinika helps people to learn about one of
[00:26:49] the most important things, safe drinking water.
[00:27:09] Many Finns share this sense of responsibility. Finnish
[00:27:13] culture of readiness stems from the country's history
[00:27:16] and its geographical location.
[00:27:19] For many Finns, the Russian attack on Ukraine awakened
[00:27:23] memories of the Winter War of 1939
[00:27:27] and 1940, when Finland defended
[00:27:30] its independence from the Soviet Union.
[00:27:33] that conflict left a deep mark and is one of the reasons why
[00:27:36] readiness remains a national
[00:27:39] priority to this day. my grandfather fought
[00:27:43] in the war so that Finland could stay
[00:27:46] independent, so it is really important for me
[00:27:50] to pass Finland to the next
[00:27:53] generation. Now it's my watch and we are
[00:27:56] keeping safe. Russia is our neighbor, so we have learned
[00:27:59] from the Second World War that we we need.
[00:28:12] civil defense shelters, officials say that readiness
[00:28:15] today does not only mean preparing for armed
[00:28:18] conflict. One must be ready for cyber attacks,
[00:28:22] disinformation and other hybrid threats.
[00:28:26] prijetnje.
[00:28:38] Dozens of people will spend the night in the shelter. By morning the exercise
[00:28:42] will be over. The bunker will once again become a place for
[00:28:46] sports and recreation,
[00:28:48] but the message from Finland is clear: one should not
[00:28:52] start preparing for crises when they begin, one should
[00:28:56] always be ready for them.
[00:28:59] The foothills of the Alps are becoming a dangerous place to... live, glaciers
[00:29:03] are melting, mountains are collapsing and threatening
[00:29:06] human settlements in the valley. Last year, a glacier
[00:29:09] collapsed and almost completely buried the Swiss village of
[00:29:13] Blatten. But people still remain in the Alps and build their
[00:29:16] future there. Why is emigration from the Alpine valleys in
[00:29:20] Switzerland a taboo topic?
[00:29:24] In Sankt Niklaus, new apartments are being built only 20 km
[00:29:27] from Blatten, which was swallowed by an avalanche of rocks and
[00:29:31] mud. Life
[00:29:33] goes on, but the danger still threatens.
[00:29:37] Andreas Kattner experienced it firsthand.
[00:29:40] In winter, a piece of rock broke
[00:29:43] off the mountain. Most of the rocks fell on a nearby sports
[00:29:47] field. But one piece of rock crossed the railway track at the edge
[00:29:50] of his property and fell on his
[00:29:54] father-in-law's house.
[00:29:56] Fortunately uninhabited, unlike others in
[00:29:59] the neighborhood.
[00:30:34] Above Sankt Niklaus and its narrow, steep valley
[00:30:38] tower mountain peaks 4,500
[00:30:41] meters high. The rocks on the slopes are cracked,
[00:30:45] and if they start to crumble, they can rush into
[00:30:49] the valley. But what does that mean for its
[00:30:52] inhabitants? Should the settlement be demolished
[00:30:56] and moved from here because of this? In the case of Blatten, they decided.