N1SRP — broadcast
20260808 060000 UTC
444 transcript segments
Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking
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[00:00:13] This is the largest living structure on
[00:00:16] earth,
[00:00:19] when you think about coral reefs around the world, you think of Australia, you
[00:00:23] think of this world heritage listed site that just is so big you can see
[00:00:27] it from space, spanning in a... swath of
[00:00:30] Australia's east coast, the Great Berry Reef is home to
[00:00:35] coral nursery near the edge of about 9,000 species of marine
[00:00:37] life,
[00:00:44] when you put your mask on, you get into the water, you
[00:00:47] just have this whole world open up to you, but the
[00:00:51] temperature of these waters is rising, and the life
[00:00:54] sustaining reef is degrading at alarming
[00:00:58] rate.
[00:01:05] But now, marine biologist Emma Camp has found a
[00:01:08] glimmer of hope. You can see all along the roots here,
[00:01:12] there are corals. Discovering coral
[00:01:15] surviving in the most unexpected of
[00:01:18] places. It's part of the Rolex perpetual
[00:01:21] planet initiative. She's taking us to the outer reaches
[00:01:24] of this fragile ecosystem.
[00:01:28] We're cutting edge tools and creative ideas are being used to
[00:01:31] rethink refrestoration
[00:01:34] before it's too late. i
[00:01:37] fell a renewed sense of responsibility to next generation
[00:01:41] to say we aren't going to give up and the reef's not giving up.
[00:02:06] This is Australia's tropical far
[00:02:09] north.
[00:02:11] It's late February and today marine biologist Emma Camp and
[00:02:15] her team are in Port Douglas preparing for an
[00:02:18] important expedition to the great barrier
[00:02:22] reef, it's very carefully done in Reef.
[00:02:25] Their mission to find what's known as super coral or
[00:02:29] heat. tolerant species that could be key to saving parts of the
[00:02:33] reef. Emma's coral nurture program uses these
[00:02:36] hearty species to restore areas affected by climate
[00:02:40] change.
[00:02:44] A pioneer in this space, Emma has dedicated her career to
[00:02:48] finding and researching these super coral. We
[00:02:51] know that corals globally are having to contend with lots of stresses
[00:02:55] such as higher temperatures. So why are some corals able to
[00:02:59] contend with? conditions better than others, where are they
[00:03:02] found, how can we identify them, but also how can
[00:03:06] we learn from them? as a PhD student, Emma made a
[00:03:09] surprising discovery, becoming one of the first to find coral
[00:03:13] surviving in extreme conditions in
[00:03:15] mangroves.
[00:03:18] Since then, she's traveled the globe in search of the world's toughest
[00:03:21] coral, like here at their first stop,
[00:03:25] woody isles, a remote mangrove bay, about a
[00:03:28] 30-minute boat ride. from shore, so we'll follow the man roves along or
[00:03:32] come into some of these channels later on when it's lower
[00:03:35] tired. this lagoon is has really harsh
[00:03:39] conditions, they're not conditions that typically we would expect to find
[00:03:42] corals. the temperature gets warm, it gets acidic
[00:03:45] and we get lower auction conditions, so the corals that are here have to be really
[00:03:50] Singleton, member of tough to survive all of those conditions.
[00:03:53] these sheltered waters are home to everything from deadly box
[00:03:57] jellyfish to the odd saltwater crocodile. so
[00:04:01] long, yet it is only a the team must keep their bodies completely covered and eyes peeled when jumping
[00:04:05] in.
[00:04:08] this is Emma's living laboratory, but it's not her usual office.
[00:04:22] people might be surprised even though I work and focus on studying
[00:04:26] the Great Bear Reef that I'm actually live and based in Sydney.
[00:04:34] For most of the year you'll find Emma here at the University of
[00:04:38] Technology Sydney where she leads the
[00:04:42] Future Reefs team. We're a team of about 20
[00:04:45] people and we're studying what makes corals resilient to
[00:04:49] environmental change, particularly stresses their intensifying under
[00:04:53] climate change, so warmer oceans, more acidic, low oxygen
[00:04:56] conditions.
[00:05:01] "there's a real risk in our lifetime that the great barreef, at least
[00:05:04] as we know it, will be
[00:05:06] lost.
[00:05:09] We need to be really, really alarmed by the fact that..." grease
[00:05:12] are this canary in the coal mine telling us, telling
[00:05:16] humanity that the environment is detrimentally being impacted. if
[00:05:19] we lose caries, we're going to see increased flooding risk of low-lying
[00:05:23] nations, we're going to see collapse of fish stocks, we're going to lose
[00:05:27] knowledge about certain medical compounds, so if you live in London, if
[00:05:30] you live in New York, away from a car reef, you will be
[00:05:34] impacted in some
[00:05:49] moved here from England in 2016, but her passion
[00:05:52] for the marine world sparked back when she was just seven during
[00:05:56] family holiday to the Caribbean. I vividly remember going into
[00:06:00] the water in there's just underwater city and all these fish and life and
[00:06:03] for me like that just like transformed my love for the
[00:06:07] ocean and the wonder for what is under the
[00:06:10] water.
[00:06:14] and it is this low she hopes to pass to her
[00:06:17] son yeah so here in
[00:06:21] sydney i met my husband we have a son tan near here
[00:06:25] he is four and a half going on
[00:06:27] five
[00:06:29] this see fish you see fish me
[00:06:33] and my mom love the great valley
[00:06:36] away what color are the corals meant to be
[00:06:39] not white because if they're white that means
[00:06:44] today, in a few months, Emma and her husband will welcome a baby girl
[00:06:47] into the family. Having Tony and having a little
[00:06:51] girl on the way, it's definitely changed my
[00:06:53] perspective. I always felt a responsibility to ensure there were reass for
[00:06:57] future generations, but it hits home differently when you have your own
[00:07:01] children and you realize the experiences that I'm giving them
[00:07:04] now, they may not have to show their
[00:07:06] children.
[00:07:15] back at woody isles, the tide has lowered dramatically,
[00:07:18] revealing the coral. you can see all along the roots
[00:07:22] here, there are corals, you can see a couple of pritis corals
[00:07:26] here, got some goniastra, so all of the yellows
[00:07:29] and they scattered all the way under the roots there as
[00:07:31] well.
[00:07:34] any corals that are found in this lagoon we can think of is
[00:07:37] being really tolerant to stress because we know through
[00:07:41] the sensors that we've... and through the water chemistry measurements that
[00:07:44] we take, how extreme these conditions are.
[00:07:48] yeah, we'll go back in a bit for
[00:07:52] the ones. just 10 years ago, experts didn't think coral could even be found
[00:07:56] here. now, emma and her team have found up to
[00:07:59] 40 resilient coral species across the
[00:08:02] globe, and they use them as a blueprint for the
[00:08:05] team's refrestoration projects. there are another tool that
[00:08:09] we have to understand how corals may adapt to cl.
[00:08:13] but it's crucial that they find new super coral
[00:08:16] species, so with water samples frozen for analysis in the
[00:08:20] lab, they're off to the outer
[00:08:23] edges of the great barrier
[00:08:26] reef.
[00:08:31] Dr. Emma Camp is on her way to the very outer reaches of the Great
[00:08:34] Berry Reef to find heat tolerant super
[00:08:38] core.
[00:08:43] "It takes 90 minutes by boat to reach your team's research
[00:08:46] site. For this particular trip we've focused on six different
[00:08:50] coral species and we'll take about 10
[00:08:54] to 20 samples from each of those that will then bring
[00:08:58] back to the lab and
[00:08:59] analyze.
[00:09:04] This is opal reef perched near the
[00:09:07] edge of the Australian continental shelf. It
[00:09:10] stretches 10 km. is
[00:09:14] tiny part of the world's largest marine
[00:09:17] habitat.
[00:09:20] So I'm currently 28 weeks pregnant, so that means no
[00:09:23] diving for me on this trip, but luckily I have an amazing team who
[00:09:27] will be leading lot of the in water activities. This
[00:09:30] research trip is being led by Christine Roper, a former student of
[00:09:34] Emmas. So the idea is that we are going to be collecting six
[00:09:38] species of corals from the shallows and the deep. I think we're probably going to aim
[00:09:42] for about a... this size um, for all of the fragments that we need for
[00:09:45] the various analyses. It's her first major project since
[00:09:49] she finished her phd in 2024.
[00:09:53] So what I'm hoping to achieve with this research is that we would
[00:09:56] find that we can identify coral species and coral individuals
[00:10:00] with greater heat tolerance, but that are still able to maintain other
[00:10:04] traits that are really critical. We want them to be fast growers, we want
[00:10:08] them to provide good habitat for other organisms living on the
[00:10:11] reef.
[00:10:15] If the species are found to be super, that is, they can thrive in
[00:10:18] harsh conditions, the coral nurture program will
[00:10:21] prioritize growing them on their nurseries. and
[00:10:25] outplanting them on the reef to restore areas affected by
[00:10:28] bleaching. the crew buddy up, each
[00:10:32] assigned with a different coral to find, but when there are around
[00:10:36] 600 species on the reef, it can be
[00:10:39] tricky. do you get excited for days like this?
[00:10:42] yep, definitely like trust in the team and know
[00:10:46] your species and you might have to pip it a
[00:10:49] little bit, but yeah it usually works though, getting in the
[00:10:52] water, getting out to site is is
[00:10:55] My favorite part of the job so it's always exciting, you never know what you're going to see
[00:10:58] under the water.
[00:11:33] The team scour the reef for the specific
[00:11:35] coral. They're working against a strong
[00:11:39] swell and low visibility due to a recent
[00:11:42] storm.
[00:11:45] But within 10 minutes the first branching species is
[00:11:48] spotted. The team collects samples and tag
[00:11:52] the colony ensuring it can be found again. for further
[00:11:55] testing,
[00:12:00] so this is one of our corals here, so what we'll do is take small fragments,
[00:12:04] using these bone cutters, cut them
[00:12:06] up,
[00:12:09] this coral is being prepared for range of tests,
[00:12:13] fragments are placed in viles ready for the lab in
[00:12:15] Sydney,
[00:12:32] coral DNA.
[00:12:34] So this is a coral that was collected on the great barry. We have to get the
[00:12:38] tissue off of the skeleton for us to actually be able to do the DNA
[00:12:41] extraction. So by looking at the DNA we can see if the coral itself is
[00:12:45] adapted to be more tolerant and how rather than the environment
[00:12:49] itself, maybe just providing some refuge for that
[00:12:51] coral. The samples from the Reef. help to direct the
[00:12:55] team's toolbox approach to refrestoration.
[00:12:59] any one time, there are 10 different projects going on
[00:13:02] here. this is our aquarium room and we've got some of the
[00:13:05] team in here setting up different bits of experiments and also bringing in
[00:13:09] some corals for an experiment that's about to stop. when it
[00:13:13] comes to refrestoration, no idea is off the
[00:13:16] table. today this team is looking into a relatively untouched
[00:13:20] area, coral nutrition, or what
[00:13:23] coral need to eat. to survive, this is a dunking
[00:13:27] carl and what we're going to do with this is that we'll be using it for feeding trailers,
[00:13:31] so we're going to be feeding the carl with different foods and we'll see how that infers some
[00:13:34] trataries onto the car. on the menu
[00:13:37] are microscopic brine shrimp that will be fed with
[00:13:41] different alges to see how it affects the coral. another
[00:13:44] team is working a novel idea, a supplement to
[00:13:48] help less tolerant coral survive mass bleaching
[00:13:51] events. a bit like us as humans when we run down we might...
[00:13:55] take a supplement to give us a boost, the same with the corals, so we're trying to
[00:13:58] actually create a supplement that we can deliver to corals when they're stressed
[00:14:02] to try and give them the extra nutrients and the resources that
[00:14:06] they require to survive through that period. so we're at an
[00:14:09] unprecedented time where the rate of coral loss and also
[00:14:13] the predicted rate of coral loss is you know is
[00:14:16] catastrophic, so we've got to think
[00:14:28] heat tolerance testing on these samples using this game
[00:14:32] changing device, the phenotyping machine can
[00:14:36] predict which species have the best chance of survival as water
[00:14:40] temperatures rise. this machine is basically able to expose the
[00:14:43] corals to stress, which um is sort of indicative of um what the corals go through
[00:14:47] in the natural environment periods of blade chain. hadley england
[00:14:51] helped develop the device as part of his phd
[00:14:55] results are ready in under an hour so basically we're
[00:14:58] looking at - acrapor humilius which is quite a common coral found around these
[00:15:02] parts um but it's also acceptable to lot of
[00:15:05] stress so once we've analysed all the raw data we get charts like
[00:15:08] this um then from this chart we can see that this coral here has
[00:15:12] much higher thermal tolerance which would make it an ideal candidate to
[00:15:16] plant out of the reef and try and repopulate some of these
[00:15:18] areas. we have limited
[00:15:21] resources we have limited time and
[00:15:25] We're up against it with the threats that the reass face, so we really need to be
[00:15:29] smarter with how we use our time and effort, and this is where
[00:15:32] phenotyping can be really
[00:15:34] valuable.
[00:15:40] It ensures only the toughest corals are outplanted
[00:15:43] on the reef, improving the resilience of these
[00:15:47] underwater gardens, one species a time.
[00:16:09] These divers are tending to a
[00:16:13] the great barrier reef.
[00:16:16] They're about a 90-minute boat ride from Port Douglas in the northeast of
[00:16:20] Australia on Opal
[00:16:21] Reef.
[00:16:27] Many of these species are what's known as heat tolerant super
[00:16:31] coral,
[00:16:33] meaning they have the best chance of surviving the impacts of climate change.
[00:16:41] Marine biologist Emma Camp is helping oversea today's
[00:16:44] expedition. The research her team does helps
[00:16:48] to guide the restoration efforts here. If we give corals, if we
[00:16:52] give nature a chance, they can build resilience, they can
[00:16:55] recover. It's all part of Emma's coral
[00:16:58] nurture program, which works with tourism
[00:17:02] operators, like the crew here on wavelength
[00:17:05] cruisers to restore and
[00:17:08] areas of the reef, combining science with community
[00:17:11] action. It's been estimated about 30 to 50% of
[00:17:15] live car on the great barry has been lost and future
[00:17:19] predictions are that that loss is going to continue. The
[00:17:22] challenges we face are so big that I know that I can't do it
[00:17:25] alone. Um, I know that my team can't do it alone, so it's how do we bring
[00:17:29] the right people together at the right time to make
[00:17:32] sure that we can get the best outcome for the
[00:17:35] reef.
[00:17:38] "the crew actively work to restore the sites where they take tourists
[00:17:42] multiple times a week, all supported by science from the
[00:17:46] university. most days we're out there tending the nurseries, planting the
[00:17:50] coral, making observations, doing
[00:17:52] monitoring, we we're not doing anything to
[00:17:56] distort the natural balance of the
[00:18:00] a very sort of light touchway, and that takes a lot of
[00:18:03] science actually to do that. the coral nurture program was founded by..."
[00:18:09] and after devastating mass bleaching event in
[00:18:12] 2016. Today there's been seven of these events
[00:18:16] in just 27 years on the reef and four recorded
[00:18:19] globally. As ocean temperatures sore,
[00:18:23] corals expel the alga living within its tissue,
[00:18:27] causing it to turn white, get sick and raise the odds
[00:18:31] of dying. We have had some major events which for
[00:18:35] everybody within wavelength was... really distressing
[00:18:38] because it's not just the coral that's affected, it's the fish, it's all the
[00:18:41] invertebrates, it's the whole
[00:18:42] community.
[00:18:46] there are now seven eco-tourism operators from across the region involved
[00:18:49] with Emma's program. I'm not on the reef every day and I haven't
[00:18:53] have that historical knowledge of the sites, which is what the tourism operators
[00:18:57] have, they can tell us about the sites, about the changes that have
[00:19:00] happened, and then we can use the science then guide the sorts
[00:19:04] of practices that should be done.
[00:19:11] about an hour south of port Douglass in Cans a tourist
[00:19:15] charter involved with the program is departing for the reef.
[00:19:19] Today it's carrying about 90 passengers, including members of the
[00:19:22] coral nurture program and traditional owner Gavin
[00:19:27] the irikanji, the original custodians of the
[00:19:30] coastline between Cans and Port
[00:19:33] Douglas.
[00:19:38] They're gearing up to outplant super cool with crew members from the
[00:19:54] reef. The team gets to work, diving deep
[00:19:58] below the surface, they find a shelf to plant
[00:20:01] coral.
[00:20:20] Gavin coordinates the irikanji searanger program that help
[00:20:24] out plant about once a month the great bay reef or the ocean
[00:20:28] is part of our identity, part of who we are, and if we had to
[00:20:31] lose that part of our identity we lose part of
[00:20:34] ourselves, the role of the sea range is pure. to
[00:20:38] look after our environment, our landscape, we hope to manage
[00:20:42] it from not just the natural heritage, natural
[00:20:45] values, but also the cultural heritage values of the reef as
[00:20:48] well. "the coral nurture program works with the
[00:20:52] rangers to help train the team and also learn
[00:20:55] from them. It's really important as us says yurakanji is
[00:20:59] to bring that different perspective in and
[00:21:02] working in with the science and the best practice. It's a matter of bringing
[00:21:06] these puzzle pieces together to solve some of these
[00:21:09] problems that we are
[00:21:11] facing.
[00:21:26] As of early 2025, the coral nurture program has outplanted
[00:21:30] more than 100 thousand coral on the
[00:21:33] reef,
[00:21:37] but Emma knows this is only a temporary solution.
[00:21:41] There's only so much we can do to kind of buy time for the reef, but we
[00:21:44] have to tackle climate change because if the temperatures keep
[00:21:48] increasing, we're going to be asked.
[00:21:50] too much of corals to survive through the environment that they're
[00:21:54] being faced with, it thanks to
[00:21:56] teams like this that emma remains optimistic about the
[00:21:59] future and that one day the work they're doing here can
[00:22:03] help reefs around the world. i feel a
[00:22:07] renewed sense of responsibility to next generation to say that
[00:22:11] we aren't going to give up and the reef's not giving
[00:22:13] up.
[00:22:28] I don't want to lose reefs and I don't want to have to explain to my
[00:22:32] son and to my daughter that we could have done more and we didn't do it, it should give
[00:22:36] us some hope when there isn't a lot of hope at the moment that actually
[00:22:40] corals want to try and survive, they're doing their part and now
[00:22:44] we need to do our part to try and help the correase also get
[00:22:48] through.
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[00:27:36] bank, make it happen. A wonderful, warm summer
[00:27:39] in the car is nice, until someone complains that they're very
[00:27:42] sick. Kids, lollipops help. When
[00:27:46] you go, the nausea in children passes, go into a curve,
[00:27:50] forget the nausea. Prevomit is a friend to children, when the journey is
[00:27:53] long. Prevomit kids, lollipops help, when the journey
[00:27:57] starts, the nausea in children
[00:27:59] passes.
[00:28:20] nights during the cycle forget about ugly pajamas and sleeping
[00:28:24] on a thousand towels or a double pad
[00:28:28] make it easy for yourself and trust Always Night it's so
[00:28:31] thin that you... Almost don't even notice it and it protects you where you need it most
[00:28:35] so you can sleep peacefully all night. Here's a T-shirt
[00:28:39] with ancient stains that no wizard could
[00:28:42] remove. Stains removed. Smell
[00:28:45] gone. Soda bicarbonate that's
[00:28:49] it. Well, it's not that bad.
[00:28:52] Excuse me. Hello, try new Ariel, the big
[00:28:56] one. The capsule is larger with two times more washing power for even better
[00:29:00] results.
[00:29:02] And that's it, it's not magic, it's Ariel the big one,
[00:29:06] always keep out of reach of children,
[00:29:09] download the N1 app.
[00:29:56] Art is man's desire to express himself, to
[00:30:00] record the reaction of his personality to the world he
[00:30:03] lives in, to be a hero means to help
[00:30:06] others, to contribute to some general
[00:30:09] community in which we live. A group of young people
[00:30:13] gathered with the idea of creating a cultural center in a house they
[00:30:17] plan to give a creative touch to. Realizing that
[00:30:20] they live in a somewhat sleepy environment, they want to make Kruševac
[00:30:23] better, giving it a note of art
[00:30:26] and freedom. Art should be developed in every