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[00:00:00] and its relationship with foreign
[00:00:01] powers. Although these events
[00:00:05] took place in different years and under different circumstances, they share
[00:00:09] a common theme. The Iranian people struggle for
[00:00:13] independence and resistance to foreign
[00:00:15] interference.
[00:00:26] The first was the exile of ayatullah Sayid Ruhullah Komeini to Turkey and
[00:00:30] 1964 following his fierce opposition to the
[00:00:33] Shaw's
[00:00:34] of capitulation bill. 14 years later, on November
[00:00:38] 4th, 1978,
[00:00:40] a dozens of students were killed when the Shaw Security forces opened
[00:00:44] fire on
[00:00:45] of demonstrators at Tehran
[00:00:47] of of University. A year after that, revolutionary
[00:00:50] students took over the US embassy in Tehran an event
[00:00:54] that became one
[00:00:54] of the most consequential episodes in the history of Iran-US
[00:00:58] relations. Three
[00:01:01] events separated by years but connected by a common 10th of Albon
[00:01:05] or November 4th, 10th of Alban or November 4th,
[00:01:09] a lasting symbol of resistance in
[00:01:12] Iran.
[00:01:20] of
[00:01:40] November a 4th, 1964 marked the decisive moment
[00:01:44] in the
[00:01:44] of confrontation between Imam Komen and the Pahlavi monarchy.
[00:01:48] After publicly denouncing the legislation that granted American citizens
[00:01:52] sweeping judicial immunity in Iran, Imam Khamaini was
[00:01:56] forcibly sent into exile. His opposition wasn't simply.
[00:02:00] a controversial legal provision, it challenged a political
[00:02:03] order that placed foreign interests above Iran's national
[00:02:07] sovereignty.
[00:02:12] The legislation that triggered Imam Komaini's historic protest was
[00:02:16] commonly known as the capitulation bill. Under
[00:02:19] of its of provisions, American military personnel and certain other American
[00:02:23] nationals in Iran would enjoy judicial immunity, meaning that
[00:02:27] they could not be persecuted under Iranian law. for range of
[00:02:30] offenses. The practice of
[00:02:33] of capitulation was deeply rooted in the history of colonial
[00:02:36] domination. Foreign powers had frequently imposed
[00:02:40] such privileges on weaker countries, effectively placing
[00:02:44] their own nationals beyond the reach of local judicial
[00:02:47] authorities. In Iran, these privileges had
[00:02:51] a long history. They were initially granted to Russian
[00:02:55] nationals under the
[00:02:56] of treaty of Turkaman chai during the Khajar era.
[00:03:01] Other foreign powers subsequently secured similar concessions,
[00:03:05] taking advantage
[00:03:06] of the political and economic weakness
[00:03:08] of the
[00:03:08] a qajar
[00:03:09] of monarchy.
[00:03:13] Mr. Yaqub Tavakali, an iranian historian who has written
[00:03:17] extensively on contemporary history of Iran.
[00:03:21] How did Imam Komaini's exile on November 4th
[00:03:24] (1964) impacted his fight against the Pahlavi
[00:03:27] regime and his status among.
[00:03:49] of
[00:03:53] of
[00:04:00] of its own nationals. Following the treaty of Turkman
[00:04:04] chai, Iran had been subjected to this arrangement, first
[00:04:08] with Russia and later with Britain and other European
[00:04:11] powers. The constitutional revolution eventually abolished
[00:04:15] capitalation in
[00:04:20] of of Iran. of The capitulation system was eventually abolished in
[00:04:23] 1927, following growing public opposition
[00:04:27] and changes in the international political climate. after World War
[00:04:30] 1, yet decades later, the Pahlavi
[00:04:34] regime moved to restore similar
[00:04:37] privileges. On October 5th,
[00:04:40] 1963, the cabinet of Prime
[00:04:43] a Minister Asadullah Alam, acting on the Shaw's instructions approved an
[00:04:47] American proposal granting judicial immunity to US citizens
[00:04:51] in
[00:04:51] of Iran. When the news reached Imam Komeini,
[00:04:55] he strongly condemned the decision. On October
[00:04:59] 26th, 1964 he delivered a historic speech
[00:05:03] in
[00:05:03] a which he challenged the legitimacy
[00:05:05] of the legislation and accused the regime of humiliating the Iranian
[00:05:09] nation. in one
[00:05:11] of the most powerful passages of his address, imam khumaini
[00:05:15] declared that the regime had openly supported a disgraceful
[00:05:19] measure that place the Iranian people beneath American
[00:05:23] dogs. Mr. Seyed Hamid Rohani, an
[00:05:26] Iranian historian and a companion of Imam Komeini who
[00:05:30] saw in person the Islamic Revolution as it was
[00:05:33] unfolding. Could you please describe the political
[00:05:37] context in which the capitulation law was enforced upon the Iranian
[00:05:40] nation and
[00:06:12] understand, explaining what capitulation meant. He
[00:06:16] said that if the shah of Iran ran over an American dog, he
[00:06:20] would be held accountable, but an Iranian soldier had no
[00:06:23] right to hold an American
[00:06:25] accountable. The
[00:06:29] Shah's regime had already spent two years trying to contain Imam
[00:06:33] Komaini's growing opposition. His
[00:06:36] uncompromising position on capitulation, however, left the
[00:06:40] regime with little room for maneuver.
[00:07:12] said that they had exiled the man who was obstructing
[00:07:16] American policies. He was referring to Imam
[00:07:19] Khameini. The Turkish government, which
[00:07:23] cooperated with the Iranian government, also agreed to host Imam
[00:07:26] Komaini in exile for one
[00:07:29] year.
[00:07:33] What the monarchy intended as a means of silencing a prominent
[00:07:37] opponent instead became another chapter in the growing
[00:07:40] struggle against foreign influence.
[00:08:12] remain in Iran, following his exiled, Pahlavi regime
[00:08:16] forces were deployed a strategic points across the
[00:08:19] cities to prevent repeat the June the 5th,
[00:08:23] 1963
[00:08:25] upprising.
[00:08:29] 14 years later, after Imam Khamaini's exile, November
[00:08:33] 4th witness another bloody confrontation between the
[00:08:36] Pahlavi regime and its opponents. In 1978, as
[00:08:40] protest against the monarchy spread. across the country, security
[00:08:44] forces open fire on demonstrators at Tehran
[00:08:47] University. 56 students lost their lives while
[00:08:50] hundreds were wounded. the killings intensified public anger
[00:08:54] and further weaken a monarchy already facing nationwide
[00:08:58] revolutionary
[00:08:59] movement.
[00:09:04] by the autumn of 1978, opposition to Mohammad Reza
[00:09:08] Shah had reached an unprecedented level. them
[00:09:42] by palavi regime forces, iran entered a period of
[00:09:46] silence. People were stunned and uncertain about
[00:09:50] what would happen next. About a month later, early
[00:09:53] autumn, student demonstrations began across Iran.
[00:09:57] Schools were shut down and students went on strike.
[00:10:01] Once students joined the Islamic Revolution, the number
[00:10:05] of people joining street demonstrations served
[00:10:08] dramatically.
[00:10:13] On November 4th, schools were closed as protests continued across
[00:10:16] Tehran. Large numbers of school students joined
[00:10:20] the demonstrations and headed towards Tehran University, where
[00:10:24] University. students and other protesters had gathered to voice their
[00:10:28] opposition to the shaw. the situation quickly
[00:10:32] deteriorated. around midday, security
[00:10:35] forces fired tear gas into the crowd in attempt to disperse
[00:10:39] the demonstrators. but instead of retreating, the protesters
[00:10:43] continued their chance and demonstrations.
[00:10:47] the confrontation then took a deadly
[00:10:50] turn. police forces open fire on the
[00:10:53] crowd, killing... 56 students and leaving hundreds of
[00:10:57] others injured. The incidents sent
[00:11:01] shock waves across the country. The deaths
[00:11:04] of young students, many of whom had taken to the streets demanding
[00:11:08] political change became another powerful symbol the
[00:11:12] violence employed by the Pahlavi regime to maintain its grip on
[00:11:16] power. Mr. Sayad Amir
[00:11:20] Maki, an Iranian historian and a prolific writer on the
[00:11:23] country's modern history.
[00:11:55] to take part in the anti-imperialist movement, students
[00:11:59] took over the US embassy, which became known as the US
[00:12:03] den of
[00:12:03] Espinage. Imam
[00:12:07] Khumeini responded with message addressed to the students and the Iranian
[00:12:11] people. He urged them to remain stead
[00:12:14] fast, expressing confidence that victory was approaching and
[00:12:18] that their demands for freedom and independence would eventually be heard
[00:12:22] around the world. The bloodshed of November
[00:12:26] 4th, 1978 further intensified the revolutionary
[00:12:30] atmosphere, rather than intimidating the
[00:12:33] opposition, the regime's violent response deep in public
[00:12:37] resentment and accelerated the process that would bring the show's
[00:12:41] rule to an end only few months later.
[00:12:44] The anniversary of this tragedy is now observed in Iran as student
[00:12:48] day commemorating the young people who lost their lives in the
[00:12:52] struggle against the Pahlavi monarchy.
[00:13:01] For decades, American military interventions across West Asia
[00:13:05] have left behind countless innocent victims and immeasurable
[00:13:09] human suffering. The war against Iran is no exception.
[00:13:13] Beyond the headlines and geopolitical calculations are personal
[00:13:17] tragedies that rarely appear in world's major news
[00:13:20] reports. This is one
[00:13:21] them. Marter
[00:13:25] Mehdi Husseini was just 24. He lived in Tehran and had
[00:13:29] spent years working hard to build a future through education
[00:13:33] and determination. Master's student in e-commerce. He
[00:13:37] had been working since the age of 19. To his family he was
[00:13:41] loving son, loyal friend and a humble young man who
[00:13:45] treated everyone with kindness and respect. An only son,
[00:13:49] Mehdi shared the deep bond with his parents. He loved chess,
[00:13:52] swimming and learning. Above all, he's had a deep devotion
[00:13:56] to the ahlalbeit, especially imam hussein. In the
[00:13:59] final days of his life, Mehdi began wearing black and
[00:14:03] attending morning ceremonies. His mother remembers
[00:14:07] one evening when the name of Imam Hussain brought him to
[00:14:11] tears. Today she wonders what those tears meant and
[00:14:15] whether they were a sign of what lay ahead. Mehdi rarely
[00:14:19] spoke about his work, he kept his details from his family
[00:14:22] who knew him only as young man. studying, working and
[00:14:26] striving for better future, they never imagined the
[00:14:30] danger he faced, then came the
[00:14:33] attack. the place where Mehdi worked in Tehran was
[00:14:37] struck an attack by the United States and Israel. two days after
[00:14:41] the marturdom the leader the revolution, Mehdi was killed
[00:14:44] alongside several of his friends. For a week, his family
[00:14:48] waited desperately for news. They clung to hope, not
[00:14:51] knowing what had happened to their beloved son. Then came the
[00:14:55] devastating discovery, first part of his leg and later part
[00:14:59] of his hand. Those fragments carried unbearable
[00:15:03] meaning. These were the hands that had worked tirelessly
[00:15:07] to build his future and the feet that had carried him to Mecca and the
[00:15:11] holy shine of Imam Riza in Mashad. Now they were all
[00:15:15] his family could recover the sun they had lost. His final
[00:15:19] journey to mashad holds a special place in his mother's heart.
[00:15:22] During that visit Mehdi had served. the shine of Imam Riza
[00:15:26] wearing the uniform of a shine attendant. His mother believed that this
[00:15:30] act of service may have been a spiritual calling before his
[00:15:34] final days. There
[00:15:36] is painful. try between the beginning and end of his life, mehti was born
[00:15:40] during the fatamiah morning period, commemorating
[00:15:44] lady Fatima, his funeral took place during the nights of
[00:15:47] Gad which coincide with the anniversary of Imam Ali's
[00:15:51] martterdom. On the 19th day of Ramadan, he was laid to
[00:15:54] rest. He was only 24, he had so much left to
[00:15:58] learn, so many ambitions to pursue and an entire
[00:16:02] future ahead of him, but the US Israely attack brought that future
[00:16:06] to an abrupt end today. his parents are left with memories of
[00:16:09] faith and the unbearable absence their only son, no
[00:16:13] words can fill the voice of Mehdi left
[00:16:16] behind.
[00:16:20] November 4th, 1979 brought Iran and the United States
[00:16:23] into one the most dramatic confrontations in their modern
[00:16:27] history. Revolutionary students took over the US embassy in Tehran
[00:16:31] accusing it of serving as a center for espionage and
[00:16:35] interference in Iran's domestic affairs.
[00:17:07] had realized the danger it pos to Iran and understood the plots being
[00:17:11] hatched against the country's independence now on Alban
[00:17:15] 13th on the Persian calendar which falls on
[00:17:18] November 4th following the victory the
[00:17:22] Islamic Revolution uh students uh basically some Iranian
[00:17:26] students captured uh the US embassy in Tehran
[00:17:30] what was their first and initial motivations for such action
[00:17:33] and how did that differ from uh what followed
[00:17:47] had also clearly identified the enemy, they knew that the Americans were using their
[00:17:51] embassy to carry out conspiracies, so the students
[00:17:55] acted immediately and imam khumaini endorsed their action, calling it the
[00:17:59] second revolution. the first revolution had been against the shah
[00:18:02] dictatorial regime, the second was against the United
[00:18:06] States. "the
[00:18:10] takeover the embassy in Tehran quickly attracted international
[00:18:14] attention. On November 4th, 1979,
[00:18:18] revolutionary students occupied the compound, demanding the
[00:18:21] extradition of Muhammad Riza Pahlavi who had been allowed into the
[00:18:25] United States. They viewed the
[00:18:29] embassy as a symbol of Washington's longstanding interference in
[00:18:32] Iran and renamed it the US spy
[00:18:35] den.
[00:18:44] اسناد که بیرون اومد تازه دیدن که این
[00:18:47] سفارتخانه
[00:18:48] نبود.
[00:19:02] a US
[00:19:02] spiiden.
[00:19:08] How could anyone accept that decisions on even the smallest
[00:19:12] aspects of Iran's infrastructure and governance, including
[00:19:15] cultural, security and economic affairs were being
[00:19:19] made there and then dictted were put into written
[00:19:23] records. As a researcher, I strongly
[00:19:26] believe every Iranian should read at least one
[00:19:30] page these documents. They reveal direct
[00:19:33] American interference in every area of Iran's government.
[00:20:02] Iran's oil industry, challenging british and american
[00:20:05] interests, the CIA and
[00:20:50] embassies, they respond that there is only one country in the
[00:20:53] world where a cu cannot take place through the US
[00:20:57] embassy, the United States itself, because it has no
[00:21:01] US
[00:21:01] ambassador.
[00:21:05] They left a lasting mark on Iran's political
[00:21:08] consciousness, reinforcing suspicions of western interference
[00:21:12] in the country's internal affairs. These
[00:21:16] concerns grew further during the show's close political and military.
[00:21:20] cooperation with Washington, including Iran's reported
[00:21:24] support for American interests during the Vietnam
[00:21:27] war. If we want to basically
[00:21:31] examine capturing the US embassy following the
[00:21:34] victory the Islamic Revolution into
[00:21:38] perspective historical wise. Do you think that this could be
[00:21:41] considered as the beginning of U.S. hostility toward
[00:21:44] ایران. امریکا از سال
[00:21:47] 1328. Iran's oil
[00:21:50] industry was nationalized in 1951, look at the
[00:21:54] hostility and injustices the United States has inflicted on the Iranian
[00:21:58] nation. Did America really have the Iranian people's best
[00:22:01] interests at heart? Then what was the 1953
[00:22:05] coup that crippled their country and gave the US
[00:22:08] control over the lives and property the Iranian people? American
[00:22:12] hostility toward Iran goes back decades and Washington has
[00:22:16] repeatedly struck at the Iranian nation in various ways.
[00:22:22] For the revolutionary students, the embassy takeover was therefore not
[00:22:26] an isolated protest, but response to decades of perceived
[00:22:29] American interference and support for the shows
[00:22:32] monarchy. The November 4th confrontation
[00:22:36] became defining moment in Iran-US relations with
[00:22:40] consequences that continue to shape ties between the two
[00:22:44] countries.
[00:22:50] Khumeini's opposition to capitulation was the first major move against
[00:22:54] the United States when the Iranian people stood up to
[00:22:57] Washington. His movement and historic speech inspired
[00:23:01] the Iranian people to rise up and anti-American sentiment
[00:23:05] intensified. The takeover the US den of espionage later
[00:23:09] became a symbol the students resistance to the United
[00:23:12] States.
[00:23:16] From the overthrow of Iran's elected government in 1953 to
[00:23:20] political and military intervention across West Asia, Washington's
[00:23:23] involvement has repeatedly changed the course of events in this
[00:23:27] region. November 4th is therefore more than date of
[00:23:31] historic remembrance. It is an occasion to reflect on the
[00:23:34] consequences of foreign intervention and the price that nations
[00:23:38] pay when their sovereignty becomes subject to outside
[00:23:41] powers.
[00:23:46] In its latest act of regional adventurism, the United States has
[00:23:50] launched a war against Iran, opening another devastating
[00:23:53] chapter in the history of American intervention in West
[00:23:57] Asia. The human cost has been
[00:24:00] immense. Innocent civilians have lost their
[00:24:03] lives, families have been torn apart and countless
[00:24:07] people have seen their homes and livelihoods
[00:24:09] destroyed. But the consequences
[00:24:13] of this conflict extend far beyond Iran and its neighboring
[00:24:16] countries. Unlike. previous
[00:24:20] American military campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan, the
[00:24:23] repercussions of this war have become a matter of international
[00:24:27] concern, with its effects reaching countries across the
[00:24:30] globe. Public opposition is also
[00:24:34] growing. Demonstrations in the United States across
[00:24:38] Europe and in other parts the world reflect increasing
[00:24:41] dissatisfaction with a military confrontation that many people
[00:24:44] regard as unnecessary and
[00:24:47] unjustifiable. The economic fallout
[00:24:50] is equally significant, disruptions to
[00:24:54] energy supplies, rising prices and growing uncertainty in
[00:24:58] international are now experiencing the consequences of a war in
[00:25:02] which they had no part and which they never
[00:25:05] wanted. these developments raise fundamental
[00:25:09] questions about the role the United States in the international
[00:25:12] system. how many more conflicts must errupt
[00:25:16] before the consequences of military intervention are fully?
[00:25:20] recognized, how many more nations must endure
[00:25:24] destruction and instability in the name of security and strategic
[00:25:27] interests? the historical experience of Iran and
[00:25:31] the wider region offers clear warning,
[00:25:35] policies based on military dominance and interference in the affairs of
[00:25:39] independent nations cannot deliver lasting
[00:25:42] peace. November 4th reminds the Iranian
[00:25:46] nation of a long struggle for independence, unity
[00:25:50] and sovereignty. It also serves as reminder that
[00:25:54] genuine peace and stability in west Asia will remain out of
[00:25:57] reach as long as foreign intervention and the use of military
[00:26:01] force continue.
[00:26:02] you to shape the region's
[00:26:04] future.
[00:26:09] That's all for today. Thank you for watching from the whole team. Please do
[00:26:13] join us again same times next week to see what else is on.
[00:26:17] Until next time. Take
[00:26:18] care.
[00:26:39] Along the shores, the Persian gulf stands Delv, city
[00:26:43] where history and resistance run
[00:26:45] deep.
[00:26:49] It was here the Race Ali Delivari rose against British
[00:26:53] forces during the first world war, becoming a symbol of southern Iran's
[00:26:57] struggle to defend its
[00:26:58] homeland.
[00:27:03] More than a century later, another son of Tangaston, commander
[00:27:07] alireza tangcidi, carried that legacy into the modern
[00:27:11] era. Two
[00:27:14] generations, one Persian Gulf, one enduring
[00:27:17] spirit of
[00:27:18] resistance.
[00:27:32] For decades he topped the most wanted
[00:27:35] list, no
[00:27:39] public appearances, no voice, only a shadow that
[00:27:42] reshaped the
[00:27:43] battlefield.
[00:27:49] In the dust of refugee camps to the underground labyrinth of
[00:27:52] Gaza, Muhammad Deif evolved from a street fighter into
[00:27:56] the master mind of asymmetric
[00:27:57] warfare, surviving repeated
[00:28:01] assassinations. his silence became a weapon and his name
[00:28:05] enduring legend after his
[00:28:07] marcherdom.
[00:28:23] from the villages of southern Lebanon to the occupied west bank from the mountains
[00:28:27] of southern Syria to the corridors of power in amman and beyond
[00:28:31] a dangerous regional transformation is unfolding,
[00:28:35] Israeli entity aggression is intensifying, military
[00:28:38] incursions are expanding and territorial ambitions are increasingly
[00:28:42] threatening the sovereignty of neighboring countries, but these developments
[00:28:46] are not happening in isolation, what connects the attacks, the
[00:28:50] advancing military positions, the political calculations and the emerging
[00:28:54] regional fault lines, who stands to benefit from a fragmented
[00:28:57] west Asia and who will pay the price? zin is
[00:29:01] Israel's expect regional ambitions this week on the meast
[00:29:04] stream.
[00:29:37] Headlines on Press TV: a senior IRGC commander wars that
[00:29:41] the US will receive drastic blows from the resistance front
[00:29:45] if it repeat its past
[00:29:46] miscalculations and Iran strongly
[00:29:50] condemns the German foreign minister's efforts to justify
[00:29:54] Washington's aggression against the Hall calling in the sign
[00:29:58] of Will's profound moral decay.
[00:30:03] and Palestinian officials says thousands of patients
[00:30:06] are at risk of losing their lives in Gaza as Israeli restrictions
[00:30:10] prevents them from receiving treatment outside the
[00:30:13] territory.